New Records of Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) from Norway V
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A Survey of Aphid Parasitoids and Hyperparasitoids (Hymenoptera) on Six Crops in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq
JHR 81: 9–21 (2021) doi: 10.3897/jhr.81.59784 RESEARCH ARTICLE https://jhr.pensoft.net A survey of aphid parasitoids and hyperparasitoids (Hymenoptera) on six crops in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq Srwa K. Bandyan1,2, Ralph S. Peters3, Nawzad B. Kadir2, Mar Ferrer-Suay4, Wolfgang H. Kirchner1 1 Ruhr University, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany 2 Salahaddin University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Karkuk street-Ronaki 235 n323, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq 3 Centre of Taxonomy and Evolutionary Research, Arthropoda Depart- ment, Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Arthropoda Department, 53113, Bonn, Germany 4 Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Biologia, Departament de Biologia Animal, Avda. Diagonal 645, 08028, Barcelona, Spain Corresponding author: Srwa K. Bandyan ([email protected]) Academic editor: J. Fernandez-Triana | Received 18 October 2020 | Accepted 27 January 2021 | Published 25 February 2021 http://zoobank.org/284290E0-6229-4F44-982B-4CC0E643B44A Citation: Bandyan SK, Peters RS, Kadir NB, Ferrer-Suay M, Kirchner WH (2021) A survey of aphid parasitoids and hyperparasitoids (Hymenoptera) on six crops in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 81: 9–21. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.81.59784 Abstract In this study, we surveyed aphids and associated parasitoid wasps from six important crop species (wheat, sweet pepper, eggplant, broad bean, watermelon and sorghum), collected at 12 locations in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. A total of eight species of aphids were recorded which were parasitised by eleven species of primary parasitoids belonging to the families Braconidae and Aphelinidae. In addition, four species of hyperparasitoids (in families Encyrtidae, Figitidae, Pteromalidae and Signiphoridae) were recorded. -
Seasonal and Spatial Patterns of Mortality and Sex Ratio in the Alfalfa
Seasonal and spatial patterns of mortality and sex ratio in the alfalfa leafcutting bee, Megachile rotundata (F.) by Ruth Pettinga ONeil A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Entomology Montana State University © Copyright by Ruth Pettinga ONeil (2004) Abstract: Nests from five seed alfalfa sites of the alfalfa leafcutting bee Megachile rotundata (F.) were monitored over the duration of the nesting season in 2000 and 2001, from early July through late August. Cells containing progeny of known age and known position within the nest were subsequently analyzed for five commonly encountered categories of pre-diapause mortality in this species. Chalkbrood and pollen ball had the strongest seasonal relationships of mortality factors studied. Chalkbrood incidence was highest in early-produced cells. Pollen ball was higher in late-season cells. Chalkbrood, parasitism by the chalcid Pteromalus venustus, and death of older larvae and prepupae , due to unknown source(s) exhibited the strongest cell-position relationships. Both chalkbrood and parasitoid incidence were highest in the inner portions of nests. The “unknown” category of mortality was highest in outer portions of nests. Sex ratio was determined for a subset of progeny reared to adulthood. The ratio of females to males is highest in cells in inner nest positions. Sex ratio is female-biased very early in the nesting season, when all cells being provisioned are the inner cells of nests, due to the strong positional effect on sex ratio. SEASONAL AND SPATIAL PATTERNS OF MORTALITY AND SEX RATIO IN THE ALFALFA LEAFCUTTING BEE, Megachile rotundata (F.) by . -
Leafcutting Bees, Megachilidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Megachilidae: Megachilinae)1 David Serrano2
EENY-342 Leafcutting Bees, Megachilidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Megachilidae: Megachilinae)1 David Serrano2 Introduction Distribution Leafcutting bees are important native pollinators of North Leafcutting bees are found throughout the world and America. They use cut leaves to construct nests in cavities are common in North America. In Florida there are ap- (mostly in rotting wood). They create multiple cells in the proximately 63 species (plus five subspecies) within seven nest, each with a single larva and pollen for the larva to eat. genera of leafcutter bees: Ashmeadiella, Heriades, Hoplitis, Leafcutting bees are important pollinators of wildflowers, Coelioxys, Lithurgus, Megachile, and Osmia. fruits, vegetables and other crops. Some leafcutting bees, Osmia spp., are even used as commercial pollinators (like Description honey bees) in crops such as alfalfa and blueberries. Most leafcutting bees are moderately sized (around the size of a honey bee, ranging from 5 mm to 24 mm), stout-bod- ied, black bees. The females, except the parasitic Coelioxys, carry pollen on hairs on the underside of the abdomen rather than on the hind legs like other bees. When a bee is carrying pollen, the underside of the abdomen appears light yellow to deep gold in color. Biology Leafcutting bees, as their name implies, use 0.25 to 0.5 inch circular pieces of leaves they neatly cut from plants to construct nests. They construct cigar-like nests that contain several cells. Each cell contains a ball or loaf of stored pollen and a single egg. Therefore, each cell will produce a Figure 1. A leafcutting bee, Megachile sp. single bee. -
Chalcid Parasites in Alfalfa Leafcutting Bee Populations
CHALCID PARASITES IN ALFALFA LEAFCUTTING BEE POPULATIONS Saskatchewan Alfalfa Seed Producers Association There are many parasites and predators of the alfalfa leafcutting bee. Several of these are tiny chalcid wasps which parasitize leafcutting bee larvae. Others are different species of bees which lay their eggs in the nectar and pollen provisions just before the female leafcutting bee completes the cell - the young "cuckoo bee" then consumes the pollen ball and the leafcutting bee larva. Some bee predators are stored product pests like carpet beetle or dried-fruit moth larvae, which will eat pollen, leaf debris, and may also consume young bee larvae. There are other beetles which consume several bee larvae during the course of their development. One fly species captures the adult female leafcutting bee and lays an egg on the surface of the bee which hatches into a larva that eventually consumes the contents of the leafcutting bee’s abdomen. A continuing problem in alfalfa leafcutting bee populations is the chalcid parasite, Pteromalus venustus. Pteromalus is a tiny wasp which paralyses and then lays eggs on the leafcutting bee prepupa, leaving an intact cell containing Pteromalus prepupae instead of a healthy leafcutting bee prepupa. Pteromalus is a cause for concern because it will parasitize as many leafcutting bee prepupae as possible in a relatively short time period. Opportunities for controlling Pteromalus are limited and the presence of this parasite can be a drawback in marketing of alfalfa leafcutting bee cells. The following information will concentrate on the life cycle and control of Pteromalus venustus. CHALCID PARASITE HISTORY Pteromalus venustus was first found in populations of the alfalfa leafcutting bee (Megachile rotundata) in 1968, the year after introduction of the bee into southern Alberta (Hobbs & Krunic, 1971). -
Journal of Hymenoptera Research
c 3 Journal of Hymenoptera Research . .IV 6«** Volume 15, Number 2 October 2006 ISSN #1070-9428 CONTENTS BELOKOBYLSKIJ, S. A. and K. MAETO. A new species of the genus Parachremylus Granger (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a parasitoid of Conopomorpha lychee pests (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in Thailand 181 GIBSON, G. A. P., M. W. GATES, and G. D. BUNTIN. Parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of the cabbage seedpod weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Georgia, USA 187 V. Forest GILES, and J. S. ASCHER. A survey of the bees of the Black Rock Preserve, New York (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) 208 GUMOVSKY, A. V. The biology and morphology of Entedon sylvestris (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a larval endoparasitoid of Ceutorhynchus sisymbrii (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) 232 of KULA, R. R., G. ZOLNEROWICH, and C. J. FERGUSON. Phylogenetic analysis Chaenusa sensu lato (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) using mitochondrial NADH 1 dehydrogenase gene sequences 251 QUINTERO A., D. and R. A. CAMBRA T The genus Allotilla Schuster (Hymenoptera: Mutilli- dae): phylogenetic analysis of its relationships, first description of the female and new distribution records 270 RIZZO, M. C. and B. MASSA. Parasitism and sex ratio of the bedeguar gall wasp Diplolqjis 277 rosae (L.) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in Sicily (Italy) VILHELMSEN, L. and L. KROGMANN. Skeletal anatomy of the mesosoma of Palaeomymar anomalum (Blood & Kryger, 1922) (Hymenoptera: Mymarommatidae) 290 WHARTON, R. A. The species of Stenmulopius Fischer (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Opiinae) and the braconid sternaulus 316 (Continued on back cover) INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF HYMENOPTERISTS Organized 1982; Incorporated 1991 OFFICERS FOR 2006 Michael E. Schauff, President James Woolley, President-Elect Michael W. Gates, Secretary Justin O. Schmidt, Treasurer Gavin R. -
Implementation and Status of Biological Control of the Hemlock Woolly Adelgid
Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER Biological Control IMPLEMENTATION AND STAtuS OF BIOLOGICAL CONTRol OF THE HEMLOCK WOOLLY AdelgId United States Forest Forest Health FHTET-2011-04 Department Service Technology December 2011 of Agriculture Enterprise Team Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER Biological Control IMPLEMENTATION AND STAtuS OF BIOLOGICAL CONTRol OF THE HEMLOCK WOOLLY AdelgId United States Forest Forest Health FHTET-2011-04 Department Service Technology December 2011 of Agriculture Enterprise Team IMPLEMENTATION AND STATUS OF BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF THE HEMLOCK WOOLLY ADELGID The Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team (FHTET) was created in 1995 by the Deputy Chief for State and Private Forestry, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, to develop and deliver technologies to protect and improve the health of American forests. This book was published by FHTET as part of the technology transfer series. http://www.fs.fed.us/foresthealth/technology/ On the cover: Center photo: Hemlock woolly adelgid white woolly masses on a hemlock branch (USDA Forest Service, Karen Felton) Top right: Sasajiscymnus tsugae predatory beetle (USDA Forest Service, Lynn Jones); Middle right: Collecting and checking hemlock branch samples for Laricobius nigrinus predatory beetle larvae (USDA Forest Service, Brad Onken); Bottom center: Collecting Laricobius nigrinus predatory beetles in Idaho (USDA Forest Service, Brad Onken); Middle left: Releasing Laricobius nigrinus predatory beetles (USDA Forest Service, Brad Onken); Top left: Laricobius nigrinus predatory beetle (USDA Forest Service, Lynn Jones) For additional copies of this publication, contact: Brad Onken Richard Reardon U.S. Forest Service U.S. Forest Service 180 Canfi eld Street 180 Canfi eld Street Morgantown, WV 26505 Morgantown, WV 26505 (304) 285-1546 (304) 285-1566 [email protected] [email protected] The entire publication is available online at http://www.fs.fed.us/na/morgantown/fhp/hwa The U.S. -
Reproduction of the Red Mason Solitary Bee Osmia Rufa (Syn
Eur. J. Entomol. 112(1): 100–105, 2015 doi: 10.14411/eje.2015.005 ISSN 1210-5759 (print), 1802-8829 (online) Reproduction of the red mason solitary bee Osmia rufa (syn. Osmia bicornis) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) in various habitats MONIKA FLISZKIEWICZ, ANNA KuśnierczaK and Bożena Szymaś Department of apidology, institute of zoology, Poznań university of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71c, 60-625 Poznań, Poland; e-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] Key words. Hymenoptera, Megachilidae, Osmia rufa (Osmia bicornis), ecosystem, reproduction, pollination, parasitism Abstract. Osmia rufa L. (Osmia bicornis L.) is a species of a solitary bee, which pollinates many wild and cultivated plants. A total of 900 cocoons containing mature individuals of Osmia rufa L. (450 females and 450 males of a known weight), were placed in each of four habitats (orchard, mixed forest, hay meadow and arboretum of the Dendrology Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences at Kórnik). These bees were provided with artificial nests made of the stems of common reed. The following parameters were calculated: reproduction dynamics, total number of chambers built by females, mean number of breeding chambers per reed tube and mean num- ber of cocoons per tube. included in the analysis were also the nectar flowers and weather conditions recorded in each of the habitats studied. General linear mixed models indicated that the highest number of chambers was recorded in the hay meadow (6.6 per tube). However, the number of cocoons per tube was similar in the hay meadow, forest and orchard (4.5–4.8 per tube) but was significantly lower in the arboretum (3.0 cocoons per tube on average). -
Phelsuma 23.Indd
Phelsuma 23 (2015); 32-35 Notes on Hymenoptera of Agalega (Republic of Mauritius), with a supplement to Parnaudeau & Madl (2009): Liste des Hyménoptères des îlots coralliens français et mauricien de l’océan Indien occidental Michael Madl 2. Zoologische Abteilung, Naturhistorisches Museum Burgring 7, 1010 Wien, AUSTRIA [[email protected]] I. Notes on Hymenoptera of Agalega Knowledge of the Hymenoptera of Agalega is mainly based on Mamet (1978). Further contributions have been made by Mamet & Webb-Gebert (1980) and Parnaudeau & Madl (2009). Hitherto 15 species have been recorded from Agalega (Parnaudeau & Madl 2009). Insects from various parts of the world are on display at the Insectarium of the “La Vanille Réserve des Mascareignes” at Rivière des Anguilles (Mauritius), but the focus is on the fauna of the Malagasy subregion, with particular reference to the Republic of Mauritius. In the show room is a large box containing insects, scorpions and spiders from Agalega arranged by their distribution on the North Island and South Island. The insects are represented by following orders (alphabetically): Blattodea, Coleoptera, Dermaptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Mantodea, Neuroptera, Odonata, Orthoptera. The material was collected by O. Griffiths and J.M.P. Siedlecki on 10th and 11th April 2006. Unfortunately it is not possible to study the specimens, because the display case is sealed. The box contains following species of Hymenoptera: Xylocopa fenestrata (Fabricius, 1798) (Apidae, Xylocopinae), Polistes olivaceus (DeGeer, 1773) (Vespidae, Polistinae), Ampulex compressa (Fabricius, 1781) (Ampulicidae), Chalybion bengalense (Dahlbom, 1845) (Sphecidae), Sceliphron madraspatanum (Fabricius, 1781) (Sphecidae) and two unidentified species of Ichneumonidae from South Island (Fig. -
Sources and Frequency of Brood Loss in Solitary Bees
Apidologie Original Article * INRA, DIB and Springer-Verlag France SAS, part of Springer Nature, 2019 DOI: 10.1007/s13592-019-00663-2 Sources and frequency of brood loss in solitary bees 1 2 Robert L. MINCKLEY , Bryan N. DANFORTH 1Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA 2Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA Received4February2019– Revised 17 April 2019 – Accepted 4 June 2019 Abstract – We surveyed the literature for reports of parasites, predators, and other associates of the brood found in the nests of solitary bees. Studies were included in this survey if they reported the contents of all the bee brood cells that they examined. The natural enemies of solitary bees represented in the studies included here were taxonomically diverse. Although a few studies report high loss of solitary bee brood to a species-rich set of natural enemies, most studies report losses of less than 20% to few natural enemies. Brood parasitic bees are the greatest source of mortality for immatures of pollen-collecting solitary bees followed by meloid beetles (Meloidae), beeflies (Bombyliidae), and clerid beetles (Cleridae). Most groups, however, are reported from only a few host species and attack a low proportion of brood cells. Mortality due to unknown causes is also common. The suite of natural enemies that attack ground- and cavity-nesting solitary bees is very different. The cavity-nesting species have higher reported mortality due to unknown causes perhaps related to how nests are manipulated and handled by researchers. brood parasite / predator / cavity-nesting bees / ground-nesting bees / meta-analysis 1. -
Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Chalcidoidea and Mymarommatoidea
Biodiversity Data Journal 4: e8013 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.4.e8013 Taxonomic Paper Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Chalcidoidea and Mymarommatoidea Natalie Dale-Skey‡, Richard R. Askew§‡, John S. Noyes , Laurence Livermore‡, Gavin R. Broad | ‡ The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom § private address, France, France | The Natural History Museum, London, London, United Kingdom Corresponding author: Gavin R. Broad ([email protected]) Academic editor: Pavel Stoev Received: 02 Feb 2016 | Accepted: 05 May 2016 | Published: 06 Jun 2016 Citation: Dale-Skey N, Askew R, Noyes J, Livermore L, Broad G (2016) Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Chalcidoidea and Mymarommatoidea. Biodiversity Data Journal 4: e8013. doi: 10.3897/ BDJ.4.e8013 Abstract Background A revised checklist of the British and Irish Chalcidoidea and Mymarommatoidea substantially updates the previous comprehensive checklist, dating from 1978. Country level data (i.e. occurrence in England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland and the Isle of Man) is reported where known. New information A total of 1754 British and Irish Chalcidoidea species represents a 22% increase on the number of British species known in 1978. Keywords Chalcidoidea, Mymarommatoidea, fauna. © Dale-Skey N et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 2 Dale-Skey N et al. Introduction This paper continues the series of checklists of the Hymenoptera of Britain and Ireland, starting with Broad and Livermore (2014a), Broad and Livermore (2014b) and Liston et al. -
Conservation and Management of NORTH AMERICAN MASON BEES
Conservation and Management of NORTH AMERICAN MASON BEES Bruce E. Young Dale F. Schweitzer Nicole A. Sears Margaret F. Ormes Arlington, VA www.natureserve.org September 2015 The views and opinions expressed in this report are those of the author(s). This report was produced in partnership with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. Citation: Young, B. E., D. F. Schweitzer, N. A. Sears, and M. F. Ormes. 2015. Conservation and Management of North American Mason Bees. 21 pp. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia. © NatureServe 2015 Cover photos: Osmia sp. / Rollin Coville Bee block / Matthew Shepherd, The Xerces Society Osmia coloradensis / Rollin Coville NatureServe 4600 N. Fairfax Dr., 7th Floor Arlington, VA 22203 703-908-1800 www.natureserve.org EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This document provides a brief overview of the diversity, natural history, conservation status, and management of North American mason bees. Mason bees are stingless, solitary bees. They are well known for being efficient pollinators, making them increasingly important components of our ecosystems in light of ongoing declines of honey bees and native pollinators. Although some species remain abundant and widespread, 27% of the 139 native species in North America are at risk, including 14 that have not been recorded for several decades. Threats to mason bees include habitat loss and degradation, diseases, pesticides, climate change, and their intrinsic vulnerability to declines caused by a low reproductive rate and, in many species, small range sizes. Management and conservation recommendations center on protecting suitable nesting habitat where bees spend most of the year, as well as spring foraging habitat. Major recommendations are: • Protect nesting habitat, including dead sticks and wood, and rocky and sandy areas. -
(Melanaphis Sacchari) on SORGHUM a Thesis by ERIN
SPECIES COMPOSITION AND ACTIVITY OF THE NATURAL ENEMIES OF SUGARCANE APHID (Melanaphis sacchari) ON SORGHUM A Thesis by ERIN LYNETTE MAXSON Submitted to the Office of Graduate and Professional Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Chair of Committee, James B. Woolley Co-Chair of Committee, Michael Brewer Committee Member, William Rooney Head of Department, David Ragsdale December 2017 Major Subject: Entomology Copyright 2017 Erin Maxson ABSTRACT The sugarcane aphid (Melanaphis sacchari) is an emergent sorghum pest in the southern United States. The objectives of this study were to identify the natural enemy species that are feeding on the aphid in grain sorghum in Texas, track seasonal changes in aphid and natural enemy populations across sorghum hybrids that have differing levels of susceptibility to the aphid, and measure aphid suppression by natural enemies of different size classes. Aphids and natural enemies were sampled on multiple sorghum hybrids at two field locations in south and central Texas over two years. Additionally, aphid suppression by natural enemies of two size classes was evaluated using exclusion cages. Aphids and natural enemies in both locations showed a trend of greater peak abundance on relatively more aphid-susceptible hybrids. At least 19 natural enemy species were present, consisting of parasitoids (Aphelinus sp. and Lysiphlebus testaceipes), lady beetles (Coccinellidae), hoverflies (Syrphidae), lacewings (Chrysopidae and Hemerobiidae), and minute pirate bugs (Anthocoridae). Aphelinus was heavily hyperparasitized by Syrphophagus aphidivorus. Aphelinus and Coccinellidae, the numerically dominant taxa, maintained high activity on resistant sorghum for a longer period than on susceptible sorghum.