The dBASE Book Developing Windows Applications With dBASE PLUS

Ken Mayer

Second Edition The dBASE Book Developing Windows Applications With dBASE PLUS by Ken Mayer

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the author, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review. Copyright © 2005, 2007 by Kenneth (Ken) J. Mayer ISBN: 1-4288-7448-9 (sc) print 978-0-9812906-4-5 (electronic pdf file) First Published by AuthorHouse 5/1/2007 Electronic version published by Freedom Graphics Press, Lytton, BC, Canada V0K 1Z0 on 6/26/2010 First Printing, 2005; Second Printing, 2007 Printed in the United States of America

Trademark and Copyright acknowledgments:  Visual dBASE, dBASE, dBASE PLUS, dQuery and variations of these product names and words are registered trademarks of dataBased Intelligence, Inc.  Borland Database Engine, BDE, Paradox, InterBase and Delphi are registered trademarks of Borland International, Inc.  Microsoft, Windows XP (and all other forms of the names of the Windows operating system), Word, Excel, FoxPro are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.  Quicken is a registered trademark of Intuit, Inc.  Inno Setup is copyrighted to Jordan Russel and Martijn Laan  Apache is copyrighted to the Apache Software Foundation

No attempt has been made to designate as trademarks or service marks all personal computer words or terms in which proprietary rights might exist. The inclusion, exclusion or definition of a word or term is not intended to affect, or express any judgement on, the validity or legal status of any proprietary right which may be claimed in that word or term.

Disclaimer The author and publisher have used their best efforts in preparing this book, and the programs contained herein. However, the author and publisher make no warranties of any kind, express or implied, with regard to the documentation or programs contained in this book, and specifically disclaim without any limitations, any implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose with respect to program listings in the book and/or the techniques described in the book. In no event shall the author or publisher be responsible or liable for any loss or profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential or any other damages in connection with or arising out of furnishing, performance, or use of this book or the programs. Table of Contents

Table of Contents

About the Author...... 1 Acknowledgments and Thanks...... 3 Introduction...... 5 Part I - Getting Started...... 7 Chapter 1 - Setup and Parts of the Environment...... 9 dQuery – the Startup Program...... 9 Some Basic Setup...... 9 The dBASE Desktop...... 14 The Title Bar...... 14 The Menu Bar...... 15 The Tool Bar...... 15 The Navigator Window...... 15 The Command Window...... 16 The Status Bar...... 16 Important Tools in dBASE PLUS...... 17 Speed Menus...... 17 Getting Help...... 17 Using the Knowledgebase...... 19 Windows Vista...... 19 Part II - Data...... 21 Chapter 2 - Table Types...... 23 Should I Change the Table Level?...... 23 Terminology...... 24 The dBF Field Types...... 24 Field Properties...... 25 Null Values...... 26 Field Names...... 27 Table Language Drivers...... 27 Indexes...... 28 Using BLOB Fields...... 30 DBF Table Limits...... 30 Table Design Guidelines...... 30 Identify the Type of Information You Need to Store...... 31 Break the Information Down...... 31 Determine The Relationships Among the Tables...... 31 Making it Possible to “Upsize” to Other Platforms...... 33

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Designing Your Tables and Application Appropriately...... 33 Chapter 3 - SQL - A Different Language...... 35 What is SQL, and Why Is It Important?...... 35 Calculated Fields...... 39 SQL Joins...... 40 The WHERE Clause...... 40 Read Only Queries...... 40 Other Useful Local SQL Commands...... 41 Creating a table...... 41 Add/Remove Fields...... 41 Deleting a Table...... 41 Renaming A Table...... 42 Creating an Index Tag...... 42 Deleting an Index Tag...... 42 Adding Data to a Table...... 42 Update a Set of Data...... 42 Chapter 4 - Connecting to SQL and Local Databases...... 45 What Is SQL Data, versus dBASE or “Local” Tables?...... 45 Database Aliases...... 45 Making the Connection...... 46 Start the Data Engine...... 46 Create the Database Alias...... 47 Start dBASE...... 48 Other Data Engines...... 49 ODBC Drivers...... 49 In General...... 50 Creating a Database Alias for Local Tables...... 50 Part III - Object Oriented Code and dBASE...... 53 Chapter 5 - Introduction to Objects and dBASE PLUS...... 55 OOP Concepts and Terminology...... 55 Working with Simple Objects...... 57 Creating a form object...... 57 Creating Objects On A Form...... 58 Dot Notation...... 59 Containership...... 60 Understanding the Object Inspector...... 60 Understanding Events...... 61 Windows is Event-Driven...... 61 What is Event-Driven Programming?...... 62 dBASE Events...... 62 Using the dBASE Form To See How This Works...... 62

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Event Handlers...... 63 Assigning Event Handlers...... 63 Working With Methods...... 64 Codeblocks...... 64 Expression Codeblocks...... 65 Statement Codeblocks...... 65 Using Codeblocks as Event Handlers...... 66 Using Custom Properties and Methods...... 66 The Object is Built From the Class...... 66 Parts of a Class...... 66 The Class Declaration Statement...... 66 The Class Constructor Code...... 67 Class Declaration of Methods...... 68 The ENDCLASS Statement...... 69 The className and baseClassName Properties...... 71 Working with Object Reference Variables...... 72 The dBASE Object Class...... 72 Types of Classes...... 73 Stock Classes...... 73 User-created Custom Classes...... 73 Building Custom Classes from Scratch...... 73 General Syntax for Custom Classes...... 74 Declaring Class Parameters...... 76 Using Class Hierarchies...... 77 Using the Scope Resolution Operator...... 79 Overriding Methods and Events...... 81 Object Containership...... 81 The Keyword This...... 81 The Keyword Form...... 81 The Keyword CLASS...... 82 Using Objects as Parameters...... 84 Making Objects Go Away...... 84 Multiple References to the Same Object...... 85 Multiple Instances of the Same Class...... 86 Protecting Members of a Class...... 86 Knowing What the Members of a Class Are...... 88 Chapter 6 - Working with the Data Object Model (OODML)...... 91 An Overview...... 91 Creating and Coding Query Objects...... 92 How Do I Use a Query?...... 92 Query Objects and SQL Server Databases...... 94 Rowset and Field Objects – The Heart of the Data Object Structure...... 95 Some Basic Information about Rowsets...... 96 Rowset Events and Event Handlers...... 96

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Navigation In A Rowset...... 99 Programmatically Stepping Through a Rowset...... 101 Editing Data In a Rowset...... 102 Deleting Rows...... 102 Fields Array and Field Objects...... 103 Field Class...... 103 Looping Through All Fields In A Table...... 104 Other Field Object Events, Methods, etc...... 104 OLE, Binary and Memo Fields...... 105 Creating and Coding Database Objects...... 105 The Default Database...... 105 Creating a Database Object Reference...... 105 Table Maintenance...... 106 Transaction Processing...... 106 Using the Index Object(s)...... 107 More on Expressions...... 107 Creating and Coding Session Objects...... 109 The Default Session...... 110 Creating and Coding Stored Procedure Objects...... 110 The TableDef Object...... 110 List Field Information...... 111 List Index Information...... 111 The UpdateSet Object...... 112 Part IV - Data Objects and The Language...... 113 Chapter 7 - OODML, SQL, and XDML...... 115 How To Do Things You May Have Done Before...... 115 Finding Data...... 115 Performing Lookups in Other Tables...... 127 Shortening References...... 128 Relating Tables...... 129 Setting a Relationship Between Parent and Child Tables...... 129 Set Skip...... 130 Referential Integrity – Adding A Parent to Parent/Child...... 134 Referential Integrity – Cascading Deletes...... 135 Child Table Sorted Differently?...... 136 Calculated Fields...... 137 Morphing Data...... 138 More on Data Object Events...... 140 Query Object - canOpen()...... 141 Rowset Object – onAppend()...... 141 Rowset Object – canSave()...... 142 UpdateSet...... 143 Copying a Table or Rowset...... 143 Using Copy() with Calculated Fields...... 145

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Appending Rows From Another Table...... 146 Updating Rows From Another Rowset...... 147 Updating Rows and Adding NEW Rows...... 148 Deleting Rows...... 149 Chapter 8 - Creating and Working With Data Modules...... 151 What is a Data Module, and Why Should You Care?...... 151 Starting dQuery...... 151 Using dQuery to Create and Modify Data Modules...... 153 Opening an Existing Data Module...... 156 Examining the Source Code...... 156 Filtering Data With Conditional Statements...... 158 Adding Calculated Fields...... 160 A More Complex Calculated Field?...... 160 Using Multiple-Table Queries...... 161 Understanding Relationships Among Different Tables...... 162 Using Multiple Database Queries...... 163 Chapter 9 - Working in a Shared Environment...... 165 Programming for a Shared Environment...... 165 Opening a Table for Exclusive Use...... 166 Opening a Table for Read-Only (RO) Access...... 167 Locking Data...... 168 Implicit Locks...... 168 Explicit Locks...... 168 Using the Session Object to Modify Lock Behavior...... 169 Locking the Rowset...... 171 The _DBASELOCK Field...... 171 Maximum Locks...... 172 Using Session Objects...... 172 Adding a Session Object In the Form Designer...... 173 Adding a Session Object to a Data Module...... 173 The Session Object and Encrypted Tables...... 174 Locking Related Tables...... 175 Processing Transactions...... 175 Drawbacks to Using Transactions...... 175 CacheUpdates...... 176 Working with Non-dBASE Tables...... 176 Transaction Processing...... 176 Chapter 10 - Security...... 179 The PROTECT Command...... 179 SET ENCRYPTION...... 183 LOGOUT...... 183

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Security and Paradox Tables...... 183 Security and SQL Server Tables...... 185 The Session Object...... 185 The Database Object...... 185 Application Security...... 185 Part V - Designing the User Interface...... 187 Chapter 11 - Working With the Designers...... 189 A Warning...... 189 The Form Designer...... 189 Form Designer Properties...... 192 The Menu Designer...... 193 The Report/Label Designer...... 194 The Table Designer...... 195 The SQL Designer...... 196 The Data Module Designer...... 196 Designer Common Tools...... 196 The Inspector...... 196 The Component Palette...... 199 The Field Palette...... 201 The Format Toolbar...... 202 Chapter 12 - Creating Forms...... 205 What is a Form?...... 205 Design Concepts...... 205 Types of Forms...... 206 Creating a Form...... 207 Form Metrics...... 208 Add a Text Control...... 209 Saving The Form...... 210 Modifying Properties of the Text Control...... 210 Add a Pushbutton...... 211 Run the Form...... 211 Add An Event Handler...... 212 Modifying .wfm files...... 213 Two-way Tools...... 215 OODML and Forms...... 216 Put Some Fields On The Form...... 216 Interacting With the Data...... 219 Putting Buttons On the Form...... 219 Form Cosmetics...... 235 Multi-Page Forms...... 236

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Changing Pages Using a TabBox Control...... 236 Changing Pages Using PushButtons...... 239 Potential Problems...... 241 Running Forms...... 241 Communicating Between Forms...... 242 Passing Data to and Returning Data from A Dialog Form...... 242 It Is Important That You Understand ...... 246 What Can This Be Used For?...... 246 Naming Your Controls...... 247 Tab Order Of Controls...... 247 Some Notes on Tab Order...... 249 Chapter 13 - Stock Form Controls...... 253 Windows XP Themes and Other Changes...... 253 Common Properties, Events and Methods...... 257 A Brief Overview of the Stock User-Interface Controls...... 257 Text...... 257 TextLabel...... 259 Entryfield...... 259 Spinbox...... 262 Checkbox...... 264 Radiobutton...... 265 Container...... 268 Notebook...... 269 Editor...... 269 Combobox...... 272 Listbox...... 275 Grid...... 276 Getting Started With A Grid...... 276 Tabbox...... 279 Pushbutton...... 282 Windows XP/Vista, Themes, and Pushbuttons...... 282 Line...... 284 Rectangle...... 284 Image...... 285 Shape...... 285 TreeView and TreeItem...... 285 Progress...... 291 ActiveX...... 293 ReportViewer...... 298 SubForm...... 301

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Chapter 14 - Working With The Grid...... 305 Getting Started...... 305 The Columns Array...... 306 The Column’s editorType Property...... 310 Editable or Not?...... 313 Editable Grids...... 313 Non-Editable Grids...... 314 Display Issues...... 314 Fonts...... 314 Colors...... 315 Other Grid Appearance Properties...... 316 Changing the Appearance of Individual Columns...... 317 Enhancing the Grid’s Abilities...... 318 Multiselect Grids...... 318 Changing Rowset Sort Order...... 321 Conditional Colors of Cells and Rows...... 325 The Grid’s rowSelect and multiSelect Properties and Colored Cells...... 327 Coloring a Whole Row...... 329 Saving and Restoring Column Positions...... 330 Multi-User?...... 335 Saving/Restoring More Properties Than Shown Here...... 335 Using Multi Table Rowsets...... 336 Building A Grid On The Fly...... 336 Restating Datalinks...... 338 Chapter 15 - Common Properties and Event Handlers of Form Controls...... 341 Common Properties...... 341 Formatting Data – Picture and Function...... 341 The enabled Property and the when() Event...... 342 Common Events ...... 343 Event Sequences...... 343 The key() Event...... 346 The onKey() Event...... 346 The onChange() Event...... 347 Using the onLostFocus() Event to Force Navigation and/or Validation...... 347 The onMouseOver() and onMouseOut() Events...... 348 Data Validation...... 348 Table Designer/Field Level Validation...... 348 Control-Level Validation...... 349 Form-Level Validation...... 351 Record-Level Validation...... 351 Drag and Drop...... 354 What Else Can Be Done?...... 357

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Chapter 16 - Custom Forms and Custom Form Classes...... 359 Source Code Aliases vs. Database Aliases, and Why They’re Important...... 359 How To Create A Source Code Alias...... 360 Using Custom Forms...... 362 Why Work With Custom Form Classes?...... 362 Changing Built-in Default Property Values...... 362 Creating New (Custom) Properties for Custom Form Classes...... 363 Assigning Default Actions to Event Handlers...... 363 Creating Methods for a Custom Class...... 363 Define Default Controls for a Form...... 363 The Complete Custom Form Class...... 363 Clearing Out The Custom Form Class...... 366 A Data Custom Form...... 367 Placing Custom Forms in Source Alias Folder...... 370 Using The “Data” Custom Form...... 371 Creating Classes for Control Objects...... 374 Why Create Your Own Custom Classes?...... 375 Methods of Creating and Modifying Custom Classes...... 375 Creating a Custom TextLabel Class...... 376 Creating a Custom Entryfield Class...... 378 Creating a Custom Spinbox Class...... 379 Creating a Custom Editor Class...... 379 Creating a Custom Image Class...... 379 Cleanup of the Custom Class Code...... 379 Putting These Custom Classes to Work...... 381 Creating a Custom Pushbutton Class...... 385 Putting the Custom Pushbutton Classes to Work...... 390 Modifying the Base Pushbutton Class...... 392 Using Your Custom Classes For New Forms...... 393 Chapter 17 - Using the Custom Classes that Ship with dBASE.... 397 Custom Pushbuttons...... 397 Custom Controls on the Form Controls Tab...... 399 Seeker...... 399 Splitter...... 401 Animate...... 405 Calendar...... 406 Form Viewer...... 408 Chapter 18 - Creating Menus, Popup Menus, Speedbars and Toolbars...... 411 Creating Menus...... 411 Edit Menu Options...... 413 Attaching the Menu to a Form...... 414 Creating an Application Menu...... 415 Adding A Separator...... 417

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Attaching a Menu to the Application Framewindow...... 417 Form and Rowset References...... 418 Creating Popup (Right-Click) Menus...... 421 The onInitMenu Event...... 423 Attaching a Popup Menu to a Form...... 424 Creating SpeedBars...... 425 Creating Toolbars...... 428 How Do You Design a ToolBar?...... 428 More Source Code Alias Stuff...... 429 Putting Toolbuttons in the Toolbar...... 429 Making The Toolbar More Useful...... 430 Testing Our Toolbar...... 433 Adding Functionality To the ToolBar...... 436 Things to Note...... 440 Toolbars and SDI Forms...... 443 Floating Palettes versus Attached to Form...... 444 Chapter 19 - Reporting and Printing...... 445 Report Objects...... 445 How a Report is Rendered...... 446 The Report Designer...... 447 Metrics...... 448 Creating A Simple Report...... 448 A Quick Look At The Design Surface...... 448 Report Headings...... 449 Adding A Page Number...... 450 Add a Table...... 451 Place Fields On The Report...... 451 Multi-Table Reports...... 455 Start the Report...... 455 Add the Tables...... 456 The detailBand...... 456 The Group Object...... 456 Change the Controlling Rowset...... 457 Summary (Aggregate) Calculations...... 458 Group Report Hints...... 460 Labels...... 462 Custom Label Sizes?...... 465 Printing Reports...... 465 Print from the Preview Window...... 466 Print Using Code...... 466 Create A Preview Form Using a ReportViewer Object...... 467 General Report Designer Hints...... 468 Field Labels...... 468 Alignment Tools...... 468 Lines...... 468

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Large Tables...... 469 Navigating In Report Designer...... 469 Null Fields...... 469 Displaying Numeric Values...... 470 Part VI - Programming...... 471 Chapter 20 - Programming in dBASE PLUS...... 473 Using the Source Code Editor...... 473 Setting the Source Code Editor’s Default Properties...... 474 Using the Source Editor To Modify Your Forms, Reports, Labels and other Source Code....475 Getting Started...... 475 Documenting Your Code...... 476 Indenting Your Code...... 478 Creating the Program File...... 479 Testing Programs...... 479 Working with the Command Window...... 480 Entering and Executing Commands...... 480 Pasting Syntax from Help or Other Files...... 481 Functions and Procedures...... 481 Working with Memory Variables...... 483 Codeblocks...... 484 Function Pointers...... 485 The Scope Commands...... 485 Assignment Operators...... 491 Math...... 492 Some Basic Commands...... 493 Controlling Program Flow...... 495 Working with Data Types...... 506 Performing Financial Calculations...... 506 Computing Engineering and Scientific Formulas...... 506 Working with Date Data...... 508 Working with Time Data...... 511 DateTime() And Related Functionality...... 511 Working with Logical Data...... 513 Working with Character Data...... 513 Converting Data Types...... 513 Using Preprocessor Directives...... 514 Using Source Aliases to Manage Your Code...... 516 The SET PROCEDURE Command...... 516 Debugging Your Programs...... 517 Testing Methods, Fixing Program Errors...... 518 Compiling the Code...... 518 Visual Review...... 518 Running Portions of the Application...... 518 Observing Others Running the Application...... 518

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Using Code to Trap Errors...... 519 Shortcuts...... 521 Built-In Functions and Other Commands...... 522 Chapter 21 - dBASE’s Non-Visual Objects...... 523 Using Arrays...... 523 How Do I Define An Array?...... 525 Now You Have Defined The Array, How Do You Put Data In It?...... 525 Deleting Data in An Array...... 526 Referencing/Displaying Data In An Array...... 529 Sorting The Contents of An Array...... 531 A Couple of dBL Functions That Are Very Useful When Working With Arrays...... 522 Making an Array Larger...... 533 The insert() Method...... 535 Adding Default Values Into An Array – fill()...... 536 Directory Listings – dir() and dirExt()...... 537 Storing the Records (or Certain Fields) in a Table Into an Array...... 538 Copying An Array...... 539 Searching An Array...... 540 The element() Method...... 541 The subscript() Method...... 541 Using Arrays With dBASE User Interface Objects...... 541 Array Size Limits...... 544 Literal Arrays...... 544 Associative Arrays...... 544 The Timer Class...... 546 The File Class...... 548 To Copy a File...... 548 Rename a File ...... 549 Deleting a File ...... 549 See If a File Exists...... 549 To Check Attributes of a File...... 549 Opening or Creating a File...... 550 Looping Through a File...... 550 Reading From A File...... 551 Writing To A File...... 551 The Math Class...... 555 The Date Class...... 555 Date Math...... 556 International Issues...... 557 The String Class...... 558 Methods That Operate on The String...... 558 Methods That Wrap the String in HTML Tags...... 562 Using the String Object’s Methods...... 562 Stacking Methods...... 563 Strings and Nulls...... 563

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Part VII - Working With the Outside World...... 565 Chapter 22 - OLE and WSH...... 567 Object Linking and Embedding (OLE)...... 567 OLE2 Automation Support...... 567 Communicating with Excel...... 569 Some Fun – The Sound API in Windows...... 571 Working with OLE Data and Fields...... 573 Windows Script Host (WSH)...... 577 Chapter 23 - The Windows API and DLLs...... 581 Overview...... 581 The Right Documentation...... 581 Header Files...... 582 The EXTERN Statement...... 582 Typical EXTERN Statement ...... 583 Calling Convention...... 583 Mapping Data Types...... 584 Data Type Mapping...... 585 Taking Advantage of Module Aliases...... 586 Aliasing Function Names...... 587 Working with Win32 Character-Based Functions...... 588 Dealing with Character Data...... 589 Data Structures 101...... 590 Using a Simple Data Structure...... 590 Retrieving Data from a Structure...... 592 Making Structures Easy with OOP...... 593 More About Structures...... 597 When to EXTERN...... 598 Placing Data in Structures...... 599 Part VIII - Putting An Application Together...... 603 Chapter 24 - Some Application Design Concepts...... 605 The Application Framework...... 605 _app Properties...... 605 _app.Methods...... 608 The Application Framewindow...... 608 The Application Framewindow’s Properties and Methods...... 610 Creating an Application Object...... 611 SDI vs. MDI Style Applications...... 619 Menus, Toolbars, Popup Menus – Should You Use Them?...... 620 Passing Parameters to An Application...... 620

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Chapter 25 - Using the Project Explorer...... 633 Starting a New Project...... 623 Project...... 624 File Details...... 625 Log...... 625 DEO...... 625 Inno...... 625 Adding Files to The Project...... 625 Creating a “Basic” (Non-DEO) Application...... 625 Getting Started...... 626 Add Files...... 627 Start Program...... 629 Finishing Touches...... 629 Now What?...... 630 Compiling and Building the Application...... 630 Running the Executable in the Same Folder as the Source...... 631 Creating a DEO Application...... 631 DEO Folders...... 632 Selecting the DEO Folder For Each File...... 634 The Application’s INI File...... 635 Compile and Build The Application...... 636 DEO and NON-DEO?...... 636 .INI Files...... 637 Encrypted Tables...... 638 Start Your Application Without the Data Engine...... 639 ActiveX and DLL Controls...... 639 Manually Handling These In Your Own Code...... 639 Network Deployment...... 641 Other Ways to Build Your Executable...... 642 Running a dBASE PLUS Executable...... 642 Using an Alternate INI File...... 643 Chapter 26 - The .INI File...... 645 What Exactly Is a .INI File?...... 645 How Do I Find Things in My .INI File?...... 645 Examining PLUS.INI...... 646 Custom BDE .CFG File...... 658 Encrypted Tables...... 658 Items You Can Add...... 658 No Data Engine...... 658 Reading/Modifying a .INI File In An Application...... 659 Chapter 27 - Preparing An Application For Deployment...... 661 Using Inno Setup Manually...... 661

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Some Basic Information...... 662 Inno Constants...... 662 Using Other Languages...... 663 Creating an Install...... 663 The Types and Components Sections...... 665 The INI Section...... 669 The Code Section...... 670 Borland Database Engine Issues...... 672 Handling the Registry Settings...... 672 Database Aliases...... 673 SQL Links Drivers...... 673 Creating a CD Image...... 673 Using Inno Setup Through the Project Explorer...... 674 Contacting the Author of Inno Setup...... 675 Manual Deployment – What Files Are Needed?...... 675 Application Files (DEO vs. non-DEO)...... 675 Installing the dBASE PLUS Runtime With Your Application...... 676 BDE Files...... 677 Windows Vista Issues...... 678 Other Issues...... 678 Part IX - The Internet...... 679 Chapter 28 - dBASE PLUS On The Web...... 681 What Is a Web Application?...... 681 Static Web Pages vs. Interactive dBL Applications...... 682 Automatically Generated Web Applications...... 682 Using the Web Wizards...... 682 The Data Entry Web Wizard...... 683 The Query and Response Web Wizard...... 689 The Publish Web Wizard...... 689 Using dQuery’s One-Click Web Application...... 689 Testing Using Apache...... 690 The Configuration File...... 690 Start Apache...... 692 Writing Your Own Web Applications...... 692 The Appendices...... 695 Appendix 1 - Resources Available...... 697 Other dBASE Books...... 700 Appendix 2 - A Brief History of dBASE...... 701

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Appendix 3 - Colors, Images and Graphics in dBASE Applica- tions...... 705 Colors...... 705 16-Bit/DOS Color Names...... 705 JavaScript “Safe Palette” Color Names...... 705 Hexadecimal BGR Colors...... 705 Windows Named Colors...... 706 User Defined Color Name...... 706 Working With DLL Files...... 706 Other Ways to Store Images...... 709 Graphics Issues for Icons and Buttons (Pushbuttons and Toolbuttons)...... 709 Icons...... 709 Images for Pushbuttons...... 710 Images for Toolbuttons...... 711 An Undocumented Feature...... 712 Appendix 4 - Borland Database Engine and Table Specifica- tions...... 713 Differences Between dBASE (DBF) Table Levels...... 719 Appendix 5 - Undocumented Features...... 727 Appendix 6 - ANSI Chart...... 735 Appendix 7 - Windows Application Interface Design and Stan- dards...... 739 Appendix 8 - Glossary...... 745 Index...... 749

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