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INFORMATION to USERS the Most Advanced Technology Has Been Used to Photo­ Graph and Reproduce This Manuscript from the Microfilm Master INFORMATION TO USERS The most advanced technology has been used to photo­ graph and reproduce this manuscript from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. 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Ann Arbor Ml 40100-1346 USA 313 761-4700 800,521-0600 Order Number 8907240 Upper Campanian-Maastrichtian foraminifers of the high southern latitudes: Ontogenetic morphometric systematica, biostratigraphy, and paleobiogeography Huber, Brian Thomas, Ph.D. The Ohio State University, 1988 Copyright ©1988 by Huber, Brian Thomas. Ail rights reserved. UMI 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 UPPER CAMPANIAN-MAASTRICHTIAN FORAMINIFERS OF THE HIGH SOUTHERN LATITUDES: ONTOGENETIC HORFHOMETRIC SYSTEMATICS, BIOSTRATIGRAPHY. AND PALEOBIOGEOGRAPHY DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Brian Thomas Huber, B.S., M.S. ****** The Ohio State University 1988 Dissertation Committee: Approved by P .-N. Webb W.I. Ausich S.M. Bergstrom e-^ L.A. Krissek Aai^sor Department of Geology and Mineralogy Copyright by Brian Thomas Huber 1988 In memory of ray grandfather, Arleigh J. Browand, for his love of Nature's splendor and his drive to achieve. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I anil very grateful to Peter-N. Webb for presenting me with many research opportunities during my graduate career at The Ohio State University and for his continuous support and guidance. Peter-N. Webb, William I. Ausich, Stig M. Bergstrom and Larry A, Krissek are thanked for critically reviewing this text and for their many helpful suggestions. 1 also owe thanks to David H. Elliot and Enriqueta Barrera for many enlightening discussions and helpful comments. David M. Harwood and Scott E. Ishman are acknowledged for pouring through rough drafts of past manuscripts and Chapter I of this dissertation. To the fellow "Webb Boys", David M. Harwood, Scott E. Ishman, Charles P. Hart, Reed H. Scherer, and Enriqueta Barrera, I am grateful for our many enjoyable conversations (science- related and otherwise) in the corridors of second floor Orton Hall and I look forward to our continuing association. Matt Karrer and Martin Marks are due thanks for their help processing samples in the wet lab. Finally, I am indebted to Kathleen Mullaney, for her help creating order out of chaos, her friendship and her encouragement. Financial support for my research from the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Sigma Xi, the Geological Society of America, The Friends of Orton Hall, the Byrd Polar Research Center, and the Ocean Drilling Program is gratefully acknowledged. - I have also benefitted iii from fellowship support from AMOCO Oil Co. and The Ohio State University and Research Assistantships from National Science foundation Grants DPP-8214174*A01 and DPP-8517625A01. iv ABSTRACT Foraminifers from upper Campanian-Maastrichtian shelfal marine and deep sea sections at several high latitude sites in the Southern Hemisphere are analyzed to improve biostratigraphic correlation with low latitude reference sections and to reconstruct the paleoceano- graphic and paleoclimatic history of the circum-Antarctic region. New morphometric techniques are used to characterize the developmental morphologies of several Upper Cretaceous planktonic foraminifer taxa to better determine their taxonomic classification. Material used in this study is from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Sites 689 and 690 (Maud Rise), ODP Sites 698 and 700 (Northeast Georgia Rise), Deep Sea Drilling Project Sites 327 and 511 (Falkland Plateau), and the James Ross Island region (Antarctic Peninsula). Comparisons are also made with ODP Sites 738 and 750 (Kerguelen Plateau), DSDP Site 208 (Tasman Sea), New Zealand and Western Australia. Distinctive similarities among nearshore benthic and open ocean planktonic foraminifer assemblages from the southern South Atlantic and southern southwest Pacific regions suggest the presence of shallow marine seaways within West Antarctica during the Late Cretaceous. Occurrence of recycled Cretaceous marine microfossils at numerous Antarctic localities also argues for the former presence of intra- Antarctic marine basins. Plots of poleward changes in total and keeled planktonic species diversity in the Southern Hemisphere are compared for the Campanian-Maastrichtian time periods. Latitudinal diversity gradients are weakest during the early Campanian and become more pronounced during the late Campanian and early Maastrichtian. Five planktonic species endemic to the Austral Province first appear during the late Campanian and the early Maastrichtian, Progressive biogeographic isolation of Austral Province assemblages is inferred to reflect development of a major watermass boundary separating cool surface waters south of about 50°S paleolatitude from warmer surface waters to the north. An influx of thermophilic planktonic foraminifers, including both keeled and non-keeled forms, to the high southern latitudes occurred during the late Maastrichtian. This may have been caused by a temporary poleward expansion of the Tethyan Province and a concommittant enhancement of surface water stratification. vi VITA July 20, 1959 ......... Born - Medina, Ohio 1977.................. Diploma, Medina High School, Medina, Ohio 1981..................B.S., Geology, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 1981-1984 ............ Research Assistant, Upper Cretaceous foraminifer biostratigraphy and paleoecology of the Antarctic Peninsula and southern South America 1984.................. M.S. , Geology, biostratigraphy and micropaleontology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1984-1988 ............ Research Assistant and Graduate Fellow, Upper Cretaceous foraminifer biostratigraphy, paleoecology, paleobiogeography and paleoceanography of the high southern latitudes. Department of Geology and Mineralogy and Byrd Polar Research Center, The Ohio State University 1988.................. Shipboard foraminifer paleontologist, Ocean Drilling Program Leg 119, southern Indian Ocean 1988..................Ph.D., Geology, biostratigraphy and paleoceanography, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio FIELD OF STUDY Major Field: Geology vii RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS Huber, B.T. and P.N. Webb, 1986. Distribution of Frondicularla rakauroana Finlay in the southern high latitudes: Journal of Foraminiferal Research, 16(2):135-140. Barrera, E., B.T. Huber, S.M. Savin and P.N. Webb. Antarctic marine temperatures; late Campanian through early Paleocene: Paleoceanography, 2(1):21-47. Huber, B.T, Upper Campanian-Paleocene foraminifera from the James Ross Island region, Antarctic Peninsula: Id Feldmann, R.M. and M.O. Woodburne (eds.), Geology and Paleontology of Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula, Geological Society of America, Memoir Series 169, 163-252. Huber, B.T., In press. Foraminiferal biogeography of the Late Cretaceous southern high latitudes: Fifth Symposium on Antarctic Earth Sciences, M.R.A. Thomson (ed.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Macellari, C.E., R.A. Askin and B.T. Huber, in press. El limits Cret&cico/Tertiario en la Peninsula Antarctica: X Congreso GeolOgico Argentino, Tucuman, Sept. 1987. Macellari, C.E. and B.T. Huber, 1982. Cretaceous stratigraphy of Seymour Island (East Antarctic Peninsula): Antarctic Journal of the United States, 17(5):68-70. Huber, B.T., D.M. Harwood and P.N. Webb, 1983. Upper Cretaceous microfossil biostratigraphy of Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula: Antarctic Journal of the United States, 18(5):72-74. Huber, B.T., 1985. The location of the Cretaceous-Tertiary contact on Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula: Antarctic Journal of the United States, 20(5):46-48. Huber B.T., 1986. Foraminiferal distribution across the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary on Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula: Antarctic Peninsula: Antarctic Journal of the United States, 21(5):71-73. Huber, B.T., in press. Ontogenetic morphometries of some Upper Cretaceous press foraminifera from the sothern high latitudes: Antarctic Journal of the United States, 22(5). Huber, B.T., 1983. Upper Cretaceous foraminifera
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