The Manipulation of Audio and Visual Evidence
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ASD-Covert-Foreign-Money.Pdf
overt C Foreign Covert Money Financial loopholes exploited by AUGUST 2020 authoritarians to fund political interference in democracies AUTHORS: Josh Rudolph and Thomas Morley © 2020 The Alliance for Securing Democracy Please direct inquiries to The Alliance for Securing Democracy at The German Marshall Fund of the United States 1700 18th Street, NW Washington, DC 20009 T 1 202 683 2650 E [email protected] This publication can be downloaded for free at https://securingdemocracy.gmfus.org/covert-foreign-money/. The views expressed in GMF publications and commentary are the views of the authors alone. Cover and map design: Kenny Nguyen Formatting design: Rachael Worthington Alliance for Securing Democracy The Alliance for Securing Democracy (ASD), a bipartisan initiative housed at the German Marshall Fund of the United States, develops comprehensive strategies to deter, defend against, and raise the costs on authoritarian efforts to undermine and interfere in democratic institutions. ASD brings together experts on disinformation, malign finance, emerging technologies, elections integrity, economic coercion, and cybersecurity, as well as regional experts, to collaborate across traditional stovepipes and develop cross-cutting frame- works. Authors Josh Rudolph Fellow for Malign Finance Thomas Morley Research Assistant Contents Executive Summary �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1 Introduction and Methodology �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� -
Behavioral Plasticity Through the Modulation of Switch Neurons
Behavioral Plasticity Through the Modulation of Switch Neurons Vassilis Vassiliades, Chris Christodoulou Department of Computer Science, University of Cyprus, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus Abstract A central question in artificial intelligence is how to design agents ca- pable of switching between different behaviors in response to environmental changes. Taking inspiration from neuroscience, we address this problem by utilizing artificial neural networks (NNs) as agent controllers, and mecha- nisms such as neuromodulation and synaptic gating. The novel aspect of this work is the introduction of a type of artificial neuron we call \switch neuron". A switch neuron regulates the flow of information in NNs by se- lectively gating all but one of its incoming synaptic connections, effectively allowing only one signal to propagate forward. The allowed connection is determined by the switch neuron's level of modulatory activation which is affected by modulatory signals, such as signals that encode some informa- tion about the reward received by the agent. An important aspect of the switch neuron is that it can be used in appropriate \switch modules" in or- der to modulate other switch neurons. As we show, the introduction of the switch modules enables the creation of sequences of gating events. This is achieved through the design of a modulatory pathway capable of exploring in a principled manner all permutations of the connections arriving on the switch neurons. We test the model by presenting appropriate architectures in nonstationary binary association problems and T-maze tasks. The results show that for all tasks, the switch neuron architectures generate optimal adaptive behaviors, providing evidence that the switch neuron model could be a valuable tool in simulations where behavioral plasticity is required. -
How America Went Haywire
Have Smartphones Why Women Bully Destroyed a Each Other at Work Generation? p. 58 BY OLGA KHAZAN Conspiracy Theories. Fake News. Magical Thinking. How America Went Haywire By Kurt Andersen The Rise of the Violent Left Jane Austen Is Everything The Whitest Music Ever John le Carré Goes SEPTEMBER 2017 Back Into the Cold THEATLANTIC.COM 0917_Cover [Print].indd 1 7/19/2017 1:57:09 PM TerTeTere msm appppply.ly Viistsits ameierier cancaanexpexpresre scs.cs.s com/om busbubusinesspsplatl inuummt to learnmn moreorer . Hogarth &Ogilvy Hogarth 212.237.7000 CODE: FILE: DESCRIPTION: 29A-008875-25C-PBC-17-238F.indd PBC-17-238F TAKE A BREAK BEFORE TAKING ONTHEWORLD ABREAKBEFORETAKING TAKE PUB/POST: The Atlantic -9/17issue(Due TheAtlantic SAP #: #: WORKORDER PRODUCTION: AP.AP PBC.17020.K.011 AP.AP al_stacked_l_18in_wide_cmyk.psd Art: D.Hanson AP17006A_003C_EarlyCheckIn_SWOP3.tif 008875 BLEED: TRIM: LIVE: (CMYK; 3881 ppi; Up toDate) (CMYK; 3881ppi;Up 15.25” x10” 15.75”x10.5” 16”x10.75” (CMYK; 908 ppi; Up toDate), (CMYK; 908ppi;Up 008875-13A-TAKE_A_BREAK_CMYK-TintRev.eps 008875-13A-TAKE_A_BREAK_CMYK-TintRev.eps (Up toDate), (Up AP- American Express-RegMark-4C.ai AP- AmericanExpress-RegMark-4C.ai (Up toDate), (Up sbs_fr_chg_plat_met- at americanexpress.com/exploreplatinum at PlatinumMembership Business of theworld Explore FineHotelsandResorts. hand-picked 975 atover head your andclear early Arrive TerTeTere msm appppply.ly Viistsits ameierier cancaanexpexpresre scs.cs.s com/om busbubusinesspsplatl inuummt to learnmn moreorer . Hogarth &Ogilvy Hogarth 212.237.7000 -
The Question of Algorithmic Personhood and Being
Article The Question of Algorithmic Personhood and Being (Or: On the Tenuous Nature of Human Status and Humanity Tests in Virtual Spaces—Why All Souls Are ‘Necessarily’ Equal When Considered as Energy) Tyler Lance Jaynes Alden March Bioethics Institute, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA; [email protected] Abstract: What separates the unique nature of human consciousness and that of an entity that can only perceive the world via strict logic-based structures? Rather than assume that there is some potential way in which logic-only existence is non-feasible, our species would be better served by assuming that such sentient existence is feasible. Under this assumption, artificial intelligence systems (AIS), which are creations that run solely upon logic to process data, even with self-learning architectures, should therefore not face the opposition they have to gaining some legal duties and protections insofar as they are sophisticated enough to display consciousness akin to humans. Should our species enable AIS to gain a digital body to inhabit (if we have not already done so), it is more pressing than ever that solid arguments be made as to how humanity can accept AIS as being cognizant of the same degree as we ourselves claim to be. By accepting the notion that AIS can and will be able to fool our senses into believing in their claim to possessing a will or ego, we may yet Citation: Jaynes, T.L. The Question have a chance to address them as equals before some unforgivable travesty occurs betwixt ourselves of Algorithmic Personhood and Being and these super-computing beings. -
Alan Dershowitz
Debunking the Newest – and Oldest – Jewish Conspiracy: A Reply to the Mearsheimer-Walt “Working Paper” Alan Dershowitz Harvard Law School April 2006 The author of this paper is solely responsible for the views expressed in it. As an academic institution, Harvard University does not take a position on the scholarship of individual faculty members, and this paper should not be interpreted or portrayed as reflecting the official position of the University or any of its Schools. L:\Research\Sponsored Research\WP RR RAO\WP response paper\Dershowitz.response.paper.doc Words count: 9733 Last printed 4/5/2006 1:13:00 PM Created on 4/5/2006 1:08:00 PM Page 1 of 45 Debunking the Newest – and Oldest – Jewish Conspiracy1: A Reply to the Mearsheimer-Walt “Working Paper” by Alan Dershowitz2 Introduction The publication, on the Harvard Kennedy School web site, of a “working paper,” written by a professor and academic dean at the Kennedy School and a prominent professor at the University of Chicago, has ignited a hailstorm of controversy and raised troubling questions. The paper was written by two self-described foreign-policy “realists,” Professor Stephen Walt and Professor John Mearsheimer.3 It asserts that the Israel “Lobby” – a cabal whose “core” is “American Jews” – has a “stranglehold” on mainstream American media, think tanks, academia, and the government.4 The Lobby is led by the American-Israel Public Affairs Committee (“AIPAC”), which the authors characterize as a “de facto agent of a foreign government” that places the interests of that government ahead of the interests of the United States.5 Jewish political contributors use Jewish “money” to blackmail government officials, while “Jewish philanthropists” influence and “police” academic programs and shape public opinion.6 Jewish “congressional staffers” exploit their roles and betray the trust of their bosses by 1 Article citations reference John J. -
A General Principle of Dendritic Constancy – a Neuron's Size And
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/787911; this version posted October 1, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Dendritic constancy Cuntz et al. A general principle of dendritic constancy – a neuron’s size and shape invariant excitability *Hermann Cuntza,b, Alexander D Birda,b, Marcel Beininga,b,c,d, Marius Schneidera,b, Laura Mediavillaa,b, Felix Z Hoffmanna,b, Thomas Dellerc,1, Peter Jedlickab,c,e,1 a Ernst Strungmann¨ Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in cooperation with the Max Planck Society, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany b Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany c Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany d Max Planck Insitute for Brain Research, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany e ICAR3R – Interdisciplinary Centre for 3Rs in Animal Research, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany 1 Joint senior authors *[email protected] Keywords Electrotonic analysis, Compartmental model, Morphological model, Excitability, Neuronal scaling, Passive normalisation, Cable theory 1/57 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/787911; this version posted October 1, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. -
2020 Fresh Reads Discussion Guide for Jonathan Safran Foer's We Are
2020 Fresh Reads Discussion Guide for Jonathan Safran Foer’s We Are the Weather: Saving the Planet Begins at Breakfast Memphis Reads events include: August 14, 2020 – Christian Brothers University Zoom, 11:30 am/ following the President’s welcome. Eric Barnes of The Daily Memphian will speak. Discussion Groups to follow. Discussion Groups will be on Friday, August 14, 1 pm. September 10, 2020 – Christian Brothers University Zoom, 7:30 pm, Jonathan Safran Foer talk and Q and A. September 10, 2020 – Rhodes College Zoom, 5:30 pm. Communities in Conversation with Jonathan Safran Foer. Please contact Karen Golightly at [email protected] if you have any problems during Welcome Weekend with Fresh Reads. Summary Some people reject the fact, overwhelmingly supported by scientists, that our planet is warming because of human activity. But do those of us who accept the reality of human-caused climate change truly believe it? If we did, surely we would be roused to act on what we know. Will future generations distinguish between those who didn’t believe in the science of global warming and those who said they accepted the science but failed to change their lives in response? In We Are the Weather, Jonathan Safran Foer explores the central global dilemma of our time in a surprising, deeply personal, and urgent new way. The task of saving the planet will involve a great reckoning with ourselves—with our all-too-human reluctance to sacrifice immediate comfort for the sake of the future. We have, he reveals, turned our planet into a farm for growing animal products, and the consequences are catastrophic. -
Simulation and Analysis of Neuro-Memristive Hybrid Circuits
Simulation and analysis of neuro-memristive hybrid circuits João Alexandre da Silva Pereira Reis Mestrado em Física Departamento de Física e Astronomia 2016 Orientador Paulo de Castro Aguiar, Investigador Auxiliar do Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto Coorientador João Oliveira Ventura, Investigador Auxiliar do Departamento de Física e Astronomia da Universidade do Porto Todas as correções determinadas pelo júri, e só essas, foram efetuadas. O Presidente do Júri, Porto, ______/______/_________ U P M’ P Simulation and analysis of neuro-memristive hybrid circuits Advisor: Author: Dr. Paulo A João Alexandre R Co-Advisor: Dr. João V A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science A at A Department of Physics and Astronomy Faculty of Science of University of Porto II FCUP II Simulation and analysis of neuro-memristive hybrid circuits FCUP III Simulation and analysis of neuro-memristive hybrid circuits III Acknowledgments First and foremost, I need to thank my dissertation advisors Dr. Paulo Aguiar and Dr. João Ven- tura for their constant counsel, however basic my doubts were or which wall I ran into. Regardless of my stubbornness to stick to my way to research and write, they were always there for me. Of great importance, because of our shared goals, Catarina Dias and Mónica Cerquido helped me have a fixed and practical outlook to my research. During the this dissertation, I attended MemoCIS, a training school of memristors, which helped me have a more concrete perspective on state of the art research on technical details, modeling considerations and concrete proposed and realized applications. -
5. Neuromorphic Chips
Neuromorphic chips for the Artificial Brain Jaeseung Jeong, Ph.D Program of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, KAIST Silicon-based artificial intelligence is not efficient Prediction, expectation, and error Artificial Information processor vs. Biological information processor Core 2 Duo Brain • 65 watts • 10 watts • 291 million transistors • 100 billion neurons • >200nW/transistor • ~100pW/neuron Comparison of scales Molecules Channels Synapses Neurons CNS 0.1nm 10nm 1mm 0.1mm 1cm 1m Silicon Transistors Logic Multipliers PIII Parallel Gates Processors Motivation and Objective of neuromorphic engineering Problem • As compared to biological systems, today’s intelligent machines are less efficient by a factor of a million to a billion in complex environments. • For intelligent machines to be useful, they must compete with biological systems. Human Cortex Computer Simulation for Cerebral Cortex 20 Watts 1010 Watts 10 Objective I.4 Liter 4x 10 Liters • Develop electronic, neuromorphic machine technology that scales to biological level for efficient artificial intelligence. 9 Why Neuromorphic Engineering? Interest in exploring Interest in building neuroscience neurally inspired systems Key Advantages • The system is dynamic: adaptation • What if our primitive gates were a neuron computation? a synapse computation? a piece of dendritic cable? • Efficient implementations compute in their memory elements – more efficient than directly reading all the coefficients. Biology and Silicon Devices Similar physics of biological channels and p-n junctions -
Physiological Role of AMPAR Nanoscale Organization at Basal State and During Synaptic Plasticities Benjamin Compans
Physiological role of AMPAR nanoscale organization at basal state and during synaptic plasticities Benjamin Compans To cite this version: Benjamin Compans. Physiological role of AMPAR nanoscale organization at basal state and during synaptic plasticities. Human health and pathology. Université de Bordeaux, 2017. English. NNT : 2017BORD0700. tel-01753429 HAL Id: tel-01753429 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01753429 Submitted on 29 Mar 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THÈSE PRÉSENTÉE POUR OBTENIR LE GRADE DE DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITÉ DE BORDEAUX ÉCOLE DOCTORALE DES SCIENCES DE LA VIE ET DE LA SANTE SPÉCIALITÉ NEUROSCIENCES Par Benjamin COMPANS Rôle physiologique de l’organisation des récepteurs AMPA à l’échelle nanométrique à l’état basal et lors des plasticités synaptiques Sous la direction de : Eric Hosy Soutenue le 19 Octobre 2017 Membres du jury Stéphane Oliet Directeur de Recherche CNRS Président Jean-Louis Bessereau PU/PH Université de Lyon Rapporteur Sabine Levi Directeur de Recherche CNRS Rapporteur Ryohei Yasuda Directeur de Recherche Max Planck Florida Institute Examinateur Yukiko Goda Directeur de Recherche Riken Brain Science Institute Examinateur Daniel Choquet Directeur de Recherche CNRS Invité 1 Interdisciplinary Institute for NeuroSciences (IINS) CNRS UMR 5297 Université de Bordeaux Centre Broca Nouvelle-Aquitaine 146 Rue Léo Saignat 33076 Bordeaux (France) 2 Résumé Le cerveau est formé d’un réseau complexe de neurones responsables de nos fonctions cognitives et de nos comportements. -
Draft Nstac Report to the President On
THE PRESIDENT’S NATIONAL SECURITY TELECOMMUNICATIONS ADVISORY COMMITTEE DRAFT NSTAC REPORT TO THE PRESIDENT DRAFTon Communications Resiliency TBD Table of Contents Executive Summary .......................................................................................................ES-1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................1 Scoping and Charge.............................................................................................................2 Subcommittee Process ........................................................................................................3 Summary of Report Structure ...............................................................................................3 The Future State of ICT .......................................................................................................4 ICT Vision ...........................................................................................................................4 Wireline Segment ............................................................................................................5 Satellite Segment............................................................................................................6 Wireless 5G/6G ..............................................................................................................7 Public Safety Communications ..........................................................................................8 -
What Are Computational Neuroscience and Neuroinformatics? Computational Neuroscience
Department of Mathematical Sciences B12412: Computational Neuroscience and Neuroinformatics What are Computational Neuroscience and Neuroinformatics? Computational Neuroscience Computational Neuroscience1 is an interdisciplinary science that links the diverse fields of neu- roscience, computer science, physics and applied mathematics together. It serves as the primary theoretical method for investigating the function and mechanism of the nervous system. Com- putational neuroscience traces its historical roots to the the work of people such as Andrew Huxley, Alan Hodgkin, and David Marr. Hodgkin and Huxley's developed the voltage clamp and created the first mathematical model of the action potential. David Marr's work focused on the interactions between neurons, suggesting computational approaches to the study of how functional groups of neurons within the hippocampus and neocortex interact, store, process, and transmit information. Computational modeling of biophysically realistic neurons and dendrites began with the work of Wilfrid Rall, with the first multicompartmental model using cable theory. Computational neuroscience is distinct from psychological connectionism and theories of learning from disciplines such as machine learning,neural networks and statistical learning theory in that it emphasizes descriptions of functional and biologically realistic neurons and their physiology and dynamics. These models capture the essential features of the biological system at multiple spatial-temporal scales, from membrane currents, protein and chemical coupling to network os- cillations and learning and memory. These computational models are used to test hypotheses that can be directly verified by current or future biological experiments. Currently, the field is undergoing a rapid expansion. There are many software packages, such as NEURON, that allow rapid and systematic in silico modeling of realistic neurons.