Kunst Und Form Herausgegeben Von Jožef Muhovič

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Kunst Und Form Herausgegeben Von Jožef Muhovič Umetnost in forma 1 Kunst und Form Herausgegeben von Jožef Muhovič KUNST UND FORM WAS HEISST „FORM“ IN EINER POSTMODERNEN KUNST? (Ljubljana, 9. – 11. Oktober 2006) Herausgegeben von Jožef Muhovič Phainomena xvii / 66–67 Kunst und Form KUNST UND FORM Was heisst „Form“ in einer postmodernen Kunst? (Ljubljana, 9. – 11. Oktober 2006) Das äusserlich auffallendste Merkmal der modernen Kunst seit der Mitte des vergangenen Jahrhunderts ist ihr Streben nach Auflösung und nach der allmäh- lichen Aufgabe dessen, was herkömmlich mit dem Ausdruck „Form“ bezeichnet wurde. Wie die vormodernen und modernen Kunstmentalitäten spontan von der Evidenz, dass das schöpferische Drama zur Form führt, durchdrungen waren, so spontan sind die postmodernen Kunstmentalitäten von der – umgekehrten – 5 Evidenz einer wohltuenden Wirkung der Abschaffung der Form durchdrungen. Diese Umkehrung legt dabei nahe, dass hier das Unangemessene durch etwas Angemesseneres, das Altweltliche durch etwas Aktuelles ersetzt wird. In der Per- spektive der postmodernen Kunst und Kultur gehört die Form kurzum nicht mehr zur Vision, sondern mit ihrer manufakturellen Arthritis allenfalls ins Altersheim. Ihre Antworten auf die Vergänglichkeit des Lebens und die Mobilisierung der Schicksale der Menschen reimen sich in der Regel auf das Wort passé; hierbei schöpft das Zeitalter seine neue Kraft gerade aus der Verdunstung ihrer grund- legenden Attribute: Artefaktheit, formale Inventivität und autoritativen Präsenz. Eben entsprechend der lokalen Erfahrung des Internet-Geschäftslebens, dass das Wort nicht mehr Fleisch zu werden braucht, wenn es auf andere Weisen erreicht, dass das Fleisch zu Wort kommt. Die Teilnehmer des slowenisch-deutschen Symposiums „Kaj pomeni forma v postmoderni umetnosti? / Was heisst Form in einer postmodernen Kunst?“, das vom 9. bis zum 11. Oktober 2006 im Center Evropa (Europazentrum) in Ljubljana stattfand, verfolgten diese Ziele: eine kritische Reflexion über den Aktionsradius einer solchen „Umwertung der Werte“ und insbesondere eine Hinterfragung ihrer praktischen, theoretischen und anthropologischen Konsequenzen. Und das noch besonders, weil ein Zeitalter bekanntlich nicht nur dadurch geprägt wird, was im Manövergebiet des Willens, der Vorstellungen und der selbstverschriebenen Therapien geschieht, sondern auch durch den regulativen Strom der sogenannten „Wirklichkeit“, die parallel zu uns, doch in einem strikten Verhältnis zur Welt die Topographie des Angemessenen zeichnet; dadurch ergreift sie auch das Wort Phainomena xvii / 66–67 Kunst und Form bei der Entscheidung, ob das, was im Bereich von Vorstellungen und Anstren- gungen selbstzufrieden ist, auch das Angemessenste für die Welt ist.1 Da sich die Angemessenheit von Anstrengungen in der Matrix der Wirklichkeit nicht aus dem Selbstverhältnis (d.h. aus der Selbstzufriedenheit), sondern aus dem Verhältnis dieser Anstrengungen zur archetypischen Matrix der Welt und des menschlichen Potentials konstituiert, findet die (Un-)Gewolltheit zeitgenössischer formoklasti- scher und transformer Strategien in ihrem Rahmen nicht nur eine willige Grund- lage für ihre Unternehmungen, sondern auch eine entsprechende Gegenkraft der reflexiven Fragen nach der Angemessenheit. Es ist einerseits selbstverständlich, dass die bildende Kunst heute angesichts der durch neue Umstände und „neue Medien“ entstandenen Herausforderungen nicht länger ohne weiteres nach herkömmlichen Formkonzeptionen oder bewährten formalen Repertoires greifen kann. Andererseits wird aber gerade durch diese Tatsache das selbstverständliche und gleichgültige Verhältnis zu der Frage, was die „Form“ – als Phänomen und Konzept – im Zusammenhang mit der heutigen Kunst (und der Kunst allgemein) überhaupt noch bedeutet, mit immer stärkerer 6 Dringlichkeit beseitigt.2 Versinkt der tiefste Wunsch der Kunst heute wirklich unvermeidlich in dem anorexischen Wunsch, „keine Form zu haben“? Was bedeutet es eigentlich genau, „keine Form haben“? Kann man in einer Zeit von Reibungen zwischen der alt- medialen und der neumedialen Kultur überhaupt noch verbindlich von „Form“ sprechen und dabei Darstellungen der Form als eines „Unbehagens a priori“ ver- meiden? Wovon befreit uns das In-Klammern-Setzen der artefakthaften Form – und wovon nicht? Ist der Prozess die einzige anthropologische Alternative, die unter den gegenwärtigen Umständen den Schritt mit der Flüchtigkeit und Ver- gänglichkeit des Lebens zu halten vermag? Wie universell ist der Aktionsradius des Formoklasmus und wie bildet er unsere Vorstellung darüber, was Kunst ist? Haben formerzeugende Motive in der Zukunft noch eine Chance? – Diese und ähnliche Fragen versuchten die theoretischen Diskussionen, die hier dem Leser zur Überlegung geboten werden, zu eröffnen und zu thematisieren. Und zwar in der alleinigen Hoffnung, dass sie bei ihm – wie zuvor bei den Autoren selbst – si- multan einen soliden und bescheidenen Geist der Empirie erwecken werden, der 1 Inspiriert durch Peter Sloterdijk, Eurotaoismus. Zur Kritik der politischen Kinetik, Frank- furt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1989, S. 239–240. 2 Dabei ist darauf hinzuweisen, dass sich eine ähnliche Frage – allerdings in anderem Um- fang und unter verständlicherweise erheblich anderen Umständen – vor fast genau 18 Jahren auch ein internationales Kolloquium unter dem Titel „Form“ stellte, welches vom Slowenischen Verein für Ästhetik in Ljubljana veranstaltet wurde (11.– 12. Oktober 1990); Vgl. Aleš Erjavec & Vojislav Likar (Hg.), Form, Ljubljana 1991 [Sondernummer der Zeit- schrift Filozofski vestnik 1 (1991)]. Jožef Muhovič nicht zögert, sich vorurteilsfrei in den postmodernen formoklastischen Trubel zu begeben, welcher das Ende der Form und den Beginn einer neuen Kunst verkün- det, sowie einen soliden und bescheidenen Geist der Kritik, der im Medium einer besonnenen Intelligenz nicht zögert, auch gegen den Strom der postmodernen Süchtigkeit nach Aktualismus zu schreiten, wenn dieser nur das als wirklich/ harmonisch/angemessen anzuerkennen vermag, was selbstzufrieden ist oder sich durch mediales Meinungs-Engineering durchgesetzt hat. Im Voraus kann ich sagen, dass keiner der Autoren gänzlich zufrieden ist mit der Auffassung der Form, auf die er in seinem Fachbereich trifft. Die gängige Auffassung erscheint ihnen allen entweder zu starr und routiniert oder zu exten- siv (fuzzy) und unverbindlich. Es ist somit nicht verwunderlich, dass sie sich in ihren Abhandlungen über den Status der Form für eine Metanoia, eine neue Sicht und ein Umdenken, einsetzen und die „Wahrheit“ des künstlerischen Schaffens „irgendwo zwischen“ der herkömmlichen Auffassung der Form und den expo- nierten anti- und a-formen Bemühungen der heutigen Zeit suchen, aus denen von Zeit zu Zeit abenteuerliche Siege des Bewusstseins über die schwerfällige und langsame Welt der Formalität in einer euphorischen Tonalität zu Wort zu 7 kommen versuchen. Dass der Sammelband „Kunst und Form“ in der vorliegenden Form das Licht der Welt erblicken konnte (die slowenische Fassung erschien 2007 beim Verlag Nova revija in Ljubljana), ist natürlich in erster Linie das Verdienst der Autoren, die mit Neugier, Gelehrsamkeit und Inventivität eine Reflexion über das moderne Kunstgeschehen in Angriff nahmen, ihre Einsichten und Standpunkte mit Geduld und intellektuellem Trotz zu Worten und Aufsätzen verdichteten und darüber hinaus bereit waren, diese unter Verzicht auf Honorare uneigennützig mit uns zu teilen. Besonderer Dank gilt auch der Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung in Bonn, die im Rahmen einer Institutspartnerschaft (zwischen der Akademie der bildenden Künste der Universität Ljubljana und der Kunsthochschule Kassel) das wissenschaftliche Projekt der Erforschung der Problematik der Form in der Kunst und in dessen Rahmen auch die Veranstaltung des Symposiums, in dem die hier veröffentlichten Abhandlungen der Öffentlichkeit vorgestellt und diskutiert wur- den, finanziell förderte. Kein geringerer Dank gebührt dem Kulturministerium der Republik Slowenien, das die Übersetzungen der Beiträge in die beiden Ar- beitssprachen des Symposiums mitfinanzierte, und natürlich auch der Zeitschrift Phainomena, die dem Sammelwerk im Rahmen ihrer internationalen Edition grosszügig ihr renommiertes publizistisches Dach anbot. Der Herausgeber Phainomena xvii / 66–67 Kunst und Form Dean Komel Zur Erfahrung der Kunst (Ein Versuch) Für die Philosophie ist es heute allerdings keine leichte Aufgabe, über das 9 Kunstwerk bzw. über die wesentliche Anwesenheit der Kunst zu sprechen. Es stellt sich dabei die Frage, ob und inwieweit das überhaupt möglich ist. Es gilt – sowohl seitens der Kunst als auch seitens der Philosophie – diese Möglichkeit selbst als mögliche hinterzufragen. Die Schwierigkeit der Frage liegt nicht nur darin, dass die zeitgenössische Ästhetik und Kunsttheorie im Grunde durch das Bemühen um eine Abgrenzung von überlieferten philoso- phischen Auffassungen der Kunst gekennzeichnet sind. Über die Angemes- senheit und Reichweite solcher Abgrenzungen liesse sich über kurz und lang diskutieren. Das Gewicht der Frage steckt vielmehr im gegenwärtigen Prozess der künstlerischen Produktion und der dadurch bedingten Anwesenheit von Kunstwerken. Kurz: Kunstwerke werden heute prozessiert, um auf die Art und Weise der Produkte produziert und konsumiert zu werden. Das künstlerische Schaffen ist etwas geworden, was strenggenommen weniger als Produktion ist, und das Kunstwerk ist dazu etwas geworden, was weniger als Produkt ist. Es stimmt zwar, dass für die Kunst seit eh und je nicht gewusst wurde, ob sie unterhalb der Realität zu rangieren
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