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First Record of Honey Badger, Mellivora Capensis in Sistan and Baluchistan Province, Iran

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First Record of Honey Badger, Mellivora Capensis in Sistan and Baluchistan Province, Iran Journal of Wildlife and Biodiversity 2(1): 36-40 (2018) by Arak University, Iran (http://jwb.araku.ac.ir/) DOI: 10.22120/jwb.2018.30118 Short Communication First Record of Honey Badger, Mellivora capensis in Sistan and Baluchistan Province, Iran Mohammad Ali Adibi1*, Saeed Mahmoudi2, Hossein Asgari2, Ashraf Ali Hosseini2, Ahmad Emami Zarandini2 Introduction 1 *Department of Habitats and Biodiversity, Faculty The Ratel or Honey Badger Mellivora capensis of Environment and Energy, Science and Research (Mustelidae) is widespread across parts of Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, western Asia and e-mail: [email protected] 2 middle Asia the Indian peninsula. It is classified Iran Department of Environment, Sistan and as least concern by IUCN and in the appendix III Baluchistan Provincial Office, Zahedan, Iran of the CITES It is essentially nocturnal, but may Received: 15 September 2017 / Revised: 28 October 2017 / be active during the day in areas where there is Accepted: 29 November 2017 / Published online: 21 February 2018. little human disturbance, and during seasons Ministry of Sciences, Research and Technology, Arak University, Iran. when day temperatures are cooler (Do Linh San et al. 2016). It is considered to be one of the rarest mammals of Iran and it has been recorded Abstract from Dez Wildlife Refuge and Ram Hormoz in the southwest, Boroueiyeh Wildlife Refuge and One of the most important conflict between Khabar National Park in Kerman province in the human and wildlife is road accidents. Each year, central part of this country, and near Gorgan and a significant number of wildlife are killed by alongside the Atrak river in the northeast and vehicle collisions. On 8 Aguste 2016, a carcass Fars province (Joolaee et al. 2012, Lay 1967, of a female Honey Badger or Ratel Mellivora Harrington and Dareshuri 1976, Etemad 1985, capensis, was observed on the boundary of Ziaie 2008) (Fig.1). Gando protected area in Chabahar –Sarbaz road, Honey Badger in southwest and the northeast of 38 kilometers southwest of Negour. This is the Iran is belong to M. c. wilsoni and M. c. indica, first record of honey badger Mellivora capensis respectively. Also in some reports suggested in Sistan and Baluchistan province. The cause of that M. c. buechneri would have existed in north the animal’s death was being hit by a passing of Iran (Karami et al. 2008). vehicle in this road. This was reported in Material and methods southwest of Iran, 600 kilometers away from the On 5 August 2016, 1500 meters distance from easternmost spot it was seen before in central Dampak village, Chabahar – Sarbaz road, Iran. This species, for the first time was recorded Balushestan area, Sistan and Baluchistan in a Baluchi habitat with the distance of 1300 Province, Iran, a corpse of a Honey badger, died meters from Bahu Kalat River, which is a in accident by a passing vehicle, was found and completely different habitat in compare to other reported by Chabahar Department of reported habitat of this species. Environment. After checking the corpse, it was indicated that the reason of its death was a car Keywords: honey badger, distribution range, crash. The report of this precious species for the Baluchi habitat, Bahu Kalat River. first time from this area with geographical 57 | Journal of Wildlife and Biodiversity 2(1): 36-40 (2018) coordinate of 61°21′24′′ eastern longitude and which in some parts of the route, passes the 35°41′ 25′′ northern latitude is very important border of Gando protected area and the Bahu because this region has a noticeable distance to Kalat riversides. This is a special habitat in the nearest and easternmost of where it was southeast of Iran where has valuable and presented before in Iran (about 600 km). This different faune and flore than other habitats of road is one of the main paths in Baluchistan Iran. Figure 1. Violet points are pervious repot of Ratel observation based on Misonne (1959), Etemad (1985), Ziaie (2008), Joolaee et al. (2012), new records by the Iranian Department of the Environment from 2012 to 2014 and green point is Ratel new record in Sistan and Baluchistan province Gando protected area with 465181 hectare is is mostly marl with a limited of salinity and located in the southeast of Sistan and alkalinity in some parts. According to the Bluchistan province, Iran, between Chabahar recently droughts, lands are mostly unutilized and Sarbaz cities, near the Iran – Pakistan and only some dispersed patches of Palm- eastern border and coasts of Oman Sea. In Iran, groves and farms can be observed there. At the this area is the only habitat of crocodylus same time, river-bed of Bahu Kalat in this plain palustris, a rare and native crocodile of Iran. is become widely and because of the low slope, The nearest human residential area to the place its velocity is lowest in this region therefore that Honey Badger was observed, is Pat village rounded lands of river is become a suitable where located in 150 meters away from this region for growth of different trees and shrubs site. Also the observation area is 530 meters and consequently a considerable variety of bird, away from farm lands. This area is a vast plain rodents and mammals can be seen in this area. with low slope, heavy texture and deep soil that 38 | Journal of Wildlife and Biodiversity 2(1): 36-40 (2018) In addition to crocodylus palustris, this area has carnivores being hit by vehicles in these roads. a valuable wildlife species, such as Canis lupus, Although there is a considerable variation of Hyaena hyena, Caracal caracal, Felis rodents, birds and other natural baits, but long silvestris, Felis chaus, Felis margarita, Vulpes periods of drought in consecutive years has had rueppellii, Vulpes vulpes, Herpestes edwardsii, a great impact on breeding of the preys, on the Herpestes javanicus, Funambulus pennantii, other side, the presence of stray dogs and Gazella bennettii, Chlamydotis undulata and a sheepdogs is a threat to the young and less variety of water birds and waders. experienced animals. Also the dominant plant species of this area are This species, in Baluchistan, is known as Salsola drummondii, Suaeda vermiculata, "Goorpat". Because its characteristics, being Salsola imbricata, and Haloxylon recurvum. nocturnal and stealth and the fact that it does not Capparis decidua is considered as one of conflict with human, people mostly do not important tree in this region furthermore some know much about it. sporadic trees such as Acacia nilotica, Prosopis Honey badger is a harmless animal in the koelziana, Prosopis cineraria, Acacia thoughts and beliefs of local and indigenous ehrenbergiana are being observed. At the end people. Due to the tracks, signs, and dens of of Bahu Kalat river’s delta next to Oman Sea, Honey badger, the native people are aware of there is a special microclimate because of the existence of it in this area; as yet any Mangrove forests that its dominant plant conflict between Honey badger and the local species is Avicennia marina. It creates a people have not been reported in this area while beautiful monospecies forest, which by tidal Turk Qashqaei et al. (2015) and Joolaee et al. movements of the sea water, some part of this (2012) reported that Honey badger were killed is coming out of water or plunging periodically. by local people due to hunting farm animals that Other important species are Tamarix aphylla, T. this may be due to lack of natural prey in those dioica, T. mascatensis, T. stricta, Saccharum region. However, establishing warning signs to ravennae, Calotropis procera, Prosopis notify people and drivers in the areas where koelziana, Maerua crassifolia, Ziziphus spina– wildlife has more movement is an effective christi, Alhagi mannifera, Aerva persica, and factor to reducing car accidents in the roads. Hammada salicornica. Biometry of body and skull After transferring the carcass to the Department Results and Discussion of Environment, biometry was done and its Outspread human residential areas, low density skeleton and skull was cleaned. Average body of the population, suitable vegetation, a measurements in mm are: total length of body noticeable variety of prey, and available foods 610, length of tail 195, length of the foot 115 in the region, existence of Bahu Kalat River and and average skull measurements in mm of gathering birds and rodents around it and also honey badger are: greatest length of the skull absence of natural enemies make this habitat to 141, depth of the skull 64, condylobasal length one of the best and safest places for Honey 133, palatal length 61, postpalatal length 61, badger living. But it should be noted that one zygomatic breadth 81, mastoidal breadth 80, important threat to this species in this region is interorbital breadth 34, postorbital breadth 32, roads and pathways between villages and breadth of braincase 64, width of rostrum 39, residential areas. length of rostrum 35, length of nasals 24, Although this is the first formal report of Honey occipitonasal length 114, length of mandible 97 badger that was killed by car crash in this (Fig. 4). region, but there are many reports of other 56 | Journal of Wildlife and Biodiversity 2(1): 36-40 (2018) Figure 2. Dead Honey Badger, 1500 meters from Dampak village, Chabahar – Sarbaz road, Balushestan area, Iran 5 August 2016, (photograph: Ahmad Emami Zarandini). Figure 4. Dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of Figure 3. A: Dead Honey Badger B: Accident cranial and lateral view of mandible of location Iran 5 August 2016, (photograph: A. A. Mellivora capensis (Photograph: M. A. Adibi) Hosseini). 40 | Journal of Wildlife and Biodiversity 2(1): 36-40 (2018) References Cheesman R.
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