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Quantitative Morphometric Analysis of Karha River Basin by Using Geospatial Technique

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Quantitative Morphometric Analysis of Karha River Basin by Using Geospatial Technique International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 07 Issue: 05 | May 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 Quantitative Morphometric Analysis of Karha River Basin by using Geospatial Technique Abhishek J. Lohar1, Rutuja S. Awatade2 1Dadasaheb Mokashi College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Rajmachi, Karad, Satara, Maharashtra, India. 2Sir Choturam College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Lodga, Latur, Maharashtra, India. ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - The Morphometric analysis of the drainage basin and stream network deals with the measurement an geometrical analysis of the different aspects of a drainage basin. In the present study, morphometric analysis has been carried out using Geographical Information System (GIS) techniques to evaluate the different morphometric characteristics by considering three parameters: Linear, Areal and Relief aspects also deals mainly with the Geometry. The Karha river basin is one of the sub basin of Nira river basins in Pune district of Maharashtra and it covers 1196.98 Sq.km areas. Morphometric parameters like Stream order, Stream length, Bifurcation ratio, Drainage density, Stream Frequency, Relief ratio, Compactness coefficient are calculated using various techniques. The basin is characterized by Dendric Drainage Pattern. The shape parameters (Rf, Rc, Fr, Re, Wb) indicate the elongated shape of the basin Key Words: GIS, Remote sensing, Morphometric analysis, Cartosat DEM 1] INTRODUCTION GIS technique is nowadays used for assessing various terrain and morphometric parameters of the drainage basins and watersheds. They provide a flexible environment and a powerful tool for manipulation and analysis of spatial information within the present study stream numbers Morphometry is nothing but the mathematical analysis and measurement of configurations of earth shape, surface and dimension of landforms. Morphometric properties gives important information related with the formation & development of hydrologic & geographic properties of watershed. Morphometric analysis also gives a quantitative description of drainage system, as drainage system is important for characterization of watershed. Morphometric analysis is also important in order to investigate the pedology, environmental assessment, groundwater management & groundwater potential. It also checks the relief, areal aspect, geometric and linear aspect gives hierarchical order of streams along with number and length of stream segment etc. The areal aspect gives the analysis of basin shape, basin parameter both geometrical and topological (Stream frequency, Drainage density). The relief aspects include dissection index, absolute and relative relief and average slope. Morphometric parameter generally depends upon bed rock, lithology, pedology and geological structures. Hence, the information related with the geomorphology, hydrology, geology, and land use pattern is highly important for doing trusted study of drainage pattern of the watershed. For quantitative analysis of the watershed involving various components such as stream segments, stream order , basin perimeter & area, elevation difference, slope and profile of land has majorly responsible for the natural development of basin (Horton, 1945). As the first and majorly important work on basin morphometry analysis was carried out by Horton (1932, 1945). Then, Horton’s study in various ways modified and developed by several Geomorphologist and Geohydrologist, which was mainly Strahler (1952), Schumm (1956), Melton © 2020, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 7313 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 07 Issue: 05 | May 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 (1957), Strahler (1957), Chorley et al. (1984). In recent decades, the morphometric analysis of the various River basins, have been done by many researchers and scientist ( Esper, 2008; Magesh et al., 2011; Bhagwat et al., 2011; Singh et al., 2014; Sujatha et al., 2014; Gaikwad and Bhagat (2017) have studied morphometric parameters for watershed prioritization. The Karha River is a flowing through Maharashtra State. Its basin area lies in the Pune district. Karha River is to understand the morphometric characteristics of Karha River basin which helps to understand the basin area, topographic relation, agriculture, forestation and regional planning. 2] OBJECTIVE The objective of the present study is to analyze the linear, areal and relief morphometric parameters of Karha river basin by using Geospatial Technique. To Delineate watershed Boundary of Karha River Basin. 3] STUDY AREA The origin of river Karha River is near the Garade Village in Saswad Taluka and merges with the Nira River near Songaon in the Baramati Tehsil. Karha River is left tributary of Nira River. The path of the river 98 Km. An earth fill gravity dam forms the Malhar Sagar Dam. The dam, constructed on Karha River in 1974, is 2,021 m (6,631 ft) long and 22.54 m (74.0 ft) high, with a gross storage capacity of 16,650 Km3 (3,990 Cu Mi.) Karha River lies in Scarcity zone of Pune district. The study area of Karha river basin is taken about 1196.98 km2. The latitudinal and longitudinal extent of the Karha river basin under study lies between 18.05 N to 18.43 N and 74.00 E to 74.65 E. It receives the rain mostly from the southwest monsoon curing June to October. The study area lies in well rainfall occurring areas as the annual average rainfall is about 556.4 mm. The soil are brown to black calcareous soil with varying depth and Texture. Average rainfall occurs in June to October. Crops cultivated in this area Jawar, Cotton, Wheat, and Gram, Groundnut and Sunflower and also sugarcane in canal areas. Fig 1. Location map of study area © 2020, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 7314 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 07 Issue: 05 | May 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 4] DATA USED AND METHODOLOGY In this study of morphometric analysis of Karha river basin remote sensing and GIS (Geographic Information System) technique is used. The remotely sensed data rectified by using the Survey of India (SOI) topographical maps of about scale 1: 50,000 and analysed by using ArcGIS 10.3 by using DEM (Digital Elevation Model) and Toposheet. Topographical map: SOI (Scale 1: 50,000) Number E43I1210; Cartosat (DEM) with 32 m x 32 m spatial resolution.SOI topographic map is georeferenced using WGS-1984 datum, Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) zone 43N projection in ArcGIS 10.3. 5] RESULT AND DISCUSSION 5.1 Linear aspect The liner aspects of drainage network such as Stream Orders (Sμ), Stream Number (Nμ), and Bifurcation ratio (Rb), Stream Length (Lu), Mean Stream Length (Lum) and Stream Length Ratio (Lur). 1) Stream order (Su) Stream order designation is the first step in morphometric analysis of drainage basin depending on hierarchy (Strahler, 1952). It was found that the Karha river basin is a 7th order trunk stream. It is found that the maximum stream order frequency of the Karha river is observed in case of first-order streams and then for second order and then decreases up to last highest order stream. Fig.2 Stream Order of Karha Basin 2) Stream Number (Nu) The summation of order wise stream segments is known as stream number. Stream number is an inverse of stream order. Stream numbers of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th streams are 9917, 4142, 1566, 35, 19, and 1 respectively. As the basin has 1st order stream has more number of stream number so it is responsible for sudden removal of water © 2020, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 7315 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 07 Issue: 05 | May 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 after heavy rainfall. 3) Stream length (Lu) Total stream lengths calculated by using SOI topographical sheets and ArcGIS software. The obtained value of stream length 4175 Km. in Horton’s law the Geometric similarity preserved in watershed of increasing order (Strahler, 1964). 4) Mean Stream Length (Lum) Mean stream length (Lum) is related to drainage network components and Contributing watershed surface (Strahler, 1964). It is calculated by dividing the total length of stream of an order by total number of segments in the order. 5) Stream Length Ratio (Lurm) Horton (1945) calculated the length ratio by dividing the main length of segment (Lu) of order to mean length of segments of next lower order (Lu-1) which is constant throughout the successive orders of basin. When stream length ratio increase from lower order to higher order indicates mature geographic stage of basin. 6) Bifurcation ratio (Rb) Bifurcation ratio is calculated by dividing the number of stream segments of given order (Nu) to the number of streams in the next higher order (Nu+1). Bifurcation ratio is an index of relief and dissertation. Bifurcation ratio is a dimensionless property. Lower values (<5) of bifurcation ratio indicates that watershed has less structural disturbances (Strahler, 1964) and drainage pattern has been not distorting. A higher value (>5) of bifurcation ratio indicates that strong structural control on the drainage pattern and the lower values indicates that watershed is not affected by structural
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