DOCSLIB.ORG

Assessment of Ecological Effects: Birds and Bats (Part 1 of 9)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Assessment of Ecological Effects: Birds and Bats (Part 1 of 9) Environmental Impact Assessment Project Number: 52111-001 February 2020 Samoa: Alaoa Multi-purpose Dam Project Volume 2: Assessment of Ecological Effects: Birds and Bats (Part 1 of 9) Prepared by Rebecca Stirnemann and Briar Taylor-Smith for the Asian Development Bank. This environmental impact assessment is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. 0 Proposed Alaoa Dam Vaisigano River, Upolu, Samoa Assessment of Ecological Effects: Birds and Bats 1 Prepared by Dr Rebecca Stirnemann and Dr Briar Taylor-Smith for the Asian Development Bank Pictures: 1) Manumea 2) MNRE staff Fialelei Enoka and a Mao. Contents 1 Executive Summary 4 2 Introduction 4 2.1 Background 4 2.2 Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework 9 2.3 Critical habitat 10 2.4 Legal protection and international recognition of the site 10 2.5 Relative Importance of the Project Area 11 2.5.1 Ecology and Distribution 11 2.5.2 Manumea 12 2.5.2.1 Ecology and Distribution 12 3 Methods 14 3.1 Assessment of Ecological Effects methodology 14 3.1.1 Evaluating ecological features 14 3.1.2 Assessing potential and actual effects 15 3.1.3 Establishing impact management options 15 3.2 Vegetation mapping 16 3.3 Avifauna surveys 16 3.3.1 Playback surveys 16 3.3.2 Automated recorders 17 3.3.3 Territory determination 17 3.3.4 Targeted habitat identification 17 3.4 Bat surveys 18 4 Description of Existing Ecological Values 19 4.1 Habitat 19 4.3 Habitat value & threat status 22 4.4 Mao 23 4.4 Manumea 27 4.5 Other bird species 29 4.6 Bats 29 5 Project effects 29 5.1 Summary of adverse ecological effects 29 5.2 Effects on vegetation 32 5.3 Effects on avifauna 33 5.4 Effects on bats 38 2 6 Avoidance, remediation, mitigation and offsetting/compensation requirements 38 6.1 Mitigation Strategy 38 6.2 Vegetation mitigation 41 6.3 Avifauna mitigation & monitoring 42 6.3 Bat mitigation & monitoring 43 References 43 Appendix I: Vegetation types - species lists 45 Appendix II 47 3 1 Executive Summary The proposed Alaoa dam site contains habitat for the endangered mao (Gymnomyza samoensis) and the critically endangered manumea (Didunculus strigirostris) as well as habitat for additional range restricted species such as the Samoan fruit bat and other threatened Samoan avifauna. Territories of mao occur within the footprint. The site is defined as critical habitat for both mao and manumea. The Project is categorized as environment Category A, because potential adverse environmental impacts are not only site-specific due to the potential population level on mao and Manumea. Samoan fruit bats and some threatened range restricted bird species will also be impacted and are detailed in this document. Impacts on key species could have significant adverse environmental impacts if mitigation is not carefully designed and implemented. Stringent environmental management will be required for the Alaoa dam project to proceed. Mitigation and environmental management would be needed to be carefully designed to ensure these species are maintained and enhanced by the development. It is critical that there are no significant adverse environmental impacts that are irreversible, diverse, or unprecedented for these populations. An Environmental Management Plan (EMP) would be required should the project proceed. 2 Introduction 1.1.1 2.1 Background The Terrestrial Ecology Study is part of the wider Technical Feasibility and other Scientific Assessments that will provide the information for the resource consenting process for the Alaola Dam Project. The purpose of this Assessment of Ecological Effects (AEE) report is to present the environmental impacts and risks associated with the proposed project and make recommendations regarding measures to avoid, mitigate or offset potential adverse effects. Specifically, the objectives are to: To conduct some additional biodiversity surveys focusing on endangered/critically endangered birds and bats, to map the vegetation of the area and provide qualitative and quantitative data on the presence and abundance of sensitive species. The biodiversity expert will: ● Conduct biodiversity surveys of Samoan endangered birds and bats in the area of influence for the project. ● Conduct botanical surveys of the vegetation present in the area of influence of the project to identify the habitat and the presence of trees/habitat potentially able to sustain the endangered species. ● Delivery of a biodiversity report indicating the presence and abundance of the targeted species, basic habitat mapping of vegetation to determine the habitat value for key species and suggestions on how to mitigate the environmental impacts of the proposed project. The scope of the project is limited to the methodology milestones set out in the Request for Proposal documents from ADB and the extent of physical works and flooding associated with the proposed Alola Dam as shown in the proposed site layout in Figures 1 and 2 below - provided by ADB and Entura. This report does not cover quantification of habitat loss outside of the flood area (within dotted pink Fig. 1) and the dam wall as seen in Figure 1 and the white line seen in Figure 2. Due to the lack of available information at the time the report was drafted the effect of roads and other construction cannot be quantified. 4 5 Figure 1. Proposed dam site layout. The footprint as defined in this document are the areas within the pink dotted line and inclusive of the grey dam wall as seen in this figure and the white line on Figure 2. 6 1.1.2 2.2 Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework The Project shall comply with the requirements of the Planning and Urban Management Act 2004 and the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Regulations 2007. For development of hydropower projects, development consent must be obtained from the Planning and Urban Management Agency (PUMA) within the Ministry of Works, Transport & Infrastructure and from the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MNRE). The development consent application must include an environmental assessment which complies with the Act and Regulation requirements. The Project should also comply with the requirements of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) Safeguard Policy Statement (ADB, 2009) to: (i) avoid adverse impacts of projects on the environment and affected people; (ii) where possible; minimize, mitigate, and/or compensate for adverse project impacts on the environment and affected people when avoidance is not possible; and (iii) help borrowers/clients to strengthen their safeguard systems and develop the capacity to manage environmental and social risks. The environment safeguard requires due diligence which entails addressing environmental concerns, if any, of a proposed activity in the initial stages of project preparation. Proposed projects are screened according to type, location, scale, and sensitivity and the magnitude of their potential environmental impacts, including direct, indirect, induced, and cumulative impacts. The SPS categorizes potential projects or activities into categories of impact (A, B or C) to determine the level of environmental assessment required to address the potential impacts. Projects are assigned to one of the following four categories: (i) Category A: A proposed project is classified as Category A if it is likely to have significant adverse environmental impacts that are irreversible, diverse, or unprecedented. These impacts may affect an area larger than the sites or facilities subject to physical works. An Environmental Impact Assessment is required. (ii) Category B: A proposed project is classified as Category B if its potential adverse environmental impacts are less adverse than those of Category A projects. These impacts are site-specific, few if any of them are irreversible, and in most cases mitigation measures can be designed more readily than for category A projects. An Initial Environmental Examination is required. (iii) Category C: A proposed project is classified as category C if it is likely to have minimal or no adverse environmental impacts. No environmental assessment is required although environmental implications need to be reviewed. (iv) Category FI: A proposed project is classified as category FI if it involves investment of ADB funds to or through a financial intermediary. The Project is categorized as environment Category A, because potential adverse environmental impacts are not only site-specific due to the potential population level on mao (Gymnomyza samoensis) and manumea (Didunculus strigirostris). These effects will affect an area larger than the footprint and will also include sites or facilities subject to physical works. Impacts are likely to have significant adverse environmental impacts if mitigation is not carefully designed and implemented. This EIA has been prepared as the requisite level of assessment to address the potential impacts in line with the SPS. 1.1.3 2.3 Critical habitat Critical habitat is defined by ADB for purposes of informing investment decisions as a subset of both natural and modified habitat that deserves particular attention. Critical habitat includes areas with high biodiversity value, including habitat required for the survival of critically endangered or endangered species; areas having special significance for endemic or restricted-range species; sites that are critical for the survival of migratory species; areas supporting globally significant concentrations or numbers of individuals of congregatory species; areas with unique assemblages of species or that are associated with key evolutionary processes or provide key ecosystem services; and areas having biodiversity of significant social, economic, or cultural importance to local communities (ADB, 2009).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Stevensoniana; an Anecdotal Life and Appreciation of Robert Louis Stevenson, Ed. from the Writings of J.M. Barrie, S.R. Crocket
    ——; — ! 92 STEVENSONIANA VIII ISLAND DAYS TO TUSITALA IN VAILIMA^ Clearest voice in Britain's chorus, Tusitala Years ago, years four-and-twenty. Grey the cloudland drifted o'er us, When these ears first heard you talking, When these eyes first saw you smiling. Years of famine, years of plenty, Years of beckoning and beguiling. Years of yielding, shifting, baulking, ' When the good ship Clansman ' bore us Round the spits of Tobermory, Glens of Voulin like a vision. Crags of Knoidart, huge and hoary, We had laughed in light derision. Had they told us, told the daring Tusitala, What the years' pale hands were bearing, Years in stately dim division. II Now the skies are pure above you, Tusitala; Feather'd trees bow down to love you 1 This poem, addressed to Robert Louis Stevenson, reached him at Vailima three days before his death. It was the last piece of verse read by Stevenson, and it is the subject of the last letter he wrote on the last day of his life. The poem was read by Mr. Lloyd Osbourne at the funeral. It is here printed, by kind permission of the author, from Mr. Edmund Gosse's ' In Russet and Silver,' 1894, of which it was the dedication. After the Photo by] [./. Davis, Apia, Samoa STEVENSON AT VAILIMA [To face page i>'l ! ——— ! ISLAND DAYS 93 Perfum'd winds from shining waters Stir the sanguine-leav'd hibiscus That your kingdom's dusk-ey'd daughters Weave about their shining tresses ; Dew-fed guavas drop their viscous Honey at the sun's caresses, Where eternal summer blesses Your ethereal musky highlands ; Ah ! but does your heart remember, Tusitala, Westward in our Scotch September, Blue against the pale sun's ember, That low rim of faint long islands.
    [Show full text]
  • American Samoa
    Forestry Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations GLOBAL FOREST RESOURCES ASSESSMENT COUNTRY REPORTS AMERICAN SAMOA FRA2010/004 Rome, 2010 The Forest Resources Assessment Programme Sustainably managed forests have multiple environmental and socio-economic functions important at the global, national and local scales, and play a vital part in sustainable development. Reliable and up- to-date information on the state of forest resources - not only on area and area change, but also on such variables as growing stock, wood and non-wood products, carbon, protected areas, use of forests for recreation and other services, biological diversity and forests’ contribution to national economies - is crucial to support decision-making for policies and programmes in forestry and sustainable development at all levels. FAO, at the request of its member countries, regularly monitors the world’s forests and their management and uses through the Forest Resources Assessment Programme. This country report forms part of the Global Forest Resources Assessment 2010 (FRA 2010). The reporting framework for FRA 2010 is based on the thematic elements of sustainable forest management acknowledged in intergovernmental forest-related fora and includes variables related to the extent, condition, uses and values of forest resources, as well as the policy, legal and institutional framework related to forests. More information on the FRA 2010 process and the results - including all the country reports - is available on the FRA Web site (www.fao.org/forestry/fra
    [Show full text]
  • Leading the Recovery of Two of Samoa's Most Threatened Bird
    LEADING THE RECOVERY OF TWO OF SAMOA’S MOST THREATENED BIRD SPECIES the tooth-billed pigeon (Manumea) and the mao (Ma’oma’o) through ecological research to identify current threats BIODI VERSITY CO NSERVATION LESSONS LEARNED TECHNICAL SERIES 25 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION LESSONS LEARNED TECHNICAL SERIES Leading the recovery of two of Samoa’s most threatened bird species, the tooth-billed pigeon (Manumea) and the mao (Ma’oma’o) 25 through ecological research to identify current threats Biodiversity Conservation Lessons Learned Technical Series is published by: Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF) and Conservation International Pacific Islands and Oceans Program (CI-Pacific) PO Box 2035, Apia, Samoa T: + 685 21593 E: [email protected] W: www.conservation.org The Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund is a joint initiative of l’Agence Française de Développement, Conservation International, the Global Environment Facility, the Government of Japan, the MacArthur Foundation and the World Bank. A fundamental goal is to ensure civil society is engaged in biodiversity conservation. Conservation International Pacific Islands and Oceans Program. 2013. Biodiversity Conservation Lessons Learned Technical Series 25: Leading the recovery of two of Samoa’s most threatened bird species, the tooth-billed pigeon (Manumea) and the mao (Ma’oma’o) through ecological research to identify current threats. Conservation International, Apia, Samoa Authors: David Butler, Rebecca Stirnemann Design/Production: Joanne Aitken, The Little Design Company, www.thelittledesigncompany.com Cover Photograph: © Rebecca Stirnemann Series Editor: Leilani Duffy, Conservation International Pacific Islands and Oceans Program Conservation International is a private, non-profit organization exempt from federal income tax under section 501c(3) of the Internal Revenue Code.
    [Show full text]
  • Bird Abundances in Primary and Secondary Growths in Papua New Guinea: a Preliminary Assessment
    Mongabay.com Open Access Journal - Tropical Conservation Science Vol.3 (4):373-388, 2010 Research Article Bird abundances in primary and secondary growths in Papua New Guinea: a preliminary assessment Kateřina Tvardíková1 1 Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, CZ- 370 05 České Budějovice. Email: <[email protected] Abstract Papua New Guinea is the third largest remaining area of tropical forest after the Amazon and Congo basins. However, the growing intensity of large-scale slash-and-burn agriculture and logging call for conservation research to assess how local people´s traditional land-use practices result in conservation of local biodiversity, of which a species-rich and diverse component is the avian community. With this in mind, I conducted a preliminary survey of birds in small-scale secondary plots and in adjacent primary forest in Wanang Conservation Area in Papua New Guinea. I used mist-netting, point counts, and transect walks to compare the bird communities of 7-year-old secondary growth, and neighboring primary forest. The preliminary survey lasted 10 days and was conducted during the dry season (July) of 2008. I found no significant differences in summed bird abundances between forest types. However, species richness was higher in primary forest (98 species) than in secondary (78 species). The response of individual feeding guilds was also variable. Two habitats differed mainly in presence of canopy frugivores, which were more abundant (more than 80%) in primary than in secondary forests. A large difference (70%) was found also in understory and mid-story insectivores. Species occurring mainly in secondary forest were Hooded Butcherbird (Cracticus cassicus), Brown Oriole (Oriolus szalayi), and Helmeted Friarbird (Philemon buceroides).
    [Show full text]
  • Program in American Samoa: 2015 Report
    THE TROPICAL MONITORING AVIAN PRODUCTIVITY AND SURVIVORSHIP (TMAPS) PROGRAM IN AMERICAN SAMOA: 2015 REPORT Peter Pyle, Kim Kayano, Jessie Reese, Vicki Morgan, Robinson Seumanutafa Mulitalo, Joshua Tigilau, Salefu Tuvalu, Danielle Kaschube, Ron Taylor, and Lauren Helton 30 September 2015 PO Box 1346 PO Box 3730 Point Reyes Station, CA 94956 Pago Pago, American Samoa 96799 Robinson S. Mulitalo banding a Many-colored Fruit-Dove at the Mt. Alava TMAPS station Suggested citation: Pyle, P., K. Kayano, J. Reese, V. Morgan, R. S. Mulitalo, J. Tigilau, S. Tuvalu, D. Kaschube, R. Taylor, and L. Helton. 2015. The Tropical Monitoring Avian Productivity and Survivorship (TMAPS) Program in American Samoa: 2015 Report. The Institute for Bird Populations, Point Reyes Station, CA. Cover photograph by Kim Kayano. The Institute for Bird Populations American Samoa 2015 TMAPS Report 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Few data exist on the ecology, population status, and conservation needs of landbirds in American Samoa. In an effort to provide baseline population data for these species and to address potential conservation concerns, we initiated a Tropical Monitoring Avian Productivity and Survivorship (TMAPS) program on Tutuila Island in 2012, expanded it to Ta'u Island in 2013, and continued operation on both islands in 2014-2015. Long-term goals of this project are to: (1) provide annual indices of adult population size and post-fledging productivity; (2) provide annual estimates of adult population densities, adult survival rates, proportions of residents, and recruitment into the adult population (from capture-recapture data); (3) relate avian demographic data to weather and habitat; (4) identify proximate and ultimate causes of population change; (5) use monitoring data to inform management; and (6) assess the success of managements actions in an adaptive management framework.
    [Show full text]
  • Southwest Pacific Islands: Samoa, Fiji, Vanuatu & New Caledonia Trip Report 11Th to 31St July 2015
    Southwest Pacific Islands: Samoa, Fiji, Vanuatu & New Caledonia Trip Report 11th to 31st July 2015 Orange Fruit Dove by K. David Bishop Trip Report - RBT Southwest Pacific Islands 2015 2 Tour Leaders: K. David Bishop and David Hoddinott Trip Report compiled by Tour Leader: K. David Bishop Tour Summary Rockjumper’s inaugural tour of the islands of the Southwest Pacific kicked off in style with dinner at the Stamford Airport Hotel in Sydney, Australia. The following morning we were soon winging our way north and eastwards to the ancient Gondwanaland of New Caledonia. Upon arrival we then drove south along a road more reminiscent of Europe, passing through lush farmlands seemingly devoid of indigenous birds. Happily this was soon rectified; after settling into our Noumea hotel and a delicious luncheon, we set off to explore a small nature reserve established around an important patch of scrub and mangroves. Here we quickly cottoned on to our first endemic, the rather underwhelming Grey-eared Honeyeater, together with Nankeen Night Herons, a migrant Sacred Kingfisher, White-bellied Woodswallow, Fantailed Gerygone and the resident form of Rufous Whistler. As we were to discover throughout this tour, in areas of less than pristine habitat we encountered several Grey-eared Honeyeater by David Hoddinott introduced species including Common Waxbill. And so began a series of early starts which were to typify this tour, though today everyone was up with added alacrity as we were heading to the globally important Rivierre Bleu Reserve and the haunt of the incomparable Kagu. We drove 1.3 hours to the reserve, passing through a stark landscape before arriving at the appointed time to meet my friend Jean-Marc, the reserve’s ornithologist and senior ranger.
    [Show full text]
  • Intsia Bijuga (Vesi)
    April 2006 Species Profiles for Pacific Island Agroforestry ver. 3.1 www.traditionaltree.org Intsia bijuga (vesi) Fabaceae (legume family) choyo, show, kebuk (Pohnpei); cohu, faux teck (French); dort, thort, zort, zolt, show, wantal (Yap); dort, wantal (Palau); fehi (Tonga); fesi (Rotuma); kwila, iban, mboan, bon, menau (Papua New Guinea); ifilele (Samoa); ifit, ifet, ipil (Guam and Mariana Islands); ipil, Moluccan ironwood, Borneo teak (English); kohu (New Caledonia); kubok, kubuk (Marshall Is- lands); kuren, nityanmis, tuamis (Chuuk); natora (Bislama, pidgin), tora, tor, atora, nator, n‘tor (Vanuatu); u‘ula (Kwara‘ae), nyia nwola, vei, nkengia, kivili, huhula, rurula, gugura (Solomon Islands); vesi, vehi, vesiwai, vesi dina (Fiji) Randolph R. Thaman, Lex A. J. Thomson, Robin DeMeo, Francis Areki, and Craig R. Elevitch IN BRIEF h C vit Distribution Primarily in Southeast Asia E El and found on many islands of Melanesia, Mi- C. cronesia, and Polynesia. Size Typically reaches 7–25 m (23–82 ft) at photo: maturity, usually with a single trunk. Habitat Favors coastal and lowland forest, on well drained or swampy sites, especially on limestone, 0–450 m (0–1480 ft) with rainfall of 1500–2300 mm (60–90 in). Vegetation Associated with mangroves, lime- stone forests, riverine forests, some atoll forests on wetter atolls, and lowland coastal forests. Soils Grows in light, medium, and heavy soils; tolerates soils with impeded drainage and sea- sonally waterlogged, shallow, saline, sodic, and limestone (calcareous) soils, often growing on bare limestone on upraised limestone islands. Growth rate Moderate growth rate, <1.5 m per yr (5 ft/yr). Main agroforestry uses Coastal protection, windbreak, coastal soil stabilization, ornamen- tal, living fence.
    [Show full text]
  • Jungle Myna (Acridotheres Fuscus)
    Invasive animal risk assessment Biosecurity Queensland Agriculture Fisheries and Department of Jungle myna Acridotheres fuscus Steve Csurhes First published 2011 Updated 2016 © State of Queensland, 2016. The Queensland Government supports and encourages the dissemination and exchange of its information. The copyright in this publication is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia (CC BY) licence. You must keep intact the copyright notice and attribute the State of Queensland as the source of the publication. Note: Some content in this publication may have different licence terms as indicated. For more information on this licence visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au/ deed.en" http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au/deed.en Front cover: Jungle myna Photo: Used with permission, Wikimedia Commons. Invasive animal risk assessment: Jungle myna Acridotheres fuscus 2 Contents Summary 4 Introduction 5 Identity and taxonomy 5 Description and biology 5 Diet 5 Reproduction 5 Preferred habitat and climate 6 Native range and global distribution 6 Current distribution and impact in Queensland 6 History as a pest overseas 7 Use 7 Potential distribution and impact in Queensland 7 References 8 Invasive animal risk assessment: Jungle myna Acridotheres fuscus 3 Summary Acridotheres fuscus (jungle myna) is native to an extensive area of India and parts of southeast Asia. Naturalised populations exist in Singapore, Taiwan, Fiji, Western Samoa and elsewhere. In Fiji, the species occasionally causes significant damage to crops of ground nuts, with crop losses of up to 40% recorded. Within its native range (South India), it is not a well documented pest, but occasionally causes considerable (localised) damage to fruit orchards.
    [Show full text]
  • Enhancing the Conservation and Wise Use of Vaipu Swamp Forests in Samoa
    CONVENTION ON WETLANDS (Ramsar, Iran, 1971) Rue Mauverney 28, CH-1196 Gland, Switzerland Tel. +41-22-999-0170, Fax +41-22-999-0169 E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.ramsar.org Nagao Wetland Fund (NWF) Section B “Request for Funding” Form Note. Please complete and enclose both Section B.1 “Project Summary and Endorsement Form” and Section B.2 “Detailed Project Proposal”, following the section structure and guidance provided below on what to include in each section of the proposal. Thank you. Section B.1 Project Summary and Endorsement Form Please fill in sections a, b, c, f, g, h and i, and either section d or section e. a. Country requesting support: Samoa b. Title of project proposal: Enhancing the conservation and wise use of Vaipu Swamp Forests in Samoa. c. Category of assistance requested (please consult the Operational Guidelines and indicate one option only): Contracting Parties: Implementation of the Ramsar Strategic Plan 2016-2024. Please indicate relevant Goals and Targets (s): Goal 1: Addressing the Drivers of Wetland Loss and Degradation Target 1-3. Goal 2: Effectively Conserving and Managing the Ramsar Site Network Target 6. Goal 3: Wisely Using All Wetlands Targets 9-11. Please fill in either section d or section e below: d. If the financial support sought from the NWF is requested to carry out part of a larger project, please indicate: Title of the main project: Operational Guidelines for NWF, 2016-2021, page 2 Duration of the main project: Total cost of the main project: Amount requested from the NWF: Have the main project and the other funds been approved: Yes No If yes, please indicate the sources of these funds, showing whether the source is in- country or external: e.
    [Show full text]
  • Stevensoniana; an Anecdotal Life and Appreciation of Robert Louis Stevenson, Ed. from the Writings of JM Barrie, SR Crocket
    : R. L. S. AND HIS CONTEMPORARIES 225 XII R. L. S. AND HIS CONTEMPORARIES Few authors of note have seen so many and frank judg- ments of their work from the pens of their contemporaries as Stevenson saw. He was a ^persona grata ' with the whole world of letters, and some of his m,ost admiring critics were they of his own craft—poets, novelists, essayists. In the following pages the object in view has been to garner a sheaf of memories and criticisms written—before and after his death—for the most part by eminent contemporaries of the novelist, and interesting, apart from intrinsic worth, by reason of their writers. Mr. Henry James, in his ' Partial Portraits,' devotes a long and brilliant essay to Stevenson. Although written seven years prior to Stevenson's death, and thus before some of the most remarkable productions of his genius had appeared, there is but little in -i^^^ Mr. James's paper which would require modi- fication to-day. Himself the wielder of a literary style more elusive, more tricksy than Stevenson's, it is difficult to take single passages from his paper, the whole galaxy of thought and suggestion being so cleverly meshed about by the dainty frippery of his manner. Mr. James begins by regretting the 'extinction of the pleasant fashion of the literary portrait,' and while deciding that no individual can bring it back, he goes on to say It is sufficient to note, in passing, that if Mr. Stevenson had P 226 STEVENSONIANA presented himself in an age, or in a country, of portraiture, the painters would certainly each have had a turn at him.
    [Show full text]
  • Top Things to Do in Apia" This Quaint Capital of Samoa Is Known for Its Old Capital Mulinu'u and the Primary City Cathedral
    "Top Things To Do in Apia" This quaint capital of Samoa is known for its old capital Mulinu'u and the primary city cathedral. But primarily, its the azure waters, the golden sand beaches and the green cityscape that brings in visitors year in, year out. 创建: Cityseeker 10 位置已标记 Mount Vaea山 "Samoa's Natural Landmark" One of Samoa’s most famous sights is the emerald green peak of Mount Vaea, where the famed writer Robert Louis Stevenson and his wife Fanny are buried. Buried here in 1894, the renowned writer spent the last four years of his life enjoying Samoa’s natural splendor. The trail up to Stevenson’s grave, which sits in the by Teinesavaii shadow of Mount Vaea’s peak, is known as the “Road of Loving Hearts.” Visitors to the burial site will have roughly an hour long walk ahead of them, their eyes treated to beautiful vistas along the way. The surrounding forests are protected by the Stevenson Memorial Reserve and Mount Vaea Scenic Reserve Ordinance. +685 6 3500 (Tourist Information) Off Cross Island Road, Apia To-Sua海沟 "Aquamarine Paradise" Right in the middle of a forested sprawl is a gaping swimming hole, filled with gorgeous aquamarine water that simply demands diving into. This stunning attraction is located on the island of Upolu. Visitors must descend a ladder to reach the diving point, from where they can plunge into epic crystalline waters below. by Rickard Törnblad +685 4 1699 www.to- tosua.oceantrench@gmail. Main South Coast Road, suaoceantrench.com/ com Apia 罗伯特·路易斯·史蒂文森博物馆 "A Poetic Tour" Catch a glimpse into the life and work of Scottish poet Robert Louis Stevenson at this beautiful, well-preserved museum, where this legendary literary figure spent the last few years of his life.
    [Show full text]
  • Robert Louis Stevenson's Dentist: Unsung Hero
    Wright State University CORE Scholar Annual Conference Presentations, Papers, and Posters Ohio Academy of Medical History 5-7-2011 Robert Louis Stevenson's Dentist: Unsung Hero Robert B. Stevenson The Ohio State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/oamh_presentations Part of the Medical Education Commons Repository Citation Stevenson, R. B. (2011). Robert Louis Stevenson's Dentist: Unsung Hero. https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/oamh_presentations/14 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Ohio Academy of Medical History at CORE Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Annual Conference Presentations, Papers, and Posters by an authorized administrator of CORE Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Robert Louis Stevenson’s Dentist Unsung Hero Robert B. Stevenson, DDS, MS, MA RLS in Samoa 1893 Year before fatal stroke robert-louis-stevenson.org • http://www.robert-louis-stevenson.org/ • Links to all his published works, most biographies, all known photos • Links to seven RLS museums worldwide • His footsteps from cradle to grave • Links to periodicals like the RLS Club newsletter and Journal of Stevenson Studies JSS Volume 4, pages 43-51 Robert Lewis Balfour Stevenson November 13, 1850 – December 4, 1894 • Was an only child • Mother called him Lewis • Nurse Cummy, Lew • Father, Smout (a small fish used for bait) • Friends & Cousin Bob, Louis (“Louie”) • At 21, changed to Robert Louis Stevenson • Wife & step-children, Luly • Wife’s ex-husband, That putrid windbag Robert Stevenson Common name • 1830 Ohio Census found eight people named Robert Stevenson Grandfather Robert Stevenson June 8, 1772 – July 7, 1850 Civil engineer, lighthouse builder & more Bell Rock Lighthouse, 1811 • 1st lighthouse built on tidal rock Bell Rock • Inchcape Rock, before the bell on a buoy An Engineering Wonder • Bell Rock Lighthouse 200 feet tall • Storm waves have gone over the top, and the light stayed burning.
    [Show full text]