James Madison University: 19081909 to 19581959 an Annotated
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James Madison University: 19081909 to 19581959 An Annotated, Historical Timeline Researched and Written by L. Sean Crowley 2006 Acknowledgments This document was prepared as part of Carrier Library’s Special Collections contribution to the Centennial Celebration of 20072008. Several individuals from the JMU community gave of their time and expertise for this project, meeting with me or responding to my numerous historical inquiries. Their efforts aided in the verification of several key pieces of information. • Fred Hilton, Centennial Celebration Director, JMU Centennial Office • Jenny Lyons, Real Property Administrator, Office of Budget Management • Carrie Moyers, Student Records Manager, Office of the Registrar • Carl Puffenbarger, Assistant Director, Support Services, Facilities Management • Jeff Wright, Engineering Technician/Draftsman, Facilities Management Special thanks to Julia Merkel, Carrier Library Preservation Specialist, who got me involved in this project, allowed me unlimited access to Special Collections, and granted me great me the time to pursue the project to its conclusion. James Madison University: 19081909 to 19581959 An Annotated, Historical Timeline 1908 March 10, 1908. “Harrisonburg Gets Normal” • Conditions of Establishment “Harrisonburg Gets Normal” James Madison University (JMU) came into being as the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg on Tuesday evening, March 10, at 10:15 p.m. That evening, the Virginia General Assembly had finally, after a “day of strenuous battle,” passed the appropriation’s bill which would provide $50,000 for the establishment of a new normal school for teacher training at Harrisonburg. Passage of the bill (which came without a vote to spare), represented the climax of four years of public and legislative struggle by and on the behalf of the communities of Harrisonburg and Rockingham County to ensure that the proposed school would be located in the small Shenandoah Valley town. News of the Assembly’s decision reached Harrisonburg a few minutes after the vote was taken. Citizens of the town had waited anxiously all day, but by this time most had already retired for the evening. A stalwart few, however, had not, and remained assembled in the downtown offices of the Harrisonburg Daily News, home of the local newspaper. When the good news was received, the entire NewsRegister building was illuminated in a blaze of lights and the town’s fire whistle broke the night silence with a prolonged blast, waking many residents and prompting dozens of inquiring calls to the central telephone office. The next day, the local paper announced the good news with the headline, “Harrisonburg Gets Normal,” and the school was virtually “the sole topic of discussion throughout the town.” 2 Conditions of Establishment While the state had given the go ahead to establish the school, the appropriation bill set forth several conditions that needed to be met before the school could be considered legally established: acquisition of a suitable location of no less than thirty acres; the appropriation from Harrisonburg and Rockingham County of $5,000 and $10,000 respectively, upon purchase of a site; and the approval of the selected site by the State Board of Education. These requirements would be met in just over three months. 1 March 12, 1908. “General Rejoicing”: Keezell & Good Arrive On Thursday, two days after the bill providing for the establishment of the school had been passed by the General Assembly, the two legislators who had led the fight for the Harrisonburg Normal School arrived in town from Richmond. One was State Senator George B. Keezell and the other was Representative P.B.F. Good, of Rockingham County. Upon their arrival, the men were greeted with the biggest public welcome since President McKinley had passed through briefly in 1899, according to the Harrisonburg Daily News. Some five hundred people were waiting at the station when the train arrived and as the two men emerged, “mighty cheers” erupted from the crowd, the band struckup “Dixie,” and all of the town’s factory whistles sounded in celebration. As Keezell and Good were escorted – with great difficulty – through the crowd to a waiting automobile, they were “smothered with bouquets.” Once in the automobile, a parade in their honor was begun. Led by the Daily News band and including the Harrisonburg Guard, the local Fire Department, and numerous town and county officials, the parade made its way from the station to downtown’s Court Square. Over half of the town’s nearly 4,500 citizens turned out to witness this celebration and West Market Street was jammed with hundreds of people waving hats and handkerchiefs as the parade made its way past. The parade wound around the court house and stopped at the southern entrance. 1 The same bill also provided for the establishment of a normal school in Fredericksburg (today known as Mary Washington). A copy of the bill is available in, Board of Trustees Minutes, 19081914, pp. 79, Board of Visitors Collection, PR 991122, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, <http://www.lib.jmu.edu/special/jmuhistorical/documents/BOVminutes1908_1914.doc> [18 January 2006]. Although the paper was called the Harrisonburg Daily News, the building which housed the paper’s offices was generally referred to as the NewsRegister building. “Harrisonburg Gets Normal,” Harrisonburg Daily News, 11 March 1908; “General Rejoicing at Winning Normal,” Harrisonburg Daily News, 12 March 1908; Raymond C. Dingledine, Jr., Madison College: The First Fifty Years, 19081959 (Harrisonburg, VA.: Madison College, 1959), 1, 1011; Nancy Bondurant Jones, Rooted on Bluestone Hill on Blue Stone Hill: A History of James Madison University, 34, (Santa Fe, NM and Staunton, VA: Center for American Places in association with the Community Foundation of Harrisonburg and Rockingham County, 2004). 3 Before a capacity crowd in Assembly Hall, a meeting was conducted to give public recognition to the two men who had done so much to bring the school to Harrisonburg. Resolutions of appreciation were read and then adopted with a standing ovation of “three cheers for Keezell and Good.” Mayor O.B. Roller declared this to be “the proudest moment in the history of Harrisonburg.” 2 March 14, 1908. Founding Day: Official Establishment of the School On Saturday, March 14, Virginia Governor Claude A. Swanson signed into law the Appropriations Act passed four days earlier by the General Assembly. With Swanson’s signature, the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg (now JMU) was officially established. March 14 is considered and celebrated as the founding date of the institution. 3 April 29, 1908. First Board of Trustees Meeting • Searching for Home: First Site Inspection First Board of Trustees Meeting The school’s governing body during its formative years was the elevenmember Board of Trustees. Ten members had been appointed by the Governor, Claude Swanson, while the eleventh, the State Superintendent of Public Instruction, served as an exofficio member. The Board of Trustees held it first meeting at 8 p.m. on Wednesday evening, April 29. Gathering in the NewsRegister building in downtown Harrisonburg for approximately two hours, the Board elected officers and established committees. Senator George B. Keezell of Rockingham County was elected Board Chairman; A.H. Snyder, editor of the Harrisonburg Daily News was chosen as Secretary; and E.W. Carpenter, Rockingham County Treasurer, was elected as the Board’s Treasurer. Standing committees were established to develop a curriculum, to oversee the grounds and building projects, and to manage the school’s finances. A special committee was appointed to direct selection efforts for the institution’s first president. Finally, the Board decided it would “build for the future” with a view to accommodating 800 to 1,000 students. Searching for Home: First Site Inspection 2“ General Rejoicing at Winning Normal,” Harrisonburg Daily News, 12 March 1908; “Great Ovation to Keezell and Good,” Harrisonburg Daily News, 13 March 1908; Dingledine, 1112; Jones, Rooted on Bluestone Hill, 4. 3 Dingledine, 11; Fred D. Hilton, “Changing from a College to a University: Madison College to James Madison University, 19711977,” Master’s thesis (James Madison University, 1996), 3. 4 The exact location of the school had been a major topic of discussion among the citizens of Harrisonburg since the moment the General Assembly had chosen the town as the home of the institution. It was also, naturally, a priority of the Board of Trustees. Thus, in the afternoon, before the Board gathered for its first meeting that evening, members spent several hours examining possible locations for the new school (including the site that would eventually be chosen). 4 April 30, 1908. Searching for Home: Site Inspection Continues On Thursday morning, “riding in a yellow surry [sic] with a fringe around the top,” members of the Board of Trustees conducted a second round of site inspections, having made their first the previous afternoon. At the time, there were at least five sites considered suitable as a home for the school. After inspecting several of the locations, however, rain forced the Board to cut short its efforts and the members retired into a formal business session. Although it was widely expected they would do so, the Board took no definite action regarding the procurement of a site and made no formal offers. Instead, a special committee (chaired by Senator George Keezell) was established to negotiate with and secure offers from the owners of desirable land. The committee would submit options and recommendations to the Board at the next meeting, in midJune. 5 June 1, 1908. Searching for Home: Land Option Secured On June 1, the Board of Trustees’ special site selection committee secured an option on a tract of land owned by the family of H.