Pg251 296.Pdf

1. A. dť]Ŷ ȇJ\ _ǘũ dť]Ŷ A. ȇJ\ _ǘũ

ǷfR_¡Ɣ a\di dŵĵĺf_¡ 60 Ȁeȴ d3aRŸĸf_¡ ȎfǳŵC¡O¦, [3ǩ [VdiVŤ aŵĥŠ 55 WZƔ d3aRŸĸf_¡ ȀeV ĵ]Ū 6T]ŶEkľQ 32 [ĲċeȻ d3aRŸĸf_¡ Ȁeȴ T3WR§_¡ >ĥ²ÓC C¡[] O¦ 30 d[ƕR d3aRŸĸf_¡ [ĲċeȻ ĵ]Ū, HTia, d3ȎfŐ]3 9VŤ 6UiǵC \aǳ 10 ĺfdi, [Ui ĥ ǽ3HC¡3Ĭ [ĲċeȻ T3WR§_ ĳg_ų _¡ 65 ĺ±3CMÎbŵ]ĸfa, 5VŤW®]ş d3aRŸĸf_¡ [ĲċeȻ T3WR§_ Ƿû] Eĺfĸ²ÓV ĳg_ų _ R3Ĭ,Ɣ Rȃų 45 ȎfEȻ d3aRŸĸf_¡ Ĩ_ ĥf_3 ĥƘRĶÉ A EJĸfǴ C¡M3Y3ĮČ aǩŖ 5Ķ¸ĸĥf_Đ Ľţ]g WĬV aŪĥŠ __5[\C¡O¦ 60 WĥfɁƔ d3aRŸĸf_¡ Ȁeȴ ĽÐŤľR§O¦ 5Ķ¸ĸĥf_Đ Ľg]ţWĬVĺfO¦ 65 -- ĦĆǷf_Ckcş d3aRŸĸf_¡ Įm_3ĦfQ ĺfdiO¦ ȇĽgM3EsȈȎfǾT aǩŖVĺfO¦ 30 -- Ȏfķ d3aRŸĸf_¡ [ĲċeȻ ĽÐŤľR§O¦

(Įm] Ǵ\ĦfĲÂ ĺfdi C3W®MȻ [3Ti C¥ĸôŖǵ WZƔ : Ĳ Ļf]ţ3 ĥfĺfȃ. 93MO¦. Ȁeȴ WdŠC3 HTiaC¡3M£ 93MO¦. WZƔ ȎčǸf_Đ İĦf_¡Ħf C¥ĸôŖǵ ĺfdi ĺ±uĳÐ HjdjŠ 93M3İ) Ȁeȴ: E¢EȽ Ĭȫ ĥfȹ 5ǵ 93M3İ. İĲċų ĥ ĺ±ȅŴ Ľ¿ȻŖ 5ǵ 93M3İ 5İ ĥųȡ ĨnĽŠÐ İp] C¡R§3İ. WZƔ : >a3Ĭ WZƔ : Ĩ_Ìų :] ĥą3Ĭ. ĺfO_ 6 OYŧ [3Ti, Ȁeȴ: (WdŠC3_Đ3ǩ R_RŠC¡3ĬĲÂ) ĨmWť3Ĭ. [Vǽ_ 8 ȎčǸf_Đų ȇEȏ_Ƙ ų C¥ĸĆŖĬǵĥf _ǖ_¡ D] Ŗĳ¿Mś C¡ǵ 73Ĭ\Vi3ǩ 9] C¡_¡, W] E_¡ WZƔ : ĲÂVi Ĳ±_VŤ]Ħf HjdiŠ ĲŤVi 8 ĺfdiĦfO¦ 6 ĳ¿O¦R© aǩŖ3İ. OYŧ[3Ti 5_ 9_¡C¥, W_¡C¥ _ÌC¡3Ĭ C¥] ŖĲÂ 93MO¦. > a3İ 6 OYŧ_Đ? Ȁeȴ: I :] ĥą... 9] C¡_¡, W] E_¡ ĳ¿O¦R© ĸfaM3 >3M? ȇ[V3_ĐCİ aĨŖ3. Ȁeȴ: 6aĥf\Vi3ǩ 5WťĬ_İĥf d[dŠ WW3H3Ɣ 93İ. ǶĥÃ3 ĥfĺfȃ? WZƔ : (ĥąW3Ħf) Jćĥf.. ĲCd_Ì @`¨ų [3O¦ĮČ3İ.. Ǿ

2008 253 9¡ó 9¡£Ý ȆÙȯĒó £Ý ȆÙȯĒğ(ğ:)ȪÛ(:)ȪÛ 2008 :ȪÛ:ȪÛ_ġh^c_ġh^cţþ ÍGţþh7ģGÍG h7ģG ĥóO¦C¥, ĥąO_ÌȀ ǵT_ÌdjƔ Š ĲÂ ȎfŤĲ_¡ C¥Ĭ [ĲċeȻ: (WĺƔ ÂȋdjŠ ) >3M[ũ >ĺ±u3İ? Ĩn\C¡3Ĭ W] E_¡. ȈĬnȀ 8 OYŧĦĆ_. 7e..([Ui Ĩmȇ_Đ ĺfȡ Ķȴ¸ ĮČ ĬŪȴŸ ĨndjŠ WĺƔ ÂȋȎfŠ O¦.. 73Ħųc§ WZƔ : >[aO3 >3Mĸf? Ĳǿe3. ĲC¡ [¢Ūǭȡ eȹ ĨndiŠ , Ľś¿WǕ_¡ ĺÂdjŠ aǩŖ ȏȺ ĳgĨmŖĥŐǷčĮČ3İĸf [ĲċeȻ! 5VŤMų Ħf ĨnĮČŠ 5ǻVķ3ǩ _ĐWȃĥ ĺ±`ĮO¦.) V[ƕR: (WĺƔ ÂȋdjŠ ) ǷfW3 ǷûTiŢ MŤ3Ǫ ĮČHMų ÎTiĥfYĎ_¡.. WZƔ : 7İ a]d. 8 [ĮƔ ǵĥ [V3 7CŐO İĥf ĸfaO3 Ȏfĸ 5RŠ\Ū.. =3Tiĥą ĲĥÃ3 5]ţ3ĥfaO3_ÌTi..CǶd3 =Ti] Ħf ĨmMś3R [Vic§_¡ĲŤ]VŤ ıŪĽÐ 93OTi. 5dȄ İC¡Ő[ȃV [ĲċeȻ: V[ƕĮ, 5[ũ ĲVŤ_ĥ MĴgVi WMƔ .. OYŧ Cǵĳ¿MśV ĺfĹ¼ų aĸĆ ĨmǷfŠ ĸf? Ȏfȍfś 3EWQ[3Ɣ ĨnȎfŠ Vi. V[ƕR: 7WǕĬn ?Ti ǵǽȍf_Đų ĨnĽÐȎfŠ Vi..(_ĐWȃĥ ĺ±`ųYĎR§3İ, [UiĨmȇ_Đ ĺfC[ȴs ĳ¿Mś C¡ǵ C`¨ų Ȁeȴ: (ĥf`¨ų [3TiC¡Ĩĳg, RVĥ Ĩn\[VŤMś [¢diC¡ǵ 73Ħųc§ [¢Ūǭȡ eȹ ĨndjŠ aǩŖ V[ƕRĥ 5ǻVķȎfŠ O¦..) ĬɁ 7ȎfŠ O¦.)

WZƔ : ǾC¡ Vaŵ_MĦf 93İ.. ĲC¡ >O¦ǷûȎčŠ 3İ.. WZƔ : (ĥó3Ĩm3 EMśĦf 5] diŠ 3İ).. @ĸÃȺ, [Uj.. >3M3Ĭ 7İ? Ĳ_¡ĦÃ`Ŵķ3İ. Ȉ`Ŵǵ HjĽg.. =Ti] Ħf =a] ĲŤĸĆ Hjdiĥąĸf Ĳ\Ĳ.. Rĳg3ǩǷčR© aĨŖVi.. ĲV[ũ, ĲV[ũ 53M£ Ĳ ĥó3E aT_C¡3Ĭ ǳ] ER§3M]ǵ ĺf`ųǵ =_ V[ƕR: (ViTiMǾT ĨnĮČŠ ] TiŢ C¡3M£) [ĥ Ķ¸ÛVȻ d3ĮČcĳ¿Mś _ 5ǵ =ĲċŤ ĸȏ]ŸȽŸ ĺÂdiC¡ĲŤVi..(ĺfdi \ĥŸĬm3MŸ [[¢_Ì 5RŠ\Ū.. ǾĸÃ3 TEœ]Ħf VĬǩ) ĳgǩŖ ĺ±Ua ȈĬCd_¡ 8 ĦĆ_ RWť [ĸĆ D3Ħf] WOC3Ĭ. WW3H3Ɣ _ÌC¡3Ĭ ĨnĻf] 5d_¡ ǳMś ȃŸ3İ Ǿ ĥóO¦C¡Ƕ, ĥąOȄŤ. ĺfdi: ([ĸĆȎfĸ EMśĦf 5] djŠ O¦.)

ĺfdi: (EMśĦf 5] ȎfŠ O¦, ĳgĬĥȃ ǹĦ3ǩ, Ĩnķ WZƔ : 5YŧYŧ..([Uiǵ HjdjŠ ) ȈĬȂ ĻĒĥf_¡.. ĺfO¦ :WR©) \.. ? aȴ T ĦÃȹ ǷûȃĥÃC_¡.. >ȇM[ũ V[ƕĮ 7İ?

WZƔ : (9ȃĥŐWĬ ǩVŤĦf 5ĸǩ) 5Yŧ >3MƔ >Ķ¸Û3İ? V[ƕR: (VaŵR©.) ĺfO¦ ȈĬȂ ĦÃȹ 6O¦R§ĲŤO¦_»3Ĭ..( 53M£ _ĐWȃĥ ĺ±`¨R§3İ.) Ȁeȴ: 7WǕĬnĦf 5ĲŤa 9_¡C¥, W_¡C¥ _ÌC¡3Ĭ C¥ĸôŖǵ 9ĲŤ]ǵ, 53TiĥÃ... WZƔ : (ǵM£ś ] djŠ ) @CĹÍų Ȁ 5dŠ[V3 6 İC¡Ő[ȃV OYŧĥ 5R§C¡ŐǷčķ, 9VŤMś 3Ĭ ]3C_ÌdiŠ 3M] . WZƔ : 53TiCǵ 7_ ĦfaĥÃC_¡ ĳ¿Mś _? 73ĥóC] Ĩmȇ_Đ ĨmȇMǽcȴ _Ħf 7İpCM RĦȃ3HiC¡ǵ

254 2008 9¡ó £Ý ȆÙȯĒ ğ(:)ȪÛ 2008 :ȪÛ _ġh^c ţþ ÍG h7ģG 9¡ó £Ý ȆÙȯĒ ğ(:)ȪÛ :ȪÛ _ġh^c ţþ ÍG h7ģG 7_ ĻĒĥf_¡ ĳO¦R§3MO¦¿ .. WZƔ : 8 ĳgJŘ _Ì3Mĉ ĥóJŘ _ų Ħf.. ĲÂVi @ǩŖV TEœĸŤ3ǩ - [Uj..[Uj..ǵĲÂŤĸf..AȎfĸ ĸfĸf ĲTEœ]C¡. ([Ui HjdiŠ ĲŤVi.. WWǕ, Ĳ±ķŪ C_¡WC¡ǵ, ĥóĮŠ aĥf\ R_ :WR© ĬŪȴŸ ĨndjŠ 5M£, 7M£ ĺÂdiC¡ǵ @CŐ [TŢ ǳV_ÌTi ȈȅųTŢ]¤. ĳgJŘ _¡, Y·O¦Ɣ ŝ _¡, ǳ] ER§3MO¦.) ĥÃC¡_¡, ǪJs_¡.. ĲCd_¡ >Ǿ 5]ţ3 ĥfaO3_ÌTi.

Ȁeȴ: 6 ȀOȽŸ 53Įn ĺf`ųǵ aİ_»Ⱥ.. Ƕ ĥąO_¡ Ȁeȴ: İǵŤ 5Ķ¸ĸCȴ Ĭmuȫ 53M] .. MĴgVi ĮmǩŖ3İ ǳVi.. WZƔ : (MĴgVi ǳVC¡3Ĭ ĳų ÐMų WCŐV ĳ¿MśÎdiŠ 3İ. ĥó3Ĩm3 WZƔ : >3 ȀO_ĐŸ.. 5ķĲ ĺf`ųĥ Ǿ ǷčȃC_Ì 6ĺÂTVĦf) ĲÂǵ3ĥf Ȉ`¨ų WĽgĳg_ų _Ì 5ViC¡ǵ Yü[ũ_Ȉ İC¡Ő[ȃV ǷčȃC_¡ =3Ti_Đ aǩŖĲ ĸfCǷčķĲ, 8 ĮmĨŖVi.. Ȉ`ųǵ HjĻfC 5ȇYMĥ·u ǴĽÐ ımu]Ū3_ÌC ĥÃC_¡, ]3ĥ²_¡ ȈM_Đų aĨŖķ. Ǵ\_ÌTi..

[ĲċeȻ: 5İn3M[ũ ǷfW3 ĲVŤǵ 5ĲŪ\3Ħf Ȁeȴ: [3ǩ Wǵ ĨnĻfa. Viaŵ [V3 ǳ] Wǳ, ĬĶÉȨ ĨndiŠ ĲŤa. ȌƘĻÀÓ_3 aĦ²Óĸf ǳ] ER§VŤWǕO¦ 6 Yü[ũ R§Ƿfĥ_¡ ĥóĲÂMWǕĬn 5ViC¡ĲŤ.. WZƔ : ǶĥÃ3 Įm_¡diĸf 6\V d3Eǳ.. A ĸĆǯ ĥƘĥ²ȫ [ŪȦ HjdjŠ WĥąĬ_¡ ĺÂ\[ǵ 6]ŝ] ĺÂĻf] . ĸM½uȻ WĥfɁƔ : (WĺƔ ÂȋdjŠ ) R§Ƿfĥ_ ĥf_3 Ƿčķ3T3Ĭ.. 7WǕO¦ 5\Ūĥf ĥąĸC_¡ YĦf =C¡Őa\Ūķ_Ì.. ǷčǶ_Ì Y3Y_¡.. Y3Y_¡.. ĺfĬȃ. 5ĬĦf] CİVǵ a3MEİ_Đĥ ĺ±ȅų ĻÀVEĳg3Ĭ OYŧ ǴdiŠ ĲŤVi..ȏ_Đų 3ǩ A Z\3C]Ķ¸ÛV bYţ3 ȇǵĳg3ǩ3İ. Ȁeȴ: ViĺÂŵ3M\Ū WĥfɁƔ , Ǿ [Va`ųĥ, E3ĬmJĸǷčķ3İ. ǴĸfHjĽŠÐ ĺfĬmaĬq ĽgȡŸ ĥóMś Mś [Vaĸf`ųĥ ĥfViC_¡Ħf ĥó3WǴĽg Y3Y_¡ ĮmĨŖĺf İǵĥąd3 5_ 5ĸĨ]ś. >3?

Ȁeȴ: ĺfMǵ 73Ħųc§_Đ ĸ²ȎfťȴŸ 5Ƕ, Įm_¡E_Đ WĥfɁƔ : (EMśĦf VaŵĮO¦..) dť3TV 5Ƕ 53M] . ĺfdi: (ȇdiĦfœ ).. ļgȫ (53M£ C3W®ŪMȻ [3Ti Vi3ǩ V[ƕR: 9Ƿfũ ǳV3ORŠ\Ū. _Ìǩ ĺ±ȅųǷčĮO¦.)

WZƔ : ĺfĬĥą..(ĳų ÐM ǴdiC¡ǵ ĺfdi TEœ]Ħf VĬǩ WZƔ : (Ȁeȴ ĥ WĥfɁƔ ǵ CViĽ¿uEĮČ HjĳgdjŠ ) 7İ djťViĮČ MĴgVi ĺfdi ĲċMĉų ĳM¿ śĬǵĥ W\ǳŤdiƔ Š 3İ) @C ȀOȽ.. Ĩ_ ĳ¿TŢ ȀOȽ (53M£ MĴgVi ĳų ÐMų ǴdiC¡ǵ _ĐWȃĥ ĺ±ȅųǷčR§3İ.. V[ƕR C¥Ĭ ĺfdi: (@CŐȎfĸ R_ǳĳgť ĳų ÐM HjĽg ǳĸĦ C3W®ŪMȻ 5VidĸdiŠ 3İ) ĺ±uW ǳĸĦ) ? ĺf3ȫ ĳgJŘ

2008 255 9¡ó 9¡£Ý ȆÙȯĒó £Ý ȆÙȯĒğ(ğ:)ȪÛ(:)ȪÛ 2008 :ȪÛ:ȪÛ_ġh^c_ġh^cţþ ÍGţþh7ģGÍG h7ģG WĥfɁƔ : (VaŵR©).. [ [M_Đų Y3Y_¡, ĨnR_Đų ĥ²ÓȎf YĲĲ YĮķ3ĦÃ.. Y3Y_¡. WĥfɁƔ : 5İ.. 5İ _O¦ŝ _Đ ĥó3Ĩm3 ĵdŵ]3.. [ĸĥó3R.. Ȁeȴ: Ĳ\Ĳ Ƕ Vaŵ A Y3Y_ YMś.. (5WǕĬn aǩŖV [Ĳċe]sǵ HjĳgdjŠ ..) 7İĦĆ [ĲċeȻ ĨmǷfŠ O¦.. ĲÂVi aȎfŠ .. 7CŐO¦3MÎ HȎfŠ .. (ǷfĸǷčĮO¦.) WĥfɁƔ : ([Ȇų VaŵYĎR§3OĦf..) (8 ĦôOaĥ _ĐWȃŤ3ǩ V[ƕĮ, WZƔ Y·uMĥ aȎfŠ ] .) Ȁeȴ: @TiŢ _Ì...Vȇŵ3İ Ĩ_¡ 7_ C¥ĸĆŖ. ȎfEȻ: ([Ĳċe]sǵ HjdjŠ ĺ±ĥȃĦf VaŵR©) [ĽÐŸ [ĲċeȻ: 53C¡Ƚ Ǿ] 9Ƿfũ ǳ3Mĸf? P]Į ǹĨĸf (EMśĦf) Yeȴ V[ƕĮ Y·eȴ (WZViƔ , ȀeVsVi HjdjŠ ) V[ĽŠÐ [Ǯ V[ĽŠÐ ĳgĮǮ Ȁeȴ: 5YÈŧ.. ĺf`¨ų Y3Y_¡ ǳ3M] .. V[ƕR: 6ķķÊ Z\Ū 6ķķÊ WĥfɁƔ : Cĸ²ȡś.. Y3Y_¡ _3M _O¦ų ǳ3M] .. [ 73Mĉų 6Ĭ`¨ų > a3M ĨnĽgĲ 5ȇ Y3Y_ 6ĥf]3_Đ ȎfEȻ: Y·eȴ...Ķ¸Û 7Ĭų YĲĲÂĥf ľÁê ĥ²ÓȎf YĲĲ [JÃ 93ĬȃŸ3İn.. ([ĲċeȻ 5ĴhdiVi3ǩ ĮmǩŖV YŪE J] YĮķķÊ. ǴdiC¡ǵ _ĐWȃĥ ĺ±ȅųǷčĮO¦.) V[ƕR: ĳ¿e_Ì [3Esĥf İȽ ǷfǶĶÉ Ĭ_sĥÃ (V[ƕR Ȁeȴ: 5Ǧĸ3Ĩa_»ĦfǶ.. >3M ȇĻÑȍf_¡? >3 ĨYR©m 9VŤMś Ħf \ǖȴ) HjĻfa 8 73Mĉų ? WZƔ : [Ĳċ.. ĺfȅų3Mĉų a3M 7RVi ĨnȎfŠ Ĭ? WĥfɁƔ : 5İnİq [_sĥ ĺ±Ĺų Vi.. Y3Y_Ì[ĲŤ İp] C¡ĮķȀVǵÊ . [ĲċeȻ: ȈO¦ RV ĵ]Ūĥ 7İa]C¡ 5d_¡ ĥó3Ĩm3 C¥Ĭ ľÁȽť ĨĽn ÐĺfĬnĥfT[ũ. 6 5[ũķ @CŐĮn Ȁeȴ: 73ĥąȎfĸ Y3Y 5ĲŤa3MÎ ǶĲċMĉų A Y3Y eĬaĬĦf WǵĨndiC¡ǵ 6Ĵdiĥh ĺ±Ĺų ȃŸ aĨnŖİ. ĳ¿u C¡ĥÃŐȎfŠ V3Įn.. Vi3ǩ WǳƔ Wİǵǽȍf_ĥ ĨȺ, ĨȺ 5ǵ ĸ²Ó_Ìŵ ĽśÐcVs_Đ ĨȺ 5[ũC¡ĲÂĺfĬ_ 5] diŠ 3ĬnĺfO¦.. 6 ȎfEȻ: (WĺƔ ÂȋȎfŠ O¦.. ĲċMĉų Ƿfȴ V[_¡R© aȎfŠ O¦).. 5[ũķĥ @`¨ų [3Ĭ A Ĵ¿uȴ [ĸŤ3ȣ ĺfĸŤ3ȣ V[ƕĮ Yeȴ.. V[ƕĮ Yeȴ.. ( WĥfɁƔ ǵ HjĽ)g 5 ĸ² 7ǩŖ3İ. ĺfĸfǵĥ [¢O¦ĸĆǯ_¡ ǿRŠ3 Wǵ W]sĥfɁ Z\Ū 6ȵ \ȏ ľÁê.. ȈO¦..ǽEĮ ĸĆǯ_¡ 6 5[ũķ ĨnȎfŠ ] .. 5_ WĥfɁƔ : (dŵER3) ȈĬpĨŖO¦ĸf Ĳ\ĲċȺ.. ĲÂVi Ĩn\CǷčĮn ǳ3Ĭ ĳ¿MśV3İ..53TiCǵ HǩŖVMś ǷfĸǷčĺfȃ.. ȈĬ CĲŤ Y3Y_¡ V\3.. ĨndiŠ ĲŤO¦, ĺfĬ E] a 5İĦĆ 6ȇO..(V[ƕRǵ (ĺ±ȅųǷčR§3OĦf ȎfEȻ 5O¦ŝ WĬ).. W]sĥfɁ Z\Ū.. _O¦ŝ HjĳgȎfŠ O¦..V[Rƕ 5WǕĬn ȎfE]sĥ 7Ĭų =_ Ĩn\_Đ

256 2008 9¡ó £Ý ȆÙȯĒ ğ(:)ȪÛ 2008 :ȪÛ _ġh^c ţþ ÍG h7ģG 9¡ó £Ý ȆÙȯĒ ğ(:)ȪÛ :ȪÛ _ġh^c ţþ ÍG h7ģG ĨmWťO3 W®ĸŠ ĨndiŠ 3İ.) V[ƕR: ǾĥÃ3 D]ũ [a\ŪĦf]¤..Ǿ] >Ǿ Ĩn\TiŢ ȏķĦf C¥ĸĆŖ3Ĭ. ȎfEȻ: Z\Ū 6ĳhŐ [Ǿũ, ĬĬ 5ĸÃ YĎ_sĥÃ [JÃ We_Ì Ĳ±u YĮķÊ, ĶÉĸf Ƿfȴ DRȹ țE\ Ķ¸Û WZƔ : 5Ȁũ.. 5Ȁũ =3R 5ǻ[V3 [aĦf]3MÎ.. >3 [3ĦfĲÂĺf_ į. Ķ¸Û \ȏ3WȻ 6ĥÃ Ǵȴ [ľĲ RȄų Ƕ ǿEO¦ ǶC¡ 53Mų ĮČǽ, ĺfļg3ȣ ǽcȴ ĨnĽg, eāJĸf. 6Įn Jȷ Ƿf3Ȧ dȿ Ƿfȴ _ȃ\. țE\. ĺfC¥Ūȹ ĥųVȻ ĮČ ĥųȴ ĨnĽg Ȏf\3 Ĩn\_? Ĳ EķÊȎč Ķ¸ÛĲ ĵķ 6\į Ƿf3Ȧ Ȏĝ [3Ħf\ A ǿEO¦ ĨnĽŠÐ Dĸfũ.. Ȉ_Ìų Ti.. ĸWMÃ Ť3Ǫ. ([Ui, ĺfdi Ǽ țE\ Ķ¸ĸ²C¥ Ƿfȴ Ĳ±u DķÊĮČ di3T]sĮ YuM· ĥ aȎfŠ ] ) Vľ..ĥfŪ C]¤3 [ĽhYȰ ľÁê.. 5ĨŖ Ķ¸Û H_ÌĦ..(ĺ±VĥŐ ǳĸĦ ĺ±`¨R© [ĸĆȎfĸ WZĺƔ W±u HjdjŠ ..) [Ǯ 6ȵ [Ui: ĬĬ..aȺ 6Ȼ ĦĆķ3ȣ Bȫ.. _ĐĦf e[ĸÃ FȻ ĳÐ DĲÂC¥ 6Ĳ..īȡ ľÁê..J]¤Ȼ 6Ĳ..(ĺ±ȅųǷčĮO¦.) ĺfdi: ĬĬ aȺ ĺf3ȫ [Ƕ

Ȁeȴ: Ĩnǳĥ EĸM½ 7ĽŠÐ 8 ȀOȽ 5HiŖ 6 WZƔ : @ĸÃȺ ĥfĽÐŸW 73Mĉų 93Ĭ [ĮČ ȀO_s_ĦÃ 93MO¦. EOWHiŖCTĸf.. ĥfĽÐŸĳťaĲŤÐ CY] ų ĨmWťC¥OTj..

WZƔ : =WǕĬq ĲÂVi C¥Ĭ ǾĨnR 7_ĦÃ ĨnķȎfŠ .. ĺfdi: ĬĬ Ħf3ȭƘ [Ƕ, Ħf3ȭƘ ǷfǶ Ľ¿uȫ Ľhķ3Esĥ 5WǕO¦ ǾĸĆ ĥóRŠ ȀOȽ 5aĮ] . YüǳŠĦf 7aR_ ǴĽgĥ²`ų3Ĭ. ([Ui >Ǿ WMśVMś ĺfȡĶ¸ȴ_Đ ǷfM_¡ W_ų 5aR_ ĳ¿MśC¡3Ĭ TĸfŘ Ħf C¥] Ŗǵ ĳĹ¿ ų ǵĥ 6]ŝȻŸ ȇ3M£ 73Mĉų 93OVi 5VŤMś Ħf R_ĬȎfŠ O¦.) ĺÂ\O3 ĥfTi.. 7İĦĆ CǶd3 5Yŧķǵ HjĽg [ĲċeȻ: ĺf`ų d3Eǳ aİ_»Ⱥ 5[ũ.. 7ȇĦĆĸf ĲÂ] Ŗĥą3Ĭ.. =3R Ȏf\3 ĨndiŠ ĲŤĬq ĥąOȃĥ. OYŧ_¡ ĺ±`ų3Ĭ.. (ĺfȅųTŢ]¤ ĺ±ȅųǷčĮ] .)

Ȁeȴ: ĥó3WǴĽg 73Ĭ\ ĺ±Ĺų C ĲĮČ WZƔ : (ĺf`¨ų ĺ±ȅųVĺ±uW HjdjŠ İ]Ŕ3Ħf ǵM£ś ĸŖ Ȁeȴ a3MĨnķȎfŠ ĺf? C¥] ŖVŤ ȎčǸf TEœ] VĬǩ) Ǿ [Va`¨ų ǹǭ (53M£ ĥ3T C¥_YO¦R§3İ) WZƔ : 73Ĭ\İĥf =3TiC¡? ĸÃWMŤ3ǩ ĥóO¦C¥, ĥąO_¡ 6ĴhĽgŐ ĺ±Ĺų C [Vĥ =_ĦĆ ĮČHM3_ÌTǵ ĮmE Ȁeȴ: 5ȶĥąȻŸ YUWO¦R§ĲŤ] Ħf.. ĲÂVi a3M ĨnȎfŠ Vi.. Ǿ] 53Mų [ĲċeȻ: (D3Ħf] Ħf)..5[ũ _Ì, _Ì ĮČ[3Ĭ. WZƔ : (5Ȃ[\3Ħf HjdjŠ ) >3Mĸf >Ķ¸Û3İ? Ȁeȴ: 53Mų CĲŤ a3M½uĮn ĥó3Ĩm3 ȀOȽ YE3M3İnȀ.. [ĲċeȻ: 5Yŧ [3Ti Viaŵ_Ì 7_ C¥ĸĆŖ.. (WZƔ ĨnķWMś C¡ǵ _Ìĳg ǴdiĥóǩŖ ȎčǸf_Đ C¥ĸĆŖY·OĮO¦.)

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[ĲċeȻ: 5[ũ 7İ 5Ķ¸ĸĥf .. 5aǵEOŝ ĥfTi... WZƔ : 5Yŧ ĺÂ_»O¦ _ÌTi.. İǵ ǯMś HjO¦ =3R§3İq.. 7WǕO¦ [ǵ3Mĥ Ħ²ɂśǇ C¥Ĭ aȎfŠ ] .. Viaŵ_ ĥ3T =3HĥfŐ JOE3M_¡ ĳ¿Mś JĬĽŠÐ [TiŢ Ħf 93M3İ C¥] Ŗ3MÎ YE3OTi.. (WǴǖƔ ȇ]YĎdiC¡VŤ ǯMś [Mś C¡ǵ 53M£3İ)

WZƔ : =aĸôȎfŠ ĸfƘ 7WǕO¦ 73Mĥ? WǴǖƔ : ĺfȫ? ĺfȫ 63M? ĺfMȨ Tȫ...

Pot luck V[ƕR: Ǿ] aĨŖ] Cİ 5ǵ [ǵ3Mĉų V[ƕR: JOE3M_¡.. 53MÎ.. 53MÎ..(53M£ [eĸŷ ĺ±uW arrange ĨnĻf[RŠ\Ū.. HjĽg) JOE3M_ǵ 73Ħųc§_Đ >[3MĸĆ ĥfdŠ İǵĥ expl ai n Ĩnķ Pot luck WZƔ : 53MÎ >3M[ũ [ĲċeȻ: (ROYO¦R©) ĲC¡ [R3Ɣ >3 Įm_¡di? Ȁeȴ: C¡3O 5Tkcś3.. ĲVŤ >[3M] ?

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V[ƕR: [DŪ3Ħf =aĸ`ųC¡ ĺf`ų, ĺf`¨ų aǩŖĲ WǴǖƔ : ĽgĬ ǴdiC¡ǵ Y·u (53M£ ĺ±ȅųǷčR§3İ) 53T]3 RWťǵdĸĦf C_¡diĥąĺfȃ. [V3 Ħ²ȫ M Ħ²TȻ 53M3 Cİ.. 5_ 6VŤ[M.. WZƔ : >3Mĉ 8 İnb3_Đ ĳg_ų _ĥ C3W®ŪMȻ 6M_¡, M.ȇ _¡ RWť bĸĸfǵĥ ĺfŪ\[ǵŤĨnŖ 6M_¡ Įmȃ\ĺf? WZƔ : =3TiC¡ĸf ȏķĦf [V3T]3 CȃĽg CY] ų ĨmWǕC¡3M£ C¥ĸĆŖC ĺf`ų3Į =3TiC¡? Ȁeȴ: 8 İnb3_Đ bĸ]3 CT_CǷčķĲ WĸųÃTi.. Yķȴ·Ɣ [R3Ɣ Ǹfɂś Ħf WǵĨ\ȃn . 53TiĥÃ 7_3M [ĲċeȻ: 7aǶŤ ǸfĸfũȃMɂ RWťa. 6M_Ì =C¡ŐaĦf 93Mķ..

WZƔ : (ǵM£ś ĸŖ) >ǽMĉ [eĸŷ: ĺf`ų WW3H3Ɣ ĺÂ] _Ì[ũ.. ĺf`ų ǳ3Ĭ ĺÂ] , ĺf`ų

258 2008 9¡ó £Ý ȆÙȯĒ ğ(:)ȪÛ 2008 :ȪÛ _ġh^c ţþ ÍG h7ģG 9¡ó £Ý ȆÙȯĒ ğ(:)ȪÛ :ȪÛ _ġh^c ţþ ÍG h7ģG 6M_¡ ĺÂ] , ĺf`ų HTia_¡ ĺ] Â . WCŐV C¥] Ŗ3MO¦)

WZƔ : ĥfǶ ĺf`¨ų ĺÂ] ĥfTi CTĸf.. [ĲċeȻ: >3 53C¡Ƚ 53RĦf CcśWĬǷčR§ĲŤĸf? >ǽMĉ..(ǵM£ś ] diŠ 3İ) 5VŤW®]ş: ȌƘĥfC¡`3_Đ [W®ťM_ C¥ĸĆŖYM· ś ĶÉĳgĮn ([ĲċeȻ [ėV3Ħf V[ƕR ĺ±uW HjȎfŠ O¦.. V[ƕR ĳų ÐMų Cȍfś _¡ Įmȃ\_.. 7WǕO¦ ĥfdŠ Wǵ_Đ Ȏf\3 ǴĽÐ Ĳ±W3ĮČ R_ a3HiC¡3M3İ) Ĩn\[3MÎ 5YĎŧ Cȍfś _¡ EĸôŠ diŠ ĲŤķ Ǿ 53C¡_sĥ (ĥfŪĸÃǮ_Đ3ǩ ǩRĶƔ ¸ÛV Wİ]ţ3 ǴĽg WZƔ Ĩnǳ_Đ (5VŤW®]ş[ũ adiŠ 3İ.. ȌƘĥfC¡`3 ĽŠhŬ_ ĺÂcı]Q, 5İn Y_a3R3Ħf ĺÂdiŠ 3İ) ] ǩ HjO[ũ.. 7İĦĆ Ǿ] ĵc.. 6) C¥Ĭ

5VŤW®]ş: 5[ũȺ V[ƕĮ V[ƕĮ ĺ±3CMÎbŵ]ĸfa: 6.. 6.. @CŐ ǵǽc3.. [ĲċeȻ 5[ũ, ĲVŤ_ĥ Ķ¸ĬCȽ 7VjŸĸ²ȴŸ Ĩnķ3Ĩĺf? V[ƕR: ]3Ĭ 63M.. ]3Ĭ.. 5RŠ\Ū 8ȇO 8 TEœ]_ĐĲÂ 93M] .. ĳÐ] 5VŤW®]ş[ũĦf] ([ĲċeȻ VaŵĮO¦)

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ĺ±3CMÎbŵ]ĸfa: ǶǾT ĥfİn 5[ũOj.. 73MȻĲ±ȫ KǶŸ: 73MȻĲ±ȫ 5RŠ\Ū 7CŐO3T]¤ 73MȻĲ±ȫ_Đ ǾT 5Vi[V3.. 53Įn.. (53T]¤ d]İĦf VaŵĮ] .. HjĽg ĥóRŠ, ĥóRŠ a3M_¡ ĲÂ] ŖC¡ǵ 7_3MWǕO¦ WZƔ [R3Ɣ EMśĦf ȎfEĮČVŤ 6 Wİ]ţ3 5VŤW®]ş[ũ WȂĦf_¡Ɣ ĨndiŠ 3M] . >3 a3M ĨnȎfĸf3M.. >İ HjOC¡3Ĭ WCŐV WĬnĽg.) 5YĎŧ Ĩ_ YE3T3Ĭ Ǿ ĮmĨŖĸf? a3M (WZƔ D]ũ 5VŤMś Ĳ±ǳŠ ĥóMś C¡3M3İ.) 5VŤW®]ş: ĲC¡ Įm_¡d[ũȺ \ĵ·u>`Ŵ 5ViZa3.. Ȁeȴ: 5] ĦĆ ĺ±3CMÎbŵ]ĸfa Ħf] ĮmdiŠ ĲŤ] Ħf.. dĸųÃĦfǶ 8 :ĸôǩŖVĥfĬ Vi3ǩ W®J_¡, WVȎfŐĸf_¡ _ÌC¡3Ĭ Ƿč\ķ. ViaĲŤ ?İĸfYTiVi3ǩ ĥfĽgǵ ĺ±3CMÎbŵ]ĸfa: 7İĦĆ ĥfŪĸÃǮ (ĨnǳĥȎfŠ O¦) Ǿ ĳgǵŤ WĺăŵR§Š _¡, ĥfĽgǵ 5Ħô] Š _¡ 5Mś C¡ĸfĺfȃŸ3İ. 7CŐOĥ aǩŖV TEœĸŤ3ǩ VViŤ YüǳŠĦf ǮRĦfĬ_ HjȎčŠ 3İ.. >3 ĨmWť[3Ma Ĳ Cȍfś _¡ (53M£ Ȁeȴ ĺ±3CMÎbŵ]ĸfa: >3 ȌƘĥfC¡`3_Đ WĺăŵR§Š _¡,

2008 259 9¡ó 9¡£Ý ȆÙȯĒó £Ý ȆÙȯĒğ(ğ:)ȪÛ(:)ȪÛ 2008 :ȪÛ:ȪÛ_ġh^c_ġh^cţþ ÍGţþh7ģGÍG h7ģG Pot luck 5EĸôR§Š _¡ İp]CĺÂ3M ĨnĻf[3Mĸf? 53MÎ WȂĦf_V[MƔ .

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5VŤW®]ş: Ǭ =Ta Yİţ 5ǶŤ ĸfJĥ\_ Yİţ_Ì.. ĦĆǷf_: (V[ƕRĮČ).. Ĩm_»ų [ũ J] A CWǕ ĨȺ Ƿčķ.. Ĩ_Ìų :] ĥą.. 5[ũȺ ?İĸfYTi_Đ [3İ Ȏû3ǳ_Ìų Ĳ? (ĺ±3CMÎbŵ]ĸfaĮČ) Ȏf]¤.. ǵVŤ ĸfǳƔ Ƿf3OaaVĺfd3 ĽhĬ HjĽgV.. ĲC¡ d[JsĦf_» İrƔ Wİ WǳaRCİƔ .. V[ƕR: 8 [ınŪ ǰǹȄ ľȽŸ _Đ CMś C¡ĲŤĸf3M ĥHC¡O¦ 6Ķ¸ǵ ĸÃȵ Ĩn\ǶĥYĎĮn 9] Ő3M T]ũĸfǯ ǾM3Es_ 93MÎ aǩŖ VViŤ ]ǘdŠ_»a ViĺÂŵ3 [ĦĆĬȇ 5VŤW®]ş: ǰǹȄ ľ_ÌŸ.. ǩ]3Ǯȇ [ǵ3MWĥÃŐĲ 5VŤİ Cİ.. EMų ǿEĬ 7JŘȰ Ǵ\ĨŖ 93MO¦.. Ȁeȴ: YĳÐƔ..a3M_»uVķ 7e ĵ]R, ĵEaĮ_¡ ĦĆǷf_Ckcş: (WĺƔ ÂȋdjŠ ) ǩ]3Ǯȇ ĸfJĥ\_Đų ĥ aĨŖķ. adiŠ ĲŤO3M =ĸĥ²Ĳ? WTũZ¢cȯ 7ǩŖViƔ Cİ 5VŤĥ [diŠ \ĥś3ȣ ĨndŠO¦_Ì. ĺ±3CMÎbŵ]ĸfa: 8 [UŪ ĦĆǷf_CkcşĦf] ǷĝĸfQC ǩĮƔ _¡ ĽhĬ_¡ ĮmE HjdiŠ ĲŤ] _»3Ĭ, ȇJŚ V3 YĦf Ȁeȴ: (dŵER3).. 7İ [ĸ ǩRĶƔ ¸ÛV ȀO_Ì.. (ĳ¿uĥ) ĳ¿ĸĦǷčķ3İ ]3Ĭ C¥ĸĆŖ3Ĭ ĦĆǷf_CkcşĦf] .. Ȁeȴ: 5_Ħf.. Ǿ] 5Ķ¸ĸĥf aǩŖ =ĲŤĹ¼ų è3İ ĦĆǷf_Ckcş: [ĲċeȻ 7CŐĬ ĸf ǹĬŝ .. 7ĦĆ 7\_ĲÂVi ĦĆǷf_CkcşĦf]¤.. Ħ ĽhŵM ĨnĽgV J] MÎdiś HjO¦, 53M£ 53Tĸĥ Y_a3R3Ħf [CŐ_¡ ĨnĽg 7ȎfŠ O¦. ĦĆǷf_Ckcş: ĲÂĲùdŠĲÂ 93M.. ǷčRĲÂ 93M.. Ľgĥ3İƔ YTi, ?TĸfYTi ǳĸĦ VMśÎ.. [ĲċeȻ: Ațț.. 5TiŨR3.. ĲĲŤ, ĦĆǷf_CkcşĦf] [3ǩ ǷfCĻfdŠŬ WȈQ_¡Ɣ . =WǕOj >İq Ȁeȴ: 5İn3M 5_ =_? @C WȂE3Ɣ Ĩdin Š 3M] .. ĦĆǷf_: Ĳ ĥóO¦ĥŐ Eİn3İa\Ū.. [V ĸÃdVi WZƔ : (Ȁeȴ ĮČ Ĳ±[ũİĦf) Ȉ`ų3Į [VǾT ĥf]Os_»CŐ Įm_ų ĥf]O¦, WHŖĥf]O¦.. WȂĦf_¡Ɣ ĨndiŠ ĲŤ] .. [VĶÉTĲŤ ĲÂ]3

260 2008 9¡ó £Ý ȆÙȯĒ ğ(:)ȪÛ 2008 :ȪÛ _ġh^c ţþ ÍG h7ģG 9¡ó £Ý ȆÙȯĒ ğ(:)ȪÛ :ȪÛ _ġh^c ţþ ÍG h7ģG Ȁeȴ: A ĦƘȴ ĥf] ŝ 3İ? [ĲċeȻ: (ǷûĦfC¡ HjdjŠ .. D3Ħf] Ħf).. ĲĲŤ Ǿ] [Mų O¦R§3O3Ĭ ĲÂVi _ĐW_ĺf`ųĥ ĥó3Ĩm3 ľÁȽť ĦĆǷf_Ckcş: 6 Eİn.. ĨnȎfŠ Vi.. (_ĐWȃĥ ĺ±ȅųǷčĮO¦)

V[ƕR: 5RŠ\Ū. @CȎfĸ _ĐWȃĥ aȎfŠ ĸf? (WZƔ 5VŤW®]ş: Ƕ ĥóO¦C¡ Ĩ_ [3ǩĺfO¦ Ĳ\Ĳ V[ƕRǵ 5VidĸdiŠ 3İ) (ǷûĦfC¡ HiMś Vǽȃ R§WC¡ŐV WCŐĲÂ 9ĶÉũdiŠ 3İ.)

[ĲċeȻ: 53C¡Ƚ ĥfĴh ĮEĮĸf? M Ĳ? ĺ±3CMÎbŵ]: (ĦfZĸfĦf) >Ⱥ.. >Ⱥ.. 7İn3 ȌƘĥfC¡`3_Đ Ƕ 7_ų ViC¡3MĲŤĺf? 5Ķ¸ĸĥf.. ĺ±3CMÎbŵ]: 7Yŧ3İĦf.. 7ĺf` Ǿ ĳgǵŤ 7Ĭų _3M Wİ]ţ3 >İq ĳ¿Mś3İ.. Aĺ±ȴ _Đ ĺÂĬ ĨnĽg 5WťMŤ3Ǫ 5VŤW®]ş: 5ķĮn >3M3M? 53R EMśĦf 5Ķ¸ũĸĥf ĥóİŢĦf ĮnĬ ĨnĽg3T\Ū.. M ĲÂ Y·MȻ. 53M£ Y\ĳ¿ĬŠ VViŤ.. 5Ķ¸ĸĥf_Đ =a]¤ HiMś_¡ ĥf]ŖĸÃM? ĸĆǰ ǷûTiŢ ĲÂŤ 6 =Tiĸ3Mĉ ǷûO¦ĦfM [ĲċeȻ: (VaŵR©) ĥó3WǴĽg ĴgƔJs_Đ3ǩ ǴĽg ĺÂĬĨnĽg Įm_ų \V, ǷûO¦ĦfM Įm_ų M ǷûĦfC¡ ĲċMĉų ĳ¿Mś C¡ǵ, C]Ƙ ĳ¿Mś ĸf 63M 7Ĭų Ƕ WMś C¡ǵ WĨ] ų Ĩn\O3 ĲÂVi HjĹÍų İnM?

WZƔ : 7Ĭų ĴgƔJs_Đ ĳ¿MśO3 >3M? ĺ±3CMÎ: 5İǷûĦfC¡ ĥfTi.. Ǹfĸ²ȴ ĽgEĸ²Mś ..

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2008 261 9¡ó 9¡£Ý ȆÙȯĒó £Ý ȆÙȯĒğ(ğ:)ȪÛ(:)ȪÛ 2008 :ȪÛ:ȪÛ_ġh^c_ġh^cţþ ÍGţþh7ģGÍG h7ģG 93Ĭn WJ_Ɣ Z¢[ȃŤ ǴĽÐdiC¡3MĲŤ] .. ǽĽśÐĥ3ȣ ǽ. ĦĆǷf_: _Ì _Ì ǵViŤ ĲÂVi 6OĲÂ HjĽgV

ĦĆǷf_Ckcş: =VCĽgĸĥ @C R§Eųȡ ĸfǯ Ƕ_ų ĥąd3 9VŤ Ȏfķ: A Ħfȭ.. ?Ľ¿ȭ \¢ 6Ȼ ǽĽśÐĥ3ȣ Ǿ. 7_¡ų ĳhĥÃĽg Ĩm] a_¡ Rȇŵ3ǩ3OM 53Ti_Đ Ƕ_¡ų _ÌCǷfķ,¹ dĸCİ 9VŤ 7_¡ų Ƿfķ¹.. ][WZƔ : @CWCŐ 6\V ĨWm Š ĲŤO¦Cİ ǩĥ²ȴ ȍfW_Đ WǵĨnĽĲaǵg , [ȅų Ħfȭ 53M£ 6 İnaĬŤ ȎfǘŪǵĥ ĳg_¡ȎfŠ ĺÂ.. WȃĥfĬ? ĺ±3CMÎbŵ]ĸfa: [ĸ WJ_ÌĶƔ ¸ÛĲ]\Ū YY¢.

Ȏfķ: Ķ¸ÛĦfȭ.. [ĲċeȻ.. ĺfMȨ İɂ ľÁȽ.. ĦĆǷf_Ckcş: >R[] WCŐĸfJŪǵĥ ǷčķViƔ .. 6O ǷfW_ÌdVi ĳ¿ĸĦ 3İ. 8 ĸfǯ WĬǷčķ3O¦. EMų 3İ 8 [ĲċeȻ: Y·3Ȧ ĳhĸ\ȭ _Đ ĺfO¦ ǩĥ²ȴ ȍfW_Đ \ĺfŵ]3 WǵĨnĻfO¦.. 7WǕO¦ [ĲÂĻfO¦.

ȎfķC¡[Ȼ: (WĺƔ Âb3) ȏȺ 53C¡ȽŸ ĺÂĸȨ [ĲċeȻ 5VŤW®]ş: Y·3Ȧ ĳhĸ\ȭ 53MÎ 7djŐ_Đų _E RWǕĨnĽgVĺf`ųǵ Y·3ǩǾT ǵ_Y·Mś½ȎfŠ ĸf >3M?? [ĲċeȻ: (WĺƔ Âb3) ȏȺ Ȏfķ.. ĲĲŤ ȈO¦ Ȏfķ 5ǵ Ĳ Y·ɂś Ĵ¿Ɣ3ȭ. ǽ[ũȃŤ HjĬ_ǵ Rĳg3ǩ, Rĳg3ǩ, [ĲċeȻ: dĸÃ 5T3Į aİ_Ì\3Ĭ.. 7ĺf` [V3 dĸĦfœ ǾĸôĨnŖ M½u3ĥ ĺÂĸÃ :] ĺ±Ĺų ȃŸ aǩŖ ĺ±Ĺų O¦.. =MĲŤ ĺ±Oİ[? 73Mĉų =3JȺ ĨnİŢ [? ĨmWť3Ĭ. 7ĺf` aĨŖO¦..

5VŤW®]ş: d[T3Ɣ TEœ]ĥ =_İ3 YY¢.. Ȏfķ: ȏȺ 53C¡Ƚ.. eĺf]¤Ū..

ĺ±3CMÎbŵ]: >3 ĨnW_¡WOİ[Ĳ? 5İn3 _ÌTi.. 73Mĉų ĲÂ Ȁeȴ: ĲÂVi YĦfĲÂ 9ĲŤVi YY¢.. Viĺ±ŵ_ 93Ĭ CY] ų ĨmWǕC¡3İ3 9ĲŤa? ĸf C¥ĸĆŖ. >3 ĨndiŠ 3Ma?

(WǴǖƔ , H]ȯ EMśĦf 5] djŠ Ĳċ Ĳċ aȺ Ĭq3ȫ ĺf3ȫ Ȏfķ: ĲÂVi, ĲÂVi.. 5 \ȹ ȎfXsMsĺÂȻ. 53M£ ȎčǸf_ HiM£ś ǳ] EĮ] )

ĦĆǷf_Ckcş: (Ȏfķ TEœ]Ħf aǩŖ =ĦfİĦfHjdjŠ ) ȎfEȻ: (Yǳ[_¡R©) ĮČĬȎf Dȿ YÈM.. Viaŵ ǵĲÂŤOĲċ HjĽgV ǹĬŝ ! \İĥódŠ_ÌTi.. (Ĳ±ǳŠ ĦĆC¡Ő3M£.) 6.. \İĥóǩŖ3İ.. Viaŵ Ħfǩĥ²ȴ ȍfW_ WǴǖƔ : Ĳċ ? Ĭq3ȫ ĺf3ȫ.. WǵĨdn Ša_Ì..

[eĸŷ: RǶŵ ĺfȫ ľÒW3ȭ M \¢ Ȏfķ: ĲÂĲ. ǩĥ²ȴ ȍfȵ _ĐĲ. AĲċ Ȏfĸ \¢ 6Ȼ

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ȎfEȻ: ĮČĬȎf Dȿ YÈM.. Ķ¸Û Ye¯Ȱ [ļgŐ_sĽÐ _»ȫu Ÿ 6ȶ YĲ\.. (Ȁeȴ, WZƔ İĦf_¡Ħf ȎčǸf_Đų C¥] Ŗǵ 93M] . ĺf`ų WǴǖƔ : Ĳċ.. Ĳċ.. (ǳĸĦ ǷfĸǷčR§3İ) djMsĥÃdi_¡ dĸŢ A WCŐV ĳ¿Mś 93Mķ [ĲċeȻ [ėV3Ħf 93MO¦.) ȎfEȻ: YÈM..ī²ÓĸĆ (53M£ WǴǖƔ ĺ±3M ĺȅ± ųǷčĮO¦) [ĲċeȻ: Ǿ]_ eMR§Š Ħf Y\_ÌŢ ]O3 >3 [Ui: (WĺƔ ÂȋdjŠ ).. ĬĬ. 5İ, Ħf3ĬũƘ VViŤ ĸ²Óɂ YĦf_ÌTiĲĲŤ.. ǾC¡ ĲÂĲÂ3 RC¡Őa ĨnĻfVǵ ǳV[ǵ ǸčȻŸ ĨndiŠ 3İ. Ȁeȴ: >3 RC¡Őa Ĩn\_ÌTiĸf.. 5ǶŤ =C¡ŐĺÂ Ȁeȴ: RWǕĸf, 5_ ĳ¿TŢĺf`ųǵ 5İ, ĺfO¦ ĨnĻf] .. ĥfǶ, ĲĥÃ ĺÂĸÃ WVi_¡ĲŤķ 53Įn. 5VC¥OTi. [ĲċeȻ: _ÌTi_Ì. ǾĸÃİq YUWO¦R§ĲŤ] .. _ǖ_¡ V[ƕR: (EYEY aǩŖ WZĮČƔ ) Ȏfĸ [a\Ū, ĺf`ųĥ D] Ŗ ĳ¿Mś C¡ǵ aǩŖ ĸ²3O¦ Ĳ±__¡ ĥf_ÌTi.. ĺ±ĹŠ [3MÎ Įm_¡E dĸĦf ĸfTi, ĲÂVi ĨmǷfŠ _Ì3Ĭ.. [Uj.. ĺf`¨ų >[Viĥąĺfȃ? ĲV[ũ, ĮRĦf] .. 5_ ĺfO¦, 5İ 5VC¥OTi. Pot luck WZƔ : ĶÉ[ _ǖ_¡ D] Ŗĳ¿Mś C¡ǵ aǩŖ3İ WZƔ : (_ĐVi3ǩ adjŠ ..) ǷčǶ_Ì[ũ ĺfOVCǷčĮn _ ĥąd3, Ħ²ȫ M Ħ²T]s_ ĥąd3 ĥfTiĸf. [¢Ĭ`n ų ĥƘR3 =a]3M] ? ĲĲŤ [Uj.. ĥó3Ĩm[ĲŤ ǳVĸf.. HjĽgV ǽ[ũȃŤ, WĽgĺf`¨ų Ħf HjĽgV 8 7TŢĸǶ EĮúŠ 3ĥf\ ĨnĻfVi.. HjĬ_ǵ, ǾĮČ 6V3T3Ħf EOǷf_ǵ aĨŖ3. ĥfǶ ǾC¡ [ĮČ ĥfĽÐŸW [Vdiȇĳťg [Mų Ĭn M½u3 _ÌTi.. [Ui: (ZJ_»EĸÃĽg). A Ĳċ (53M£ ĺ±ȅųǷčĮO¦..) [ĲċeȻ: 5[ũ.. RWťT[ũ.. 7CŐO ǮȇĮȃ3Įn.. ĦĆǷf_Ckcş: 6_¡ų ĥÃC¡_¡ ǳĲÂMĉ_¡ų 5VŤ3, ĦVŤ3 5OŘdiś 5ĺfȃ.. ĥf_3 =WǕOj @ĥÃ_ 93M3İ? ǳ3M] .. VO¦W3ĬƔ [V3 ĥ3T Ħfĸŝ²ȴ _Đĥ ǷčT3 VO¦a3Ĭ. V[ƕR: _ĐWȃŤ3ǩ Ħô_¡diĮČ adiŠ 3İ. 5RŠ\Ū 7İĦĆ Ǿ] Ǿ V_ų W®d_ Ħô_¡di [ĸŖǷč\] . ĺ±3CMÎ: WT3Ĭ.. 6Ĭ`¨ų ĺfĹÍų aȎfŠ ] , [V3 ĺ±Oİ3 WZƔ : (Ħô_¡di ǴdiC¡ǵ Ķ¸O_Đ ĺÂdiC¡3M3İ).. ĳg_ų _Ì3

2008 263 9¡ó 9¡£Ý ȆÙȯĒó £Ý ȆÙȯĒğ(ğ:)ȪÛ(:)ȪÛ 2008 :ȪÛ:ȪÛ_ġh^c_ġh^cţþ ÍGţþh7ģGÍG h7ģG ĨndiŠ ĲŤ][ũ? Ȁeȴ: [ĲċeȻ

V[ƕR: HTiaC¡3MĲŤ]RŠ\Ū.. ([M, [Mĥ [eĸŷ: >3M ĲĲŤ.. >3 ĥfĺfȃ? _ĐWȃĥ Įú3ĦHjdjŠ 93M3İ) Ȏfķ: (WĺƔ Âb3) ȏȺ 53C¡Ƚ. ȏȺ 63M. ĸ²Ĭ WZƔ : e¯.. ǷčǶ_Ì[ũ.. ĺf`¨ų YĦf HTiaC¡ǵ 5\ĸf? ǷfŪĥ3ȣ 5ķǷčķ3İ? WȂJC¡_¡Ɣ 5aO3CĲŤ [ĥÃ3 ĥfĺfȃ? [ĲċeȻ: 6 5ķ3İĸf.. ĲÂVi Ĩmĳgť3İ ĮmĨŖĺf? Ȁeȴ: (>İq EĸôŠ ǩŖVĺfĬ_) 5VŤMś .. [ĲċeȻ Ȏfķ: \.. 7ȇĦĆ.. (ǷfŪĥ²ȫ [ĲċeȻ ĥȎfŠ O¦..) [eĸŷ: >3 ĲĲŤ.. [ĲċeȻ: (WZƔ TEœ]Ħf VOǩ) 5[ũ.. 7İĦĆ Ǿ] eMR§Š Ħf Y\_ÌŢ ]Į]Viĥą_ÌTi.. >Ǿ Ȁeȴ: (>İq 6_ĐǩdjŠ ) >3 _ÌTiĸf.. >İq ĥóV_ÌCǷč\Vi.. 8 ĦĆȽŝ ǹdŐȫŸ Įú ǶĥcśĶV¸Û VE_¡ ĨmǷfť_ViC¡ĲŤVi [ĸŖǷč\Vi.. Ĩnķ3Hiĥą. ĲVŤĦfĸĥ @C YɂÈƔ _»ȫ Ĩnķ3Hi

V[ƕR: >3M [a\Ū.. >3 ĨmǷfť_ViC¡ĲŤ] ? Ȁeȴ: [ĲċeȻ YÈɂƔ _»ȫ d3Eǳ dĸÃĦfǶ, ĲÂĲċ adiŠ a

Ȁeȴ: (@CŐ ǖQ3 [ėV3 R] ĺfR).. 5YÈŧ >3 ǷčĦôMś C¡ĲŤĸf 7aŵE_ĺf?

_ÌTi_Ì[ũ [ĲùeȻ: ĨmWť3Ĭ ĲĲŤ >3Mİ?

ĦĆǷf_Ckcş: (eĬaĬĦf adjŠ ) Ȏf]¤.. 7ĦĆ Ħ ĥfĦĮ_¡ Ȏfķ: ĨmWť3O3C¡Ƚ.. ĨmWť3Ĭ ĲÂVi C¥Ĭ Ǿ Ƕ ĮV ĳ¿Mś ĥą. 53Y]sĳÐMĥfO Ĳ JĦf 93Ĭ_Ì ĥóO¦C¡ĲÂ.. ĲÂVi ĮmǩŖȎfŠ >3 ĥfĺfȃ? [¢Ĭp3T_¡ EJ_ JE.. Eİ 93İq, _ÌC Ea]ŤĶ¸3Mĉ_¡ų CYŘ ĨnĽgĲċƔ J] HjO¦ (WZƔ , Ȁeȴ @CŐȎfĸ @Cĸ ǿȏ_¡ @C] ĥóǵŤ ǖQ_¡ HjdiC¡ǵ, WE_YĬ VaŵĮ] .. 53T]¤ ĺ±3CMÎbŵ]: (WĺƔ ÂȋdjŠ ).. >3 [ȍfś ]¤.. Ǿ ǵ]ş\3 6bŖ]Ū3Ħf HjȎfŠ ] .. ĺfdi, [Ui D3Ħf] Ħf Y·uMĥ []_Ìİ? ĺ±`ųĬǵĥ ǵbŖķ3HiC¡ĲŤĸf? aȎfŠ ] .)

5VŤW®]ş: 5[ũȺ. Ĳ [M ȇǵ 73ĥą ĸ²Qş¶_ų ĲŤ 5VŤW®]ş: >M >M½uĲİ 6 ĳgǩŖVĺÂŵM? 93O3O[ũ. ĦĆǷf_Ckcş: EMų VaŵR§ViƔ .. WZƔ : (5VŤW®]ş TEœ]Ħf VĬǩ 6Ķ¸ ZJ3 ǾT ĨnķÊdiŠ 3İ [ėV3Ħf 93M3İ) WZƔ : ǾĲVŤ ǷčĦôMś C¡VŤ adiŠ a Ǿ]

264 2008 9¡ó £Ý ȆÙȯĒ ğ(:)ȪÛ 2008 :ȪÛ _ġh^c ţþ ÍG h7ģG 9¡ó £Ý ȆÙȯĒ ğ(:)ȪÛ :ȪÛ _ġh^c ţþ ÍG h7ģG ĮmȎfŠ V3M3MÎ VĺăŵǩŖ3İĸf. (6Ķ¸ dŵ]3 [ĲċeȻ: (YUĦf).. ĲĲŤ 53R[MVTiŢ . ǵJ3Ħf ĦfTœ İC[aR§3İ) 5İ.. 5İ.. > 73MȻĲ±ȫ, > ĺ±ȷ ĲC¡ Įmȃ\Ti 7WťMİĥf. 7WǕO¦ ĮmȃĽg3İ, ĥfǶ, ĥfǶ ĥfŪȹ, > Ĳ±MsǸčȴ, > ȈȎf, > ǷfɂǷčȻś 7aŵ_Ìǵİ. Ȉ`ųĥ 8 ĸĆYĎȫŸ ĥ =_ ĨmǷfť_Đ ĲC¡ Įmȃ\O3_ÌTi.. (ĺfdiǵ, [Uiǵ HjĳgȎfŠ O¦.) V[ƕR: ĲC¡ Įm_¡di ǾĥÃ3 ĥfĺf_Đ.. ĲÂǵȎfŠ VRŠ\Ū..

[ĲċeȻ: (6bŖ]Ū3Ħf) ǶC¡ Į_¡Ȏfm .. >3Mİ? [Ui: ĬĬ.. Ĭq3MsĽÐ _»uȡ Tȫ.. [C¡ [R3Ɣ >3 Įm_¡di? ĶÉ[ Ħf3ȭƘ [ TEœ] ĳ¿ĸĦf[?

V[ƕR: dť]Ŷ Really ĺfdi: (Ȁeȴ TEœ]Ħf VĬǩ) Ȏfĸ ĮR\Ū.. we found yesterday night what we lost so far. [ĲċeȻ: dťĸfŶ... \¢ Ǿȴ MȦ. : Yes. [Ui ĸfǳƔ Ķ[É [Ǿũǵ 5ĬĦf[. ĮR,

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WZƔ : (d3Z[3ĦfƔ HjdjŠ ) V[ƕĮ.. aĨŖ]ǵ.. Ȏfĸ ĮĮ

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2008 265 9¡ó 9¡£Ý ȆÙȯĒó £Ý ȆÙȯĒğ(ğ:)ȪÛ(:)ȪÛ 2008 :ȪÛ:ȪÛ_ġh^c_ġh^cţþ ÍGţþh7ģGÍG h7ģG ĦĆǷf_: 5a. Eİn 6 dť]Ŷ İǵ E] 3Ĩn ĺfdi: 5aVi ĲV[ũ Ǿ] ĺ±`ųTiŢ .. Ǿĥ3ĥf ǸčȻ ĸf[\Q3_Đ ĸfĽg3O¦ WMś ǻļÐC3 5ķV3C [3ȰŸ M½u[3İ. 8 ǸčȻ [3ȰŸ [ĮČ 93Ĭ =3JȺ eVi[3R§ĬŤ ĸf[O¦ ǶĥÃ3 ĥfĺfȃ ǹĬŝ 5ǵ ĨnĽg ĺ±`ų3Ĭ. AĥÃ? 5O¦ERO3M.. ViĺÂŵ3İ 7ĨnŖİĲC¡.. @CŐȎfĸ VViŤ ĳ¿ķŪĥ eR§Š ĥą [VŤO3M. EİnYĬ _3ĦÃŵǮ (Ȏfķ JÃY_Đ3ǩ Mĥ²Mų ǴĽg ǩ3ĳÐȎfŠ O¦.. 53T]¤ HWťMų ĥóOĮ] ..) Ȏfķ: \ɂ.. 5aĲƔ [Vj.. ĲC¥ =WťMVi3ĨĄ @CŐȎfĸ 73Ĭ\ ĺ±Ĺų _ǵ 5[ũ E3Ĭm_Đų @İĦǷčķ, WĥfɁƔ : Ȁeȴ.. Ȁeȴ.. VViŤ ]ǘ3Hĸf.. VViŤ @CŐȎfĸ [VȎfĸf >Oĺf_ǵ 93İ.. ĥfǶ, ĥfǶ ĥfǷfOĸf? Ĳ±_ĸĆǯ_¡ Ȅa ĳ¿ĬĮn =CŐO 6 9İqŪE3 :O¦R§3İq 5ĲÂ Z\3ĮČ ĺ±`ų_ÌCǷčR§ĲŤVi. Ȁeȴ: 5ĸÃ >Ķ¸Û3İ WĥfɁƔ ?

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266 2008 9¡ó £Ý ȆÙȯĒ ğ(:)ȪÛ 2008 :ȪÛ _ġh^c ţþ ÍG h7ģG 9¡ó £Ý ȆÙȯĒ ğ(:)ȪÛ :ȪÛ _ġh^c ţþ ÍG h7ģG The “Slogan” & “Logo” of “10th ATA Conference & Youth Convention”

“The Slogan” We have chosen the slogan “Dasamaavataaram: Teluguthalliki Haaram – Yuvatharaaniki Dvaram” for our 10th ATA conference & Youth Convention since it represents the theme and the spirit that is at the heart of this conference and also aligns with the strategy and vision of current ATA leadership. All of the previous nine ATA conferences had their own unique themes, approaches and significant accomplishments and they could easily be termed the nine incarnations or avatars of ATA over the years. And now, this is ATA’s 10th conference – and hence Dasamaavataaram (10th incarnation). We, the Telugus, have a language sweeter than honey as our mother tongue and we have rich traditions and mesmerizing arts that stood the test of time and evolved to their finest. Agriculture, the first and key vocation of early settlers of our homeland and the mainstay of our economy hitherto, is also one of the best in the country. As a token of appreciation and reverence and to venerate and glorify Teluguthalli, the symbol of our culture and agriculture, we chose “Teluguthalliki Haaram” (a garland for Teluguthalli) – a theme akin to “Maa Teluguthalliki Mallepoodanda” as the second part of the slogan. A major focus of the current ATA leadership is youth – emphasis on their preparation to take up the reigns of ATA in the future since they are the flag bearers of our Telugu culture into the future in America. Hence, we chose “Yuvatharaaniki Dvaram” (Opening the door to our youth) as the third part of the slogan.

2008 267 9¡ó 9¡£Ý ȆÙȯĒó £Ý ȆÙȯĒğ(ğ:)ȪÛ(:)ȪÛ 2008 :ȪÛ:ȪÛ_ġh^c_ġh^cţþ ÍGţþh7ģGÍG h7ģG “The Logo” The logo was designed to reflect the theme and the slogan of the conference. At the outset, since this is the 10th conference, it is designed as number “10” – the statue of liberty represents number “1” and the circle next to it is “0”. The circle itself represents a door, a strong circular door similar to that of a bank vault (the strong room) indicating the strong door to our strong cultural heritage – our peerless treasure. The door itself is hinged to the hand of statue of liberty – her fingers are the hinge and the symbolism that her hand holds both a book and the circular door is that we came here and attached to the USA owing to our educational excellence. It also indicates that the cultural stronghold we built is attached to USA (since we live here!). Outside the circle, there is a US flag stretching through the entire diameter of the circle. A close observation also reveals that the stars and stripes also pervade the circle at the top – the stars and the blue color encompassing them is transformed into a blue sky inside the circle (underneath the ribbon banner bearing the slogan) indicating that we live here and practice our culture under the American sky. Also outside the circle are symbols and sites of New York and New Jersey – Empire state building, Brooklyn bridge, Chrysler building and Prudential Center (venue of our 10th ATA conference).

Now let us have a close look at the circular door. The circle actually has three concentric circles of three colors representative of Indian flag with the convention information in the central white circle with two designs of muggulu (rangoli) representing the festive sights from our homeland since our conference is a celebration of our culture. The reason for the use of Indian flag colors for these concentric circles is to emphasize and reaffirm that we will always be encircled or bound by the feelings of devotion to our Motherland, no matter where we live. Embedded in the three concentric circles at the bottom is our ATA logo giving the impression of the three colors of Indian flag (rays) emanating from it as well as the impression that the flag colors are pervading the ATA logo. Inside the space encompassed by the three concentric circles – at the center is our Teluguthalli, the symbol of our culture and agriculture, with the backdrop of the map of Andhra Pradesh. She is surrounded by several images symbolic of different aspects of our culture, traditions and development. Immediately surrounding Teluguthalli are: (i) Dancers at the bottom indicating the art of dance from Telugu Land – they are represented in poses (bhangimalu) as if they are offering their respects to Telugu Thalli (the pictures of the “four dancers” depicted in the logo were painted by Sri Balaram Pammi, Convener of our 10th ATA Conference & Youth Convention); (ii) Annamayya, the first vaggeyakara who wrote and sang thousands of sankirtanas on Lord Venkateswara and is an epitome of devotion (bhakti); (iii) Annamayya is positioned in close proximity to Tirupati temple, the abode of his favorite God, Lord Venkateswara; (iv) A typical Sankranthi tradition and sight – DooDoo Basavanna representing our beloved festivals the memories of which always linger in our minds and prompt us to continue those traditions in USA; (v) A cute little girl, dressed up in enchanting traditional clothes and holding a stack of Telugu books representing our language and traditional outfits unique to our culture. The Teluguthalli at the center plus all these images immediately surrounding Teluguthalli are symbolic of the core of our culture and placed in the center such that they form the central wheel of the strong door and help open the door to our heritage that we want to pass on to our youth. Surrounding this central ensemble of images are additional images that are symbols of Andhra Pradesh from historical and modern times – the ever mesmerizing Charminar, the Buddha statue, the magnificent thousand pillar temple and the modern cyber towers of HITEC city – all of these bear testament to the culture and progress of Telugu people in terms of thought and technology over the centuries. At the bottom of these images are the green agricultural fields – the mainstay of our economy to start with and the villages harboring these fields are the cradles that nurtured and evolved our culture. Above Teluguthalli is the ribbon banner bearing the slogan with green mango thoranams connecting the banner and the inner green circle. The yellow color of the ribbon banner and the green color of these thoranams are symbols and omens for the occurrence and foreboding of good things and success (shubham) for our conference.

“Slogan” ideated by: Dr. Siva Prasad Kumpatla & Dr. Chandra Reddy Gavva “ Logo” theme conceived and written by: Dr. Siva Prasad Kumpatla “Logo” designed by: Dr. Siva Prasad Kumpatla

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1. Gollaprolu - Photo Essay Ea]ȎfV dRŪĲĸf\Q 2. Ǿ ĦƘf[ǵŤ TRŠR Ea]ȎfV dRŪĲĸf\Q 3. , , Į_m ¡E ĵc ȎfľR Ū3 a3E¢ĸ ǩMśȴ½ ĸfǯ 4. [3Ti3İ [d`Ŵ W3O¦E. Ħô_ų W®Ĭ [] Ǵ ĸfa 5. Perils of Perfection Subramanyam Bathala 6. C. WdŠC3ĳ¿u dǾǖ ĵdŠơȻ ĸfa 7. Hinduism in Classrooms Ramesh Appareddy Gollaprolu village is located in East Godavari District of Andhra Pradesh, India. The famous temple of Satyanarayana swami at Annavaram is only 15 Km from Gollaprolu and is on rail line running from Vijayawada to Visakhapatnam.

Gollaprolu has a population of 26,000. It is a Mandal Headquarters and has four schools and two high schools- one for boys and one for girls. The villagers depend on agriculture and weaving as the source of income. Though there are skilled and semi-skilled persons living in the village, the average income of a householder is estimated at Rs.80 per diem. The village has three water tanks (cheruvulu) but obtains drinking water from a bore-well situated in a nearby village. Gavarasana Foundation established a safe drinking water plant in the village and supplies pure water at cost (www.gavarasanafoundation.org) . The village is beautiful and is peaceful as you can see the accompanying photos.

2008 279 9¡ó 9¡£Ý ȆÙȯĒó £Ý ȆÙȯĒğ(ğ:)ȪÛ(:)ȪÛ 2008 :ȪÛ:ȪÛ_ġh^c_ġh^cţþ ÍGţþh7ģGÍG h7ģG The Approach

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2008 287 9¡ó 9¡£Ý ȆÙȯĒó £Ý ȆÙȯĒğ(ğ:)ȪÛ(:)ȪÛ 2008 :ȪÛ:ȪÛ_ġh^c_ġh^cţþ ÍGţþh7ģGÍG h7ģG Telugu Language & Literature Today The Two Problems

Telugu Language and Telugu Literature are the only Telugu to provide the unseen “oxygen” for the two core aspects of what we call “Telugu Culture”. survival of Telugu? All other aspects of our culture are derived from and are the results of these core components and how we Yes, we can and we must. deal with them as a worldwide community. Simply stated, if creative writing in Telugu dies, As mentioned earlier, United Nations, based on a Telugu language and hence its culture dies. scientific survey, made an assessment that Telugu may be an endangered language in about 50 years. I am not that naïve to believe that the problems are The principal reason for this assessment is the rapidly that simple as stated above and even to advocate declining respect by our people for Telugu language, simplistic solutions as follows to an extremely and therefore its culture, not necessarily based on complex problem, but, then I do believe that “a small how many people speak the language and with what step for mankind is a giant leap for mankind”. accent. This lack of respect is the first and foremost problem we face today. Three Point Action Plan for Promoting Telugu Language Can our Telugu Associations & NRI community do anything to halt and reverse that trend of this While English language is essential for economic unfortunate and profound lack of respect for reasons, Telugu is essential for all other reasons Telugu as the core ingredient of our culture? including cultural, religious and every form of our performing arts including movies which continues to Yes, we can and we must. be primary entertainment in today’s India.

No language and a culture based on that language Ever since “education” is “privatized” aggressively, survives without creative literature. Perhaps, it is an perhaps a decade or two ago, it has become extreme example, but, in my opinion, Lord Rama is commercialized and English Medium Schools venerated as a GOD by Hindus mainly because popped up everywhere in Andhra Pradesh. Valmiki wrote Ramayana so creatively, even if based Unfortunately, perhaps for valid self-serving business on some reality. Again in my opinion, if Nannaya reasons, in most of these schools not only Telugu is did not initiate Telugu version of Mahabharatha so not taught as a subject, but students are even creatively, Telugu language would have been extinct rigorously “prohibited” from speaking Telugu on the long time back and on a mundane level, the movie campus even after school hours. It so happens that Mayabazar would not have been produced. those who can afford to go to these schools are from families that contribute to the growth of Telugu Today, Telugu creative literature is confined only to a language & literature in a significant way (middle & small writer’s community and lost its impact on upper class) and now the students are denied that common people except a little bit through an opportunity to be even a literate in Telugu and all this occasional good movie. The principal reason is its nonsense for economic reasons alone. By lack of glamour or show biz, negligible economic implication, “If Johnny can read Telugu he cannot impact such as job creation, and only behind the make money” is a pervasive and shameful attitude on scene importance in the ever dominating the part of educators, politicians and government entertainment industry. This situation is the second officials. problem we face today. The Telugu Associations in USA (ATA & TANA Can our Telugu Associations and NRI community included) can and must use their “influence” with the offer the much needed “glamour” and “economic Government and with the Private Educational visibility” and encourage the creative writing in

288 2008 9¡ó £Ý ȆÙȯĒ ğ(:)ȪÛ 2008 :ȪÛ _ġh^c ţþ ÍG h7ģG 9¡ó £Ý ȆÙȯĒ ğ(:)ȪÛ :ȪÛ _ġh^c ţþ ÍG h7ģG Industry to remove that shameful prohibition and to 3. Every year during their ritual celebrations in make Telugu as a mandatory subject. Most people India, ATA & TANA must honor Telugu from my generation followed this same principle in Teachers, perhaps one or two from each district reverse. In Telugu medium schools we were taught with an honorarium. The underlying motive is to English as a subject…..and that is why, today, all of let the entire Telugu community know that we us are able to speak English. In exactly same way, respect for Telugu language by honoring those today, in all English medium schools, Telugu must be who teach it to the children. Respect shown to taught as a language all through from first grade and Telugu language through this gesture, especially college graduation. coming from NRIs, will be contagious and will galvanize people to stand up and take notice and No one should be allowed to graduate at show respect for our language least from high school without reading, writing and understanding Telugu from the entire State of I believe that efforts such as the above will restore Andhra Pradesh. Can we do that? Yes, we can. the lost use of the language and the respect we seem to be losing for Telugu as noted by United Nations. Specifically, I propose the following simplistic three point plan of action: Three Point Action Plan to Encourage Telugu Creative Writing & Literature 1. ATA & TANA, as national organizations (that spend millions of dollars on their Conventions No language can and will survive unless world class that include hundreds of thousands of dollars on literature is produced, which cannot be done in an dubious entertainment by movie stars), must intellectual vacuum. The proper atmosphere for such appoint an ombudsman each (preferably as a a development is created and sustained by (a) joint effort) for Government liaison to legalize Respect & Patronage (b) Self-motivated regardless of and implement a policy of making Telugu as a patronage and (c) Divine Gift and personal mandatory subject at all levels in all schools and dedication. Simple examples for each of these are colleges and most importantly, including private Krishnadevaraya’s patronage which resulted in great English medium institutions. I know, first hand, literary work, Pothana Bhagavatham for self- that the Government officials in general and motivation and Annamacharya for divine gift. politicians would not object, but they will not actively initiate, implement or pursue such a Each individual in North America, in my opinion, is policy on their own because there is no vote bank in a position and can contribute to creating an associated with it. Other Telugu Associations atmosphere of respect and patronage for creative must follow similar strategies. Can they do it? Telugu literature. Existing attempts such as Story Yes, they can. contests, devoting a few pages of literary content in printed magazines such as Telugu Naadi, Telugu Jyothi, TANA Patrika and America Bharathi, literary forums in various cities including the bi-annual 2. ATA & TANA must form a Project Team (again Telugu Sahithi Sadassulu conducted by Vanguri preferably together) to start a major initiative in Foundation of America, and several web magazines Andhra Pradesh to contact private institutions such as Koumudi, Eemata and SiliconAndhra are and “sensitize” them to the importance of very good attempts. In addition to such efforts, we allowing Telugu on its campuses as a grass roots need a cohesive unified effort requiring depth, long movement. After all, most of the owners are term vision and higher purpose. Telugu people and do have a “love of the language”. All that needs to be done is to Specifically my four point action plan to promote “stroke” that a little bit and impress upon them creative writing in Telugu is: that teaching Telugu does not hurt their business interests which should not be that difficult. 1. All Telugu Associations in North America (ATA & TANA included) must establish a Telugu

2008 289 9¡ó 9¡£Ý ȆÙȯĒó £Ý ȆÙȯĒğ(ğ:)ȪÛ(:)ȪÛ 2008 :ȪÛ:ȪÛ_ġh^c_ġh^cţþ ÍGţþh7ģGÍG h7ģG Language & Literature Team (call it a be seen and heard loudly as a Telugu language & Committee, if appropriate) to articulate a vision literary supporter worldwide. There are so many with some depth. This group or committee is not excellent magazines that run on shoe string to be dumped with “politically” comfortable budgets and can use any help they can get. people, but with people with established credentials and more importantly “real” commitment to develop such a vision and even 4. Publish one or two Telugu books in India such as an action plan to create an atmosphere of an anthology of short stories, an old manuscript glamour, economic incentives and public or poetry….and build a legacy. Each recognition. This is not to be confused with organization needs to be seen as a supporter of change of players every time a new President Telugu literature on a regular basis. comes in and we get back to square one of doing nothing. We need to be more professional to In my own estimate, the total cost for all of the above ensure a continuity of successful initiatives. is just a couple of thousand dollars per year and I do not know of any Telugu Association that cannot spend such miniscule amount for preserving and 2. Each organization may conduct two or more promoting Telugu language and literature. Can they literary contest every one or two years. One do it? Yes, they can. contest is for only NRIs (designed to promote Finally, all Telugu organizations must develop Telugu creative writing activity in USA or even some depth into their activities related to the core the world and the other contest in India. Of issues of Telugu language & literature. Our culture course, such contests are modern inventions in can be on par, if not superior with other such the absence of patronage. glorious, enduring civilizations of the world.

As NRIS, we all have more than what it takes to 3. Each organization may support selected Telugu preserve and promote Telugu language & Literary magazines and web sites as a policy and Literature. Will we do it? I do not know.

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292 2008 9¡ó £Ý ȆÙȯĒ ğ(:)ȪÛ 2008 :ȪÛ _ġh^c ţþ ÍG h7ģG 9¡ó £Ý ȆÙȯĒ ğ(:)ȪÛ :ȪÛ _ġh^c ţþ ÍG h7ģG Ever seen a person who seems to be too busy In an office environment, the management may like working, adjusting and readjusting things all the time, him for perfection but he can lose growth keeping his surroundings clean, and chasing the opportunities because he will hardly have time to ultimate order in everything he does?....sounds learn new things. Management will be more than familiar?? He will be on time to finish any work. It is happy to keep him in the same position for ever, also possible he constantly picks on others for not because he is highly reliable in the job he is doing. being so perfect in their work. At first you may feel One of the management theories for growth is that that the person is detail oriented but gradually you one has to make himself redundant by delegating the will realize that in spite of so much of ‘running work as much as possible so that he is available to around’, the result is not proportionate and it could take up next level of responsibilities. This also have been achieved even by working in a normal reinforces the philosophy that a manager has to way. This person will easily fit to be a perfectionist. manage the work through delegation and Many such people could be noticed in our day to day organization. Management will soon realize that the life. best thing to make him happy is to keep him busy.

Dictionary has its meaning for perfection as being Perfectionists usually plan ahead and take all entirely without fault or defect; other similar words precautions to avoid failure or criticism. Hence one are flawless or accurate. In simple terms it means an bright side of this attitude is that the work could ideal way of doing things. Words like no defect or normally exceed the expectations. This person would ideal way are relative terms for which there is no feel happier to see his organizing capabilities and exact reference. It all depends on the perception of possible job security it offers (sometimes) rather than the decision maker based on the acceptance criteria. repent on the lost opportunities. He will be reluctant One thing that is good for a person could be just to go for higher positions because of the fear that he sufficient for other or not at all good for some other. may not be perfect enough with those additional Different people may have different views, different responsibilities. So he will have enough excuses to situations may need different solutions and one thing remain at the same level. good today, may not be good enough tomorrow. In other words, it refers to the quality of work and its In a household environment, the inmates would be suitability for the intended purpose or meeting the quite happy to see someone so perfect because they user’s requirement. are confident that he will be on ‘top of everything’. However as time passes, they will realize that the Because of the relative nature, there is no end to person is overdoing the work, like always trying to perfection. There will always be scope for keep things in order, constantly moving around to improvement. However for some people, there could pick up or place things properly, or redoing things be no limit for this improvement. We can frequently others have done already than putting limits to his come across those who chase that ever eluding perfection and devote the additional time for other perfection. It appears as though such persons have useful work. It is like being the proverbial busy bee. their own internal scale of perfection which they try The resulting perfection is noticeable only by to achieve. discerning observers. This makes others to be complacent since whatever they do will be redone by It is good to be quality conscious but beyond a point the ‘perfect’ person. Some times, they may even get it becomes counter productive. It can actually annoyed to find a few things missing or replaced become an impediment to success or progress. As because of the relentless work of the ‘perfect’ man. one tries to be more and more perfect, he may not believe in anybody else except himself to do that job. Psychologists say “perfectionists cannot tolerate So he continues to do that without delegation or will mistakes. Even the slightest error is frustrating and drive others mad to be perfect in their work. can even generate overwhelming anxiety. It is as though each act were a life and death struggle. Each

1 2008 293 9¡ó 9¡£Ý ȆÙȯĒó £Ý ȆÙȯĒğ(ğ:)ȪÛ(:)ȪÛ 2008 :ȪÛ:ȪÛ_ġh^c_ġh^cţþ ÍGţþh7ģGÍG h7ģG mistake could cause imminent catastrophe. The end to perfection could be thought of as return Perfectionists even lose sleep worrying about projects on investment. If the outcome does not justify the in which they think they may have made a mistake. time invested, then it indicates the limit for Perfectionism is an attempt to master and control the perfection. Here again, the output is a relative term, environment”. leaving the final say to the decision maker. However there are certain generally acceptable (like a common Perfectionism is common with certain professionals law or a normal curve in statistics) limits to like engineers, technicians and scientists. For these perfection and certain people, the perfectionists, fall people, given a choice, there is no end to the work towards the farther side of these limits. they do towards perfection. Work expands depending on the availability of time. To control such activities, Even though we take it for granted that this type of professional management has developed several behavior is common among certain people, is there concepts as value of time, target dates, goals & any specific personality that is responsible? This objectives and finally the financial aspects of the person would probably does not trust any one or may work. It is not uncommon for non technical people to not have sufficient self confidence. This makes him take over the management for they mainly need to to check every thing again and again for perfection. know how to get things done rather than become part Also he is most likely to be a person who does not of the work. want to take any risks. He firmly believes in the axiom that ‘be cautious than sorry’. He may be more Possible health effects of perfectionism are described likely to avoid people but comfortable to spend time as “perfectionists and control freaks--are more alone or in smaller groups. Does this profile match susceptible to emotional and physical problems than with introvert? Probably to some extent. It may be those who are open-minded and flexible”. These possible to educate such persons by training or people may get upset if the things go against them counseling on the realities. First the person has to and the resulting anxiety may lead to complications realize that he has a problem and then try to like sleeplessness and chronic fatigue and even overcome it or seek some sort of a help like formal or disturbed domestic life. informal counseling. Sometimes, even after such realization, there may not be any change and the race to perfection will go on more vigorously with more justification.

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