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Achave Osnomesgalegosdos M Os nomes galegos dos monotremos e marsupiais 2020 2ª ed. Citación recomendada / Recommended citation: A Chave (20202): Os nomes galegos dos monotremos e marsupiais. Xinzo de Limia (Ourense): A Chave. http://www.achave.ga /wp!content/up oads/achave_osnomesga egosdos"monotremos"e_marsupiais"2020.pd# Fotografía: coala (Phascolarctos cinereus ). Autor: Jordi Bas. $sta o%ra est& su'eita a unha licenza Creative Commons de uso a%erto( con reco)ecemento da autor*a e sen o%ra derivada nin usos comerciais. +esumo da licenza: https://creativecommons.org/ icences/%,!nc-nd/-.0/deed.g . Licenza comp eta: https://creativecommons.org/ icences/%,!nc-nd/-.0/ ega code. anguages. 1 Notas introdutorias O que contén este documento Neste documento fornécense denominacións galegas para as diferentes especies de mamíferos monotremos e marsupiais. A primeira edición data do ano 2019. Para a segunda edición, do ano 2020, fíxose unha actualización taxonómica, incorporando as últimas no"idades científicas canto # consideración de especie ou de subespecie dos mamíferos deste grupo, e unha asignación m#is acaída dalgúns dos nomes dos marsupiais suramericanos. %n total, achéganse os nomes galegos para &89 especies (&)8 estantes e 11 extintas na actualidade), +ue son todos os monotremos e marsupiais do planeta. A estrutura %n primeiro lugar preséntase unha clasificación taxonómica +ue considera as ordes e as familias dos mamíferos monotremos e marsupiais. A+uí apúntase, de maneira xeral, os nomes dos monotremos e marsupiais +ue hai en cada familia. A seguir "én o corpo do documento, onde se indica, especie por especie, alén do nome científico, os nomes galegos e ingleses de cada monotremo ou marsupial (nalgún caso, tamén, o nome xenérico para un grupo deles*. Ao final inclúese unha listaxe de referencias $ibliogr#ficas +ue foron utilizadas para a ela$oración deste recurso léxico. Nalgunhas desas referencias recóllense ou propóñense nomes galegos para os monotremos e os marsupiais, +uer xenéricos +uer específicos. Outras referencias achegan nomes para estes mamíferos noutras linguas, +ue tamén foron tidos en conta. Alén diso, inclúense algunhas fontes $#sicas a respecto da metodoloxía e dos criterios terminolóxicos empregados. 2 ratamento terminolóxico Na .aliza non temos especies autóctonas pertencentes a este grupo faunístico. Por iso os nomes para os monotremos e marsupiais son practicamente inexistentes na tradición lexicogr#fica do galego, non sendo para algunhas especies moi coñecidas, como o canguro ou o coala. O recurso m#is importante +ue temos para poder dispor de nomes galegos para estes mamíferos son os nomes "ern#culos indíxenas. /e feito, a popular pala$ra canguro xa pro"én da pala$ra gang-u-ru, do po$o a$orixe australiano guugu 0imidhirr. Así, por un lado, incorpóranse e ad#ptanse nomes de linguas a$orixes australianas, como $il$i, uala$í, "om$ate, num$ate, 1aluta, ningaui, $etonxia, potor! etc., tamén adoptados por outras linguas do mundo para designaren estes marsupiais. Por outro lado, para marsupiais do continente americano, incorpóranse e ad#ptanse nomes destes animais de linguas indíxenas de América. /este xeito, por exemplo, colo2colo, gam$#, cuíca, guaiquica, tacuazín e sarigüeia, tamén adoptados por outras linguas do mundo para designaren estes marsupiais, e algúns deles xa usados en galego. Nalgúns casos non se coñece exactamente a lingua de orixe do nome usado na actualidade para estes mamíferos, aínda +ue si +ue con seguranza procede dun nome nativo, dalgún dos lugares onde ha$ita esa especie. Por exemplo, o nome cuscús, usado hoxe en moitas linguas do mundo para os marsupiais da familia Phalangeridae, procede pro$a$elmente da No"a .uinea, dunha lingua papúa. A respecto da grafía galega do nome coala (Phascolarctos cinereus *, #s "eces escrito 1oala, na 4ha"e preferimos mellor recomendar a forma con ce (coala* para o nome galego deste mamífero, +ue procede da lingua darug (Australia*. 5 un caso semellante ao do ungulado chamado ocapi (#s "eces escrito o1api*, +ue procede da lingua $am$uba (6ep!$lica /emocr#tica do 4ongo*, para o +ue tamén se recomenda a forma con ce (ocapi* en galego. Estes mamíferos, o coala deste recurso léxico e o ocapi do léxico de ungulados, son $astante coñecidos, cando menos nos #m$itos divulgativos, e a adopción da grafía con ce reflicte a súa normalización ou popularización no uso da lingua galega. No entanto, no caso de nomes doutros marsupiais moi pouco coñecidos, como o 1aluta (Dasykaluta rosamondae* ou o 1owari (Dasyuroides byrnei *, manteñen a súa grafía con 1a. Así mesmo, na adopción de nomes procedentes de linguas a$orixes australianas, na 4ha"e preferimos mellor adaptar as formas inglesas +ue transcribiron os nomes a$orixes como numbat (orixinariamente do noongar*, wombat (orixinariamente do darug), e bandicoot (orixinariamente do telegu), e recomendarmos num$ate, "om$ate e $andicute (plurais8 num$ates, "om$ates e $andicutes*, formas m#is acordes co consonantismo galego. En portugués fíxose a mesma adaptación para un dos grupos m#is coñecidos destes animais8 "om$ate 9 plural 8 "om$ates. 3 Alén do devandito, recoméndase a grafía coa letra +ue para o nome do Setonix brachyurus ( +uoca *, orixinariamente da lingua noongar (Australia*, do mesmo modo +ue outras pala$ras +ue se incorporan ao galego como cultismos ou directamente do inglés 8 sequoia, +uásar.... Para outros marsupiais aplic#ronse as mesmas denominacións +ue, coincidentes, teñen en diversos idiomas. Así, nomes xenéricos como ratos marsupiais para as especies do xénero Sminthopsis, fura,os marsupiais para as especies do xénero Caenolestes, ou especificos como xer$o marsupial para Antechinomys laniger etc., +ue noutros idiomas teñen estes mesmos nomes. Finalmente, outro recurso foi considerar os nomes científicos, en latín, de modo paralelo #s denominacións desas especies de marsupiais noutras linguas. Por exemplo, denominacións como petauro, para as especies dos xéneros Petaurus e Petauroides 9 marmosa e marmosiña, para algunhas especies da familia /idelphidae (dos xéneros Marmosa, Marmosops, Hyladelphys e Thylamys, en correspondencia co seu uso noutras linguas9 igualmente marmosa e marmosinha en portugués, segundo o tamaño*9 dasiúro, para algunhas especies da familia /as0uridae 9 antequino, para as especies do xénero Antechinus, e pseudoantequino para as dos xéneros Parantechinus e Pseudantechinus etc. "s#ecies con máis dun nome Algunhas das especies m#is coñecidas deste grupo faunístico teñen "arios nomes, usados en case todas as linguas como sinónimos. %n galego adóptanse e !sanse tamén de modo semellante. Así, por exemplo8 lo$o marsupial, lo$o da ;asmania, tigre da ;asmania ou tilacino para Thylacinus cynocephalus. ;odos os nomes +ue aparecen no documento son considerados correctos, pódese usar cal+uera deles. 6ecoméndase, porén, o primeiro nome como preferente. O seguinte nome –ou seguintes< aparecen marcados coa a$reviatura sin., +ue indica +ue son sinónimos do primeiro, +ue sería o principal, de acordo cos criterios da 4ha"e. No caso +ue apuntamos como exemplo, o preferente sería lo$o marsupial, aínda +ue cal+uera deles é "#lido, e dependería do contexto e do criterio de cada persoa usar un ou outro nome, ou facer referencia a m#is dun deles. 4 % #rocura do nome galego dun monotremo ou un marsu#ial neste documento Para consultarmos axiña o nome galego dun mamífero monotremado ou marsupial no +ue estamos interesados 8 =e sa$emos o seu nome científico, unha $oa opción é ter o recurso léxico descargado en formato P/F e introducir no $uscador do P/: o nome latino do xénero dese monotremo ou marsupial, +ue é o primeiro dos dous +ue normalmente forman o seu nome científico. Ao clicarmos no xénero latino introducido no $uscador, "ainos aparecer onde é +ue est# ese xénero no documento, destac#ndoo con algún tipo de som$reado. =e estamos na listaxe específica, o nome do xénero "erémolo na es+uerda da fila, e ao lado, no centro da fila, "eremos o seu nome en galego, con letra m#is grande e azul. Pode ser +ue atopemos "arios monotremos ou marsupiais co mesmo xénero latino 8 da+uela hai +ue sa$er o nome latino completo, o xénero e mais a especie, para acharmos o nome galego do +ue nos interesa. Outra opción é se coñecemos o nome inglés dese monotremo ou marsupial 8 podemos escri$ilo no $uscador do P/: e "annos ir aparecendo os nomes dos +ue teñan ese nome en inglés (# $eira, no centro da fila, con letra m#is grande e azul, ha$emos atopar o seu nome en galego*. Por moitos e diversos motivos, non se inclúen os nomes en castel#n dos monotremos e marsupiais. Para sa$ermos cal é a correspondencia entre o nome castel#n e o nome galego dun destes mamíferos, necesitamos coñecer o seu nome científico . Así, por exemplo, a especie +ue en castel#n é chamada rat n marsupial lanudo ou tamén kultarr ten o nome científico Antechinomys laniger9 se escribimos Antechinomys laniger no $uscador do P/: aparécenos o lugar do documento onde se encontra ese nome científico, e # $eira, no centro da fila, atopamos o seu nome en galego 8 xer$o marsupial. 4o $uscador do P/: tamén podemos procurar o nome dunha familia. Así, por exemplo, se escribimos Vom$atidae (ou se escribimos Vom$atídeos*, aparécenos o lugar do documento onde se encontra o nome desta familia8 na listaxe da clasificación taxonómica (no inicio do documento* ou na listaxe das especies (no corpo propiamente do documento*. 4licando outra "ez no $uscador, imos dun lugar para o outro. 5 Agradecemento O equipo da 4ha"e +uere expresar o seu agradecemento a todas as persoas +ue a tra"és da sección contacte connosco do sitio web envían comentarios, suxestións, puntualizacións... a respecto dos contidos dos recursos léxicos so$re a fauna e a flora. ;odas as opinións son lidas con atención e interese. Aínda +ue non todas son tidas en conta, algunhas ser"en para puír ou enriquecer o xa publicado, e nalgún caso mesmo nos levaron a unha no"a edición do documento.
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