Outstanding Performance of an Invasive Alien Tree Bischofia Javanica Relative to Native Tree Species and Implications for Management of Insular Primary Forests
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Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Zanthoxylum Limonella (Rutaceae): a Review
Supabphol & Tangjitjareonkun Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research December 2014; 13 (12): 2119-2130 ISSN: 1596-5996 (print); 1596-9827 (electronic) © Pharmacotherapy Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, 300001 Nigeria. All rights reserved. Available online at http://www.tjpr.org http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v13i12.25 Review Article Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Zanthoxylum limonella (Rutaceae): A Review Roongtawan Supabphol1 and Janpen Tangjitjareonkun2* 1Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, 2Department of Basic Science and Physical Education, Faculty of Science at Si Racha, Kasetsart University, Si Racha Campus, Chonburi 20230, Thailand *For correspondence: Email: [email protected] Received: 9 December 2013 Revised accepted: 20 October 2014 Abstract Zanthoxylum limonella belongs to the family of aromatic deciduous trees and shrubs, Rutaceae. In traditional medicine practice, various parts of Z. limonella are used for the treatment of dental caries, febrifugal, sudorific, rheumatism, diuretic, stomach ache and diarrhea. Secondary metabolites have been isolated the stems, stem barks, and fruits. The plant contains alkaloid, amide, lignin, coumarin and terpenoid compounds. The extracts of the various parts, essential oil from the fruits and some pure compounds of Z. limonella have been found to have biological activities, for example, mosquito repellent and mosquito larvicidal, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antitumour properties. -
Discovery of Geodorum Densiflorum (Orchidaceae) on the Ogasawara
Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Ser. B, 38(3), pp. 131–137, August 22, 2012 Discovery of Geodorum densiflorum (Orchidaceae) on the Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands: A Case of Ongoing Colonisation Subsequent to Long-distance Dispersal Tomohisa Yukawa1,* Dairo Kawaguchi2, Akitsugu Mukai2 and Yoshiteru Komaki3 1 Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4–1–1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–0005, Japan 2 Ogasawara Branch Office, Bureau of General Affairs, Tokyo Metropolitan Government, Hahajima, Ogasawara-mura, Tokyo 100–2211, Japan 3 Botanical Gardens, University of Tokyo, 3–7–1 Hakusan, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112–0001, Japan * E-mail: [email protected] (Received 31 May 2012; accepted 26 June 2012) Abstract Geodorum densiflorum (Lam.) Schltr. (Orchidaceae) is newly recorded for the Ogasawara Islands, Japan. The species was found on Mukoujima Island, Hahajima Group, where only a single population of 108 individuals occurs. This case probably represents recent long-distance dispersal. Regular monitoring in the future may allow the process of colonisation of an oceanic island to be documented. Key words : colonisation, Geodorum densiflorum, Japan, long-distance dispersal, new record, Ogasawara Islands, Orchidaceae. recorded from the Ogasawara Islands. Following Identification of a Geodorum species from the regular surveys, flowering plants were found on Ogasawara Islands 20 August 2011 (Fig. 2). The Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands are an archi- The plants are identifiable as Geodorum densi- pelago of about 30 subtropical islands, situated florum (Lam.) Schltr. (Fig. 3) but the taxonomic 1,000 km south of Tokyo (Fig. 1). They are oce- status of this entity is still not stabilized (e.g., anic islands formed around 48 million years ago. -
Ogasawara) Islands
Juvenile Height Growth in the Subtropical Evergreen Broad- Title Leaved Forest at Chichijima in the Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands Author(s) Shimizu, Yoshikazu Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyoto University. Series of Citation biology. New series (1985), 10(1): 63-72 Issue Date 1985-03 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/258871 Right Type Departmental Bulletin Paper Textversion publisher Kyoto University lrV{EMoll(s ol? Tl•IE FAcul,.Ty ol; SCrENcE, Kyorro UNIvERslTy, SERIEs oF BIoLoGy Vol. X, pp. 63-72, March 1985 Juvenile Height Growth in the Subtrepical Evergreen Broad-Leaved Forest at Chichijima in the Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands By YOSHIKA7..U SHIMIZV Laboratory for Piant Ecological Studies, Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606 (Received August 25, 1984•) Abstract. Juvenile height growth of l9 species (277 individuais in total) was measured annually fi'om 1977 to 1982 in a forest, 5-6 m high, dominated by Distylium lepidotttm, at Chichljima. Juveniles ofmain canopy trees showed the rate o{' height growth, not more than 2 cmfyear, which was lower than that of the shrub and the second-layer species. The death of terminal shoots and the occurrence of new leaders were frequently observed in a}most all species. The sharp decrease in the annual height growth and the increase in the death rate occurred in 198e or l981 in many species in parallel, which was attributed to the unusual drought in the sumrner of l980. An introduced pieneer species, Pintts ltttchnensis, has been invading the forest which is thought to be in the stable climax stage of succession. The height growth rate of the pine juveniles, l9.9 cmlyear, was much higher than any other native component species. -
GRZEGORZ WÓJCIK — Wstępna Ocena Mrozoodporności Wybranych
ROCZNIK DENDROLOGICZNY Vol. 55 – 2007 • 159-164 GRZEGORZ WÓJCIK Wstępna ocena mrozoodporności wybranych gatunków z rodzaju Zanthoxylum L. (Rutaceae) w Ogrodzie Roślin Leczniczych we Wrocławiu Preliminary evaluation of frost resistance of selected species from the genus Zanthoxylum L. (Rutaceae) in Medicinal Plant Garden in Wroclaw Ogród Roślin Leczniczych Akademii Medycznej we Wrocławiu ul. J. Kochanowskiego 12, 51-601 Wrocław Medicinal Plant’s Garden, Wroclaw Medical University 12 J. Kochanowskiego Street, 51-601 Wrocław, Poland email: [email protected] Received: 13 July 2007, Accepted: 30 August 2007 ABSTRACT: Species of the family Rutaceae are of great importance because they contain farmacologically active compounds of different chemical structure. In the period of 2003-2006 preliminary studies on frost resistance of selected species from the genus Zanthoxylum were conducted. Juvenile specimens raised from seeds were investigated as well as those planted in 1990-ties in Medicinal Plant Garden in Wroclaw. An high frost resistance of older specimens of Z. piperitum, Z. schinifolium, Z. simulans was confirmed, while younger specimens as well Z. bungeanum required frost protection to survive winter. Z. planispinum showed little frost resistance and its specimens despite application of frost protection did not survive the winter (zone Z6). Individuals of Z. ailanthoides (zone Z9) definitely lacks any frost resistance. Key words: acclimatization, trees, shrubs, Prickly Ash, Zanthoxylum Wstęp Rodzaj Zanthoxylum (polska nazwa – żółtodrzew) reprezentowany jest przez około 250 gatunków rosnących głównie w strefie tropikalnej i subtropikalnej w Azji, Afryce, Australii i Ameryce Północnej. W Chinach występuje 41 gatun- ków, z czego 25 gatunków to endemity (Dianxiang, Hartley 2007), a w Ameryce Północnej – 6 gatunków (Krüssmann 1978, Huxley 1999). -
Forest Structures, Composition, and Distribution on a Pacific Island, with Reference to Ecological Release and Speciation!
Pacific Science (1991), vol. 45, no. 1: 28-49 © 1991 by University of Hawaii Press. All rights reserved Forest Structures, Composition, and Distribution on a Pacific Island, with Reference to Ecological Release and Speciation! YOSHIKAZU SHIMIZU2 AND HIDEO TABATA 3 ABSTRACT: Native forest and scrub of Chichijima, the largest island in the Bonins, were classified into five types based on structural features: Elaeocarpus Ardisia mesic forest, 13-16 m high, dominated by Elaeocarpus photiniaefolius and Ardisia sieboldii; Pinus-Schima mesic forest, 12-16 m high, consisting of Schima mertensiana and an introduced pine , Pinus lutchuensis; Rhaphiolepis Livistonia dry forest, 2-6 m high, mainly occupied by Rhaphiolepis indica v. integerrima; Distylium-Schima dry forest, 3-8 m high, dominated by Distylium lepidotum and Schima mertensiana; and Distylium-Pouteria dry scrub, 0.3 1.5 m high, mainly composed of Distylium lepidotum. A vegetation map based on this classification was developed. Species composition and structural features of each type were analyzed in terms of habitat condition and mechanisms of regeneration. A group of species such as Pouteria obovata, Syzgygium buxifo lium, Hibiscus glaber, Rhaphiolepis indica v. integerrima, and Pandanus boninen sis, all with different growth forms from large trees to stunted shrubs, was subdominant in all vegetation types. Schima mertensiana , an endemic pioneer tree, occurred in both secondary forests and climax forests as a dominant canopy species and may be an indication of "ecological release," a characteristic of oceanic islands with poor floras and little competitive pressure. Some taxonomic groups (Callicarpa, Symplocos, Pittosporum, etc.) have speciated in the under story of Distylium-Schima dry forest and Distylium-Pouteria dry scrub. -
Number 3, Spring 1998 Director’S Letter
Planning and planting for a better world Friends of the JC Raulston Arboretum Newsletter Number 3, Spring 1998 Director’s Letter Spring greetings from the JC Raulston Arboretum! This garden- ing season is in full swing, and the Arboretum is the place to be. Emergence is the word! Flowers and foliage are emerging every- where. We had a magnificent late winter and early spring. The Cornus mas ‘Spring Glow’ located in the paradise garden was exquisite this year. The bright yellow flowers are bright and persistent, and the Students from a Wake Tech Community College Photography Class find exfoliating bark and attractive habit plenty to photograph on a February day in the Arboretum. make it a winner. It’s no wonder that JC was so excited about this done soon. Make sure you check of themselves than is expected to seedling selection from the field out many of the special gardens in keep things moving forward. I, for nursery. We are looking to propa- the Arboretum. Our volunteer one, am thankful for each and every gate numerous plants this spring in curators are busy planting and one of them. hopes of getting it into the trade. preparing those gardens for The magnolias were looking another season. Many thanks to all Lastly, when you visit the garden I fantastic until we had three days in our volunteers who work so very would challenge you to find the a row of temperatures in the low hard in the garden. It shows! Euscaphis japonicus. We had a twenties. There was plenty of Another reminder — from April to beautiful seven-foot specimen tree damage to open flowers, but the October, on Sunday’s at 2:00 p.m. -
Direct Impacts of Seabird Predators on Island Biota Other Than Seabirds D.R
4 Direct Impacts of Seabird Predators on Island Biota other than Seabirds D.R. Drake, T.W. Bodey, J.e. Russell, D.R. Towns, M. Nogales, and L. Ruffino Introduction "... I have not found a single instance .. , ofa terrestrial mammal inhabiting an island situated above 300 miles from a continent or great continental island; and many islands situated at a much less distance are equally barren:' (DARWIN 1859) "He who admits the doctrine of special creation ofeach species, will have to admit, that a sufficient number ofthe best adapted plants and animals have not been created on oceanic islands; for man has unintentionally stocked them from various sources far more fully and perfectly than has nature:' (DARWIN 1859) Since Darwin's time, islands have been celebrated for having highly endemic floras and faunas, in which certain taxonomic groups are typically overrepresented or underrepresented relative to their abundance on the nearest continents (Darwin 1859, Wallace 1911, Carlquist 1974, Whittaker and Fermindez-Palacios 2007). Sadly, island endemics in many taxonomic groups have suffered a disproportionately large number ofthe world's extinctions, and introduced mammals have frequently been implicated in their decline and disappearance (Vitousek 1988, Flannery and Schouten 2001, Drake et al. 2002, Courchamp et al. 2003, Steadman 2006). Of the many mammalian predators introduced to islands, those having the most important impact on seabirds are cats, foxes, pigs, rats, mice, and, to a lesser extent, dogs and mongooses (discussed extensively in Chapter 3). These predators can be divided into two groups: superpredators and mesopredators. Superpredators (e.g., cats and foxes) are carnivores, relatively large, and able to consume all life stages oftheir prey (including other, smaller predator species). -
To the Living Collections at the National Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin (T to Z)
Index to the Living collections at the National Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin (T to Z) Tanacetum argenteum (XX.012208 - RRA, RRC; 2011.0510 - RRP), Tanacetum densum subsp. amani (2012.0577 - AB; 1970.0797 - RRA; 2008.2279 - RRB; 1970.0797 - RRC; 2008.2279 - RRP), Tanacetum macrophyllum (XX.010778 - Fam3), Taraxacum pamiricum (1994.0288 - AY-B03), Taxodium distichum (1926.009958 - P5; XX.013850 - P6), Taxodium distichum var. imbricatum 'Nutans' (1979.0327 - P5), Taxodium mucronatum (XX.008930 - P5), Taxus baccata (XX.013859 - A5N; 2001.0391 - RRG(w); XX.014200 - RRL; XX.014201 - RRL; XX.014202 - RRL; XX.014203 - RRL; XX. 014204 - RRL; XX.006552 - TX; XX.006559 - TX; XX.006560 - TX; XX.006583 - TX; XX.006596 - TX; XX. 001100 - VG; XX.009509 - VG, VG, VG, VG; XX.009513 - VG, VG; XX.009539 - VG), Taxus baccata 'Adpressa Aurea' (1886.006605 - TX), Taxus baccata 'Adpressa Erecta' (1969.0452 - TX), Taxus baccata 'Argentea' (XX.006607 - TX), Taxus baccata Aurea Group (XX.006574 - TX; XX.006581 - TX), Taxus baccata 'Aurea Pendula' (XX.005491 - P2, P2; XX.006539 - TX), Taxus baccata 'Barronii' (XX.006606 - TX), Taxus baccata 'Densa' (XX.006608 - TX), Taxus baccata 'Densifolia' (XX.006563 - TX), Taxus baccata 'Dovastoniana' (XX.006550 - P2), Taxus baccata 'Dovastonii Aurea' (XX.006551 - TX; XX. 006565 - TX), Taxus baccata 'Dovastonii Major' (XX.006582 - TX; XX.006599 - TX), Taxus baccata 'Elegantissima' (XX.005492 - TX), Taxus baccata 'Erecta' (1921.006578 - TX), Taxus baccata 'Fastigiata' (XX.013638 - C2-W; XX.011179 - R4; XX.010844 - R5; XX.010833 - R6; XX.006562 - TX), Taxus baccata 'Fastigiata Aurea' (XX.010845 - R5; XX.010834 - R6; XX.006536 - TX; XX.006547 - TX; XX.006555 - TX; XX.006564 - TX), Taxus baccata 'Fisheri' (XX.006546 - TX), Taxus baccata 'Gracilis Pendula' (XX. -
Endemic Land Snail Fauna (Mollusca) on a Remote Peninsula in the Ogasawara Archipelago, Northwestern Pacific1
Endemic Land Snail Fauna (Mollusca) on a Remote Peninsula in the Ogasawara Archipelago, Northwestern Pacific1 Satoshi Chiba2,3, Angus Davison,4 and Hideaki Mori3 Abstract: Historically, the Ogasawara Archipelago harbored more than 90 na- tive land snail species, 90% of which were endemic. Unfortunately, about 40% of the species have already gone extinct across the entire archipelago. On Haha- jima, the second-largest island and the one on which the greatest number of species was recorded, more than 50% of species are thought to have been lost. We report here the results of a recent survey of the snails of a remote peninsula, Higashizaki, on the eastern coast of Hahajima. Although the peninsula is small (@0.3 km2) and only part is covered by forest (<0.1 km2), we found 12 land snail species, all of which are endemic to Ogasawara. Among these species, five had been thought to already be extinct on Hahajima, including Ogasawarana yoshi- warana and Hirasea acutissima. Of the former, there has been no record since its original description in 1902. Except for the much larger island of Anijima and the main part of Hahajima, no single region on the Ogasawara Archipelago maintains as great a number of native land snail species. It is probable that the land snail fauna of the Higashizaki Peninsula is exceptionally well preserved be- cause of a lack of anthropogenic disturbance and introduced species. In some circumstances, even an extremely small area can be an important and effective refuge for threatened land snail faunas. The native land snail fauna of the Pacific one such example: of 95 recorded species, islands is one of the most seriously endan- more than 90% are endemic (Kuroda 1930, gered faunas in the world (e.g., Murray et al. -
3 Plants for Chemotherapy of Neoplastic Diseases
3 Plants for Chemotherapy of Neoplastic Diseases GENERAL CONCEPT Each year in the United States more than 1 million people are diagnosed with cancer, and about 500,000 people die from the disease. For the most part, the reason that cancer is a fatal disease is that cancer cells can invade through, and metastasize to, distant organs in the body. The hallmarks of malignant neoplastic tissue are unregulated cell proliferation, invasiveness, and metastasis to distant sites in the body. Surgery and radiotherapy can eradicate localized tumors but may fail because the cancer may have metastasized to other areas of the body; chemotherapy, if used properly, may control or eliminate metastasis. The array of drugs used for the treatment of cancer includes antimetabolites (methotrexate [Trexall®]), fluoouracil (Efudex®), mercaptopurine (Puri-Nethol®), cytarabine (Cytosar®), covalent DNA-binding drugs (nitrogen mustards, alkylating agents), noncovalent binding drugs (anthracyclines), antiestrogens, and inhibitors of chromatin function. Examples of inhibitors of chromatin function derived from flowering plants (Fig. 80) are etoposide (lignan) and alkaloids camptothecin, Vinca alkaloids, and 7 epitaxol. The rhi- zome of Podophyllum peltatum L. (May apple, Berberidaceae) has been used to remove warts and to relieve the bowels from costiveness since very early times. It contains podophyllo- toxin, a cytotoxic lignan from which etoposide (Vepesid®), which is used to treat lung cancer, lymphomas, and leukemias on account of its ability to inhibit the activity of From: Ethnopharmacology of Medicinal Plants: Asia and the Pacific Edited by: C. Wiart © Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ 155 156 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS: ASIA AND THE PACIFIC topoisomerase, has been semisynthetically developed Attempts to verify the reputed anti- diabetic property of Catharanthus roseus G. -
Appendix 1. List of Vascular Plants in Natural Habitat of Lonicera Harae
Korean J. Plant Res. 34(4) : 297~310(2021) Appendix 1. List of vascular plants in Natural habitat of Lonicera harae Scientific name and Korean name / Scientific name and Korean name / Family Family Collection and Photo Number Collection and Photo Number Ophioglossaceae Sceptridium ternatum 고사리삼 FMCLH-001 Polygonaceae Persicaria vulgaris 봄여뀌 FMCLH-039 Osmundaceae Osmunda japonica 고비 FMCLH-002 Phytolaccaceae Phytolacca americana 미국자리공 FMCLH-040 Dennstaedtiaceae Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum 고사리 FMCLH-003 Portulacaceae Portulaca oleracea 쇠비름 FMCLH-041 Dryopteridaceae Polystichum tripteron 십자고사리 FMCLH-004 Pseudostellaria heterophylla 개별꽃 FMCLH-042 Caryophyllaceae Abies holophylla 전나무 FMCLH-005 Stellaria media 별꽃 FMCLH-043 Pinaceae Larix kaempferi 일본잎갈나무 FMCLH-006 Amaranthaceae Achyranthes japonica 쇠무릎 FMCLH-044 Pinus densiflora 소나무 FMCLH-007 Magnoliaceae Magnolia sieboldii 함박꽃나무 FMCLH-045 Cupressaceae Chamaecyparis obtusa 편백 FMCLH-008 Cinnamomum camphora 녹나무 FMCLH-046 Juglandaceae Platycarya strobilacea 굴피나무 FMCLH-009 Lindera erythrocarpa 비목나무 FMCLH-047 Lauraceae Salix babylonica 수양버들 FMCLH-010 Lindera obtusiloba 생강나무 FMCLH-048 Salicaceae Salix koreensis 버드나무 FMCLH-011 Litsea japonica 까마귀쪽나무 FMCLH-049 Castanea crenata 서어나무 FMCLH-012 Cercidiphyllaceae Cercidiphyllum japonicum 계수나무 FMCLH-050 Betulaceae Corylus heterophylla 개암나무 FMCLH-013 Adonis amurensis 복수초 FMCLH-051 Castanea crenata 밤나무 FMCLH-014 Clematis apiifolia 사위질빵 FMCLH-052 Ranunculaceae Quercus acutissima 상수리나무 FMCLH-015 Clematis terniflora var. mandshurica 으아리 FMCLH-053 Fagaceae Quercus aliena 갈참나무 FMCLH-016 Thalictrum filamentosum var. tenerum 산꿩의다리 FMCLH-054 Quercus glauca 종가시나무 FMCLH-017 Lardizabalaceae Akebia quinata 으름덩굴 FMCLH-055 Quercus variabilis 굴참나무 FMCLH-018 Chloranthaceae Chloranthus japonicus 홀아비꽃대 FMCLH-056 Aphananthe aspera 푸조나무 FMCLH-019 Aristolochiaceae Aristolochia contorta 쥐방울덩굴 FMCLH-057 Celtis sinensis 팽나무 FMCLH-020 Asarum sieboldii 족도리풀 FMCLH-058 Ulmus davidiana var. -
Long-Term Changes in the Dominance of Drought Tolerant Trees Reflect Climate Trends on a Micronesian Island
Asian Plant Research Journal 1(1): 1-7, 2018; Article no.APRJ.41572 Long-Term Changes in the Dominance of Drought Tolerant Trees Reflect Climate Trends on a Micronesian Island Marc D. Abrams1*, Yoshikazu Shimizu2 and Atsushi Ishida3 1Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 307 Forest Resources Bldg., PA 16802, USA. 2Komazawa University, 1-23-1 Komazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 154-8525, Japan. 3Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, 2 Hirano, Otsu, Shiga 520-2113, Japan. Authors’ contributions This work was carried out in collaboration between all authors. Author YS designed the study, collected most of the data, performed the statistical analysis and wrote the protocol. Author MDA help design the study and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Authors YS and AI managed the analyses of the study. Author AI formulated the species functional attributes. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Article Information DOI: 10.9734/APRJ/2018/v1i1568 Editor(s): (1) Vineet Kaswan, Assistant Professor, Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Gujarat, India. Reviewers: (1) Nebi Bilir, Suleyman Demirel University, Turkey. (2) Blas Lotina-Hennsen, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico. (3) Kamal I. Mohamed, State University of New York at Oswego, USA. Complete Peer review History: http://www.sciencedomain.org/review-history/24940 Received 15th March 2018 th Short Research Article Accepted 24 May 2018 Published 2nd June 2018 ABSTRACT Background: The Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands of Micronesia lie in the western Pacific Ocean and are unique in terms of their isolation, climate, soils and diversity of rare plant species.