DOCSLIB.ORG

Cotton Substitute Improves Women's Lives Disposable Feminine Sanitary Pads Story

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Cotton Substitute Improves Women's Lives Disposable Feminine Sanitary Pads Story cotton substitute improves women's lives Disposable feminine sanitary pads story With World War I raging in Europe and provoking cotton Kotex pads were K-C's first shortages, Kimberly-Clark executives realized that the consumer product, and they Cellucotton developed by their researchers were nothing short of could be used as a cotton substitute for a revolutionary. Made from 40 variety of purposes. Ernst Mahler, head of plies of absorbent creped the research, technical and engineering cellulose wadding shaped department, traveled to Washington D.C. in a rectangle and wrapped to convince the U.S. surgeon general that by hand in gauze, those its new product Cellucotton would be an first napkins were bulky by ideal substitute for surgical cotton dressing today's standard, but they in treating war wounds. K-C researchers performed very well. For 60 cents, customers received 12 had discovered that Cellucotton, creped napkins packaged in a "hospital blue" box. cellulose wadding found on a fact-finding mission to Europe and later refined by K-C Breaking Down Barriers researchers, was five times more absorbent than cotton and, Now it was time to tell the world about Kotex. Society's prim when mass produced, could cost half as much. attitudes at the time regarding the subject of menstruation created a barrier that K-C executives had to break down to be Nurses Discover New Use for Bandages successful. One publication after Mahler was successful in his presentation. After the U.S. another refused to accept entered the war in 1917, K-C produced wadding for surgical advertising for Kotex pads until, dressing for the government and the Red Cross at the rate of finally, after much discussion on the 380 to 500 feet per minute. Red Cross nurses were using the appropriateness of copy, the new material as sanitary pads during their menstrual periods. Ladies Home Journal agreed to Until then, "American women wore a diaper of bird's-eye or run an ad. It featured a picture of outing flannel, which they were obliged to wash and reuse," a sophisticated woman and was according to the book The Curse, A Cultural History of headlined, "In the wardrobe of Menstruation. Her Royal Daintiness." It was accompanied by copy describing The end of the war in 1918 the product's background and brought about a temporary benefits. suspension of K-C's wadding business because Still, many drug and department its principal customers - stores refused to stock Kotex pads. the army and the Red Sales were disappointing and Cross - no longer had a K-C executives had come to an impasse - should K-C drop need for the product. K-C Kotex pads and write off its investment or keep trying? The repurchased the leaders of K-C decided it was worth the risk to continue to government's war-surplus manufacture and sell the product. Cellucotton and had to figure out what to do with it. After learning of how the nurses created a new use for the product, The Kotex brand, of course, eventually became one of the K-C executives and scientists believed that they could develop greatest success stories in the history of American consumer a viable commercial consumer product for women everywhere. products. Through massive education efforts and innovative advertising campaigns, K-C confronted and broke down K-C Develops Sanitary Napkin society's preconceptions and stereotypes regarding After two years of intensive study, experimentation and market menstruation. testing, the K-C team created a sanitary napkin made from Cellucotton and Evolving to Meet Women's Needs fine gauze, and K-C continues to deliver new in 1920, in a little and improved feminine wooden shed in hygiene products that Neenah, Wis., make women's lives easier female employees through the application of began turning technological advances, out the product the opinions of medical by hand. Kotex experts and key insights (for "cotton gained from our customers, texture") was shoppers and users. To learn introduced to the more about Kotex products, public in October visit www.kotex.com. 1920. .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Sanitary Napkins
    SANITARY NAPKINS TAMPONS MENSTRUAL CUPS REUSABLE PADS MENSTRUAL CLOTH SANITARY NAPKINS/PADS TAMPONS MENSTRUALMenstrual CUPS Products & REUSABLEtheir Disposal PADS MENSTRUAL CLOTH SANITARY PADS SANITARYABOUT TOXICS LINK NAPKINS Toxics Link is an Indian environmental research and advocacy organization set up in 1996, engaged in disseminating information to help strengthen the campaign against toxics pollution, provide cleaner alternatives and bring together groups and people affected by this problem. Toxics Link’s Mission Statement is “Working together for environmental justice and freedom from toxics”. We have taken upon ourselves to collect and share both information about the sources and TAMPONSdanger of poisons in our environment and bodies, and information about clean and sustainable alternatives for India and the rest of the MENSTRUALworld. CUPS REUSABLERESEARCH TEAMS PADS Study & Report: Priti Mahesh, Chief Programme Coordinator Dr. Aakanksha Mehrotra, Programme Coordinator Inputs: Kopal Dixit, Programme Officer MENSTRUALField Study: Vinod Kumar Sharma, Programme Assistant CLOTH SANITARY NAPKINS/PADS TAMPONS Copyright © Toxics Link, 2021 All rights reserved For further information: Toxics Link H2 (Ground Floor), Jungpura Extension New Delhi - 110014, India Phone: 91-11-24328006, 24320711 Fax: 91-11-24321747 www.toxicslink.org SANITARY NAPKINS TAMPONS MENSTRUAL CUPS REUSABLE PADS MENSTRUAL CLOTH SANITARY NAPKINS/PADS Menstrual TAMPONSProducts & MENSTRUALtheir Disposal CUPS REUSABLE PADS MENSTRUAL CLOTH SANITARY PADS1 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS
    [Show full text]
  • Design of an Absorbent and Comfortable Sanitary Napkin for Applications in Developing Countries
    Design of an absorbent and comfortable sanitary napkin for applications in developing countries By Anika Gupta Submitted to the Department of Materials Science and Engineering in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology June 2014 Signature of Author ……………………………………………………………………....... Department of Materials Science and Engineering May 2, 2010 Certified by…………………………………………………...………………..................... Lorna Gibson Professor of Materials Science and Engineering Thesis Supervisor Accepted by…………………………………………...……………………….................... Professor Jeffrey C. Grossman Professor of Materials Science and Engineering Chairman, Undergraduate Thesis Committee 1 Design of an absorbent and comfortable sanitary napkin for applications in developing countries By Anika Gupta Submitted to the Department of Materials Science and Engineering on May 2, 2014 in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Materials Science and Engineering ABSTRACT Menstrual hygiene is an often-ignored problem in international development: lack of access to sanitation keeps women out of schools and the labor force. Sanitary napkin solutions to this issue normally focus on supply chain and manufacturing. This study aims to look at solutions from a materials perspective, assessing available materials for the properties needed for a good napkin, and reviewing the literature for comparison between these and other materials. Tests for absorption, comfort, durability, and drying time are measured on materials ranging from foam to traditional cottons both individually and in combination. These tests include microscopy observations, retention and wicking rate, tensile resistance, stiffness, and roughness. Though no single design emerges as the most effective for this application, clear differences emerge across materials that narrow down the options for optimal design.
    [Show full text]
  • Sanitary Pads and Diapers
    sustainability Review Safety Evaluation of Absorbent Hygiene Pads: A Review on Assessment Framework and Test Methods Jihyun Bae 1, Hoonjeong Kwon 2,3 and Jooyoun Kim 3,4,* 1 Department of Clothing and Textiles, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea; [email protected] 2 Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea; [email protected] 3 Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea 4 Department of Textiles, Merchandising and Fashion Design, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +82-2-880-6846 Received: 8 October 2018; Accepted: 9 November 2018; Published: 11 November 2018 Abstract: Disposable absorbent hygiene products have evolved for superior performance, enhancing the convenience of daily lives. However, the use of disposable hygiene pads has brought safety concerns on chemical exposure, and significant efforts have been made to assess the potential risks associated with use of hygiene pads. This article intends to overview the safety assessment framework of diapers and feminine pads, which includes hazard identification, hazard characterization, exposure assessment, risk characterization, and post-market risk management. Risk assessment of various constituents are reviewed for quantification methods and conservative estimation of exposure parameters. By reviewing the up-to-date considerations in risk assessment, we aim to provide insightful discussion on safety evaluation of current versions of disposable absorbent products. More clinical testing and post-market surveillance are needed for continuous monitoring of potential health impacts of advanced products and constituents.
    [Show full text]
  • The Standards for Marketing Approval of Sanitary Napkins
    Provisional Translation from Japanese Original Mar 25, 2015 Notification PFSB No.0325-17 The Standards for Marketing Approval of Sanitary Napkins 1. Scope of the standards The standards shall be applied to quasi-drugs designed to absorb and treat menstrual blood (hereinafter referred to as “sanitary napkins”). 2. Standards The following standards are applied to sanitary napkins. For sanitary napkins that do not meet these standards, the submission of necessary documents regarding the efficacy, safety, and quality of constituent materials, etc. shall be required for review. (1) Sanitary napkins shall meet the Quality Specifications for Sanitary Napkins specified in Exhibit 1. (2) The materials shall meet the Material Standards for Sanitary Napkins specified in Exhibit 2. Each material shall meet the specifications listed and the scope of use encircled in the matrix of Exhibit 2. (3) Sanitary napkins shall meet the following requirements for components and shape. i. Each sanitary napkin shall consist of “surface material(s)”, “absorbent material(s)”, “leak-protection material(s)”, “binding material(s)”, “fixing material(s)”, “identification material(s)” and “other material(s)” listed in attached Table. ii. Each sanitary napkin shall be formed as a single unit, which is not less than 140 mm in length, 45 mm in width, 1 mm in thickness and 2 g in weight. - 1 - (4) The dosage and administration shall be “appropriate number of napkins shall be used accordingly as need arises”. (5) The indication shall be “for menstrual blood treatment.” Attached Table: List of components Surface material Material that covers the absorbent material and is in direct contact with the body Absorbent material Material that absorbs menstrual blood Leak-protection Material that protects against leakage of menstrual material blood during menstrual blood absorption.
    [Show full text]
  • Hemphill V. Kimberly-Clark Corp
    NOTE: This disposition is nonprecedential. United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit 2010-1047 ALLEGRA HEMPHILL, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. KIMBERLY-CLARK CORPORATION, Defendant-Appellee, and PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY, Defendant-Appellee. Allegra Hemphill, of Washington, DC, pro se. Vicki Margolis, Kimberly-Clark Corporation, of Neenah, Wisconsin, for defendant- appellee Kimberly-Clark Corporation. Of counsel on the brief was Rebecca G. Lombard, Venable LLP, of Washington, DC. On the brief for defendant-appellee Procter & Gamble Company was Gregory A. Castanias, Jones Day, of Washington, DC. Appealed from: United States District Court for the District of Columbia Judge Rosemary M. Collyer NOTE: This disposition is nonprecedential. United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit 2010-1047 ALLEGRA HEMPHILL, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. KIMBERLY-CLARK CORPORATION, Defendant-Appellee, and PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY, Defendant-Appellee. Appeal from the United States District Court for the District of Columbia in case no. 09-CV-0004, Judge Rosemary M. Collyer. ___________________________ DECIDED: May 4, 2010 ___________________________ Before MICHEL, Chief Judge, LOURIE, and BRYSON, Circuit Judges. PER CURIAM. DECISION Allegra D. Hemphill appeals from an order issued by the United States District Court for the District of Columbia enjoining her from filing any new patent infringement lawsuits against Proctor & Gamble Company (“P&G”) and Kimberly-Clark Corporation (“K-C”) without prior leave of court. In view of Ms. Hemphill’s history of bringing meritless and duplicative litigation against P&G and K-C, we hold that the trial court did not abuse its discretion by entering the order. We therefore affirm. BACKGROUND Ms. Hemphill is the named inventor on United States Patent No.
    [Show full text]
  • Natural and Sustainable Raw Materials for Sanitary Napkin
    Scienc ile e & Barman et al., J Textile Sci Eng 2017, 7:3 xt e E T n : g DOI 10.4172/2165-8064.1000308 f i o n l e a e n r r i n u g o J Journal of Textile Science & Engineering ISSN: 2165-8064 Research Article Article Open Access Natural and Sustainable Raw Materials for Sanitary Napkin Barman A*, Katkar PM and Asagekar SD Department of Textile, DKTE, Society’s Textile and Engineering Institute Ichalkaranji, Maharashtra, India Abstract The present paper highlights the issue of non-biodegradability of personal hygiene product and how it has become a serious environmental concern all over the world. Emphasis is given to use naturally available absorbent fibres such as organic cotton, banana fibre, jute, bamboo etc., which are widely available and biodegradable in nature having low carbon footprint which not only makes it eco-friendly but also reduces the cost of sanitary pad. And to enhance the retention of fluid cellulose based hydro gel can be used instead of synthetic super absorbent polymer. Sustainability of hygiene product can be attained by replacing petroleum based raw material with an eco- friendly one. Keywords: Biopolymer; Biodegradability; Natural fibre; Sustainable sheet are made up of polypropylene fibre [3]. material b) Absorbent core: It is interposed between top sheet and barrier Introduction layer main function is to absorb and retain the fluid. Moreover, to have comfort, absorbent core need to be thin, soft and pliable. The core Currently, the world is facing a very big problem of carbon was made up of wood pulp traditionally but there is constant effort footprint of feminine hygiene product.
    [Show full text]
  • Reading Material for ASHA
    Menstrual Hygiene Reading Material for ASHA Menstrual Hygiene: Reading Material for ASHA iii Contents I. Background 3 II. Objec ves of the Training 4 III. About Menstrua on 4 IV. What are the Problems that a Girl may Encounter During Menstrua on? 6 V. Menstrual Hygiene, Use and Disposal of Sanitary Napkins 7 VI. Key ac vi es to Promote Menstrual Hygiene 10 Menstrual Hygiene: Reading Material for ASHA 1 I. Background Why a programme on Menstrual Hygiene? Good menstrual hygiene is essen al for the health and dignity of girls and women. Discussions on menstrual hygiene are important for adolescent girls to clarify exis ng myths and misconcep ons around menstrua on. Improving menstrual hygiene is important from the point of view of personal comfort and increased mobility. It also reduces the likelihood of infec ons resul ng from poor hygiene prac ces during menstrua on. Providing girls with knowledge and skills on maintaining menstrual hygiene improves school a endance among girls, who otherwise may not a end school during those days or even drop out of school altogether. How to promote Menstrual Hygiene? Promo ng menstrual hygiene is achieved through: Provision of health educa on to girls and women on menstrua on and menstrual hygiene Increasing community ac on to improve access to clean toilets with water, both at home and in schools Promo ng the availability and use of sanitary products Enabling safe disposal of sanitary products Who can promote Menstrual Hygiene? Menstrual Hygiene can be promoted in the community and in schools. It is best to start with adolescent girls; although, other women in the reproduc ve age group would also benefi t from the informa on and access to sanitary products.
    [Show full text]
  • Let's Talk Some More About the Menstrual Cycle?
    1 Theof Let’s talk some more about the menstrual cycle? You probably already noticed your body is 2 3 changing. You might also be feeling things differently, both emotionally and physically, right? many Whatever the case, remember that you are not alone – everyone you know (including the boys) will go through puberty. It’s natural and perfectly OK! The more information you get on the subject, the more you will feel comfortable and self-confident! THE PHYSICAL CHANGES YOU WILL NOTICE ARE TELLING YOU THAT PUBERTY HAS ARRIVED: To show you that getting your period isn’t really YOUR BREASTS GROW; that big a deal, we have prepared a primer that YOUR NIPPLES BECOME MORE PRONOUNCED; explains everything about the menstrual cycle, PMS, and what to expect during your period. YOUR HIPS BECOME WIDER; HAIR BEGINS TO GROW IN YOUR ARMPITS AND PUBIC REGION; YOUR BODY GETS MORE CURVES; YOUR GENITALS GROW DARKER AND THICKER; PUBERTY IS A PERIOD WHEN YOU BEGIN NOTICING A VAGINAL DISCHARGE; YOUR BODY UNDERGOES OVULATION BEGINS; MANY CHANGES THAT WILL PREPARE YOU TO BECOME YOU GET YOUR PERIOD FOR THE FIRST TIME. AN ADULT. GIRLS PUBERTY NORMALLY HAPPENS YOUR REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS ARE THERE SINCE YOU BETWEEN THE AGE OF 10 TO WERE BORN, BUT THEY ONLY MATURE DURING PUBERTY. 14 YEARS OLD. EACH GIRL IS THAT HAPPENS WHEN YOUR BODY PRODUCES A DIFFERENT, AND NO TIMING HORMONE CALLED ESTROGEN, WHICH REGULATES IS BETTER OR WORSE. YOUR MENSTRUAL CYCLE. happen? The vast majority of women get their period; it happens throughout all of the THE ENDOMETRIUM years a woman can become pregnant LINES THE INSIDE OF and conceive a new life.
    [Show full text]
  • Sanitary Dignity Policy
    SANITARY DIGNITY FRAMEWORK June 2019 1 Contents 1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 1 2 DEFINITIONS .......................................................................................................................................... 1 3 BACKGROUND AND MANDATE ........................................................................................................... 3 3.1 BACKGROUND ...................................................................................................................................................................3 3.2 MANDATE OF THE DEPARTMENT OF WOMEN, YOUTH AND PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES ............................. 5 3.3 THIS FRAMEWORK IS SUBJECT TO ...............................................................................................................................6 4 PROBLEM STATEMENT ........................................................................................................................ 6 5 GUIDING LEGAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORKS .................................................................................. 8 6 FRAMEWORK PRINCIPLES: SANITARY DIGNITY ............................................................................... 9 6.1 WHAT IS SANITARY DIGNITY? ......................................................................................................... 9 6.2 WHY SANITARY DIGNITY?..............................................................................................................10
    [Show full text]
  • Absorbency of Biodegradable Materials for Menstrual Hygiene Management Products in Low-And Middle- Income Countries
    Absorbency of Biodegradable Materials for Menstrual Hygiene Management Products in Low-and Middle- income Countries Jasmin Foster ( [email protected] ) Abbotsleigh School https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4069-6482 Paul Montgomery University of Birmingham Edgbaston campus: University of Birmingham Research Keywords: biodegradable, bamboo, natural bre, absorptivity index, sanitary pad, menstruation Posted Date: March 16th, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-306469/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Version of Record: A version of this preprint was published at International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health on September 16th, 2021. See the published version at https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189766. Page 1/11 Abstract Introduction Girls in low-and middle-income countries struggle to maintain good menstrual hygiene in part due to a lack of affordable sanitary products. The unaffordability of reliable sanitary products can lead to school absenteeism and is a barrier to education attainment and gender equality for girls in low income contexts. Further the lack of adequate disposal facilities can lead to social embarrassment and environmental pollution. Methods Low-cost biodegradable absorbents (cotton terry cloth, linen, hemp cloth and bamboo wadding) were investigated in gelatine solution in terms of their absorptivity for use in menstrual hygiene. Results Bamboo wadding exhibits the highest absorptivity index (7.86), greater than cotton terry cloth (0.84), hemp cloth (1.4), linen (1.57) and a commercial sanitary pad (4.38). Conclusions Though the absorptivity index of bamboo wadding is promising, especially in the light of the vast availability of bamboo in tropical low-and middle income countries, challenges lie in overcoming complex extraction processes from bamboo plants which is discussed.
    [Show full text]
  • Menstrual Period)
    Menstruation (Menstrual Period) Menstruation (men-stroo-AY-shun) is a very normal and natural part of growing up and becoming a woman. Your body is going through many physical and emotional changes right now, and menstruation is just one part of these changes. When Menstruation Starts Sometime between the ages of 6 and 12, your body will begin to change. Your breasts will begin to enlarge and hair will grow in your pubic area (groin) and under your arms. Within 2 to 3 years after these changes have started, you may have your first menstrual period. How It All Happens There are some definite changes inside a girl's body, too. Several of the body's organs play a part in the monthly menstrual cycle (Picture 1): Every month the pituitary (pi-TEW-i-terr-ee) gland at the base of the brain releases hormones into the bloodstream. These Picture 1 The reproductive hormones are chemicals which send a signal to the ovaries. organs inside the body. Both ovaries contain thousands of tiny eggs. Every month an egg is released from one of the ovaries (Picture 2, page 2). The egg travels through one of the fallopian (fuh-LO-pee-un) tubes to the uterus. The uterus (YOO-tur-us) is an organ behind your bladder (Picture 2). It thickens each month with a blood-filled lining. If the egg has not been fertilized (joined by a sperm from a male), this lining is shed, and passes out of the body through the vagina. This happens once each month and lasts 3 to 7 days.
    [Show full text]
  • P APER PRODUCTS Towel Dispensers/Feminine Hygiene
    Towel Dispensers/Feminine Hygiene A A. STANDARD ULTRAFOLD TOWEL DISPENSER SAN JAMAR Multifold/C-fold towel dispenser: Low profile design makes this dispenser ideal for small places. The Present® System unfolds the towel for full sheet use and one-at-a-time towel 1 presentation of C-fold or multifold towels. Adhesive backs for easy mounting. Capacity: 1 /2 to 2 sleeves. Break-resistant plastic. 1 1 62571750 T1750TBK 11 /2'' x 11 /2'' x 6'', Black Pearl 1/ea. B. ULTRAFOLD PRESENT® FOLDED TOWEL DISPENSER SAN JAMAR Multifold/C-fold towel dispenser: The Ultrafold Present® System offers a touchless, smooth towel presentation that is 50% more capacity than a standard folded towel dispenser. Higher capacity reduces refill of towels. Capacity: Three full sleeves. Break-resistant plastic. Color: B Black Pearl. 3 1 62570700 T1700TBK 450 C-fold, 750 Multifold, 18''H x 11 /4''W x 6 /4''D 1/ea. TAMPONS C C. TAMPONS HOSPITAL SPECIALTY Maxithins® Comfort Plus Regular absorbency, open end flushable tampon with sewn-in cord. Paper overwrap, tampon and applicator all flushable and biodegradable. Foodservice convenience case of 100 ct. PAPER PRODUCTS PAPER 14500100 MT100FS 100/cs. Regular absorbency. In vending tubes. Individually wrapped. 14500010 MT500 500/cs. Tampax® Original regular Tampax tampons, in vending tube. 14501010 T500 500/cs. D D. TAMPONS ROCHESTER MIDLAND Naturelle® Naturelle tampons are enclosed in a protective sleeve and have all of the features of the leading brands. Easy-to-use smooth tip. Four-ply cardboard applicator that is biodegradable and flushable. Posi-Lock Punch to prevent accidental tube disassembly.
    [Show full text]