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Genetic Similarity Among Pheromone and Voltinism Races of Ostrinia Nubilalis (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

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Genetic Similarity Among Pheromone and Voltinism Races of Ostrinia Nubilalis (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications: Department of Entomology Entomology, Department of 8-28-2003 Genetic similarity among pheromone and voltinism races of Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) P. C. R. G. Marcon University of Nebraska-Lincoln David B. Taylor University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] C. E. Mason University of Delaware R. L. Hellmich USDA-ARS, [email protected] Blair Siegfried University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/entomologyfacpub Part of the Entomology Commons Marcon, P. C. R. G.; Taylor, David B.; Mason, C. E.; Hellmich, R. L.; and Siegfried, Blair, "Genetic similarity among pheromone and voltinism races of Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)" (2003). Faculty Publications: Department of Entomology. 149. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/entomologyfacpub/149 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Entomology, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications: Department of Entomology by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Insect Molecular Biology (1999) 8(2), 213-221 Genetic similarity among pheromone and voltinism races of Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) P. C. R. G. ~ar~on,'*D. B. ~aylor,'C. E. aso on,^ Keywords: internal transcribed spacer, mitochon- R. L. ~ellrnlch~and B. D. siegtried1 drial DNA, Ostrinia nubilalis, pheromone races, vol- 202 Plant Industry Bldg., Department of Entomology, tinism ecotypes. University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA; 2~idwestLivestock lnsects Research Laboratory, Introduction USDA-ARS, Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA; The European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hiibner), 3~epartmentof Entomology and Applied Ecology, is of agricultural significance in much of the Northern University of Dela ware, Newark, Delaware, USA; 4~orn hemisphere, including Europe, Asia, Northern Africa, lnsects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, USDA-ARS, North America, the Philippines, Guam and Japan Department of Entomology, lowa State University, (Beck, 1987). It affects the production of maize, as well Arnes, lowa, USA as other crops including sorghum, cotton, potatoes and many vegetables. Overall, yield losses and control Abstract expenditures associated with the European corn borer are estimated to exceed US$lbn annually (Mason et The genetic variability of seven European corn borer al., 1996). The European corn borer is native to South- populations, Ostrinia nubilalis, from North America ern Europe (Beck, 1987) and is believed to have been and Europe was assessed by polymerase chain reac- introduced into North America between 1909 and 1914, tion-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR- probably on broom corn imported from Hungary or RFLP) analysis and DNA sequencing. The nuclear ltaly (Vinal, 1917). However, based on differences in ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS-1) region voltinism and sex pheromone composition among (w 500 base pair [bp]) and four mitochondria1 (mtDNA) European corn borer ecotypes and races, it is likely regions (1550 bp total) were examined. The smartweed that multiple introductions occurred (Showers, 1993). borer, Ostrinia obumbratalis, and south-Western corn In the 80years since its introduction, the European borer, Diatraea grandiosella, were used for compar- corn borer has spread rapidly northward into Canada, isons. Of 106 restriction sites identified (80 in mtDNA westward to the Rocky Mountains, and southward to and 26 in ITS-1), none differentiated geographical Florida and Mexico (Mason etal., 1996). populations, pheromone races, or voltine ecotypes of Two pheromone races of the European corn borer the European corn borer. The lack of variation in the have been identified in North America. Both use 11- ITS-1 of European corn borer was confirmed by DNA tetradecenyl acetate isomers (E and Z) as sex pher- sequence analysis. The genetic similarity of European omones; females of the Z strain produce a blend with corn borer populations, despite their wide geographi- an E:Z ratio of 3:97, whereas the ratio in females of the cal range and physiological differences, may be E strain ranges from 97:3 (DuRant et al., 1995) to 99:l explained by a relatively recent origin for the voltinism (Roelofs etal., 1987). Liebherr & Roelofs (1975) demon- and pheromone races, gene flow among races, andlor strated the selective mating of European corn borer expansion from genetic bottlenecks. pheromone races, based not only upon their isomeric blends, but also on mating periodicity. Nevertheless, hybrid moths have been produced in the laboratory 'Present address: DuPont Agricultural Products, Stine-Haskell Research and are found in nature in areas where the races occur Center, Newark. DE 19714, USA. sympatrically (Roelofs etal., 1987). The Z race pre- Received 27 April 1998; accepted 29 July 1998. Correspondence: Dr B. D. dominates over most of the range in Europe and North Siegfried, Rm. 202, Plant lndustry Bldg., Department of Entomology, Uni- versity of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 685834816, USA. E-mail: bds@ America, whereas the E strain is found in Switzerland, unlinfo.unl.edu ltaly and Eastern North America, from Massachusetts 01999 Blackwell Science Ltd Table 1. European corn borer populations studied. Pheromone gland analysisa Collection Voltine Pheromone Generation Frequency Host Date Collection ecotype race tested N Z allele Stage plant collected Burleigh Co., ND~ Univoltine zb - - - Larva Corn Jul 1995 Hooper. NE BiovoltineC zb - - - Adult Corn Jun 1995 Selingsgrove, PAe Uni- & BivoltineC Z and E F2 20 0.90 Egg Corn Jun 1995 Bouckville, NY' Univoltine Z F2 and F, 100 1.OO Larva Corn Feb 1989 Geneva, NY' Bivoltine E F2 and F, 100 0.00 Larva Corn Dec 1988 Plymouth, NCg MultivoltineC E and Z F3 68 0.18 Larva Potato Jun 1995 Lombardia, ltalyh BivoltineC E and Z F3 27 0.44 Larva Corn Jul 1995 a Female pheromone gland analyses for PA, NC and Europe by CEM; pheromone gland analyses for NY colonies by W. Roelofs (Roelofs etal.. 1985). Pheromone race based on geographical origin (Mason etal., 1996). Voltine ecotype based on geographical origin (Mason etal., 1996). Collected by M. Weiss (North Dakota State University). Diapausing larvae maintained in dark at 10 "C for 120 days and then 30 "C, 163 (L:D) photophase, with 1% agar solution for moisture, to break diapause. Collected by S. Inch (Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania). ' Laboratory colonies from C. Linn (NY State Ag. Exptl Sta., Cornell University). Colony started from 10 mated pairs and maintained on artificial diet (Roelofs etal., 1985). Collected by J. VanDynn (North Carolina State University). collected by K. Steffey (University of Illinois). to South Carolina (Klun & Huettel, 1988; Mason et al., limited number of allozyme polymorphisms reported 1996). for the European corn borer suggest that genetic Showers (1993) recognized three European corn differentiation among races and ecotypes is limited borer voltine ecotypes in the USA; northern univoltine, (Harrison & Vawter, 1977; Carde etal., 1978; Cianchi et central bivoltine and southern multivoltine. The E a/.,1980; Glover etal., 1990). pheromone race has bi- and multivoltine ecotypes, The purpose of this study was to evaluate levels of whereas the Z race occurs as uni-, bi- and multivoltine genetic divergence among European corn borer races, ecotypes (Glover etal., 1991). Differences in phero- ecotypes and geographical populations using mito- mone blend discrimination between bivoltine Z and chondrial and nuclear ribosomal ITS regions. Two univoltine Z males have also been reported (Glover et other crambid species, the smartweed borer, Ostrinia a/.,1987). In New York state, three distinct races occur obumbratalis (Lederer) and the south-western corn sympatrically: bivoltine Z, univoltine Z and bivoltine E borer, Diatraea grandiosella Dyar, were included for (Roelofs etal., 1985). comparisons of intra- and interspecific variation. Despite the world-wide economic importance of the European corn borer, the population genetics and population structure of this insect species remain largely unknown. The detection and characterization Results of genetic differentiation among populations is particu- Pheromone analysis larly relevant to an understanding of the evolution of a The pheromone composition of European corn borer species and to improving pest management practices populations with relevant information regarding (Baverstock & Moritz, 1990). The ability to distinguish sample collections is presented in Table 1. amongst geographically distinct populations of Eur- opean corn borer would allow us to estimate intraspe- cific levels of gene flow, a critical piece of information Amplicons for any appropriate management of the development of mtDNA amplicons I, 11, Ill and IV (Table 2) were resistance to insecticides and insecticidal crops estimated to be z 333, 347, 261 and 624bp in size, (Roush & Daly, 1990; Tabashnik, 1991; Caprio & respectively, for 0. nubilalis as well as for 0. obum- Tabashnik, 1992). Data on the baseline susceptibility bratalis and D. grandiosella. These values are consis- of the European corn borer to Bacillus thuringiensis tent with those predicted by the D, yakuba mtDNA map (Bt) across the species range in the USA (Marqon, (Clary
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