Yorkeys Knob Boat Ramp Facility – Investigation Report

Reference: R.B23406.002.03.Yorkeys.docx Date: May 2019 Confidential

Document Control Sheet

Document: R.B23406.002.03.Yorkeys.docx BMT Eastern Australia Pty Ltd Level 8, 200 Creek Street Title: Yorkeys Knob Boat Ramp Facility – Brisbane Qld 4000 Investigation Report Australia PO Box 203, Spring Hill 4004 Project Manager: Matthew Barnes

Tel: +61 7 3831 6744 Author: Matthew Barnes, Jeremy Visser Fax: + 61 7 3832 3627 Client: Department of Transport and Main Roads ABN 54 010 830 421 Client Contact: Chris Voisey www.bmt.org Client Reference: cn9383-YK

Synopsis: Results of environmental and engineering investigations for TMR's proposed Yorkeys Knob boat ramp facility

REVISION/CHECKING HISTORY Revision Number Date Checked by Issued by 0 – Existing Environment 15th February MPB JDV 2019 1 – First Draft 15th March 2019 JDV MPB 2 – Final Draft 17th April 2019 JDV MPB 3 - Final 13th May 2019 JDV MPB

DISTRIBUTION Destination Revision 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 TMR PDF PDF PDF PDF BMT File PDF PDF PDF PDF BMT Library PDF PDF PDF PDF

Copyright and non-disclosure notice The contents and layout of this report are subject to copyright owned by BMT Eastern Australia Pty Ltd (BMT EA) save to the extent that copyright has been legally assigned by us to another party or is used by BMT EA under licence. To the extent that we own the copyright in this report, it may not be copied or used without our prior written agreement for any purpose other than the purpose indicated in this report. The methodology (if any) contained in this report is provided to you in confidence and must not be disclosed or copied to third parties without the prior written agreement of BMT EA. Disclosure of that information may constitute an actionable breach of confidence or may otherwise prejudice our commercial interests. Any third party who obtains access to this report by any means will, in any event, be subject to the Third Party Disclaimer set out below. Third Party Disclaimer Any disclosure of this report to a third party is subject to this disclaimer. The report was prepared by BMT EA at the instruction of, and for use by, our client named on this Document Control Sheet. It does not in any way constitute advice to any third party who is able to access it by any means. BMT EA excludes to the fullest extent lawfully permitted all liability whatsoever for any loss or damage howsoever arising from reliance on the contents of this report.

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Yorkeys Knob Boat Ramp Facility – Investigation Report i Contents

Contents

1 Introduction 1 1.1 Purpose 1 1.2 Background 1 2 Technical Studies 4 2.1 Field Investigations 4 2.1.1 Physical Processes 4 2.1.2 Marine Sediment 4 2.1.3 Ecology 5 2.1.3.1 Marine Ecology 5 2.1.3.2 Terrestrial Ecology 5 2.2 Numerical Modelling 6 3 Existing Environment 7 3.1 Coastal Processes 7 3.1.1 Historical Coastal Setting 7 3.1.2 Coastal Dependent Development 7 3.1.2.1 Half Moon Bay Marina 7 3.1.2.2 Bluewater Harbour 9 3.1.2.3 Dredge Areas and Material 9 3.1.2.4 Recently Observed Shoreline Recession at Trinity Park Beach 10 3.2 Metocean Conditions 14 3.2.1 Water Level Statistics 14 3.2.1.1 Tropical Cyclone Water Levels 14 3.2.1.2 Non-Tropical Cyclone Water Levels 14 3.2.1.3 Blending the TC and non-TC Water Level Statistics 16 3.2.2 Wave Statistics 17 3.2.2.1 Tropical Cyclone Waves 18 3.2.2.2 Wave Hindcast 19 3.3 Fluvial Conditions 24 3.4 Environmental Values 26 3.5 Marine Sediment 32 3.6 Regulatory Context 36 4 Concept Layout Assessment 41 4.1 Initial Concept Layout 41

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Yorkeys Knob Boat Ramp Facility – Investigation Report ii Contents

4.2 Assessment Approach 41 4.3 Operational Performance Assessments 41 4.3.1 Coastal, 1-yr ARI conditions 41 4.3.2 Fluvial, 2-yr ARI conditions 46 4.4 Design Condition Assessments 47 4.4.1 Coastal, 50-yr ARI conditions 47 4.4.2 Fluvial, 100-yr ARI conditions 50 4.5 Siltation Assessments 52 4.6 Environmental Impacts 55 4.6.1 Marine Impacts 55 4.6.1.1 Construction 55 4.6.1.2 Operation 55 4.6.2 Terrestrial Impacts 59 4.6.2.1 Construction 59 4.6.2.2 Any threatened flora species identified within the project footprint will need to be translocated (where possible), subject to relevant approvals. Operation 60 5 Conclusions and Recommendations 63 6 References 64 Appendix A Marine Studies A-1 Appendix B Terrestrial Ecology B-1 Appendix C Numerical Modelling C-1 Appendix D Database Search Results D-1

List of Figures

Figure 1-1 Initial concept layout for proposed Yorkeys Knob boat ramp facility 2 Figure 3-1 Half Moon Bay Existing Development & Key Locations 8 Figure 3-2 Half Moon Bay Dredge Areas and Spoil Ground (from EcoSustainAbility, 2018 Figure 3) 12 Figure 3-3 Shoreline Fluctuations Post Bluewater Harbour Entrance Channel (BMT 2018) 13 Figure 3-4 Observed Residual Tide at Cairns Tidal Station (1984 to 2017) 15 Figure 3-5 Tide-phase imposed water level variability for Cairns: simulated non-cyclonic water level statistics (dark blue); measured and ranked annual maxima (red); 360 re-sampled 32-year periods of tide and residuals (light blue/grey) 16 Figure 3-6 Blended TC and Non-TC tide plus surge extreme water levels for Yorkeys Knob 17 Figure 3-7 Ocean Swell with 9s Peak Period at Clifton Beach (BPA, 1984) 18 Figure 3-8 Half Moon Bay Wave Parameter Timeseries: 11-year Hindcast 20

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Yorkeys Knob Boat Ramp Facility – Investigation Report iii Contents

Figure 3-9 11-year Hindcast Wave Rose: Cairns Waverider Buoy Location (left) and Half Moon Bay (right) 21 Figure 3-10 Significant Wave Height and Wave Peak Period Scatter Plot 22 Figure 3-11 11-year Hindcast Extreme Value Analysis Significant Wave Height Return Period Plots: non-TC Data (left) and All Data (right) 23 Figure 3-12 2-yr ARI Regional Peak Flood Levels 25 Figure 3-13 50-yr ARI Regional Peak Flood Levels 25 Figure 3-14 100-yr ARI Regional Peak Flood Level 26 Figure 3-15 Vegetation Mapping of the Yorkeys Knob Study Area 28 Figure 3-16 Side-scan Sonar Mosaic of Yorkeys Knob Study Area 29 Figure 3-17 Seagrass Cover and Density in the Yorkeys Knob Study Area 30 Figure 3-18 Macroalgae Cover and Density in the Yorkeys Knob Study Area 31 Figure 3-19 Mapped Habitat (Terrestrial) for Yorkeys Knob Study Area 35 Figure 3-20 Mapped Habitat (Wetlands) for Yorkeys Knob Study Area 37 Figure 3-21 GBR and FHA regulatory areas in Yorkeys Knob study area 38 Figure 4-1 Directional Analysis of 1-yr ARI Significant Wave Height in the Proposed Facility 43 Figure 4-2 1-yr ARI Peak Flood Current: Base Case (left), Developed Case (middle), Impacts (right) 44 Figure 4-3 1-yr ARI Peak Ebb Current: Base Case (left), Developed Case (middle), Impacts (right) 44 Figure 4-4 1-yr ARI Peak Water Level: Base Case (left), Developed Case (middle), Impacts (right) 45 Figure 4-5 1-yr ARI Significant Wave Height: Base Case (left), Developed Case (middle), Impacts (right) 45 Figure 4-6 Developed Case 2-yr ARI Peak Regional Flood Levels 46 Figure 4-7 50-yr ARI Peak Flood Current: Base Case (left), Developed Case (middle), Impacts (right) 48 Figure 4-8 50-yr ARI Peak Ebb Current: Base Case (left), Developed Case (middle), Impacts (right) 48 Figure 4-9 50-yr ARI Peak Water Level: Base Case (left), Developed Case (middle), Impacts (right) 49 Figure 4-10 50-yr ARI Significant Wave Height: Base Case (left), Developed Case (middle), Impacts (right) 49 Figure 4-11 Developed Case 100-yr ARI Peak Regional Flood Levels (top) and Impact Relative to the Base Case (bottom) 51 Figure 4-12 Siltation Assessment Period Wind Rose (left) and Annual Average Wind Rose (right) 52 Figure 4-13 Siltation: Base Case (top), Developed Case (middle) and Impact (bottom) 54

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Yorkeys Knob Boat Ramp Facility – Investigation Report iv Contents

Figure 4-14 Benthic Habitats within Works Footprint 56 Figure 4-15 Mapped Habitat (Wetlands) within Works Footprint 57 Figure 4-16 GBR and FHA Regulatory Areas within Works Footprint 58 Figure 4-17 Terrestrial Habitats in Works Footprint 61 Figure 4-18 Mapped Habitats (Terrestrial) within Works Footprint 62 Figure A-1 Locations of deployed instruments and bathymetric extent A-2 Figure A-2 Locations of seagrass rake transects A-4 Figure A-3 SAP Sampling Locations A-7 Figure A-4 Bathymetry of Half Moon Creek and boat ramp area A-12 Figure A-5 Side-scan sonar mosaic of the boat ramp area A-14 Figure A-6 Seagrass cover and density in the boat ramp area A-15 Figure A-7 Macroalgal cover and density in the boat ramp area A-16 Figure A-8 Examples of marine benthos: macroalgae resembling Hypnea sp. (A); bryozoans (B); sponge (C); sea urchin (D). A-17 Figure A-9 Particle Size Distribution A-19 Figure B-1 Yorkeys Knob study area vegetation B-12 Figure B-2 Yorkeys Knob study area habitat B-14 Figure C-1 Nested SWAN Wave Models C-3 Figure C-2 TUFLOW FV Model Domain C-4 Figure C-3 TUFLOW FV Model Mesh Detail C-5 Figure C-4 Regional Wave Model (blue line) Validation at Cairns Waverider Buoy in late 2016 (orange symbol) C-6 Figure C-5 Local Wave Model (blue line) Validation at Offshore ADCP Location (orange symbol) C-7 Figure C-6 Water Level (mAHD) Comparison at the Tide Recorder Locations C-8 Figure C-7 Water Level and Current Comparison at the Offshore ADCP location C-9 Figure C-8 ADCP Transect 1 Model Validation C-10 Figure C-9 ADCP Transect 2 Model Validation C-10 Figure C-10 ADCP Transect 3 Model Validation C-11 Figure C-11 ADCP Transect 4 Model Validation C-11 Figure C-12 ADCP Transect 5 Model Validation C-12 Figure C-13 ADCP Transect 6 Model Validation C-12 Figure C-14 ADCP Transect 7 Model Validation C-13 Figure C-15 ADCP Transect 8 Model Validation C-13 Figure C-16 Current Magnitude (m/s) Timeseries for Base Case (blue) and Developed Case: 1-yr ARI C-15

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Yorkeys Knob Boat Ramp Facility – Investigation Report v Contents

Figure C-17 Water Level (mAHD) Timeseries for Base Case (blue) and Developed Case: 1-yr ARI C-16 Figure C-18 Current Magnitude (m/s) Timeseries for Base Case (blue) and Developed Case: 50-yr ARI C-17 Figure C-19 Water Level (mAHD) Timeseries for Base Case (blue) and Developed Case: 50-yr ARI C-18

List of Tables

Table 3-1 Present Climate Tropical Cyclone Water Level Statistics in Half Moon Bay (BMT WBM, 2013) 14 Table 3-2 Present Climate Extreme Water Level Statistics in Half Moon Bay 17 Table 3-3 Tropical Cyclone Significant Wave Height Statistics in Half Moon Bay (BMT WBM, 2013) 19 Table 3-4 Half Moon Bay Monthly Probability Distribution of Significant Wave Height 21 Table 3-5 Top 10 Largest Hindcast Wave Heights in Half Moon Bay 23 Table 3-6 Preliminary Design Wave Height and Period Statistics in Half Moon Bay (bed elevation 5 m below AHD) 24 Table 3-7 Preliminary Design Wave Height Statistics at the Development Site (bed elevation 1.3 m below AHD) 24 Table 3-8 Protected Species Likely to Occur in Yorkeys Knob Study Area 33 Table 3-9 Regulatory Matters of the Yorkeys Knob Beach Study Area 36 Table 4-1 AS3962 Guidelines for Design of Marinas (Table 4.2) 43 Table 4-2 Inner Channel Siltation Volumes 53 Table 4-3 Local habitat type loss in the project area 59 Table 4-4 MSES habitat loss in the project area 59 Table A-1 Laboratory testing – upper horizons <1.5m A-5 Table A-2 Laboratory testing – lower horizons >1.5m A-6 Table A-3 ASS testing A-6 Table A-4 Sampling sites A-6 Table A-5 Targeted and retained core lengths A-18 Table A-6 Concentration of metals and metalloids (mg/kg) results and 95th precent UCLs A-20 Table A-7 Concentrations of nutrients (mg/kg) and total organic carbon (%) in each sub- sample A-21 Table A-8 Acid Sulfate Soil (Chromium suite and SPOCAS) A-23 Table B-1 Remnant REs mapped at Yorkeys Knob B-4 Table B-2 Potential threatened flora of the Yorkeys Knob study area B-4

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Table B-3 Potential threatened fauna of the Yorkeys Knob study area B-6 Table B-4 Potential threatened fauna of the Yorkeys Knob study area B-15 Table B-5 Summary fauna habitat features and values B-19

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Yorkeys Knob Boat Ramp Facility – Investigation Report 1 Introduction

1 Introduction

1.1 Purpose This report presents the results of an investigation undertaken for the proposed Yorkeys Knob boat ramp facility proposed by the Department of Transport and Main Roads (TMR). The focus of this report is on characterising the existing baseline of the investigation area together with identification of potential options that meet the requirements of facility and respond to environmental conditions.

The environmental baseline considered as part of this investigation consists of the following elements:

• Coastal processes and hydrodynamics;

• Marine sediment;

• Marine ecology, including habitat and flora and fauna; and

• Terrestrial ecology.

Studies in each of these areas were undertaken through a combination of desktop and field-based assessments, including numerical modelling (for coastal processes). These studies were necessary to characterise the processes and values of the study area. The studies should also support future approval applications noting that some more detailed technical studies may still be required based on advice of Government agencies.

The investigations in this report relate to the construction of a new boat ramp facility at Half Moon Bay, Yorkeys Knob, including development of an access road. The conceptual layout is shown in Figure 1-1 and is discussed further in Section 4.1.

1.2 Background TMR completed a demand forecasting study in 2017 which identified a significant shortage of recreational boat launching facilities in the North Cairns Region in terms of current and future demand (GHD, 2017). Based on this study, TMR have been investigating possible sites for a new boating facility. One of the options identified and proposed for further design and refinement is construction of a new boat ramp facility at Half Moon Bay, Yorkeys Knob. The location of the proposed facility (Figure 1-1) is on an area of unallocated state land adjacent to the Yorkeys Knob Marina and Half Moon Bay Golf Course, accessible through an undeveloped road reserve.

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Yorkeys Knob Boat Ramp Facility – Investigation Report 3 Introduction

The proposed facility is intended to consist of the following features at a minimum:

• Six-lane boat ramp;

• Two floating walkways;

• Carpark;

• Access road with culverts to ensure no impact to local tidal, storm tide and flood flows;

• Breakwaters to provide calm waters as per AS 3962-2001 Guidelines for design of marinas, without impacting on the integrity or functioning of the existing marina breakwaters;

• Dredge basin to maintain navigational access, to a design depth of -1.5 m LAT; and

• High fencing to be installed to manage the golf course and carpark interaction. A specialist golf course designer will consider fencing requirements which will feed into the detailed design.

The facility will provide access for launching boats into the existing channel dredged by Cairns Regional Council (CRC) in Half Moon Bay.

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Yorkeys Knob Boat Ramp Facility – Investigation Report 4 Technical Studies

2 Technical Studies

Both field and modelling assessments have been undertaken to support the investigation. These are described below.

2.1 Field Investigations

2.1.1 Physical Processes Metocean data was collected from a series of tide, wave, pressure and current instruments deployed for a month between November and December 2018. The instruments used were:

• One RDI Workhorse Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) deployed offshore of Yorkeys Knob to measure currents through the water column and waves.

• Three unvented in-situ tide recorders and a barometric pressure gauge located in the marina, in the creek between the marina and golf course, in the upstream canal estate and further upstream in Half Moon Creek.

During retrieval of instruments in December 2018, transecting of Half Moon Bay was undertaken to collect current and tide data. Additionally, at the same time bathymetric data was collected for the study area, including upstream in Half Moon Creek, using a side-scanning sonar and single-beam downscan sonar. This data was processed and interpolated to create bathymetric and benthic sediment classes for the project.

Further detail on the investigations and survey locations is provided in Appendix A.

2.1.2 Marine Sediment Marine sediment sampling was undertaken to identify the physical properties of the sediment (i.e. particle size distribution and settling rates) and the contamination status. This sampling was conducted in December 2018 based on a sampling and analysis plan (SAP) approved by the Department of Environment and Science (DES). While the plan was prepared to meet the requirements of the National Assessment Guidelines for Dredging 2009 (NAGD) and the National Environment Protection (Assessment of Site Contamination) Measure 1999 (NEPM), approval was granted for a reduced set of sampling sites. This was due to the availability of sediment sampling data from other parts of Half Moon Bay which indicated the material was mostly free from contaminants, except acid sulfate soils (ASS) (see EcoSustainAbility, 2017 and 2018).

The sampling was based of six cores, obtained using a boat-mounted vibro-corer. The cores were undertaken until refusal, which occurred at approximately 2 m below surface.

Further detail on the marine sediment sampling is provided in Appendix A. Refer also to the Yorkeys Knob SAP (BMT, 2018a; ref. L.B23406.001.Sediment SAP v0).

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2.1.3 Ecology

2.1.3.1 Marine Ecology A field study was conducted in December 2018 to characterise the marine ecology of the study area, with emphasis upon available habitat. As noted in Section 2.1.1, side-scan sonar was undertaken of the study area. This was processed and interpolated to produce benthic sediment classes for the study area, allowing characterisation of benthic habitat.

Additionally, raking was undertaken in transects to collect marine plants (necessary due to low visibility conditions caused by coastal crossing of ex tropical cyclone Owen). The density of seagrass cover was estimated based on the amount of material on the rake and the distance travelled. This data was then analysed and interpolated to determine likely distribution of seagrass.

Further information on the marine ecology survey are provided in Appendix A.

2.1.3.2 Terrestrial Ecology Details of the investigations undertaken for terrestrial ecology are provided in Appendix B. In summary the works involved development of initial species lists and mapping based on publicly available data, followed by on-ground validation of this data.

The field survey undertaken for terrestrial ecology was concurrent with those for the marine studies, conducted in December 2018. This consisted of two assessments:

• Vegetation assessment – this was a survey to ground-truth the vegetation maps developed from the desktop review and to collect data on landscape features, vegetation composition, structure and condition. The survey was undertaken based on the Methodology for Survey and Mapping of Regional Ecosystems (Neldner et al. 2017).

The survey did not include a protected plant survey per the Flora Survey Guidelines – Protected Plants (2016) as the study area is not within the High Risk Area of the Protected Plants Flora Survey Trigger Map.

Any prohibited or restricted invasive matters under the Biosecurity Act 2014 or locally significant pest species were also recorded during the survey.

• Terrestrial fauna habitat assessment – this was a concurrent survey aimed at describing the fauna habitat features of the study area and the potential occurrence of various fauna species. Of particular note during the survey were the location of important habitat features and indicators, such as freshwater and estuarine wetlands, intertidal habitat features, large hollow-bearing trees, and important ground cover attributes (e.g. woody debris, leaf litter, rock crevices).

The survey did not include any targeted species assessments (e.g. trapping, fishing, spotlighting, call playbacks). However, the assessment was undertaken to a level of detail considered sufficient to describe overall environmental values.

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Yorkeys Knob Boat Ramp Facility – Investigation Report 6 Technical Studies

2.2 Numerical Modelling Details of the numerical models for simulating coastal processes developed for the project are provided in Appendix C. These tools were calibrated using the metocean data described above and other publicly available datasets and used to assess:

• Metocean design parameters;

• Potential impact to coastal processes due to the proposed development; and

• The operational performance of the proposed development.

Existing information based on previous numerical and statistical modelling studies has also been used to define the metocean conditions offshore from Half Moon Bay and the proposed boat ramp facility development site.

Existing hydraulic models provided by CRC have been used to assess the potential impacts to flooding and provide advice on culvert sizing along the new access road.

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Yorkeys Knob Boat Ramp Facility – Investigation Report 7 Existing Environment

3 Existing Environment

3.1 Coastal Processes BMT recently reviewed the historical coastal setting and coastal dependent development on behalf of the Cairns Regional Council (BMT, 2018b). Key descriptions relevant to the present study are reproduced in Section 3.1.1 and Section 3.1.2.

3.1.1 Historical Coastal Setting The coastline of Half Moon Bay is bounded by Yorkeys Point headland to the southeast and Earl Hill to the northwest with Half Moon Creek discharging into the central section of the bay. Prior to 1990, the foreshore of Half Moon Bay was essentially undeveloped apart from a caravan park on the northern section which was set well back behind the beach frontage at the time.

As documented in the Mulgrave Shire Northern Beaches report (BPA, 1984), the natural foreshore of the bay prior to any significant developments was subject to major changes associated with migrations of the creek entrance to both the northern and southern extremities of the bay. This was coupled with either northerly or southerly spit growth associated with longshore transport processes interspersed with break-outs in the centre often associated with major flood events or storms resulting in sand being eroded from the entrance to the creek and deposited in extensive nearshore sand bars. Subsequent onshore movement of the that sand completed a complex cycle of natural sand movements and shoreline fluctuations.

Shoreline fluctuations in its natural state were also influenced by the supply of sediment into and out of the bay and the resultant overall sediment budget. Prior to any works, there was substantial sand stored in the nearshore shoals of the bay.

3.1.2 Coastal Dependent Development

3.1.2.1 Half Moon Bay Marina The Half Moon Bay Marina was constructed in the south eastern corner of the bay adjacent to Yorkeys Point in the early 1990s (see Figure 3-1). EcoSustainAbility (2018) reports that initially sands were dredged from within the marina basin and placed in areas to the west and north of the breakwater walls. An outer entrance channel was also dredged from the marina entrance deeper water offshore. Full details of the quantities and sites of dredge material placement have not been sourced as part of this study; however, historical aerial imagery shows areas to the west of the marina being used to manage dredge material and stockpile sand during several dredging campaigns spanning the 1990s and 2000s.

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3.1.2.2 Bluewater Harbour Channels connected to Half Moon Creek were constructed as part of early development works in the 1980s. However, no dredging of the creek entrance to the bay was undertaken at that time. The Blue Water Harbour development including a marina and canals were subsequently constructed on the site between 2002 and 2004. Navigable access to the Bluewater Harbour development was provided via a dredged channel in Half Moon Creek and a linking channel dredged from the mouth of the creek to the Half Moon Bay Marina outer entrance channel (see Figure 3-1). EcoSustainAbility (2018) reports that during construction, cutter suction dredging of Half Moon Creek and the inner entrance channel was undertaken with spoil from the creek taken to land and spoil from the outer inner entrance channel taken to the Half Moon Bay Spoil Ground. Again, full details of the quantities and sites of dredge material placement have not been sourced as part of this study.

3.1.2.3 Dredge Areas and Material Since construction of the above developments, ongoing maintenance dredging has been required to maintain navigable access. The dredge areas are shown in Figure 3-2. EcoSustainAbility (2018) provides an overview of dredging activities as summarised below.

Dredge Area 1

Dredge Area 1 covers Half Moon Creek upstream of the entrance and the Bluewater Harbour development comprising the marina and canals. Siltation in this area typically occurs with the gradual accumulation of fine silts which are carried into the creek in suspension from the coastal system and settle in the calmer waters. The area has had one major maintenance dredging program in 2012 and it is anticipated that dredging will be required every 5-10 years.

Dredge Area 2

Dredge Area 2 includes the active entrance area of Half Moon Creek, the link channel to the Half Moon Bay Marina and its entrance and the outer channel to offshore. In the sandy spit area at the mouth of Half Moon Creek there are highly mobile beach sands with spit growth into the channel. The sand bar at the Half Moon Creek mouth has been dredged twice annually in most years since construction.

The link channel area to the entrance to the Half Moon Bay Marina is also very active and subject to littoral drift with adjacent sand and mud banks subject to constant wave action mobilising and moving the sediments. Sediments deposited in this part of the channel are mainly silts with some sand and it is typically dredged 2-3 times per year.

The area just inside the entrance to the Half Moon Bay Marina accumulates fine silt which is carried in from the turbid waters of Half Moon Bay in suspension during the flood tide and subsequently settles out. This sediment is being ’captured’ from the northward littoral drift system and the area is dredged at least once per year.

The outer channel area accumulates mostly silts also from the ongoing northward littoral drift of coastal sandy silts and is dredged 1-2 times per year. It is further reported that since the Half Moon Bay marina was completed in the early 1990s, between 30,000 and 50,000 m3 has been dredged annually from the outer entrance channel.

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Yorkeys Knob Boat Ramp Facility – Investigation Report 10 Existing Environment

Dredge Area 3

The main basin area of the Half Moon Bay Marina is dredged as sediment accumulates. Again, the naturally highly turbid waters of Half Moon Bay enter each flood tide and deposit suspended silts which accumulate, but at a slower rate than in the entrance area. This sediment is also from the northward littoral drift. The Half Moon Bay Marina basin has had irregular dredging of select areas and an overall dredging program in 2008 which removed 40,000 m3.

Annual Average Inner Channel Siltation

Analysis of inner channel pre- and post-dredge hydrographic surveys has been previously reported by GHD (2015). The analysis was limited to the channel section where the survey dataset overlapped, extending from approximately 50 m inside the creek mouth to 80 m seaward of the mouth. This channel section is within Dredge Area 2 (described above and shown in Figure 3-2) and accumulates sands and muds transported by the net southerly littoral processes at Trinity Park Beach. The estimated range of annual average siltation based on the hydrographic survey analysis was 2,700 to 24,000 m3/year.

3.1.2.4 Recently Observed Shoreline Recession at Trinity Park Beach BMT (2018b) completed a preliminary assessment of the processes and observed shoreline fluctuations at Trinity Park Beach within Half Moon Bay and adjacent to the proposed boat ramp facility. The key findings of this assessment included:

• The Half Moon Bay Marina alone with its associated offshore entrance channel and maintenance regime is unlikely to have had any major influences on shoreline fluctuations, as was observed following its construction.

• The Bluewater Harbour entrance channel has been constructed through the highly mobile creek entrance and nearshore region resulting in rapid infilling and an increased need for regular maintenance dredging. Figure 3-3 illustrates the observed shoreline change since development of the channel.

• Substantial erosion and rotation of the southern section of Trinity Park Beach has been observed since the entrance and inner channel dredging commenced with the rate of recession increasing in recent years. Since 2001, approximately 100 m of shoreline recession has been observed immediately north of the channel (refer Figure 3-3).

• Where the dredged material is placed, particularly the coarser sand material from the nearshore region, has an influence on shoreline behaviour as follows:

○ If the sand is placed on the beach or nearshore region immediately adjacent and to the north, it is possible that a stable dynamic equilibrium could be established. However, this would necessitate essentially constant and ongoing dredging (or bypassing) to maintain a navigable entrance and a stable shoreline.

○ If the sand is placed on the beach further to the north and/or on the offshore spoil ground, ongoing recession and rotation of the southern section of Trinity Park Beach can be expected and is likely to accelerate as has been observed. However, it does minimise the risk of adverse consequences for beaches further to the north.

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Yorkeys Knob Boat Ramp Facility – Investigation Report 11 Existing Environment

○ If the sand is relocated and used for nourishment or other purposes remote from Half Moon Bay, similar observed patterns of erosion as described above can be expected. In addition, other erosion problems could develop further to the north.

It was suggested that a carefully planned and designed breakwater to the north west of the creek entrance may provide some relief to the ongoing recession observed along the southern extent of Trinity Park Beach and maximise the benefit of beach nourishment. While this structure is likely to significantly to reduce the volume of beach sand accumulating in the channel, ongoing maintenance dredging of fine material would still be required.

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Yorkeys Knob Boat Ramp Facility – Investigation Report 12 Existing Environment

Figure 3-2 Half Moon Bay Dredge Areas and Spoil Ground (from EcoSustainAbility, 2018 Figure 3)

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Yorkeys Knob Boat Ramp Facility – Investigation Report 14 Existing Environment

3.2 Metocean Conditions Numerical and statistical modelling and existing information from previous studies have been used to define the metocean conditions offshore from Half Moon Bay and the proposed boat ramp facility development site. Details of the numerical model development and calibration are provided in Appendix C. Key outcomes of the metocean assessments are provided below.

3.2.1 Water Level Statistics Water level statistics for Half Moon Bay and offshore from the proposed boat ramp facility are provided below. The Tropical Cyclone (TC) associated water levels have been taken from an existing study (BMT WBM, 2013) that involved Monte Carlo simulation of 50,000 years of TC activity across the Cairns region. The non-TC water level statistics are based on new analysis and modelling.

3.2.1.1 Tropical Cyclone Water Levels Extreme water levels associated with TC activity have been previously assessed and reported by BMT WBM (2013). The ‘tide plus surge’ levels from the output location at Half Moon Bay are summarised in Table 3-1 based on average recurrence interval (ARI). These TC-only statistics do not include the influence of the non-TC weather systems and associated water level exceedance probabilities which are considered in Section 3.2.1.2.

Table 3-1 Present Climate Tropical Cyclone Water Level Statistics in Half Moon Bay (BMT WBM, 2013)

ARI (years) Tide plus Surge (mAHD) 50 1.67 100 1.81 200 2.00 500 2.27

3.2.1.2 Non-Tropical Cyclone Water Levels

Tide and Tidal Residual Recombination Modelling This analysis was used to determine independent water level statistics for common non-extreme events and follows the method briefly described in Hardy et al. (2004) used for estimating extra- tropical storm surge contributions in the Townsville region. Termed here the TRRM (Tide and tidal Residual Recombination Model), it is based on the re-sampling of the tidal residual (residual) event record from suitably long and reliable tide gauge records in the region of interest. It is assumed that the residual and the astronomical tide are uncorrelated and occur in random combination to produce the total storm tide level recorded by each gauge. Recombination of the randomly re-sampled residual (excluding TC events) effectively extends the available record.

The incidence of the non-TC storms of interest, whose intensity is typically limited to storm force only, is relatively frequent and a data record of the order of 30 years is highly likely to have sampled close to the maximum ocean forcing possible from these events. Implicitly it is then assumed that the available record of ocean water levels from tide gauges has sufficiently captured the inherent range of variability of non-TC storm surges in the region. It does not allow for any extrapolation of storm

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surge magnitudes beyond those already measured but, as the analysis shows, this is not a constraint on the effectiveness of the technique to represent water level statistics at ARIs higher than available from the original record. Because deemed-TC storm surge is excluded from this analysis, non-TC statistics can be computed independently of the TC surge statistics.

Analysis of tidal data Water level data recorded by the Cairns tide gauge data, approximately 15 km south of Yorkeys Knob, was provided by the Tidal Unit of Maritime Safety Queensland. The data consists of tidal heights at hourly intervals commencing in 1984 and 10-minute intervals after 1996 when digital data collection technology was introduced. Tidal analysis was carried out separately for the hourly and 10-minute sections of the tide gauge data. The tide predictions were based on 152 constituents derived from each section of the raw tide data at each gauge site. The residuals obtained from the hourly sections of data where interpolated to 10-minute intervals and amalgamated with the residual already at 10-minute intervals. The residuals are then filtered with a low-pass filter (cutoff = 24 hr) to remove any residual tide and ‘bad’ data, which are often seen as spikes in the residual.

TC events were removed from the records by identifying periods when the historical tracks of such storms were within 5 degrees of latitude (≈550 km) of the study region. The resulting amalgamated tidal residuals shown in Figure 3-4 can be seen to be both positive and negative in magnitude with several maxima occurring each year. Additionally, multi-year variations in water levels are evident in the record, undoubtedly associated with large scale climate processes such as El Niño.

The recombination process requires whole-year periods be available in the record to ensure any correlation between seasonal variation in tide and storm occurrence is accommodated. Because of some gaps in the Cairns dataset, the adopted approach yielded 34 years of data. The Cairns residuals are considered an appropriate proxy for conditions at Yorkeys Knob.

Figure 3-4 Observed Residual Tide at Cairns Tidal Station (1984 to 2017)

Simulation of synthetic water level time histories A fundamental assumption of TRRM is that the timing of the tide and the tide spring/neap cycle is uncorrelated to the residual but that there may be some correlation between the annual cycle of storm events and the annual patterns in the tide. It also assumes that the astronomical tide is largely

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predictable, and that tide and residual can be linearly added to produce a combined result with only small errors.

The re-sampling method can be directly used to estimate the variability of the ARI estimates, as shown in Figure 3-5. This shows, in blue/grey, the simulated estimate and, in red, the measured ranked annual maximum tide gauge levels over the past 34 years, excluding periods of TC activity. In light blue/grey are then the 360 re-sampled periods of tide and residuals, which together produce the mean blue line. The spread of the light blue/grey around the blue indicates the sampled natural variability imposed on the simulated system by the effect of random tide phasing, which is generally much larger than other components represented by the residual. The measured ARI estimate (red) can be seen to lay on or above the mean of the modelled data (blue) but, given that it is a single (actual) realisation of combined tide and residual possibilities, this has no special significance.

The results of the non-TC analysis and blending of the independently derived TC and non-TC water level statistics is presented in Section 3.2.1.3.

Figure 3-5 Tide-phase imposed water level variability for Cairns: simulated non-cyclonic water level statistics (dark blue); measured and ranked annual maxima (red); 360 re- sampled 32-year periods of tide and residuals (light blue/grey)

3.2.1.3 Blending the TC and non-TC Water Level Statistics The combined extreme water level hazard due to each of the independently derived TC (BMT WBM 2013, see Table 3-1) and non-TC events can then be statistically combined as follows:

AEP (Annual Exceedance Probability) = AEPtc + AEPnc - (AEPtc x AEPnc)

where:

AEPtc = the AEP of the cyclonic water level

AEPnc = the AEP of the non-cyclonic water level

The resulting combined ‘tide plus surge’ AEP curve for Yorkeys Knob (yellow) is shown in Figure 3-6, together with the non-TC (blue) and TC (red) components. This illustrates that, due to the significant

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difference in slopes, the effect of blending is simply to provide a smoothed transition between the two independent probabilities of exceedance near the 200-yr ARI intersection point.

Table 3-2 provides a summary of the water level statistics are the specific return intervals of interest. It is noted that this analysis is based on the current climate and does not include future climate assumptions, such as a projected increase to mean sea level.

Figure 3-6 Blended TC and Non-TC tide plus surge extreme water levels for Yorkeys Knob

Table 3-2 Present Climate Extreme Water Level Statistics in Half Moon Bay

ARI (years) Tide plus Surge (mAHD) 1 1.50 20 1.93 50 1.99 100 2.04 200 2.10 500 2.27

3.2.2 Wave Statistics On a regional scale, the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) partially shelters the North Queensland coastline from the deep ocean waves propagating westward from the Coral Sea. Trinity Opening is a natural channel to the north-east of the study area which allows some swell to penetrate the GBR lagoon from the Coral Sea, albeit with significantly attenuated energy.

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On a more local scale, Cape Grafton shelters the Cairns northern beaches from the south-easterly waves generated within the GBR lagoon. Fetches within the GBR lagoon are generally limited to 30-50 km by the large mid shelf reef complexes. Non-cyclonic winds rarely exceed 25 knots and locally generated sea wave heights are typically less than 1.4 m. East-south-easterly sea waves within the 3-5 second period band are the most prevalent wave energy component measured at the Cairns Waverider buoy (BPA, 1984). Waves approaching the study area from the east-southeast are refracted as they propagate into Trinity Bay and more locally at Half Moon Bay.

Due to the complex arrangement of reef passes, fetch lengths and local topography and bathymetry, the wave climate in the study area can at times be multi-modal, meaning that it is made up of multiple component wave trains with distinct wave periods and directions. Figure 3-4 is a photograph showing an instance of ocean swell with 9 second peak period propagating into Clifton Beach from the Trinity Opening to the north-east. The proposed development site is located approximately 4 km southeast of Clifton Beach and similarly exposed to north-easterly wave conditions.

Wave statistics for Half Moon Bay and offshore from the proposed boat ramp facility are provided in the following sections. Like the extreme water level analysis, the TC associated wave statistics have been taken from an existing study (BMT WBM, 2013) that involved Monte Carlo simulation of 50,000 years of TC activity across the Cairns region. The non-extreme wave statistics are based on new analysis and modelling.

Figure 3-7 Ocean Swell with 9s Peak Period at Clifton Beach (BPA, 1984)

3.2.2.1 Tropical Cyclone Waves Significant wave heights associated with TC activity have been previously assessed and reported by BMT WBM (2013). The wave heights from the output location at Half Moon Bay are summarised in Table 3-1.

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Table 3-3 Tropical Cyclone Significant Wave Height Statistics in Half Moon Bay (BMT WBM, 2013)

ARI (years) Significant Wave Height (m) 20 1.92 50 2.63 100 2.71 200 2.75 500 2.80

3.2.2.2 Wave Hindcast A wave hindcast was performed for an 11-year period from 2007 to mid-2018. This period includes several notable wave events and includes 5 of the top 10 peak wave conditions recorded by the Cairns Waverider buoy that was installed in 1975. Details of the wave modelling system used to perform the hindcast and its predicative skill are provided in Appendix C.

Hourly timeseries of wave parameters (significant wave height, wave peak period and wave peak direction) were derived from the hindcast at a location in 5 m water depth (below AHD) within Half Moon Bay and approximately 1 km offshore from the proposed development site. Timeseries plots of the wave parameters for the hindcast period are shown in Figure 3-8. This data is the basis for establishing wave statistics and extreme value analysis presented in below.

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Figure 3-8 Half Moon Bay Wave Parameter Timeseries: 11-year Hindcast

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Distribution of Wave Height and Direction The distribution of significant wave height and direction from the hindcast simulation at the Cairns Waverider Buoy and Half Moon Bay locations are shown in Figure 3-9. Significant wave heights greater than 1.4 m are rare and occur from the northeast to southeast directions at the Cairns Waverider buoy location. Due to sheltering from the headland at Yorkeys Knob and orientation of the bathymetric contours, prevailing waves from the southeast refract towards the easterly sector as they propagate to Half Moon Bay. The most frequent direction for extreme waves at both locations is the northeast, noting a narrower directional band at Half Moon Bay due to the local topography and bathymetry.

The monthly probability distribution of wave height is provided in Table 3-4 and indicates extreme waves typically occurring between January and April. Further analysis of the extreme wave population is provided in sections below.

Figure 3-9 11-year Hindcast Wave Rose: Cairns Waverider Buoy Location (left) and Half Moon Bay (right)

Table 3-4 Half Moon Bay Monthly Probability Distribution of Significant Wave Height

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Wave Period A scatter plot of wave period versus significant wave height at Half Moon Bay is shown in Figure 3-10. This indicates the longer period (>8 seconds) ocean swell waves tend to be associated with significant wave heights less than 1 m. The locally generated sea waves are typically less than 1.5 m in height with a wave period within the 2 to 6 second band. Extreme waves exceeding 2 m in height tend to have a wave period between 7 and 9 seconds.

For waves generated by local winds, it is suggested that a wave steepness of around 1 in 40 would be a reasonable (upper bound) estimate of peak wave period for design conditions greater than or equal to the 1-yr ARI. Following this approach, estimates for design wave height and period pairs are provided below in Table 3-6.

Figure 3-10 Significant Wave Height and Wave Peak Period Scatter Plot

Hindcast Extreme Value Analysis A Peak Over Threshold (POT) approach was used to select independent peak wave height conditions from the continuous hindcast dataset. Peak significant wave heights greater than a threshold (in the range 1.2–1.4 m) were selected for extreme value analysis (EVA). A period of 5 days between peaks was adopted to ensure independence of events. The top 10 largest wave heights from the 11 year hindcast are summarised in Table 3-5. Five of the top 10 peak wave heights can be attributed to TC events, and the largest hindcast wave height was due to TC Ita in April 2014.

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Table 3-5 Top 10 Largest Hindcast Wave Heights in Half Moon Bay

Rank Date Event Name Peak Hs (m) 1 11/04/2014 TC Ita 2.22 2 2/02/2011 TC Yasi 2.04 3 12/01/2009 1.64 4 23/01/2013 TC Oswald 1.64 5 13/03/2015 TC Nathan 1.58 6 19/03/2012 1.55 7 30/01/2010 TC Olga 1.53 8 10/02/2008 1.52 9 2/03/2008 1.47 10 12/04/2012 1.42

To derive significant wave heights corresponding to the design recurrence intervals relevant to the project, Extreme Value Analysis (EVA) was performed on the POT sample of independent peak wave heights (Coles, 2001). Generalised Pareto distributions were fitted to the POT exceedances using a Maximum Likelihood estimator fitting technique. Distributions were fitted to population samples representing all hindcast wave height peaks (‘all data’) and only non-TC event wave height peaks (‘non-TC data’). The EVA return level plot showing the distribution fit to ‘all data’ is shown in Figure 3-11.

Figure 3-11 11-year Hindcast Extreme Value Analysis Significant Wave Height Return Period Plots: non-TC Data (left) and All Data (right)

Design Wave Parameters The best-estimate significant wave heights and peak wave period for the 1, 20, 50, 100, 200 and 500-yr ARIs in Half Moon Bay is presented in Table 3-6. This table includes wave statistics based on non-TC, combined and TC-only populations. The corresponding statistics at the development site based on nearshore wave transformation modelling is summarised in Table 3-7. The wave conditions at this location are depth-limited and therefore the modelling results are sensitive to the adopted water level. The lower limit of the significant wave height range in Table 3-7 corresponds to a

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coincident Mean High Water Springs (MHWS) water level, while the upper limit represents a coincident peak storm tide condition at the corresponding ARI (see Table 3-2). The critical wave direction is from the north to north-easterly sector.

Table 3-6 Preliminary Design Wave Height and Period Statistics in Half Moon Bay (bed elevation 5 m below AHD)

ARI Hsig (m) hindcast Hsig (m) hindcast Hsig (m) Tropical Tp (s), estimated (years) fitted distribution fitted distribution Cyclone, BMT WBM from Figure 3-10 (non-TC data) (all data) (2013) 1 1.32 1.40 - 5 to 6 20 1.67 2.09 2.53 7 to 8 50 1.82 2.33 2.82 8 to 9 100 1.91 2.50 2.88 8 to 9 200 - - 2.92 8 to 9 500 - - 2.97 8 to 9

Table 3-7 Preliminary Design Wave Height Statistics at the Development Site (bed elevation 1.3 m below AHD)

ARI (years) Hsig (m) based on wave transformation modelling* 1 1.16 to 1.36 20 1.18 to 1.47 50 1.19 to 1.56 100 1.20 to 1.59 200 1.20 to 1.61 500 1.21 to 1.64 *lower limit based on coincident MHWS water level; upper limit based on coincident storm tide condition at the corresponding ARI

3.3 Fluvial Conditions In relation to fluvial flood mechanisms, the dominant source of flooding for the proposed site is from regional flooding associated with the Barron River. Flood impact at the site can vary depending on tide/surge levels within Half Moon Bay. As this assessment is related to flood impacts, a mean sea level tide has been assumed to remove tidal influences on flood levels at the site.

Flooding from the Barron River originates from breakout on the northern side of the river between Caravonica and Freshwater. From then on, flow occurs in a northerly direction through the Smithfield area to the Half Moon Creek catchments area, west of Yorkeys Knob Road. Flood flow is northwards through Half Moon Creek to discharge in to Half Moon Bay.

The proposed site (access road and carpark) is generally flood free for all regional flood events up to and including the 50-yr ARI design flood event. Flooding at the site is a result of flow through the creek (proposed car park area) and via breakout through the upstream golf course in the case of the access road. Golf course breakout occurs though existing drainage paths within the golf course to

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discharge via the existing drainage path in to the downstream marina. For larger flood events (100-yr ARI and greater) flow inundates the majority of the upstream golf course and inundates the length of the proposed access road to discharge across the length of the southern boundary of the marina.

The figures below show the peak Barron River flood levels for the 2, 50 and 100-yr ARI design events.

Figure 3-12 2-yr ARI Regional Peak Flood Levels

Figure 3-13 50-yr ARI Regional Peak Flood Levels

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Figure 3-14 100-yr ARI Regional Peak Flood Level 3.4 Environmental Values The study area comprises a range of habitat types including estuarine wetlands associated with intertidal reaches, foredune communities on coastal sands, and unvegetated beaches. The site is bounded to the west by Half Moon Creek, to the south by previously cleared lands associated with the Half Moon Bay Golf Club, to the north by marine waters associated with the marina, and residential development to the east.

Half Moon Creek and the low-lying intertidal reaches of Ray Howarth Park in the east of the study area support mangrove open forest, mapped as Regional Ecosystem (RE) 7.1.1. This forest is dominated by Rhizophora stylosa with patches of Avicennia marina, Bruguiera gymnorhiza, Lumnitzera racemosa, Excoecaria agallocha and Acrostichum speciosum. The mangroves are bounded on the landward side by sparse fringing Melaleuca leucadendra. The intertidal reaches of the marina support a discontinuous fringe of mangroves dominated by L. racemosa which are bounded on the landward side by patches of saltmarsh dominated by Sporobolus virginicus. Threatened epiphytic ant plants (Myrmecodia beccarii) were recorded in two R. stylosa at the mouth of Half Moon Bay to the southwest of the proposed carpark. Four ant plant colonies were also recorded on a large M. leucadendra on Buckley Street in the vicinity of the proposed road access.

The sand dune in the north of the study area landward of the intertidal zone supports a foredune complex of RE 7.2.7a, comprising grassland, shrubland, low woodland and open forest of varying structure and condition. The foreshore and headland (proposed carpark) is dominated by Casuarina equisetifolia averaging 10-12 m in height and 60% cover over a sparse lower canopy of Hibiscus tiliaceus, Terminalia muelleri, T. arenicola and Acacia spp. averaging 4-6 in height. The headland is

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fronted by beach strand vegetation comprising a sparse groundcover of Ipomoea pes-caprae and Cyperus pedunculatus with the weeds Stylosanthes scabra, Cenchrus echinatus, Melinis repens and Ageratum houstonianum.

The landward zone of the foredune complex is dominated by a mixed canopy ranging from 6-10 m in height and 10-50% cover. A variable sub-canopy ranging from 2-4 M in height and 5-20% cover and sparse emergents 12-15 m in height also occur at some sites. Terminalia spp., Planchonia careya, Melaleuca leucadendra, Chionanthus ramiflora, Cocos nucifera cv. domesticated, Hibiscus tiliaceus, Macaranga tanarius, Acacia oraria, Acacia spp., Ficus spp., Alphitonia excelsa, Drypetes deplanchei, Sterculia quadrifida, Canarium australianum, Exocarpos latifolius, Schefflera actinophylla, Calophyllum inophyllum and Brachychiton acerifolius. Dominant shrubs include Tabernaemontana pandacaqui, Alyxia spicata, Caesalpinia bonduc, Dodonaea viscosa, Jasminum simplicifolium var. australiense, Capparis sp. and Lithomyrtus obtusa. The vine Cynanchum viminale is common and the very sparse ground layer is dominated by Imperata cylindrica, Ipomoea pes- caprae and Megathyrsus maximus. The epiphytic fern Pyrrosia longifolia is common and two unidentified epiphytic orchids were recorded adjacent to the mangroves in the east of the dune complex.

Results from a protected matters search also indicated the study area could support the Broad-leaf Tea-tree (Melaleuca viridiflora) Woodlands in High Rainfall Coastal North Queensland Endangered threatened ecological community (TEC) under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Cth) (EPBC Act). However, no vegetation communities conforming to this type were recorded in study area.

Figure 3-15 shows the distribution of vegetation types, including relevant regional ecosystems (REs) for the area.

Within the marine environment, the only reef or rocky area observed was a boulder field located in the existing dredged navigation channel, just north of the proposed boat ramp. It is unlikely that these boulders support hard corals due to their proximity to the creek, the depth of the habitat and the persistent dredging occurring in the area. However, it is possible that these substrates support other sessile species such as bryozoans, sponges, stinging hydroids and very hardy soft corals that can tolerate brief periods of freshwater (e.g. Echinomuracea spp.). The remainder of the study area was soft sediment, as shown in Figure 3-16. Based on rake transects, some bryozoans, sponges and sea urchins were collected in these areas but were observed infrequently. The soft sediment communities are considered generally to likely have low densities of visible macroinvertebrates.

A light covering of seagrass was observed for the study area in the far western survey extent but not in any other areas (see Figure 3-17). The seagrass consisted of Halodule pinifolia, an early colonising, ephemeral species that often shows substantial variation in extent with changes in season. Therefore, the seagrass occurrence in the project is expected to be highly variable in space and time, with no substantive meadows forming.

Marine macroalgae occurs throughout the study area, with highest densities near the proposed boat ramp and breakwaters (see Figure 3-18). This cover was composed entirely of species resembling the red algae Hypnea, a common macroalgae likely to be utilising nutrient runoff from Half Moon Creek.

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The remnant vegetation and marine environment of the study area likely provide habitat for a variety of fauna and flora species. The terrestrial aspects of the study area have high habitat complexity, ranging from dense vegetation to logs and leaf litter through to the intertidal waters. Despite this, habitat availability for mammals and reptiles is still considered to be low, with birds expected to be the dominant vertebrate group present. Beach habitat may provide important areas for marine turtles and waders, while estuarine wetlands may support saltwater crocodiles.

Of the species potentially occurring in the study area, those that are listed as threatened or protected are shown in Table 3-8, together with their listed status under the EPBC Act and Nature Conservation Act 1992 (Qld) (NC Act). These species have been identified based on database searches and include some species for which habitat has been mapped by state agencies, as shown in Figure 3-19.

Note that the ant plant (Myrmecodia beccarii) is the only threatened species confirmed for the study area during field surveys. However, a camp for spectacled flying fox (Pteropus conspicillatus) is also known in the mangrove forest of Ray Howarth Park to the southwest of the study area (DoEE, 2019). Individuals from this camp are likely to regularly overfly the study area.

Based on this list, the other species likely supported include a range of migratory shorebirds together with seabirds, turtles, inshore dolphins and dugong with the intertidal, wetland and beach habitats of the study area.

3.5 Marine Sediment The marine sediment of the study area is comprised primarily of sands and gravel, although some areas of fines and silts were identified in the lower horizons. Based on the stratification of this material, the natural bed surface appears to be gravels and mud which has been overlain with sand displaced by dredging in Half Moon Bay. Thus, a large proportion of the sediment in the project footprint is likely to have come from other parts of the study area.

This material is uncontaminated, based on the suites provided in the NAGD. This is likely due to the absence of significant upstream contamination sources (e.g. industry, farming) and the highly dynamic nature of Half Moon Bay. Majority of the material, however, showed high levels of ASS and therefore would require liming or other treatment if moved onshore.

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Table 3-8 Protected Species Likely to Occur in Yorkeys Knob Study Area

Common name Scientific name Status* Occurrence Cth Qld Birds Common sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos Mi SLC Known Common noddy Anous stolidus Mi SLC Likely Fork-tailed swift Apus pacificus Mi SLC Known Sharp-tailed sandpiper Calidris acuminata Mi SLC Known Red knot Calidris canutus E, Mi SLC Likely Curlew sandpiper Calidris ferruginea CE, Mi SLC Likely Pectoral sandpiper Calidris melanotos Mi SLC Likely Red-necked stint Calidris ruficollis Mi SLC Known Great knot Calidris tenuirostris CE, Mi E Likely Southern cassowary Casuarius casuarius johnsonii E V Mapped habitat# Lesser sand plover Charadrius mongolus E, Mi SLC Likely Oriental cuckoo Cuculus optatus Mi SLC Likely Macleay’s fig-parrot Cyclopsitta diophthalma V V Known# macleayana Red goshawk Erythrotriorchis radiatus V E Likely Beach stone-curlew Esacus magnirostris - V Likely Lesser frigatebird Fregata ariel Mi SLC Likely Great frigatebird Fregata minor Mi SLC Likely White-bellied storm-petrel Fregetta grallaria grallaria V LC Likely Latham’s snipe Gallinago hardwickii Mi SLC Known White-throated needletail Hirundapus caudacutus Mi SLC Known Barn swallow Hirundo rustica Mi SLC Likely Caspian tern Hydroprogne caspia Mi SLC Known Ba-tailed godwit Limosa lapponica Mi SLC Likely Bar-tailed godwit (baueri) Limosa lapponica baueri V, Mi V Known Northern Siberian bar-tailed Limosa lapponica menzbieri CE, Mi E Possible godwit Black-faced monarch Monarcha melanopsis Mi SLC Known Yellow wagtail Motacilla flava Mi SLC Likely Satin flycatcher Myiagra cyanoleuca Mi SLC Likely Eastern curlew Numenius madagascariensis CE, Mi E Known Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus Mi SLC Known Eastern osprey Pandion cristatus Mi SLC Known Glossy ibis Plegadis falcinellus Mi SLC Known Pacific golden plover Pluvialis fulva Mi SLC Known

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Common name Scientific name Status* Occurrence Cth Qld Rufous fantail Rhipidura rufifrons Mi SLC Known Little tern Sternula albifrons Mi SLC Known Spectacled monarch Symposiachrus trivirgatus Mi SLC Known Crested tern Thalasseus bergii Mi SLC Known Grey-tailed tattler Tringa brevipes Mi SLC Known Common greenshank Tringa nebularia Mi SLC Known Marsh sandpiper Tringa stagnatilis Mi SLC Known Mammals Dugong Dugong dugon Mi V Likely Australian snubfin dolphin Orcaella heinsohni Mi V Likely Spectacled flying-fox Pteropus conspicillatus V V Known# Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin Sousa sahulensis Mi V Likely Water mouse Xeromys myoides V V Possible Reptiles Loggerhead turtle Caretta caretta E, Mi E Likely Green turtle Chelonia mydas V, Mi V Likely Saltwater crocodile Crocodylus porosus Mi V Mapped habitat Leatherback turtle Dermochelys coriacea E, Mi E Likely Hawksbill turtle Eretmochelys imbricata V, Mi V Likely Olive ridley turtle Lepidochelys olivacea E, Mi E Likely Flatback turtle Natator depressus V, Mi V Likely Plants Canarium acutifolium V Possible Ant plant Myrmecodia beccarii V Known Lesser swamp-orchid Phaius australis E Possible Phaius pictus V Likely Polyscias bellendenkerensis V Likely

*Cth status: Critically Endangered (CE), Endangered (E), Vulnerable (V), Migratory (Mi) Qld status: Endangered (E), Vulnerable (V), Near Threatened (NT), Special Least Concern (SLC), Least Concern (LC). **Occurrence: Known – based on historical sightings, as recorded in WildNet database; Likely/Possible – based on modelling of species occurrence/habitat; Mapped – species habitat is mapped as Essential Habitat and/or Habitat for MSES species by Queensland Government (and species assumed present). #Species occurrence marked with a hash indicate that while records or mapping indicate the species is present, habitat on site is unlikely to support actual occurrence.

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3.6 Regulatory Context The study area is included within several listed and protected areas under state and federal legislation. Additionally, as noted above, the area provides habitat for various sensitive and/or protected values and species. These matters are summarised in Table 3-9 and regulatory implications discussed below.

Table 3-9 Regulatory Matters of the Yorkeys Knob Beach Study Area

Matter Location in study area Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area Marine environment – see Figure 3-19 Great Barrier Reef National Heritage Property Marine environment – see Figure 3-19 Great Barrier Reef Coast Marine Park – general use Marine environment – see Figure 3-21 zone Great Barrier Reef Coast Marine Park – estuarine Upstream of study area– see Figure 3-19 conservation zone* Fish Habitat Area – Half Moon Creek* Upstream of study area – see Figure 3-19 High Ecological Significance Wetlands Marine environment – see Figure 3-20 High Ecological Value Waters - Wetlands Marine environment – see Figure 3-2 Coastal Management District All of study area Erosion Prone Area All of study area Storm Tide Hazard Area All of study area Category B Vegetation** Road reserve – see Figure 3-19 Of Concern RE Road reserve – see Figure 3-19Figure 3-15 Marine Plants (seagrass). (note: these do not occur Marine environment – see Figure 3-17 within the project footprint) Marine Plants (macroalgae) Marine environment – see Figure 3-18 Marine Plants (mangroves) Terrestrial environment – see Figure 3-15 Waterway Barrier Works Trigger Half Moon Creek and the unnamed creek discharging to Hal Moon Marina are mapped as tidal waterways and are to be considered for waterway barrier works Essential Habitat / Habitat for MSES Wildlife Terrestrial environment – see Figure 3-19 Threatened and Migratory Species Terrestrial and marine environment, depending on species

*These features are outside of the study area but are noted as their boundaries should be considered in the context of any adaptation in design for the proposed works **Category R vegetation also occurs in the study area. However, as no clearing will occur for the project, this layer will not be triggered.

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The Great Barrier Reef (GBR) World Heritage Area and National Heritage Property are listed as matters of national environmental significance (MNES) under the EPBC Act. Actions that could have a significant impact on MNES are considered ‘controlled actions’ under the Act and require an approval before they can be undertaken. In the context of these two GBR heritage features, a significant impact would occur where works would cause a heritage value to be lost, including a population of important species, ecosystem functions, or significant physical features.

The GBR Coast Marine Park is a state-listed marine park governed under the Marine Parks Act 2000. Part of the study area is within the general use zone (GUZ) of the marine park and includes the proposed ramp, breakwaters and dredging area; the access road and car park area is excluded from the GBR Coast Marine Park. Immediately upstream of the project area is the estuarine conservation zone (ECZ). The works in the marine park will require a Marine Parks Permit under the Act. As the permissibility of a Marine Parks Permit is determined in part based on the zoning of the works, it is noted that the works are more likely to be approved where they remain solely in the GUZ and do not occur within the ECZ. The works are unlikely to be considered reclamation and therefore would unlikely require any potential adjustment of marine park boundaries subject to advice from the Department of Environment and Science.

Similar to the ECZ, the Half Moon Creek fish habitat area (FHA) occurs upstream of the study area. Works within the FHA are unlikely to be approved and therefore the project should avoid this boundary. If works are required, a Development Permit would be required under the Planning Act 2016 (Qld) and Fisheries Act 1994 together with a resource allocation authority (RAA).

Even where works remain outside the FHA, Development Permit(s) would be required for various features, including:

• Tidal works (i.e. boat ramp, breakwaters and dredging footprint);

• Works on state coastal land (i.e. carpark filling and road construction);

• Marine plant disturbance (i.e. for works causing loss of macroalgae and mangroves); and

• Waterway Barrier Works (i.e. for road crossing).

The planning system for Development Permits (under the Planning Act and supporting legislation) sets requirements for these permits through the state development assessment provisions (SDAP). Some key provisions include:

• Development on state coastal land or tidal land must be coastal-dependent development and/or can be abandoned or readily relocated and minimises any change in risk of coastal hazards (i.e. erosion and storm tide inundation) in surrounding areas.

• Development causing marine plant disturbance occurs on land to which the proponent has full riparian access rights, minimise impacts to fisheries values, and offsets and loss of marine plants or fisheries values that cannot be avoided or mitigated.

• Development causing a waterway barrier work (e.g. culvert for road crossing) must be designed to allow appropriate fish passage.

It is assumed that vegetation clearing within the road reserve would be exempt under the Planning Regulation 2017 (Qld) (Schedule 21, Part 2, Item 5). However, where this exemption does not apply,

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a Relevant Purpose determination would be required under s22A of the Vegetation Management Act 1999 (Qld) and a Development Permit under the Planning Act.

Clearing of mangroves may also trigger the need for a Protected Plant Permit to provide for the loss or translocation of ant plants that are known to occur in this vegetation. Additionally, construction of a fence between the road and golf course (where necessary) will need to account for potential impacts to threatened fauna that overfly the study area, including the spectacled flying-fox. Where an impact is expected, this will require a Species Management Program for the affected species.

No other fauna or flora species are expected to be significantly impacted by the proposed works. However, if there are any changes to this assumption, further approvals and/or assessments may be triggered.

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4 Concept Layout Assessment

4.1 Initial Concept Layout The conceptual layout of the proposed facility is shown in Figure 1-1 and was the basis for the assessment reported in this chapter. Key features of the layout include:

• Six-lane boat ramp;

• Two floating walkways;

• Carpark (reclaimed land with ground elevation at 0.5 m above HAT);

• Access road with culverts;

• Breakwaters to provide calm waters as per AS 3962-2001 Guidelines for design of marinas, without impacting on the integrity or functioning of the existing marine breakwaters; and

• Dredge basin to maintain navigational access, to a design depth of 1.5 m below LAT.

The key objectives of the design includes the following:

• To provide all tide boat ramp access;

• To provide operational design of less than 0.3 m/s in a 1-yr ARI event at launching areas;

• Require minimal maintenance dredging;

• To not cause hydrodynamic or sediment changes that cause an undesirable impact to coastal processes;

• To not negatively impact existing structures and facilities e.g. breakwaters and dredge channels; and

• No undesirable impact to local flooding.

4.2 Assessment Approach The concept layout has been assessed by determining the impacts to current speeds, water levels, wave conditions and siltation using the numerical modelling tools described in Appendix C. Flood impacts have been assessed separately and informed by a hydraulic model supplied by CRC. The general assessment approach involves comparing ‘base case’ (existing) conditions with the ‘developed case’ scenario and reporting of the potential ‘impact’ to coastal processes or flooding. Spatial plots (maps) of model outputs are used in the following sections to illustrate the extent of impacts with further details (timeseries outputs) at specific locations of interest provided in Appendix C.

4.3 Operational Performance Assessments

4.3.1 Coastal, 1-yr ARI conditions The non-cyclonic water level analysis presented in Section 3.2.1 estimates the 1-yr ARI ‘tide plus surge’ peak water level to be 1.50 mAHD. A tidal boundary was developed using a predicted spring

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tide in June 2018 with peak water level at 1.50 mAHD. This condition was simulated for the base and developed case scenarios.

Spatial plots of the instantaneous peak flood currents, peak ebb currents and peak water level are shown in Figure 4-2, Figure 4-3 and Figure 4-4. The plots show a reduction in current magnitude within the development footprint. A minor increase in current magnitude is shown at the head of proposed seaward breakwater during both the flood and ebb phases of the tide. No impact to water level within ±0.05 m is predicted. These minor impacts are not expected to cause undesirable impacts to adjacent areas during the representative 1-yr ARI conditions.

AS3962 Guidelines for Design of Marinas Table 4.2 uses a 1-yr ARI design wave event to assess the quality of mooring conditions. The wave hindcast analysis presented in Section 3.2.2 estimates the 1-yr ARI significant wave height in Half Moon Bay to be 1.3 to 1.4 m. This offshore condition was transformed to the development site using the nested wave models forced by ARI winds speeds derived from the Cairns Aero dataset and based on EVA Weibull distribution fitting. A spatial plot of the modelled 1-yr ARI significant wave scenario is shown in Figure 4-5, including base case, developed case and impact to the base case plots. This figure shows the waves from the north- easterly sector within Half Moon Bay reducing to 1.2 m near the proposed development and approximately 0.2 m within the facility harbour. The impact plot shows the reduction wave height extending into Half Moon Creek with the proposed development providing a degree of sheltering from the north-easterly wave conditions.

A directional analysis of the 1-yr ARI significant wave height in Half Moon Bay and corresponding wave condition at the proposed boat ramp facility was also completed. The results of the analysis are summarised in Figure 4-1 and suggest the critical offshore wave condition is from the north to north-easterly direction. The peak significant wave height is less than 0.3 m and therefore meets the AS3962 criteria for a ‘good’ wave climate for small craft harbours. It is noted that the SWAN modelling approach adopted for this assessment does not accurately resolve the fine-scale effects with spatial scales down to sub-metre and sub-second temporal scales. To accurately resolve the propagation of waves around the proposed breakwaters and wave reflections within the harbour a model that employs the non-hydrostatic non-linear shallow water equations would be required (such as SWASH). Further investigation of the wave interactions with the proposed structures may be required to progress the preferred design.

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Table 4-1 AS3962 Guidelines for Design of Marinas (Table 4.2)

Figure 4-1 Directional Analysis of 1-yr ARI Significant Wave Height in the Proposed Facility

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Figure 4-2 1-yr ARI Peak Flood Current: Base Case (left), Developed Case (middle), Impacts (right)

Figure 4-3 1-yr ARI Peak Ebb Current: Base Case (left), Developed Case (middle), Impacts (right)

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Figure 4-4 1-yr ARI Peak Water Level: Base Case (left), Developed Case (middle), Impacts (right)

Figure 4-5 1-yr ARI Significant Wave Height: Base Case (left), Developed Case (middle), Impacts (right)

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4.3.2 Fluvial, 2-yr ARI conditions A high-level regional flood assessment has been conducted to determine the potential flood impacts associated with the proposed works. The assessment was carried out using BMT’s TUFLOW HPC hydraulic model of the Barron Delta which is based on Council’s MIKE21 Barron Delta flood model. Further details of the models are provided in Appendix C.

Following this approach, BMT has relied on the inputs of Council’s model for the assessment in terms of topography, bathymetry and flows. Some minor changes to the topography were conducted at the creek mouth to represent an approximation of the present-day condition.

To assess the potential flood impacts of the proposed works, the following assumptions were included within developed case flood model:

• Carpark: HAT + 0.5 m = 2.357 mAHD.

• Breakwaters: HAT + 1.0 m = 2.857 mAHD.

• Access road: RL2.2 m AHD.

• Culverts under access road: 7/2.1 x 0.9 box culverts (discussed further in Section 4.4.1).

Figure 4-6 shows the location of these structures and the peak water level for the 2-yr ARI regional flood event. The flood extent is outside the areas of proposed works and therefore results in no flood impact for this flood event.

Figure 4-6 Developed Case 2-yr ARI Peak Regional Flood Levels

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4.4 Design Condition Assessments

4.4.1 Coastal, 50-yr ARI conditions The water level analysis presented in Section 3.2.1 estimates the 50-yr ARI ‘tide plus surge’ peak water level to be 1.99 mAHD. A representative water level boundary was constructed by superimposing a surge on a predicted spring tide time series. The surge profile was based on the TC Yasi (February 2011) smoothed residual recorded by Cairns Harbour storm tide gauge. The surge profile was randomly combined with the tide signal and then simulated for the base case and developed case scenarios. The tide and surge phase combination that produced the greatest current magnitude at the Half Moon Creek mouth was used as the basis for the assessment.

Spatial plots of the instantaneous peak flood currents, peak ebb currents and peak water level are shown in Figure 4-7, Figure 4-8 and Figure 4-9. The plots show a reduction in current magnitude within the development footprint. A minor decrease in current magnitude is observed offshore from the proposed facility during the peak flood ‘tide plus surge’ conditions. A minor increase in current magnitude is shown at the head of proposed seaward breakwater during both the flood and ebb phases of the tide. No impact to water level within ±0.05 m is predicted. The influence of the proposed development on the adjacent areas is not expected to cause undesirable impacts under 50-yr ARI conditions.

A spatial plot of the modelled 50-yr ARI significant wave scenario is shown in Figure 4-10, including base case, developed case and impact to the base case plots. This figure shows the waves from the north-easterly sector within Half Moon Bay reducing to approximately 1.2 m near the proposed development and approximately 0.3 m within the facility harbour. The impact plot shows the 0.1 to 0.3 m reduction in wave height extending into Half Moon Creek with the proposed development providing a degree of sheltering from the north-easterly wave conditions. The reduction in wave energy reaching Half Moon Creek shoreline is expected to reduce the potential for undesirable erosion during the 50-yr ARI conditions.

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Figure 4-7 50-yr ARI Peak Flood Current: Base Case (left), Developed Case (middle), Impacts (right)

Figure 4-8 50-yr ARI Peak Ebb Current: Base Case (left), Developed Case (middle), Impacts (right)

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Figure 4-9 50-yr ARI Peak Water Level: Base Case (left), Developed Case (middle), Impacts (right)

Figure 4-10 50-yr ARI Significant Wave Height: Base Case (left), Developed Case (middle), Impacts (right)

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4.4.2 Fluvial, 100-yr ARI conditions The developed case peak flood levels for the 100-yr ARI design flood event are presented in the top panel of Figure 4-11 and the bottom panel presents the impacts relative to the base case.

The results show that for 100-yr ARI regional flood event, flood impacts are predicted within the mouth area of Half Moon Creek and within the adjacent golf course area.

Whilst impacts of over 100 mm are predicted within the mouth area, they are confined to the mouth itself and do not propagate significantly upstream. Flood impacts are restricted to open space/mangrove areas and do not affect existing habitable dwellings.

Similarly, the impacts within the golf course (generally less than 80 mm) are restricted to open space/drainage areas and do not adversely impact on existing urban areas.

As noted in Section 4.3.2, the developed case scenario includes 7/2.1 x 0.9 box culverts under the access road. The initial access road height and culvert sizing were based on the 50 year ARI regional flood levels. Up to and including this event, the embankment on which the access road is situated, except for the tidal waterway to the golf course, does not overtop. The proposed access road culverts have been sized to minimise upstream flood impacts based on the 100 year ARI design flood event. Peak 100 year flows through the proposed culverts are predicted to be 22.7 m3/s. It is noted that existing spring tide and storm tide flows (up to the 50 year ARI) are predicted to be less than 10 m3/s. Therefore, the proposed culvert crossing provides adequate conveyance for the existing upstream flows. Final culvert arrangement including invert details will require further consideration at the design progresses.

Being a high-level flood assessment, refinement of the flood model (higher resolution grid) will be required for detailed design of the proposed facility and structures to mitigate impacts to flooding. This would include finer scale modelling and an up-to-date, site specific survey. It is anticipated that with further refinement of the flood model, the impacts presented in this report can be reduced.

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Figure 4-11 Developed Case 100-yr ARI Peak Regional Flood Levels (top) and Impact Relative to the Base Case (bottom)

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4.5 Siltation Assessments The siltation assessment used the coupled TUFLOW FV – SWAN models to simulate sediment transport over a six-week hindcast period, corresponding to the November to December 2018 data collection campaign. Wind roses based on data from the Cairns Aero weather station for the ‘siltation assessment period’ and ‘annual average’ (based on 2017 and 2018 data) are shown in Figure 4-12. The assessment period includes a greater proportion of north-easterly conditions in comparison to the long-term average. It is assumed the north-easterly wind (and wind wave) conditions are more likely to promote southerly littoral processes at Trinity Park Beach and sand accumulation in the inner channel. It is therefore noted that conditions during the siltation assessment period may be slightly biased towards inner channel siltation rather than representative of ‘average’ conditions.

Figure 4-12 Siltation Assessment Period Wind Rose (left) and Annual Average Wind Rose (right) Siltation associated with the base and developed case scenarios were simulated for the six-week period and the results extrapolated to obtain estimate of annual average siltation volumes within the inner channel, entrance to Half Moon Creek and the proposed facility area. Spatial plots showing the distribution of siltation for the base and developed case scenarios and the difference in the siltation (impact) are shown in Figure 4-13. Siltation rates up to 450 mm/year are estimated within the inner channel and creek entrance. The assessment suggests impacts associated with the proposed development are minor and limited to the inner channel area (Zone B). The proposed facility slightly reduces the modelled channel siltation volume, primarily due to the development footprint ‘removing’ some of the available material to the east of the channel. Annual average siltation volumes within the inner channel (Zone B) and Half Moon Creek entrance (Zone A) area summarised in Table 4-2. It is noted that the total base case siltation volume within the inner channel and creek entrance (approximately 8,800 m3/year) is within the estimated range of 2,700 to 24,000 m3/year reported by GHD (2015).

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Table 4-2 Inner Channel Siltation Volumes

Channel Zone Base Case (m3) Developed (m3) Impact (m3) A (Half Moon Creek) 4564 3832 -732 B (inner channel) 4202 3589 -613

Figure 4-13 shows a siltation rate within the proposed facility between 100 to 200 mm/year. This corresponds to a volume of approximately 800 m3/year.

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Figure 4-13 Siltation: Base Case (top), Developed Case (middle) and Impact (bottom)

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4.6 Environmental Impacts The following Section describes the environmental impacts associated with the proposed development option. The intention of this assessment is to provide an indication of the scale of environmental impact likely to result from construction and operation of the project infrastructure.

4.6.1 Marine Impacts

4.6.1.1 Construction Dredging activities and the construction of the project infrastructure (boat ramp, carpark and breakwaters) will result in a loss of approximately 1.466 ha of marine plants (macroalgae) with densities ranging from less than 1% to 20% cover (Figure 4-14). A light covering of seagrass (1% cover) lies to the northwest of the infrastructure footprint and a boulder field is located to the north; no habitat loss is expected for either of these habitat types. Note that some macroalgae will re- establish after initial disturbance and may spread to the new habitat created by the breakwater and ramp structures. Note also that this area is currently used infrequently for the placement of marine sediment and therefore does not represent permanent habitat for marine plants.

The majority (1.7 ha) of the project footprint of the current design is located within the General Use Zone of the GBR Coast Marine Park while the north eastern extent of the project footprint (0.4 ha) is within the GBR World Heritage Area and National Heritage Property boundary. Approximately 1.64 ha of High Ecological Significant Wetlands and 1.43 ha of High Ecological Value Waters (Wetlands) will be impacted by the project footprint. These impacts are shown in Figure 4-15 and Figure 4-16.

Based on bathymetric survey obtained by BMT in December 2018 (see Figure A-4), an estimated cut volume of 20,000 m3 will be required to achieve a design depth of 1.5 m below LAT within the facility basin. Indirect impacts that may result from dredging and/or excavation include the disturbance of ASS. This may result if dredged sediments are disposed of on land and/or via the mobilisation or excavation of land-based sediment (if required as part of construction works) which may discharge acidic material into the marine environment. Construction management processes, however, are likely to avoid impacts from the discharge of acidic material. The discharge of other contaminants, including hydrocarbons, and the exposure of soils, potentially leading to erosion, runoff and sediment loading, may also occur if appropriate controls are not in place.

The generation of turbid plumes due to rock placement (if material is dirty), piling and excavation works may cause impacts to sensitive receptors in the marine environment. The construction phase may impact underwater fauna from dredging, lighting and underwater noise and vibration associated with piling and other construction activities.

4.6.1.2 Operation An increase in marine traffic may increase marine fauna strike. Lighting and an increase in noise levels may impact on marine mammals, particularly sensitive taxa during breeding times.

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4.6.2 Terrestrial Impacts

4.6.2.1 Construction Based on site surveys, the direct impacts of the current boat ramp design will include a terrestrial habitat loss of 1.57 ha within the infrastructure footprint (see Table 4-4). Based on state mapping, MSES areas that are likely to be lost are presented in Table 4-3. Terrestrial habitat loss is associated with the proposed roadway and carpark. See also Figure 4-17 and Figure 4-18.

Table 4-3 Local habitat type loss in the project area

Habitat Type Area of habitat loss (ha) Mangroves 0.11 Intertidal flats 0.02 Coastal woodland 0.86 Coastal grassland 0.32 Beach 0.26

Table 4-4 MSES habitat loss in the project area

Habitat Type Area of habitat loss (ha) Essential habitat (Southern cassowary) 0.26 Wildlife habitat (Little tern) 0.26 Remnant Vegetation (RE 7.2.7) 0.16 Marine plants (RE 7.1.1) 0.10*

* Note: estimated area only - final areas will be subject to detailed design extent.

MNES and MSES species that may be impacted as a result of the potential habitat loss include: threatened epiphytic plants found in mangroves (e.g. Acriopsis emarginata (pale chandelier orchid), Dendrobium nindii (blue antler orchid) and Myrmecodia beccarii (ant plant)), a threatened orchid, and nesting, roosting and foraging resources for migratory and/or marine bird species, saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) and water mouse (Xeromys myoides) provided by estuarine wetlands and beaches. Given the limited extent of habitat disturbance required for the works in the context of the wider region, significant impacts to MNES and MSES are considered unlikely.

Potential indirect impacts to terrestrial values include the spread of weeds associated with introducing material and construction equipment to the project area. Construction noise, lighting and increased traffic levels may disturb local fauna populations, particularly nocturnal species, and increase the risk of fauna strikes by construction vehicles if not appropriately managed with a traffic management plan.

Construction activities may cause indirect impacts to mangrove populations from vegetation clearance, earthworks, exposure of ASS, contaminated runoff and increased stormwater runoff. These activities may also impact on the MNES and MSES species discussed above.

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4.6.2.2 Any threatened flora species identified within the project footprint will need to be translocated (where possible), subject to relevant approvals. Operation Potential impacts during the operation phase of the project may include disturbance to fauna populations from increased noise and lighting in the local area. Nocturnal (e.g. the threatened spectacled flying-fox (Pteropus conspicillatus)) and sensitive fauna (e.g. breeding crocodiles and roosting and foraging birds) are likely to be more vulnerable to a change in the amenity of the area.

Fauna movement is also likely to be impacted during operation, including fauna strike from road users and the installation of high mesh fencing at the 14th hole to prevent golf balls leaving the golf course. Fauna flying in the direction of the net, including birds and the threatened spectacled flying- fox, may be injured or killed upon impact or may become entrapped in the netting. To avoid this impact, the fence should be designed in consultation with a flying-fox specialist to incorporate elements that will maximise visibility to the animals at night (e.g. reflective tape). When the extent of the fence requirements are finalised, further assessments may also be required as part of an EPBC Referral or other approval process. Based on these assessments, a Species Management Program and/or offsets may be required for the works.

The siltation assessments suggest some maintenance dredging (estimated at 800 m3/year) will be required to maintain navigation within the facility basin. This is a relatively minor impact in the context of the existing annual maintenance dredging of the adjacent channel.

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5 Conclusions and Recommendations

The development has the potential to cause impacts on the environment. In most cases these impacts can be managed through environmentally sensitive design, management of construction and operational phase activities, and contingency planning. The most sensitive environments are mangrove habitat and the adjacent terrestrial areas that will be disturbed by the construction and operation of the access road to the boat ramp facility.

Key considerations in managing these impacts during the design phase as well as through environmental management plans and approvals for construction and operational phases are listed below. Once the preferred facility layout is adopted, further assessments will be required to support the design refinement, detailed management regimes and approval requirements.

• Design of the access road to avoid mangroves as much as practical.

• Following finalisation of access road design, resurvey to identify extent of mangrove impacts and any protected plants (e.g. ant plants) that will be impacted and/or need to be relocated.

• Undertaking works subject to key construction management protocols, including use of clean quarry material and treatment of any disturbed PASS.

• Design of the fence adjoining access road to reduce risk of impacts to flying-foxes.

• Assessment of potential residual impacts to flying-foxes (and any other relevant species) and preparation of EPBC Referral and Species Management Programs as relevant.

• Further investigation of the wave interactions with the proposed structures and within the facility basin at scales down to sub-metre and sub-second to the confirm operational requirements are met.

• Further statistical analysis of appropriate extreme water level and wave condition pairings to inform the design of breakwaters, including consideration of sea level rise and potential changes to TC climatology under a future climate scenario.

• As the flood assessment has been at a relatively high level, it is recommended that further detailed assessment be conducted to support the design process of the site. This would include refinement of the model with updated topography and bathymetry as well as a finer resolution of the model grid. It is anticipated with the recommended refinements, the predicted impacts presented in this report can be further reduced.

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Yorkeys Knob Boat Ramp Facility – Investigation Report 64 References

6 References

BMT (2018a), Approval of Sediment Sampling and Analysis Plan – Half Moon Bay (L.B23406.001.Sediment SAP v0), application to Department of Environment and Science.

BMT (2018b), Trinity Park Beach Coastal Processes (R.B22775.003.01.Trinity Park.docx v1), prepared for Cairns Regional Council.

BMT WBM (2013), Cairns Storm Tide Study Review. Report prepared for Cairns Regional Council. R.B19102.001.02.

Beach Protection Authority (BPA) (1984). Mulgrave Shire Northern Beaches. Report, A detailed study of coastline behaviour in north Queensland, Australia, Beach Protection Authority.

Department of the Environment and Energy (2019), National Flying-fox monitoring viewer, http://www.environment.gov.au/webgis-framework/apps/ffc-wide/ffc-wide.jsf [accessed 21 January 2019).

EcoSustainAbility (2017), Half Moon Bay Spoil Ground: Sediment Sampling and Analysis Plan 2018- 22 (Version 1.0), prepared for Cairns Regional Council.

EcoSustainAbility (2018), Dredging to Half Moon Bay Spoil Ground: Long Term Monitoring and Management Plan: Maintenance Dredging of Half Moon Bay Channels, Bluewater Harbour, Half Moon Creek and Half Moon Bay Marina (Version 1.5), prepared for Cairns Regional Council.

GHD (2015). Bluewater Channel Numerical Modelling, prepared for Cairns Regional Council.

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Yorkeys Knob Boat Ramp Facility – Investigation Report A-1 Marine Studies

Appendix A Marine Studies A.1 Introduction This technical appendix provides supporting field data for the detailed design of the Yorkeys Knob boat ramp project. It provides the methodology, results, and conclusions for marine field studies conducted during December 2018. The marine ecology area of interest is shown within the greater area of interest in Figure A-1.

It does not include information on mangroves or hydrodynamic modelling, which are covered in subsequent terrestrial ecology and numerical modelling appendices, respectively.

The proposed construction of a new boat ramp facility at Half Moon Bay, Yorkeys Knob will occur on an area of unallocated state land adjacent to the Marina and Half Moon Bay Golf Course. The proposed facility consists of a six-lane boat ramp, two floating walkways, a carpark an access road, breakwaters, dredge basin, and high-mesh fencing as protection from the adjacent golf course. The facility will provide access to launch boats into the existing channel that is dredged by Cairns Regional Council (CRC) in Half Moon Bay.

Construction of the reclamation area and boat ramp will require some clearing and disturbance of vegetation, and there is the potential for direct impacts to the value of benthic habitats in the reclamation footprint and indirect impacts to any sensitive receptors in the surrounding area. The reclamation will also change hydrodynamics which could modify the value of surrounding intertidal habitat. To assess the potential impacts of these works, the following datasets were collected:

• Metocean data from deployed instruments and flow data via vessel-based transecting, to inform numerical modelling and metocean design;

• Bathymetric data (model grade) to inform numerical modelling and benthic ecology mapping;

• Sediment quantity assessments in accordance with the National Assessment Guidelines for Dredging (NAGD, 2004) to understand the level of contamination in sediments, levels of acid sulfates, and particle sizing to understand the current distribution of silty and sand bed materials to assist in the interpretation of numerical modelling; and

• High-level mapping of marine benthic ecology, with focus on identifying sensitive receptors in the area (e.g. seagrass, coral assemblages).

A.2 Methods

A.2.1 Coastal Data Collection Metocean data were collected from a series of three unvented In-situ tide recorders, a barometric pressure gauge, and a RDI Workhorse acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP). Instruments were deployed from November 6th to December 5th, 2018. The locations of deployed instruments are shown in Figure A-1.

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The 1200 kHz ADCP placed offshore from Yorkeys Knob and was configured to record currents through the water column and waves. Wave bursts of 20 minutes were collected every 60 minutes, with current measurements taken every 6 minutes. It was deployed in a depth ~4.2 m below AHD, with a blanking depth of 1.06 m above the transducer. There were four 50 cm bins available for the directional current and height spectra.

Boat-mounted ADCP transects measuring instantaneous flow (m3/s) and current speed and direction were completed on the 7th December 2018. The transect locations included the Half Moon Creek entrance, the Marina Entrance and the proposed development site.

Tide and barometric pressure gauges were set to record every 6 minutes over the same duration. Pressure was reduced to metres of seawater using Win-situ Baromerge.

Bathymetry was gathered over the survey area using a 450 kHz interferometric side-scanning sonar and a 200 kHz single-beam downscan sonar. Side-scan imagery (used in the marine ecology assessment) and swath bathymetry files were processed in SonarWiz 7. Swath bathymetry was collected from the Half Moon Creek channels only (without motion compensation). Over wide and shallow areas, single-beam sonar was interpolated. The extent of single-beam and swath bathymetry is shown in Figure A-1.

Depth below the sounder head was brought into Australian Height Datum (AHD) by referencing water level to AusGeoid09 with a real-time kinematic global positioning system (RTK GPS). Differential correction and RTK fix were taken from the Mareeba mountpoint using a subscription the AusCors NTRIP broadcaster. AHD corrections were applied to time-stamped soundings using the tidal editor in SonarWiz 7 as a moving tide gauge. Bathymetry (ASCII) grids were exported from SonarWiz 7 and brought into MapInfo to be contoured and formatted for TUFLOW FV.

A.2.2 Marine Ecology Acoustic imagery of the sea floor was collected using 450 kHz side-scan data from the Half Moon Creek channels and from a series of single-beam acoustic transects taken in the marine ecology study area (Figure A-1). Imagery was bottom-tracked to remove nadir artefacts in SonarWiz 7 using automatic bottom tracking. Grey-scale mosaics of side-scan imagery were imported into MapInfo 15 as geotiffs.

A deployable rake was used to perform short (~5 m) transects to collect marine plants in low visibility (conditions resulting from the coastal crossing of ex tropical cyclone Owen). The locations of seagrass rake transects are shown in Figure A-2. The density of seagrass cover was estimated based on the amount of material on the rake and the distance travelled. Due to the exceptionally patchy and sparse distribution of seagrass, density polygons for seagrass were digitised using a combination of seagrass cover, side-scan imagery, and depth contours. The distribution of macroalgae was much more prevalent and continuous; therefore, macroalgal distribution and density was determined using spatial interpolation. This was done in Vertical Mapper, using natural neighbour interpolation under default settings.

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A.2.3 Sediments

A.2.3.1 Sampling overview A sampling and analysis plan (SAP) for the project was prepared by BMT on behalf of TMR and executed on the 9th and 11th December 2018.

Contaminant List

Contaminants lists have been developed based on existing recent data for the study area (EcoSustainAbility 2018). Nutrient and acid sulfate soil testing have not been undertaken pervious and have been included in the present survey. The contaminant to analysed are presented in tables below.

Table A-1 Laboratory testing – upper horizons <1.5m

Parameter Target PQL NEPM 1 (mg/kg) NAGD or other Level of Screening Level Screening Investigation Level Basic Characteristics Particle Size Distribution (sieve and - All samples 1% - hydrometer) Moisture Content (%) 0.1 - - All samples Total Organic Carbon (%) 0.1 - - All samples Metals and metalloids (mg/kg) Aluminium 200 - 12,918 6 All samples Antimony 0.5 - 2 2 All samples Arsenic 1 3000 20 2 All samples Beryllium 1 500 All samples Boron 50 300000 All samples Cadmium 0.1 900 1.5 2 All samples Chromium 1 3600 80 2 All samples Copper 1 240000 65 2 All samples Iron 100 - 33,870 6 All samples Lead 1 1500 5 2 All samples Mercury 0.01 730 0.15 2 All samples Manganese 10 60000 - All samples Nickel 1 6000 21 2 All samples Selenium 5 10000 All samples Silver 0.1 - 1 2 All samples Zinc 1 400000 200 2 All samples Nutrients Total Nitrogen as N 20 - - All samples Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen as N 20 - - All samples Total Phosphorus as P 1 - - All samples Nitrate and Nitrite as N 0.1 - - All samples Ammonia as N 0.2 - 4 3 All samples Organotins

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Parameter Target PQL NEPM 1 (mg/kg) NAGD or other Level of Screening Level Screening Investigation Level MBT, DBT, TBT - 9 μg Sn/kg surface horizons (to 0.5 μg 0.5 m) at two sites Sn/kg only

Table A-2 Laboratory testing – lower horizons >1.5m

Parameter Target PQL NEPM1 NAGD or other Level of Screening level Screening Investigation Level Basic Characteristics Particle Size Distribution (sieve and - All samples 1% - hydrometer) Total Organic Carbon (%) 0.1 - - All samples

Table A-3 ASS testing

Parameter Target PQL NEPM1 NAGD or other Level of Screening level Screening Investigation Level Acid Sulfate Potential Chromium Suite 2 mole - Liming rate 0.5 m intervals for + H /tonne based on Table entire core length 4.2 (Dear et al., 2014) Field test (pHF and pHFOX) 0.1 pH unit - - 0.5 m intervals for entire core length Sampling Locations

The number of sampling locations was based on the guidance provided in Appendix D of NAGD (Commonwealth of Australia 2009). A total of six locations were sampled within the footprint and the sampling location were chosen at random with the dredge footprint as shown in Figure A-3. Table A-4 provides a list of the GPS coordinates of the sampling locations.

Table A-4 Sampling sites

Location Easting Northing 1 363083.63 8141976.05 2 363110.60 8141991.94 3 363087.18 8142004.73 4 363029.48 8142027.49 5 363129.28 8142021.16 6 363112.83 8142026.81

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A.2.3.2 Sampling Collection Sampling Procedure

Sediment samples were collected using aluminium 75mm diameter (72mm ID) core tubes driven into the sediment using a vibro-corer. Cores were collected to sufficient depth or until refusal was met. Sampling was conducted from BMT’s commercially registered and surveyed research vessel “Resolution II” with the sampling led by a suitably qualified scientist with experience in the application of the NAGD and sediment quality assessments. The vessel was anchored at each sampling location prior to samples and the located was recorded on a handheld GPS.

Any potential contaminants (e.g. lead diving weights, antifoulant, fuel/oils and sunscreen) were removed from the sampling area prior to mobilisation to minimise the potential for cross contamination of samples. The sampling processing area and sampling apparatus (e.g. core tubes, sampling trays and utensils) were thoroughly cleaned with De-con 90 solution prior to use, and were cleaned and rinsed with sea-water to prevent cross contamination between samples. The respective sub-sample horizons of each core from each location were carefully homogenized in a clean container prior to the filling of analytical laboratory-supplied clean sampling jars.

Nitrile gloves were worn by all field personnel handling the sediment, and gloves were disposed of after processing of each sample.

Sample bottles were labelled with a waterproof marker pen on the bottle label and lid. All storage containers were chilled on ice immediately following sample collection. Samples were then delivered to the analytical laboratories within holding times. All samples were submitted to the laboratories with Chain of Custody documentation.

Core Details

Sediment samples were logged and processed onboard the sampling vessel. At each sample location a standardised pro-forma was completed to document sample collected and sediment description. The following information was collected.

Photographs of each core were taken. For each sample, the following details were recorded on a standardised pro-forma:

• Project name and number;

• Date and time of sampling;

• Field sample number;

• Northing and Easting of sample location;

• Type of sampler used (aluminium, PVC, stainless steel, etc);

• Weather conditions and sea state at the time of sampling;

• Tidal Stage and water depth at sample location (derived from onboard depth sounder);

• Depth of core penetration/length of core; and

• Photographs of each sediment sample.

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In addition, a sediment log of each sore was recorded, providing a description of the composition of each sample which included the following information:

• Sediment colour;

• Odour;

• Field texture;

• Observed particle size (fine, fine silt, clay, sand, clayey sand, solid clay, loamy clay);

• Plasticity;

• Estimated % stones; and

• Presence of shell/shell grit.

Quality Assurance and Quality Control

Quality Control during sampling was ensured by:

• Using suitably qualified staff experienced in sediment sampling, field supervision and sediment logging;

• Using a survey vessel that is thoroughly inspected and washed down, prior to the beginning of works each day;

• Following specific sampling procedures, including the provision of field trip blanks, field replicates and field duplicates;

• Ensuring staff wear nitrile gloves while processing samples with gloves changed between samples to avoid cross-contamination;

• Storing samples in appropriately cleaned, pre-treated and labelled sample containers;

• Chilling samples (4°C, -20°C for sPOCAS samples) after sampling and during transport, storing in eskies with pre-frozen ice bricks and ice; and

• Maintaining an accurate chain of custody form for sediment samples collected from the study area. The form identified all sample numbers and the respective analysis and practical quantitation limits required for analysis.

Quality assurance samples (field triplicates and split samples) was collected and analysed as outlined in NAGD (2009), and as specified in the SAP. The primary and secondary laboratories followed laboratory QC procedures in accordance with requirements outlined in Appendix F of NAGD. This includes analysis of laboratory blanks, duplicates, certified surrogate materials and spiked samples, as described below.

Laboratory Analysis Analytical tests

All analytical testing was conducted by NATA accredited laboratory facilities.

Primary analysis of sediment samples was conducted by ALS Brisbane and ALS Sydney was used as the secondary (reference) laboratory for inter-laboratory quality testing for all sediment core samples.

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Laboratory Quality Control

Laboratories followed laboratory QC procedures in accordance with requirements outlined in Appendix F of NAGD. This includes analysis of laboratory blanks, duplicates, certified surrogate materials and spiked samples, as described below. Laboratory Blanks

The purpose of this assessment is to monitor for potential laboratory contamination of samples due to cross- contamination during laboratory preparation, extraction or analysis. Blank sample concentrations should be at or near the detection limit of the method used. Laboratory Duplicates

This assessment refers to a randomly selected intra-laboratory split sample, which provides information regarding the method precision and sample heterogeneity. Results are presented as Relative Percent Difference (RPD) values of two sample concentrations for a specific contaminant.

NAGD recommends that duplicates should agree within a typical RPD of the method of ±35 %. This recommended RPD is typically not adopted by analytical laboratories as it does not account for the greater uncertainty for contaminant concentrations close to the method’s detection limit. For the primary laboratory ALS the permitted ranges for the Relative Percent Deviation (RPD) of laboratory duplicates are specified in ALS Method QWI-EN/38 and are dependent on the magnitude of results in comparison to the level of reporting:

• Result < 10 times LOR: No Limit;

• Result between 10 and 20 times LOR: 0% - 50%; and

• Result > 20 times LOR: 0% - 20%. Surrogate and Matrix Spikes

Surrogate spikes or Laboratory Control Samples (LCS) are certified reference materials similar in composition to the target analyte but not likely to be present in the environment. The purpose of this measurement is to monitor method precision and accuracy.

Matrix spikes refer to an intra-laboratory split sample spiked with a representative set of target analytes of known concentration. Matrix spikes are assessed to monitor potential sample matrix effects on analyte recoveries.

For both surrogate and matrix spikes, a calculation of the percent recovery of the spiked amount against the returned concentration is performed indicating analytical performance.

NAGD states that recovery limits of 75% - 125% are generally acceptable. Analytical laboratories typically adopt specific surrogate and matrix spike recovery limits for the various contaminant compound groups. It is also noted that ideal recovery ranges may be waived in the event of sample matrix interference.

Date Analysis

Concentrations of contaminants measured in sediment samples will be compared to screening levels as described in (reference) and (reference). Those being Table 1A(1) and Table 1B(6) of the NEPM Volume 2 Schedule B1 in the first instance to determine whether the material is acceptable for placement on land, and

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subsequently, Table 2 of NAGD if required to determine potential impact of dredge plumes and suitability for placement at sea (if required).

Mean concentrations of chemical parameters at the upper 95% confidence level (95% UCL) will be compared against screening levels described in (reference) and (reference). An assessment of the material’s suitability for land-based re-use will follow the statistical analysis and the data evaluation procedures in Section 3.4, Volume 5 Schedule B4 of the NEPM. In the event that 95th percentile upper confidence limits for particular contaminants are exceeded, the next steps would be to follow the decision tree in Volume 1, Schedule A of the NEPM to determine a site remediation plan or collect further data describing the nature of contamination.

The statistical analysis will follow the approach given in Appendix A of NAGD if necessary to inform whether the material is appropriate for placement at sea.

A.3 Results

A.3.1 Coastal Data Collection The numerical modelling appendix (C) describes the results of deployed instrumentation and shows model calibration and validation to these datasets.

Bathymetry data with respect to AHD are shown in Figure A-4. The entrance to the proposed new boat ramp area and potential reclamation area are presently very shallow. The Cairns tidal planes show mean sea level at approximately 1.6 m above lowest astronomical tide (LAT). The sand banks north and south of the maintained channels are intertidal (above LAT).

The two deepest areas occur in the main channel of Half Moon Creek, and the mouth of the creek and around the largest meander of the main channel. The bathymetry of the Blue Water Marina shows many steep-walled revetments and several shallow depositional areas, particularly along the south-western and northern marina extents.

Within the marine ecology survey extent, the bathymetry shows the deep maintained channel area running through the middle of the area, with shallow sand banks situated on either side. North of the main channel are three broad ridges of sand that may be the result of sediment being mobilised towards the shore, in an easterly direction. Waves were observed breaking on these sand banks (prior to survey) during the landfall crossing of ex-tropical cyclone Owen.

The bathymetry data are suitable for hydrodynamic modelling but are not suitable for navigation.

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A.3.2 Marine Ecology Bathymetry and side-scan sonar data show a boulder field located in the dredged channel, just north of the proposed new boat ramp (Figure A-4, Figure A-5). Visibility conditions were too poor to assess this habitat using remote video at the time of survey It is unlikely that these boulder support hard corals given their proximity to Half Moon Creek, the depth of the habitat, and the persistent dredging that occurs within this area. It is possible that these substrates support other sessile species such as bryozoans, sponges, stinging hydroids and possibly very hardy soft corals, that can tolerate brief periods of fresh water (such as Echinomuracea spp.). It is likely that these hard surfaces represent left-over materials that are too difficult or too large to be dredged.

No other reefs or rocky areas were observed inside the area of interest, apart from the existing breakwater, and the area of sea floor beneath the proposed footprint appears flat and featureless (Figure A-4, Figure A-5).

The shallower areas observed in Figure A-4 correspond with brighter side-scan imagery as shown in Figure A-5, suggesting that these are more reflective materials such as coarse sands. The most northern sandbank also has a series of darker striations running through it, suggesting that this areas is composed of a mixture of muds and coarse sands. Several lines in the sea floor that do not correspond to vessel tracks are most likely pipelines or dredge equipment that was in use at the time of survey. There was also an area of dark, non- reflective sea floor at the far western survey extent. This area corresponded with the presence of seagrass on a rake transect and is likely a muddier depression supporting seagrass.

The distribution and density of seagrass is shown in Figure A-6. A light covering (1% cover) was be found in the far western survey extent. No seagrass was found within the proposed boat ramp footprint. Halodule pinifolia is an early colonising, ephemeral species that often shows substantial variation in extent with changes in season. Given the sparse nature of this seagrass, and its ephemeral nature, the distribution is likely to be highly variable in space and time at the proposed boat ramp location.

Marine macroalgae was found in various locations within the marine ecology survey area, with the highest densities found within the proposed footprint (Figure A-7). This cover was composed entirely of a species resembling the red algae Hypnea (Figure A-8 A). Other fauna collected during rake transects included bryozoans, sponges and sea urchins (Figure A-8 B, C, D). These were observed infrequently and the soft sediment communities likely have low densities of visible macroinvertebrates.

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Figure A-8 Examples of marine benthos: macroalgae resembling Hypnea sp. (A); bryozoans (B); sponge (C); sea urchin (D).

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A.3.3 Sediments All laboratory results QAQC reports, photographs and sediment quality logs are attached to the end of this Appendix.

A.3.3.1 Retained Core Sample Depths Summary of the tarted and retained core lengths are provided in Table A-5. All samples met refusal at each site and multiple cores were undertaken at each sampling site to ensure sufficient material was retained for laboratory analysis.

Table A-5 Targeted and retained core lengths

Location Targeted core length (m) Retained core length (m) 1 2.6 0.8 2 2.6 1.0 3 2.6 1.73 4 2.6 1.1 5 2.6 1.9 6 2.6 1.5

A.3.3.2 Particle Size Distribution and Settling Rate Figure A-9 illustrates the percentage of sediment size classes in each sub-sample. All samples were dominated by gravel and sand size fractions typically representing from 3-51% and 42-60% of the sample weight, respectively. The exception to this was the lower horizon at sites 3, 5 and 6 which had relatively high proportion of silts and clays compared to other sub-samples. It should be noted that these sub-samples were taken from below the maximum dredge depth.

Settling velocity for 50% and 90% of particles ranged between 30.6 to 57.6 mm/min and 1.8 to 57.6 mm/min respectively. Apart from 3-A, 4-A, 4-B and 5-A, the other sites recorded 50% settling velocity ate was equal to the 90% settling velocity rate, which is a reflection the particle size.

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Figure A-9 Particle Size Distribution

A.3.3.3 Trace metals and Metalloids Table A-6 presents summary statistics for metals and metalloids. Concentration of all metals and metalloids were below the NAGD screening levels and NEPM investigation levels at all sampling locations. The 95% UCL for all metals and metalloids were also below NAGD screening levels.

Silver, mercury, antimony, and cadmium were not detected in any samples. Selenium was only detected in one sub-sample at levels slightly greater than the laboratory detection limit. There is no NAGD screen level for selenium, but the concentration was below the NEPM investigation levels.

Concentrations of metal and metalloid were typically higher at sites 4, 5 and 6 while levels for similar between the upper horizon (e.g. <0.5m) and lower horizon (e.g. 0.5-1.5m).

A.3.3.4 Organic Compounds Concentrations of organotins compounds (e.g. monobutyltin, dibutyltin and tributyltin) were below the LOR for all sub-samples.

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Table A-6 Concentration of metals and metalloids (mg/kg) results and 95th precent UCLs

Location Al Fe Sb As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Ni Se Ag Zn Hg Units mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg LOR 50 50 0.50 1.00 0.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 10 1.0 0.1 0.1 1.0 0.01 NAGD - - 2 20 1.5 80 65 50 - 21 - 1 200 0.15 NEPM - - - 3000 900 3600 240000 1500 60000 6000 10000 - 400000 730 1-A 1310 2120 <0.50 2.25 <0.1 2.5 <1.0 1.2 53 1 <0.1 <0.1 3.2 <0.01 1-B 860 1460 <0.50 1.56 <0.1 1.7 <1.0 <1.0 23 <1.0 <0.1 <0.1 2.4 <0.01 2-A 1350 2210 <0.50 2.18 <0.1 2.2 <1.0 1.3 29 1.1 <0.1 <0.1 3.4 <0.01 2-B 1500 2100 <0.50 1.97 <0.1 2.6 <1.0 1.5 20 1.2 <0.1 <0.1 3.7 <0.01 9-A 1430 2080 <0.50 2.3 <0.1 2.7 <1.0 1.2 24 1.1 <0.1 <0.1 3.5 <0.01 3-A 2070 2960 <0.50 2.5 <0.1 3.5 1.5 1.9 60 1.7 <0.1 <0.1 6 <0.01 3-B 1850 2680 <0.50 2.69 <0.1 3.4 1.1 1.8 51 1.6 <0.1 <0.1 4.6 <0.01 7-A 1470 2300 <0.50 2.24 <0.1 2.6 1 1.4 35 1.2 <0.1 <0.1 6.8 <0.01 7-B 4780 7440 <0.50 7.55 <0.1 8.5 2.9 4.2 114 3.9 0.1 <0.1 11 <0.01 8-A 1760 4910 <0.50 6.3 <0.1 3.2 1.7 2.7 56 1.7 <0.1 <0.1 4.5 <0.01 8-B 1920 3040 <0.50 2.78 <0.1 3.6 1.4 2 48 1.7 <0.1 <0.1 5.2 <0.01 4-A 2710 4110 <0.50 3.15 <0.1 5 2.1 2.5 48 2.3 <0.1 <0.1 7.6 <0.01 4-B 2100 3080 <0.50 2.8 <0.1 3.9 1.6 2 52 1.7 <0.1 <0.1 5.5 <0.01 5-A 2300 2940 <0.50 2.08 <0.1 3.8 1.7 2.1 42 1.8 <0.1 <0.1 6.2 <0.01 5-B 2390 3170 <0.50 2.65 <0.1 4 1.6 2 46 1.9 <0.1 <0.1 5.7 <0.01 6-A 3210 4620 <0.50 3.8 <0.1 5.7 2 2.8 89 2.8 <0.1 <0.1 7.6 <0.01 6-B 2520 6200 <0.50 5.47 <0.1 6.6 1.7 3 72 2.1 <0.1 <0.1 5.9 <0.01

Mean 2090 3377.6 - 3.2 - 3.9 1.7 2.1 50.7 1.8 0.1 - 5.5 2090

Standard deviation 909.2 1602.6 - 1.7 - 1.7 0.5 0.8 24.1 0.7 - - 2.1 909.2 95% UCL 2475 4190 - 3.899 - 4.73 1.948 2.449 60.92 2.124 - - 6.345 -

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A.3.3.5 Nutrients and organic Carbon Nutrients and total organic and inorganic carbon analysis results are shown in Table A-7. The concentrations of total organic carbon in sediment sub-samples within the proposed dredge footprint ranged from 0.05% (sample 3-A) and 2.82 (sample 3-C), with an overall average of 0.31%, reflecting the sandy nature of sediments. Total inorganic carbon (TIC) concentration were similar to TOC and ranged from 0.08% to 0.83% with an overall average of 0.25%.

Total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations across the proposed dredge area ranged between 40 to 230 mg/kg, and 24 to 80 mg/kg, respectively. Nutrient concentrations were highest at locations 4, 5 and 6. Nitrate and nitrite concentrations were below the LORs in all samples from the dredge area. NAGD (2009) guidelines do not provide screening levels for nutrients or TOC in bulk sediments, but typical of sandy estuarine sediments. There are no NEPM investigation levels for nutrients or TOC.

Table A-7 Concentrations of nutrients (mg/kg) and total organic carbon (%) in each sub-sample

Location Ammon Nitrite Nitrate NOx TKN TN TP TOC TC TIC ia LOR 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 20 20 2 0.02 0.02 0.02 NAGD ------NEPM ------1-A 0.2 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 50 50 29 0.06 0.15 0.09 1-B <0.2 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 40 40 24 0.06 0.18 0.12 2-A <0.2 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 50 50 30 0.08 0.16 0.08 2-B <0.2 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 50 50 28 0.09 0.3 0.21 9-A 0.2 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 60 60 28 0.07 0.16 0.09 3-A <0.2 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 40 40 35 0.05 0.13 0.08 3-B 0.3 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 40 40 29 0.06 0.47 0.41 3-C ------2.82 3.64 0.82 7-A 0.3 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 80 80 38 0.08 0.18 0.1 7-B 0.4 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 120 120 58 0.41 0.61 0.2 8-A 0.3 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 60 60 40 0.08 0.2 0.12 8-B 0.5 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 140 140 42 0.36 0.68 0.32 4-A 0.2 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 190 190 69 0.14 0.4 0.26 4-B 0.2 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 60 60 32 0.29 0.6 0.31 5-A 0.4 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 70 70 42 0.07 0.28 0.21 5-B 0.4 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 90 90 44 0.07 0.17 0.1 5-C ------0.55 0.86 0.31 6-A 0.3 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 100 100 48 0.09 0.33 0.24 6-B 0.3 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 230 230 80 0.09 0.28 0.19 6-C ------0.61 1.44 0.83

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Yorkeys Knob Boat Ramp Facility – Investigation Report A-22 Marine Studies

A.3.3.6 Acid Sulfate Soils

Acid sulfate soil test results are shown in Table A-8. All samples reported pHf greater than 5 with an average value of 7.93 which indicates that actual ASS is not present. Likewise, pHFOX for all samples were greater than

5, indicating the presence of potential ASS is unlikely. The change in pHF and pHFOX varied between 1.12 and 2.34 with average value of 1.65. This indicates that minimal potential for PASS, with the change at 3-B, 4-A and 5-A generally indicating a stronger indication of PASS.

Samples returned pHKCl values ranging from 8.8 and 9.5, which indicates actual acidity in the samples is unlikely. These results are supported by titratable Actual acidity (TAA and sTAA) which were noted as less than the LOR at all locations and does not indicate the presence of ASS.

Chromium Reducible Sulfur (Scr) values were above the LOR for all samples, ranging from 0.13 to 0.815 %S and therefore including low amounts of sulfur were present in the samples. Results from acid neutralising capacity (ANC) tests indicate that sediments have sufficient capacity to self-neutralise if exposed to oxygen

(values ranging between 0.89 and 6.47 %CaCO3), and liming would not be required to treat soils if placed on land (Table A-8).

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Yorkeys Knob Boat Ramp Facility – Investigation Report A-23 Marine Studies

Table A-8 Acid Sulfate Soil (Chromium suite and SPOCAS)

Analyte grouping/Analyte Units PQL 1-A 1-B 2-A 2-B 3-A 3-B 4-A 4-B 5-A 5-B 6-A 6-B 6-C pH field and FOX pHF pH Unit - 7.86 7.86 7.93 7.77 7.93 7.98 8.10 8.03 8.24 7.96 7.92 7.80 7.74 pHFOX pH Unit - 6.74 6.37 6.46 6.58 5.98 5.64 6.08 6.77 6.09 6.08 6.34 6.17 6.31 ∆pH pH Unit - 1.12 1.49 1.47 1.19 1.95 2.34 2.02 1.26 2.15 1.88 1.58 1.63 1.43 Actual Acidity pH KCl pH Unit 0.1 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.6 9.3 9.0 9.4 9.5 9.5 9.4 8.8 Titratable Actual Acidity mole H+ / t 2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 sulfidic - Titratable Actual Acidity % pyrite S 0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Potential Acidity Chromium Reducible Sulfur % S 0.005 0.016 0.013 0.013 0.015 0.021 0.014 0.064 0.296 0.054 0.021 0.025 0.062 0.815 acidity - Chromium Reducible Sulfur mole H+ / t 10 <10 <10 <10 <10 13 <10 40 185 34 13 16 39 508 Acid Neutralising Capacity and Acid Base Accounting Acid Neutralising Capacity % CaCO3 0.01 0.97 0.89 1.03 1.24 0.89 3.49 1.23 1.46 1.48 1.03 2.04 1.19 6.47 acidity - Acid Neutralising Capacity mole H+ / t 10 194 177 206 249 177 698 246 292 296 206 409 237 1290 sulfidic - Acid Neutralising Capacity % pyrite S 0.01 0.31 0.28 0.33 0.40 0.28 1.12 0.39 0.47 0.47 0.33 0.66 0.38 2.07

ANC Fineness Factor 0.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 Net Acidity (sulfur units) % S 0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Net Acidity (acidity units) mole H+ / t 10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 Liming Rate kg CaCO3/t 1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 Net Acidity excluding ANC (sulfur units) % S 0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 0.02 <0.02 0.06 0.30 0.05 0.02 0.02 0.06 0.82 Net Acidity excluding ANC (acidity units) mole H+ / t 10 <10 <10 <10 <10 13 <10 40 185 34 13 16 39 508 Liming Rate excluding ANC kg CaCO3/t 1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 3 14 2 <1 1 3 38

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Yorkeys Knob Boat Ramp Facility – Investigation Report A-24 Marine Studies

A.3.4 Laboratory Quality Assurance and Quality Control Limits of Reporting

LORs used by the primary laboratory (ALS) were below relevant PQLs for most parameters (as per NAGD).

Sampling Holding Times

All samples were received by the laboratories in appropriately pre-treated and preserved containers. Samples were chilled with ice whilst in the field and during delivery. All analyses were undertaken by the laboratories within recommended holding times.

Laboratory Blanks

Results indicated that the laboratory blank assessment was within the acceptable criteria.

Laboratory Duplicates

Results indicated that laboratory duplicates were within the permitted ranges for the Relative Percent Deviation (RPD).

Surrogate and Matrix Spikes

The assessment of surrogate and matrix spike recoveries was satisfactory for all sub-samples.

A.3.5 Field Quality Assurance and Quality Control Field Triplicate

Analyses of field triplicate samples were within the ±50 % NAGD criterion for RSDs for most parameters samples in the upper horizon (e.g. <0.5m). The exception was arsenic, with the variability occurring between one of the triplicate samples and the primary sample. The RSD for most metals and nutrients in the lower horizon (e.g. 0.5-1.5m) did not met the 50% NADG criteria. This included aluminium. Iron, arsenic, chromium, copper, manganese, nickel, zinc, TKN, TN and TOC.

Triplicate Laboratory Split

The NAGD states that the RPD for split triplicate samples should be within ±35 %. The inter-laboratory RPDS exceeded the criteria guideline level for moisture content, ammonia, total carbon and total inorganic carbon.

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Yorkeys Knob Boat Ramp Facility – Investigation Report A-25 Marine Studies

A.4 Conclusions The proposed boat ramp and reclamation area will be situated on intertidal to subtidal sand with relatively high sand and gravel content. Beyond the first metre of sediment, the particle size of these sediments drops rapidly, as clay and silt-sized particles become dominant. Sediments within the potential dredge area are uncontaminated, but will require acid sulfate management, if disposed on land. The lack of contamination is not surprising, given the highly dynamic nature of the area, relatively coarse particle size, and history of beach nourishment in the area.

The bathymetry survey showed that the maintained channel is situated between two very shallow areas of sand. The arrangement of these north of the channel is consistent with easterly swells mobilising sands towards the shore. The largest bend of the main channel of Half Moon Creek and the creek mouth were the deepest regions surveyed. A boulder field situated north of the proposed boat ramp area offers the largest areas of complex rocky sub-tidal habitat in the surveyed area (apart from the existing seawalls). Benthic cover could not be assessed here due to visibility at the time, but this area is unlikely to support hard corals given the immediate influence of fresh water and consistent dredging. It is considered much more likely to support sponges, bryozoans, and stinging hydroids as these are much more tolerant of fresh water pulses, and smaller representatives of these taxa were observed over sandy substrates elsewhere. The proposed footprint does not directly interact with this area of complex habitat.

The boat ramp reclamation site is very shallow and almost devoid of any hard substrates, apart from the existing revetment wall. There are occasional woody debris (fallen mangroves) found in the mud.

The primary sensitive marine receptors to be affected by the proposed development are seagrass and macroalgae. There was a sparse cover of Halodule pinifolia in the far western survey extent; cover was 1% or less and this did not overlap with the footprint. Marine macroalgae (c.f. Hypea sp.) was found in various locations within the marine ecology survey area, with the highest densities found within the proposed footprint. The sea floor over the boat ramp footprint contains low-density epibenthic communities and can be considered an open substrate, apart from macroalgal cover.

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Yorkeys Knob Boat Ramp Facility – Investigation Report A-26 Marine Studies

A.5 Core Photos and QAQC Laboratory Reports

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Yorkeys Knob Boat Ramp Facility – Investigation Report A-27 Marine Studies

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Yorkeys Knob Boat Ramp Facility – Investigation Report A-28 Marine Studies

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Yorkeys Knob Boat Ramp Facility – Investigation Report A-29 Marine Studies

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Yorkeys Knob Boat Ramp Facility – Investigation Report A-30 Marine Studies

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      7  .$#"!# -.$" !((1%"!# 1111 )/ ) Yorkeys Knob Boat Ramp Facility – Investigation Report B-1 Terrestrial Ecology

Appendix B Terrestrial Ecology B.1 Introduction This Ecological Assessment Report was prepared to identify terrestrial ecological management considerations for the proposed Yorkey’s Knob boating facility. The proposed facility will consist of a single 6-lane boat ramp and associated road infrastructure (refer Figure 1-1).

The objectives of this report include the following:

• Review state and federal ecological values documented for the site and surrounds;

• Assess and describe current flora and fauna habitat composition and condition across the site based on survey;

• Confirm the known/potential occurrence of matters of state and national environmental significance (MSES/MNES) such as threatened communities and potential habitat for threatened taxa;

• Describe potential impacts of the proposal on site ecological values; and

• Provide recommendations for site ecological management including potential approval requirements.

B.2 Methodology

B.2.1 Desktop Review The following data was reviewed to map and describe documented ecological values of the study site to be validated in the ensuing field survey:

• Current and historical aerial imagery;

• Data for State biodiversity interests, including:

○ Vegetation and Essential Habitat regulated under the Vegetation Management Act 1999 (VM Act);

○ 2015 Preclear and Remnant Regional Ecosystem (RE) Mapping (V10.1);

○ High risk areas mapped under the Protected Plants Flora Survey Trigger Map regulated under the Nature Conservation Act 1992 (NC Act);

○ Wetland Protection Areas;

○ Nature Refuges/offsets and other biodiversity covenants;

○ Queensland Wildnet Online Data Search;

• Data for Federal biodiversity interests: EPBC Act Protected Matters Search Tool (PMST) to identify MNES supported with relevant Department of the Environment and Energy (DoEE) Species Profiles and Threats Database (SPRAT);

• Other data resources:

○ Atlas of Living Australia; and

○ DES threatened species modelling.

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Yorkeys Knob Boat Ramp Facility – Investigation Report B-2 Terrestrial Ecology

B.2.2 Field Survey A field survey was undertaken to verify the results of the desktop review and to describe the nature, extent, condition and suitability of site habitats and their capacity to support terrestrial and wetland MNES/ MSES.

B.2.2.1 Vegetation Assessment To ground truth the desktop assessment, surveys were undertaken within representative sites for each vegetation community accessible on foot to record landscape features, vegetation composition, structure and condition. The flora survey methodology was consistent with the Methodology for Survey and Mapping of Regional Ecosystems (Neldner et al. 2017). Data collected included: site location, environmental and overall structural information (height and cover of each layer), and a list of dominant species within each layer. Informal notes and photographs of site condition were recorded throughout the survey.

A targeted search was undertaken across the various vegetation communities to determine habitat suitability, likely/known presence and location of significant flora species. The study site has not been mapped as High- risk under the Protected Plants Flora Survey Trigger Map, therefore the flora survey did not need to conform with the Flora Survey Guidelines – Protected Plants.

Any prohibited or restricted invasive matters listed under the Biosecurity Act 2014 or locally significant pest species were recorded.

B.2.2.2 Terrestrial Fauna Habitat Assessment A terrestrial fauna habitat survey was undertaken concurrently with the vegetation assessment. The fauna habitat survey was undertaken to:

• Describe fauna habitat features of the study site;

• Identify known and potential terrestrial fauna species within the study site;

• Identify the known or potential presence of significant terrestrial fauna species and their preferred habitat; and

• Confirm presence of essential habitat features of the study site for targeted fauna species.

The following fauna habitat features/indicators were recorded within representative habitat types, including:

• Presence or proximity to freshwater and estuarine wetlands;

• Presence or proximity to intertidal mudflats/sandflats/reef/rock platforms;

• Presence of large hollow-bearing trees (Note: a detailed tree survey to record all hollow-bearing trees across the study site was beyond the scope of this assessment);

• General assessment of ground cover attributes for shelter and foraging resources;

• Presence of woody debris / leaf litter / rock crevices; and

• Types and level of habitat disturbances.

Whilst no targeted fauna survey techniques such as trapping, fishing, spotlighting, call playback etc. were undertaken, the desktop assessment and habitat survey were completed to a level of detail sufficient to describe the overall environmental values and potential impacts of the proposed development. If the habitat

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Yorkeys Knob Boat Ramp Facility – Investigation Report B-3 Terrestrial Ecology

survey indicated future targeted fauna survey work is warranted, recommendations for further work have been detailed in the following sections.

B.2.2.3 Assumptions and Limitations The apparent absence of some species during field surveys does not unequivocally determine that the species does not occur or utilise the site. It is not possible to identify all species present on a site during one-off surveys due to seasonal patterns in activity or the cryptic nature of some species. For this reason, the precautionary principle has been adopted to ascertain the likelihood of a species occurring on the site given the preferences of that species, the available habitat on site and historic records for the species.

B.3 Results

B.3.1 Desktop Review Based on the site Vegetation Management Report prepared by the Department of Natural Resources, Mines and Energy (2018) (refer C.4):

• The regulated vegetation management map shows Category B (remnant vegetation) on site comprising REs 7.1.1 and 7.2.7 (refer Table B-1 for RE descriptions);

• No vegetation management wetlands have been mapped on the site;

• RE7.2.7 on site has been mapped as Essential Habitat for Southern Cassowary (Casuarius casuarius johnsonii (southern population));

• RE7.1.1 on and adjacent to the site has been mapped as Essential Habitat for Estuarine Crocodile (Crocodylus porosus); and

• The site has not been captured by the flora survey trigger map regulated under the NC Act.

Database records and habitat modelling for the region identified several conservation-significant species listed under the NC Act and/or EPBC Act as known, or potentially occurring, in the site vicinity (refer Table B-2 and Table B-3). The following section describes their potential for occurring on the site based on the results of the field survey.

The PMST results also indicate the study site has the potential to support Broad leaf tea-tree (Melaleuca viridiflora) woodlands in high rainfall coastal north Queensland which are listed as Endangered communities under the EPBC Act.

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Yorkeys Knob Boat Ramp Facility – Investigation Report B-4 Terrestrial Ecology

Table B-1 Remnant REs mapped at Yorkeys Knob

RE VMA Class Biodiversity EPBC Description Comments status TEC 7.1.1 Least No concern N/A Mangrove closed scrub to open forest. Sheltered coastlines, Structure and composition varies greatly, concern at present estuaries, and deep swales between dunes, on fine anaerobic depending upon distance from the sea and silts, inundated with saline water at high tide. differential freshwater influence. Important fish nursery areas. Threatened species include: Myrmecodia beccarii (ant plant) and Hypochrysops apollo apollo (apollo jewel butterfly). 7.2.7 Of concern Endangered N/A Casuarina equisetifolia (coast sheoak) +/- Corymbia tessellaris Occurs on the majority of foredunes in the (Moreton Bay ash) open forest +/- groved vine forest shrublands. Wet Tropics. Beach strand and foredune. 7.2.7a: Complex of open shrubland to closed shrubland, grassland, low woodland and open forest. Includes pure stands of Casuarina equisetifolia, and Acacia crassicarpa, Syzygium forte subsp. forte, Calophyllum inophyllum and Pandanus spp. woodland to open forest. Beach strand and foredune.

Table B-2 Potential threatened flora of the Yorkeys Knob study area

Species Common Name NC Act EPBC Act Habitat Acriopsis emarginata Pale chandelier orchid V V Grows on trees in lowland rainforests and swamps. Frequently found on the upper tree trunks and branches of lower canopy of paperbarks, palms and pandanus.

Cajanus mareebensis LC E Occurs in grassy woodlands of Melaleuca-Acacia, Eucalyptus-Callitris and Eucalyptus-Corymbia woodlands on sandy soils derived from granite with a lower horizon of impeded drainage.

Canarium acutifolium V V Almost confined to creek and river banks in lowland rain forest from sea level to 100m.

Cyclophyllum costatum V V Grows in rainforest and complex notophyll vineforest along creeks and rivers from near sea level to altitudes above 1000 m.

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Yorkeys Knob Boat Ramp Facility – Investigation Report B-5 Terrestrial Ecology

Species Common Name NC Act EPBC Act Habitat Dendrobium johannis Chocolate tea tree V V Open humid habitats, on slopes in open woodland, close to swamps and orchid in pockets of monsoon forests. Has been recorded growing on Melaleuca and in semi-evergreen vine thicket. Dendrobium nindii Blue antler orchid E E Grows on mangroves and palms in near-coastal swamps, coastal rainforest, mangroves, and low altitude gorges and streams. Dendrobium mirbelianum Dark-stemmed antler E E Grows mainly on trees in mangroves and coastal swamps in humid orchid locations. Myrmecodia beccarii Ant plant V V Epiphytic on trees in coastal woodlands and mangroves. Phaius australis Lesser Swamp-orchid E E Found in coastal swampy sclerophyll forest dominated by melaleucas +/- rainforest in damp, sandy soils which are not subject to prolonged flooding.

Phaius pictus V V Restricted to rainforests from 0–600 m altitude, and usually occurs in sheltered humid sites close to streams and seepage among forest litter on boulders. Phalaenopsis amabilis Native moth orchid E E Found at altitudes from 200–500 m above sea level in humid rainforest subsp. Rosenstromii close to waterfalls or streams, in deep gorges, sheltered slopes or gullies in notophyll vine thickets, deciduous vine thickets and in open forest.

Polyscias bellendenkerensis V V Recorded at altitudes of 1100 to 1600m in microphyll vine/fern thickets, notophyll vine forest and stunted shrublands on granite substrates.

Toechima pterocarpum E E Recorded in lowland tropical rainforest, often along watercourses, from sea level to 450 m. Tropilis (Dendrobium) Thin feather orchid V V Grows at altitudes of 760–1500 m above sea level, in or close to callitrophilum rainforest. It favours Stringybark Cypress Pine but also grows on various shrubby myrtles.

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Yorkeys Knob Boat Ramp Facility – Investigation Report B-6 Terrestrial Ecology

Table B-3 Potential threatened fauna of the Yorkeys Knob study area

Group Species Common Name NC Act EPBC Act Habitat Amphibians Litoria dayi Australian lace-lid E E Associated with rainforests and rainforest margins. In montane areas the species prefers fast-flowing rocky streams although they also frequent slower watercourses where ample vegetation exists along the margins Amphibians Litoria nannotis Waterfall frog E E Restricted to rocky stream habitats in rainforest or wet sclerophyll forest where there is fast flowing water, waterfalls and cascades Birds Calidris canutus Red knot E E, marine, Intertidal mudflats, sandflats and sandy beaches of sheltered coasts, in migratory estuaries, bays, inlets, lagoons and harbours; sometimes on sandy ocean beaches or shallow pools on exposed wave-cut rock platforms or coral reefs. Occasionally within terrestrial saline wetlands near the coast, such as lakes, lagoons, pools and pans, and recorded on sewage ponds and saltworks, but rarely freshwater swamps. Birds Calidris ferruginea Curlew sandpiper E CE, Intertidal mudflats in sheltered coastal areas, such as estuaries, bays, inlets marine, and lagoons, around non-tidal swamps, lakes and lagoons near the coast, and migratory ponds in saltworks and sewage farms. Occur in both fresh and brackish waters. Birds Calidris tenuirostris Great knot E CE Foraging on intertidal mudflat/sandflat in sheltered coastal areas, exposed reef, rock platform, mangrove, near coastal swamp/lagoon and salt lakes. Roost on sandy beach, mudflat and coastal claypan. Birds Casuarius casuarius Cassowary E E Dense lowland and highland tropical rainforest, closed gallery forest, eucalypt johnsonii (southern forest with vine forest elements, swamp forest and adjacent melaleuca population) swamps, littoral scrub, eucalypt woodland and mangroves. Birds Charadrius Greater sand plover V V Forage on intertidal mudflats, sandbank, sandy/shelly/muddy beaches, rock leschenaultii platforms, coral reefs and tidal lagoons. Roost on sandspit, beach, lagoons edge, rocky points, coastal saltmarsh and claypan. Birds Charadrius mongolus Lesser sand plover E E Forage on sandy beach, intertidal mudflat/sandflat and mangrove mudflat of coastal bays and estuaries. Also inland at lakes and soaks. Roost on beach, banks, sand/shell spits, rocky spits and exposed reef. Birds Cyclopsitta Macleay's fig-parrot V Rainforest, gallery forest and adjacent open forest up to 700m. diophthalma macleayana Birds Erythrotriorchis radiatus Red goshawk E V Coastal and sub-coastal woodlands and forest. Birds Esacus magnirostris Beach stone curlew V na Beaches, islands, reefs, estuaries and edges of mangroves. Forage in the intertidal zone and breed at the backs of beaches, or on sandbanks and

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Yorkeys Knob Boat Ramp Facility – Investigation Report B-7 Terrestrial Ecology

Group Species Common Name NC Act EPBC Act Habitat islands, among low vegetation of grass, scattered shrubs or low trees and open mangroves. Birds Grantiella picta Painted honeyeater V V Eucalypt forest and woodland, Melaleuca / Casuarina/Acacia woodland; uses mature trees with flowering and/or fruiting mistletoe. Nest in eucalypt and mistletoe. Birds Limosa lapponica Bar-tailed godwit V V Forage on large intertidal mudflat/sandflat, banks in estuaries, inlets, bays and coastal lagoons; also saline wetlands, saltmarsh, sandy beach, rock platform and coral reef-flat. Roost on sandy beach/spit and near saltmarsh. Birds Numenius Eastern curlew C CE Foraging on soft, intertidal mudflat, with a preference for broad flats, often in madagascariensis sheltered areas near mangroves and estuaries/creeks, also on sandflats and occasionally ocean near water.beaches, rock platforms and coral reefs. Roost on saltflat, saltmarsh, mangroves, reef flat, sandy spits and grassland Birds Rostratula australis Australian painted- V E Shallow terrestrial freshwater (occasionally brackish) wetlands, including snipe temporary and permanent lakes, swamps and claypans. Birds Tyto novaehollandiae Masked owl V V Riparian forest, rainforest, open forest, Melaleuca swamps and the edges of kimberli (northern) mangroves, as well as along the margins of sugar cane fields Mammals Dasyurus hallucatus Northern quoll na E Occupies a diversity of habitats across its range which includes rocky areas, eucalypt forest and woodlands, rainforests, sandy lowlands and beaches, shrubland, grasslands and desert. Mammals Dasyurus maculatus Spotted-tailed quoll E E Mostly confined to cool, wet upland closed-forests in the upper catchments of gracilis rivers draining east and west of the Eastern Escarpment in the Wet Tropics Mammals Hipposideros semoni Semon's leaf-nosed E V Tropical rainforest, monsoon forest, wet sclerophyll forest and open savannah bat woodland. Daytime roost sites include tree hollows, deserted buildings in rainforest, road culverts and shallow caves amongst granite boulders or in fissures. Mammals Macroderma gigas Ghost bat E V Arid habitats, tropical savanna woodlands and rainforests. During the daytime they roost in caves, rock crevices and old mines. Mammals Mesembriomys gouldii Black-footed tree- na V Mostly occurs in eucalypt forests and woodlands, especially where hollows are rattoides rat (north relatively plentiful. Queensland) Mammals Petauroides volans Greater glider V V Arboreal nocturnal marsupial, largely restricted to eucalypt forests and woodlands. Mammals Phascolarctos cinereus Koala V V Naturally inhabit a range of temperate, sub-tropical and tropical forest, woodland and semi-arid communities dominated by Eucalyptus species.

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Yorkeys Knob Boat Ramp Facility – Investigation Report B-8 Terrestrial Ecology

Group Species Common Name NC Act EPBC Act Habitat Mammals Pteropus conspicillatus Spectacled flying- V V Roosts in the vicinity of rainforest and feeds on rainforest species and fox Eucalyptus spp. in tall open forests adjoining rainforest communities and in tropical woodland and savanna ecosystems. Mammals Rhinolophus robertsi Large-eared E V Found in lowland rainforest, along gallery forest-lined creeks within open horseshoe bat eucalypt forest, Melaleuca forest with rainforest understorey, open savannah woodland and tall riparian woodland of Melaleuca, Forest Red Gum (E. tereticornis) and Moreton Bay Ash (E. tesselaris) Mammals Saccolaimus Bare-rumped E V Occurs mostly in lowland areas, typically in a range of woodland, forest and saccolaimus sheath-tailed bat open environments. nudicluniatus Mammals Xeromys myoides Water mouse V V Mangroves and associated saltmarsh, sedgelands, clay pans, heathlands and freshwater wetlands. Reptiles Crocodylus porosus Saltwater crocodile V Marine, Estuaries and major rivers, billabongs and swamps in dry season; freshwater migratory swamps in wet season; dune swale swamps and dams. Nest sites: vegetated areas (preference for Melaleuca swamp forest) near permanent freshwater; will also use marginal sites (grassy areas near forest edge, mangrove fringe). Reptiles Caretta caretta Loggerhead turtle E E, marine, Nest on open, sandy beaches and forage in open waters migratory Reptiles Chelonia mydas Green turtle V V, marine, Nest on open, sandy beaches and forage in open waters migratory Reptiles Dermochelys coriacea Leatherback turtle E E, marine, Nest on open, sandy beaches and forage in open waters migratory Reptiles Eretmochelys imbricata Hawksbill turtle V V, marine, Nest on open, sandy beaches and forage in open waters migratory Reptiles Lepidochelys olivacea Olive ridley turtle E E, marine, Nest on open, sandy beaches and forage in open waters migratory Reptiles Natator depressus Flatback turtle V V, marine, Nest on open, sandy beaches and forage in open waters migratory

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Yorkeys Knob Boat Ramp Facility – Investigation Report B-9 Terrestrial Ecology

B.3.2 Survey Results

B.3.2.1 Vegetation The study site comprises a range of habitat types including: estuarine wetlands associated with intertidal reaches; foredune communities on coastal sands; and unvegetated beaches. The site is bounded to the west by Half Moon Bay Creek, to the south by previously cleared lands associated with the Half Moon Bay Golf Club, to the north by marine waters associated with Yorkey’s Knob Boating Club, and residential development to the east.

Half Moon Bay Creek and the low-lying intertidal reaches of Ray Howarth Park in the east of the study site support mangrove open forest (RE7.1.1) dominated by Rhizophora stylosa with patches of Avicennia marina, Bruguiera gymnorhiza, Lumnitzera racemosa, Excoecaria agallocha and Acrostichum speciosum. The mangroves are bounded on the landward side by sparse fringing Melaleuca leucadendra. The intertidal reaches of the marina support a discontinuous fringe of mangroves dominated by Lumnitzera racemosa which are bounded on the landward side by patches of saltmarsh dominated by Sporobolus virginicus. Threatened epiphytic ant plants (Myrmecodia beccarii) were recorded in two Rhizophora stylosa at the mouth of Half Moon Bay to the south-west of the proposed car park. Four ant plant colonies were also recorded on a large Melaleuca leucadendra on Buckley Street in the vicinity of the proposed road access.

The sand dune in the north of the study site landward of the intertidal zone supports a foredune complex of RE7.2.7a comprising grassland, shrubland, low woodland and open forest of varying structure and condition. The foreshore and headland (proposed carpark) is dominated by Casuarina equisetifolia averaging 10-12m in height and 60% cover over a sparse lower canopy of Hibiscus tiliaceus, Terminalia muelleri, Terminalia arenicola and Acacia spp. averaging 4-6m in height. The headland is fronted by beach strand vegetation comprising a sparse groundcover of Ipomoea pes-caprae and Cyperus pedunculatus with the weeds Stylosanthes scabra, Cenchrus echinatus, Melinis repens and Ageratum houstonianum.

The landward zone of the foredune complex is dominated by a mixed canopy ranging from 6-10m in height and 10-50% cover. A variable sub-canopy ranging from 2-4m in height and 5-20% and sparse emergents 12- 15m in height also occur at some sites. Dominant trees include Terminalia spp., Planchonia careya, Melaleuca leucadendra, Chionanthus ramiflora, Cocos nucifera cv. domesticated, Hibiscus tiliaceus, Macaranga tanarius, Acacia oraria, Acacia spp., Ficus spp., Alphitonia excelsa, Drypetes deplanchei, Sterculia quadrifida, Canarium australianum, Exocarpos latifolius, Schefflera actinophylla, Calophyllum inophyllum and Brachychiton acerifolius. Dominant shrubs include Tabernaemontana pandacaqui, Alyxia spicata, Caesalpinia bonduc, Dodonaea viscosa, Jasminum simplicifolium var. australiense, Capparis sp. and Lithomyrtus obtusa. The vine Cynanchum viminale is common and the very sparse ground layer is dominated by Imperata cylindrica, Ipomoea pes-caprae and Megathyrsus maximus. The epiphytic fern Pyrrosia longifolia is common and two unidentified epiphytic orchids were recorded adjacent to the mangroves in the east of the dune complex.

Weeds were widespread throughout the foredune complex. Dominant species included: Cocos nucifera cv. domesticated, Catharanthus roseus, Lantana camara, Passiflora spp., Megathyrsus maximus, Mesosphaerum suaveolens, Stachytarpheta spp., Melinis repens, Cenchrus echinatus, Ageratum houstonianum and Leucaena leucocephala.

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Yorkeys Knob Boat Ramp Facility – Investigation Report B-10 Terrestrial Ecology

The PMST results indicate the study site has the potential to support Broad leaf tea-tree (Melaleuca viridiflora) woodlands in high rainfall coastal north Queensland which are listed as Endangered communities under the EPBC Act. No vegetation communities conforming to this type were recorded in the study site.

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Yorkeys Knob Boat Ramp Facility – Investigation Report B-11 Terrestrial Ecology

Ant Plants

Epiphytic Orchids

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Yorkeys Knob Boat Ramp Facility – Investigation Report B-12 Terrestrial Ecology

Estuarine Wetlands

Figure B-1 Yorkeys Knob study area vegetation

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Yorkeys Knob Boat Ramp Facility – Investigation Report B-13 Terrestrial Ecology

Foredune Complex

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Yorkeys Knob Boat Ramp Facility – Investigation Report B-14 Terrestrial Ecology

Figure B-2 Yorkeys Knob study area habitat

B.3.2.2 Fauna Habitat The fauna values and potential habitat features of the study site are summarised in Table B-4 and Table B-5. Some of the more significant fauna habitat observations include:

• Terrestrial habitats in order of dominance include: estuarine wetlands; foredune complex and beach.

• There was high habitat complexity across the study site i.e. prevalence of logs, leaf litter, dense vegetation, marine waters.

• Birds are expected to be the dominant vertebrate group present whilst the number of mammals is expected to be low. Reptile numbers and diversity are also expected to be low due to the poor habitat quality for this fauna group. Common frog species tolerant of disturbed conditions may occur but estuarine wetlands provide poor habitat for this group.

• Estuarine wetlands provided potential habitat for Crocodile.

• The foredune complex provides potential habitat for arboreal mammals and birds.

• Beach habitat provides potential habitat for migratory waders and marine turtles.

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Yorkeys Knob Boat Ramp Facility – Investigation Report B-15 Terrestrial Ecology

Table B-4 Potential threatened fauna of the Yorkeys Knob study area

Group Species NC Act EPBC Act Habitat Potential to occur in study are Amphibians Litoria dayi E E Associated with rainforests and rainforest margins. Very low due to lack of habitat In montane areas the species prefers fast-flowing rocky streams although they also frequent slower watercourses where ample vegetation exists along the margins Amphibians Litoria nannotis E E Restricted to rocky stream habitats in rainforest or Very low due to lack of habitat wet sclerophyll forest where there is fast flowing water, waterfalls and cascades Birds Calidris canutus E E, marine, migratory Intertidal mudflats, sandflats and sandy beaches High potential to occur in of sheltered coasts, in estuaries, bays, inlets, estuarine wetlands and beach lagoons and harbours; sometimes on sandy ocean beaches or shallow pools on exposed wave-cut rock platforms or coral reefs. Occasionally within terrestrial saline wetlands near the coast, such as lakes, lagoons, pools and pans, and recorded on sewage ponds and saltworks, but rarely freshwater swamps. Birds Calidris ferruginea E CE, marine, migratory Intertidal mudflats in sheltered coastal areas, such High potential to occur in as estuaries, bays, inlets and lagoons, around estuarine wetlands and beach non-tidal swamps, lakes and lagoons near the coast, and ponds in saltworks and sewage farms. Occur in both fresh and brackish waters. Birds Calidris tenuirostris E CE Foraging on intertidal mudflat/sandflat in sheltered High potential to occur in coastal areas, exposed reef, rock platform, estuarine wetlands and beach mangrove, near coastal swamp/lagoon and salt lakes. Roost on sandy beach, mudflat and coastal claypan. Birds Casuarius casuarius E E Dense lowland and highland tropical rainforest, Very low due to lack of high johnsonii (southern closed gallery forest, eucalypt forest with vine quality habitat population) forest elements, swamp forest and adjacent melaleuca swamps, littoral scrub, eucalypt woodland and mangroves. Birds Charadrius V V Forage on intertidal mudflats, sandbank, High potential to occur in leschenaultii sandy/shelly/muddy beaches, rock platforms, coral estuarine wetlands and beach reefs and tidal lagoons. Roost on sandspit, beach,

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Yorkeys Knob Boat Ramp Facility – Investigation Report B-16 Terrestrial Ecology

Group Species NC Act EPBC Act Habitat Potential to occur in study are lagoons edge, rocky points, coastal saltmarsh and claypan. Birds Charadrius mongolus E E Forage on sandy beach, intertidal mudflat/sandflat High potential to occur in and mangrove mudflat of coastal bays and estuarine wetlands and beach estuaries. Also inland at lakes and soaks. Roost on beach, banks, sand/shell spits, rocky spits and exposed reef. Birds Cyclopsitta diophthalma V Rainforest, gallery forest and adjacent open forest Low due to lack of high quality macleayana up to 700m. habitat Birds Erythrotriorchis radiatus E V Coastal and sub-coastal woodlands and forest. May occasionally use the site but does not provide high quality habitat for the species Birds Esacus magnirostris V N/A Beaches, islands, reefs, estuaries and edges of High potential to occur in mangroves. Forage in the intertidal zone and estuarine wetlands, foredune breed at the backs of beaches, or on sandbanks complex and beach and islands, among low vegetation of grass, scattered shrubs or low trees and open mangroves. Birds Grantiella picta V V Eucalypt forest and woodland, Melaleuca / May occasionally use the site but Casuarina/Acacia woodland; uses mature trees does not provide high quality with flowering and/or fruiting mistletoe. Nest in habitat for the species eucalypt and mistletoe. Birds Limosa lapponica V V Forage on large intertidal mudflat/sandflat, banks High potential to occur in in estuaries, inlets, bays and coastal lagoons; also estuarine wetlands and beach saline wetlands, saltmarsh, sandy beach, rock platform and coral reef-flat. Roost on sandy beach/spit and near saltmarsh. Birds Numenius C CE Foraging on soft, intertidal mudflat, with a High potential to occur in madagascariensis preference for broad flats, often in sheltered areas estuarine wetlands and beach near mangroves and estuaries/creeks, also on sandflats and occasionally ocean near water.beaches, rock platforms and coral reefs. Roost on saltflat, saltmarsh, mangroves, reef flat, sandy spits and grassland

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Yorkeys Knob Boat Ramp Facility – Investigation Report B-17 Terrestrial Ecology

Group Species NC Act EPBC Act Habitat Potential to occur in study are Birds Rostratula australis V E Shallow terrestrial freshwater (occasionally Low due to lack of high quality brackish) wetlands, including temporary and habitat permanent lakes, swamps and claypans. Birds Tyto novaehollandiae V V Riparian forest, rainforest, open forest, Melaleuca May occasionally use the site but kimberli swamps and the edges of mangroves, as well as does not provide high quality along the margins of sugar cane fields habitat for the species Mammals Dasyurus hallucatus LC E Occupies a diversity of habitats across its range May occasionally use the site but which includes rocky areas, eucalypt forest and does not provide high quality woodlands, rainforests, sandy lowlands and habitat for the species beaches, shrubland, grasslands and desert. Mammals Dasyurus maculatus E E Mostly confined to cool, wet upland closed-forests Very low due to lack of habitat gracilis in the upper catchments of rivers draining east and west of the Eastern Escarpment in the Wet Tropics Mammals Hipposideros semoni E V Tropical rainforest, monsoon forest, wet May occasionally use the site but sclerophyll forest and open savannah woodland. does not provide high quality Daytime roost sites include tree hollows, deserted habitat for the species buildings in rainforest, road culverts and shallow caves amongst granite boulders or in fissures. Mammals Macroderma gigas E V Arid habitats, tropical savanna woodlands and May occasionally use the site but rainforests. During the daytime they roost in does not provide high quality caves, rock crevices and old mines. habitat for the species Mammals Mesembriomys gouldii LC V Mostly occurs in eucalypt forests and woodlands, May occasionally use the site but rattoides especially where hollows are relatively plentiful. does not provide high quality habitat for the species Mammals Petauroides volans V V Arboreal nocturnal marsupial, largely restricted to Very low due to lack of high eucalypt forests and woodlands. quality habitat Mammals Phascolarctos cinereus V V Naturally inhabit a range of temperate, sub- Very low due to lack of high tropical and tropical forest, woodland and semi- quality habitat arid communities dominated by Eucalyptus species. Mammals Pteropus conspicillatus V V Roosts in the vicinity of rainforest and feeds on May occasionally use the site but rainforest species and Eucalyptus spp. in tall open does not provide high quality forests adjoining rainforest communities and in habitat for the species tropical woodland and savanna ecosystems.

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Yorkeys Knob Boat Ramp Facility – Investigation Report B-18 Terrestrial Ecology

Group Species NC Act EPBC Act Habitat Potential to occur in study are Known to occur to southwest in Ray Howarth Park Mammals Rhinolophus robertsi E V Found in lowland rainforest, along gallery forest- May occasionally use the site but lined creeks within open eucalypt forest, does not provide high quality Melaleuca forest with rainforest understorey, open habitat for the species savannah woodland and tall riparian woodland of Melaleuca, Forest Red Gum (E. tereticornis) and Moreton Bay Ash (E. tessellaris) Mammals Saccolaimus E V Occurs mostly in lowland areas, typically in a May occasionally use the site but saccolaimus range of woodland, forest and open environments. does not provide high quality nudicluniatus habitat for the species Mammals Xeromys myoides V V Mangroves and associated saltmarsh, Some potential to occur in sedgelands, clay pans, heathlands and freshwater estuarine wetlands and beach wetlands. Reptiles Crocodylus porosus V Marine, migratory Estuaries and major rivers, billabongs and High potential to occur in swamps in dry season; freshwater swamps in wet estuarine wetlands and beach season; dune swale swamps and dams. Nest sites: vegetated areas (preference for Melaleuca swamp forest) near permanent freshwater; will also use marginal sites (grassy areas near forest edge, mangrove fringe). Reptiles Caretta caretta E E, marine, migratory Nest on open, sandy beaches and forage in open High potential to occur in waters estuarine wetlands and beach Reptiles Chelonia mydas V V, marine, migratory Nest on open, sandy beaches and forage in open High potential to occur in waters estuarine wetlands and beach Reptiles Dermochelys coriacea E E, marine, migratory Nest on open, sandy beaches and forage in open High potential to occur in waters estuarine wetlands and beach Reptiles Egernia rugosa V V Open dry sclerophyll forest, woodland and scrub Very low due to lack of high quality habitat Reptiles Eretmochelys imbricata V V, marine, migratory Nest on open, sandy beaches and forage in open High potential to occur in waters estuarine wetlands and beach Reptiles Lepidochelys olivacea E E, marine, migratory Nest on open, sandy beaches and forage in open High potential to occur in waters estuarine wetlands and beach

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Yorkeys Knob Boat Ramp Facility – Investigation Report B-19 Terrestrial Ecology

Group Species NC Act EPBC Act Habitat Potential to occur in study are Reptiles Natator depressus V V, marine, migratory Nest on open, sandy beaches and forage in open High potential to occur in waters estuarine wetlands and beach

Table B-5 Summary fauna habitat features and values

Habitat Broad description Fauna habitat features Potential fauna values Estuarine Dense and extensive • Intertidal flats Provides potential feeding and roosting habitat for a wide variety of migratory and woodland wetlands mangrove systems to • Small hollows dependant birds and arboreal mammals. Probable habitat for estuarine crocodile. Possible sparse littoral fringe habitat for water mouse. • bounded by Small to large logs saltmarsh patches on • Fleshy fruiting plants the landward side • Nectar / pollen and intertidal flats on the marine side.

Foredune Grassland, • Dense tree/shrub/grass Provides potential habitat for arboreal mammals and a wide variety of woodland dependant complex shrubland, low cover bird species. Possible habitat for beach stone curlew. woodland and open • Fleshy fruiting plants forest of varying • condition. Sparse small hollows • Sparse logs

Beach Open beach at mouth • Dense grass cover Possible habitat for range of migratory waders, beach stone curlew, water mouse and marine of Half Moon Bay • Sparse fleshy fruiting turtles. Creek plants

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Yorkeys Knob Boat Ramp Facility – Investigation Report B-20 Terrestrial Ecology

B.4 Potential Impacts and Management Recommendations The following section describes potential impacts on terrestrial ecology MNES and MSES associated with the proposal. Recommendations have been made to manage potential construction impacts associated with clearing and longer-term operation impacts associated with noise, lighting, water quality, pests and fauna movement.

B.4.1 Matters of National Environmental Significance Based on the results of the desktop review and habitat survey, the following conservation-significant species protected under the EPBC Act are known, or considered to have the potential, to occur:

• The ant plant (Myrmecodia beccarii), listed as Vulnerable under the EPBC Act, has been recorded at two locations within the study site.

• A threatened orchid may occur on site and requires further work to confirm species.

• Estuarine wetlands and beaches are likely to provide nesting, roosting and foraging resources for bird species listed as migratory and/or marine.

• Estuarine wetlands and beaches are highly likely to provide habitat for the saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) (listed as marine/migratory).

• Estuarine wetlands and beaches may provide habitat for the water mouse (Xeromys myoides) (listed as Vulnerable).

Given the limited extent of habitat disturbance required for the proposal in the context of the wider region, significant impacts to MNES are considered unlikely. However, further work may be required to quantify the occurrence of MNES within the footprint and to assess operation impacts on disturbance-sensitive fauna, particularly migratory waders.

B.4.2 Matters of State Environmental Significance MSES relevant to the study site include the following:

• The study site supports Category B Regulated Vegetation (Remnant) and Category R Regulated Vegetation (Reef Regrowth Watercourse). Design and construction activities should aim to reduce any impacts on regulated vegetation;

• The study site supports marine plants protected under the Fisheries Act 1994. Design and construction activities should aim to reduce any impacts on marine plants;

• The following threatened species protected under the Nature Conservation Act 1992 are known, or considered to have high potential, to occur within the study site:

○ The ant plant (Myrmecodia beccarii), listed as Vulnerable under the NC Act, has been recorded at two locations within the study site;

○ A threatened orchid may occur on site and requires further work to confirm species;

○ The estuarine habitats and beaches may provide nesting, roosting and foraging resources for threatened wader species and the beach stone curlew;

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Yorkeys Knob Boat Ramp Facility – Investigation Report B-21 Terrestrial Ecology

○ Estuarine wetlands and beaches are highly likely to provide habitat for the saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) (listed as Vulnerable); and

○ Estuarine wetlands and beaches may provide habitat for the water mouse (Xeromys myoides) (listed as Vulnerable).

Given the limited extent of habitat disturbance required for the proposal in the context of the wider region, significant impacts to MSES are considered unlikely. However, further work may be required to quantify the occurrence of MSES within the footprint to address necessary approvals, permits and offsets under the NC Act and to assess operation impacts on disturbance-sensitive fauna, particularly migratory waders and beach- stone curlew.

B.4.3 Construction Impacts Indirect effects of construction include impacts to water quality (contaminated spills, acid sulphate soils (ASS) and increased sedimentation), introduction of weeds and pests, increased levels of noise exposure to wildlife and vehicle strike.

Construction activities may have indirect impacts on the aquatic ecology of the site and downstream waterways as a result of vegetation clearance, earthworks, exposure of acid sulphate soils, contaminated runoff and increased stormwater runoff. Construction runoff could impact on downstream aquatic habitats, increase nutrient and contaminant loading and alter the composition of aquatic communities. Given the proximity of the GBR, water quality management measures will need to be carefully detailed under a site-specific Construction Environmental Management Plan (EMP).

Construction activities also have the potential to introduce and spread weeds as a result of ground disturbance and introduction from construction vehicles and materials. Annona glabra (pond apple), a restricted invasive plant under the Biosecurity Act 2014 and a Weed of National Significance, has the potential to spread across estuarine habitats of the study site and will be a high priority for biosecurity management during construction.

Construction plant and vehicle movements would temporarily increase noise and air pollution in the footprint and surrounds. Appropriate management of biodiversity values and fauna handling guidelines will need to be detailed in a Flora and Fauna Management Plan as part of the Construction EMP. Biosecurity management should be detailed in a Pest Management Plan.

In summary, the following management measures may need to be implemented to ensure that potential construction impacts on biodiversity values of the footprint and surrounds are temporary, minimised and contained to the immediate area of works:

• Pre-clearance targeted threatened species surveys;

• Baseline water quality and terrestrial and aquatic habitat condition assessments for monitoring purposes;

• Preparation of Species Management Program\s, if required, if impacts on breeding places of EVNT will occur;

• Offset planning in accordance with the offset frameworks of the EPBC Act and Environmental Offsets Act 2014, and associated policies, in the event a significant impact on an environmental matter will occur;

• Preparation of a site-specific Construction EMP providing the following:

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Yorkeys Knob Boat Ramp Facility – Investigation Report B-22 Terrestrial Ecology

○ Details of pre-construction and post-construction monitoring program addressing water quality, acid sulphate soils, soils and erosion, weeds and pests, habitat condition;

○ Water Quality Management Plan addressing stormwater quality, ASS, management of fuel, chemicals and wastewater, emergency response to environmental incidents and water quality monitoring;

○ Flora and Fauna Management Plan addressing vegetation and fauna habitat exclusion zones, clearance approvals, induction program, fauna handling guidelines;

○ Pest Management Plan addressing priority biosecurity matters; and

○ Habitat Rehabilitation Plan providing details of vegetation and habitat restoration consistent with pre- disturbance conditions.

B.4.4 Operation Impacts Potential operation impacts on fauna associated with noise, lighting and fauna movement will need to be considered during detailed design of the facility. Sensitive taxa may include breeding crocodiles and roosting and foraging birds. Pest management targeting high priority biosecurity issues, such as pond apple, will also be an ongoing management issue.

The following management measures may need to be implemented to ensure that potential operation impacts on biodiversity values can be minimised and contained to the immediate footprint:

Preparation of a site-specific Operations EMP to address the following:

• Post-construction monitoring program for water quality, acid sulphate soils, habitat condition, sensitive taxa, weeds and pests;

• Water Quality Management Plan addressing stormwater quality, management of fuel, chemicals and wastewater, emergency response to environmental incidents and water quality monitoring;

• Flora and Fauna Management Plan addressing vegetation and fauna habitat protection zones and fauna handling guidelines;

• Species Management Program\s, if required, for fauna sensitive to operation activities such as noise and light impacts; and

• Pest Management Plan addressing high priority biosecurity risks such as pond apple.

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Yorkeys Knob Boat Ramp Facility – Investigation Report C-1 Numerical Modelling

Appendix C Numerical Modelling C.1 Numerical Model Description The numerical models developed to assess the performance of the concept layout against specific criteria are described below.

C.1.1 Digital Elevation Model Bathymetry for the numerical models has been derived from the following sources in descending priority:

• Bathymetry collected by BMT in November 2018;

• Barron River Delta Survey Conducted on in August 2016;

• Hydrographic surveys of the Port of Cairns, Cairns shipping channel and DMPA provided by Ports North;

• Australian Hydrographic Service Navigation Chart AUS264 (Cairns Southern Street);

• Australian Hydrographic Service Navigation Chart AUS263 (Cairns Northern Sheet);

• Australian Hydrographic Service Navigation Chart AUS262 (Approaches to Cairns); and

• James Cook University Project 3DGBR.

C.1.2 Boundary Condition Dataset To provide suitable boundary conditions during a hindcast period, several datasets were acquired from global models. The different boundary condition datasets with models of different regional scales were compared to determine the optimal combination of boundary conditions and models.

Regional models were driven by predicted tidal water levels sourced from Oregon State University (OSU) Topex/Poseidon global tidal inversion model harmonic analysis. The atmospheric data was sourced from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2) global model. Wind and mean-sea-level-pressure were extracted for the entire domain.

Local models extending approximately 1 km offshore from the development site were driven by recorded data, including tides from the Cairns Harbour gauge and wave from the Cairns Waverider buoy (data provided DES). The atmospheric data (wind and atmospheric pressure) was sourced from the Bureau of Meteorology wind recording stations Cairns Aero (031011) and Low Isles Lighthouse (031037).

C.1.3 Wave Models A wave modelling system has been established to investigate the design waves within Half Moon Bay and at the development site. This used the industry standard Simulating Waves Nearshore (SWAN) wave modelling software, simulating the broad-scale wave environment from off the continental shelf to inside the GBR lagoon.

SWAN (Delft University of Technology, 2006) is a third-generation spectral wave model, which can simulate the generation of waves by wind, dissipation by white-capping, depth-induced wave breaking, bottom friction and wave-wave interactions in both deep and shallow water. SWAN simulates wave/swell propagation in two- dimensions, including shoaling and refraction due to spatial variations in bathymetry and currents.

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Yorkeys Knob Boat Ramp Facility – Investigation Report C-2 Numerical Modelling

A regional model that extended beyond the continental shelf was forced with CFSv2 winds at 0.5° resolution. Four nests of increasing resolution from 500 m to 25 m were used to resolve waves closer to the area of interest. The system of nested wave models is shown in Figure C-1.

C.1.4 Hydrodynamic & Siltation Modelling BMT’s in house TUFLOW FV modelling software has been used to simulate the hydrodynamics (fully coupled with the wave model) and the associated sediment transport. TUFLOW FV is a numerical hydrodynamic for the Non-Linear Shallow Water Equations (NLSWE), suitable for modelling a wide range of hydrodynamic systems of different scales. The Finite-Volume (FV) numerical scheme applied by TUFLOW FV can solve the NLSWE on structured rectilinear grids and unstructured meshes extending form high resolution areas of interest, to lower resolution in the far field without requiring domain nesting. Further details regarding the numerical scheme employed by TUFLOW FV are provided in the TUFLOW FV Science Manual.

Figure C-2 and Figure C-3 shows the TUFLOW FV domain and details of the mesh near the development site. The resolution ranges from ~30 m along the offshore boundary to ~10 m in the immediate area of interest with 9,363 2D cells over the entire domain.

The hydrodynamic model has been configured with forcing from tides, atmospheric wind and pressure. These inputs have been collected from the output of global models developed by third-parties. Outputs from the SWAN wave models were also used to force the hydrodynamic and sediment models.

The sediment transport model was configured with both a sand-sized and silt-sized sediment fractions to represent the bi-modal sediment characteristics observed at the site (informed by the available PSD datasets). The distribution of sediments throughout the model domain was “warmed up” prior to undertaking the siltation assessment simulations.

C.2 Model Calibration Metocean data collection was undertaken at the development site between 8th November 2018 and 5th December 2018. Field collection equipment used for this included:

• RDI Workhorse Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) deployed offshore of Yorkeys Knob to measure water level, currents through the water column and waves;

• Tide recorders (pressure transducers) at three locations within Half Moon Creek; and

• A boat-mounted ADCP operated on the 7th December 2018.

The regional wave model was calibrated to Cairns Waverider Buoy data over a 10 year hindcast period (2007 – 2018) to the significant wave height (entire data record), wave peak period (entire data record) and direction (from 2016). A subset of the timeseries comparison is shown in Figure C-4.

The local wave model was calibrated to data recorded by the ADCP over the 8th November 2018 to 5th December 2018 targeted data collection period. The timeseries comparison is shown in Figure C-5.

The TUFLOW FV model calibrated to the fixed-location location tide recorder (water level, see Figure C-6) and ADCP (water level and currents) datasets. The boat-mounted ADCP data was also used to verify the instantaneous flow and current measurements (see Figure C-8 to Figure C-15).

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Yorkeys Knob Boat Ramp Facility – Investigation Report C-6 Numerical Modelling

Figure C-4 Regional Wave Model (blue line) Validation at Cairns Waverider Buoy in late 2016 (orange symbol)

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Yorkeys Knob Boat Ramp Facility – Investigation Report C-7 Numerical Modelling

Figure C-5 Local Wave Model (blue line) Validation at Offshore ADCP Location (orange symbol)

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Yorkeys Knob Boat Ramp Facility – Investigation Report C-8 Numerical Modelling

Figure C-6 Water Level (mAHD) Comparison at the Tide Recorder Locations

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Yorkeys Knob Boat Ramp Facility – Investigation Report C-9 Numerical Modelling

Figure C-7 Water Level and Current Comparison at the Offshore ADCP location

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Yorkeys Knob Boat Ramp Facility – Investigation Report C-10 Numerical Modelling

Figure C-8 ADCP Transect 1 Model Validation

Figure C-9 ADCP Transect 2 Model Validation

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Yorkeys Knob Boat Ramp Facility – Investigation Report C-11 Numerical Modelling

Figure C-10 ADCP Transect 3 Model Validation

Figure C-11 ADCP Transect 4 Model Validation

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Yorkeys Knob Boat Ramp Facility – Investigation Report C-12 Numerical Modelling

Figure C-12 ADCP Transect 5 Model Validation

Figure C-13 ADCP Transect 6 Model Validation

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Yorkeys Knob Boat Ramp Facility – Investigation Report C-13 Numerical Modelling

Figure C-14 ADCP Transect 7 Model Validation

Figure C-15 ADCP Transect 8 Model Validation

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Yorkeys Knob Boat Ramp Facility – Investigation Report C-14 Numerical Modelling

C.3 Impact Assessment Timeseries Plots Comparisons of the current magnitude and water level timeseries for the base and developed case scenarios at the six point locations indicated in Figure C-3 are provided below:

• Current magnitude 1-yr ARI (Figure C-16);

• Water level 1-yr ARI (Figure C-17);

• Current magnitude 50-yr ARI (Figure C-18); and

• Water level 50-yr ARI (Figure C-19).

These plots indicate negligible impacts at all locations except for the proposed ‘boat ramp’ location that is within the development footprint.

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Yorkeys Knob Boat Ramp Facility – Investigation Report C-15 Numerical Modelling

Figure C-16 Current Magnitude (m/s) Timeseries for Base Case (blue) and Developed Case: 1-yr ARI

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Yorkeys Knob Boat Ramp Facility – Investigation Report C-16 Numerical Modelling

Figure C-17 Water Level (mAHD) Timeseries for Base Case (blue) and Developed Case: 1-yr ARI

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Yorkeys Knob Boat Ramp Facility – Investigation Report C-17 Numerical Modelling

Figure C-18 Current Magnitude (m/s) Timeseries for Base Case (blue) and Developed Case: 50-yr ARI

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Yorkeys Knob Boat Ramp Facility – Investigation Report C-18 Numerical Modelling

Figure C-19 Water Level (mAHD) Timeseries for Base Case (blue) and Developed Case: 50-yr ARI

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Yorkeys Knob Boat Ramp Facility – Investigation Report C-19 Numerical Modelling

C.4 Flood Model Updates

C.4.1 General BMT has developed a new TUFLOW HPC two-dimensional flood model of the Barron River delta based on Council’s MIKE21 flood model to allow fast run times to enable multiple event scenarios to be tested efficiently. This model is based on Cairns Regional Council’s current flood model, the Barron River Delta Flood Model, developed by Connell Wagner in August 2007, which utilises the MIKE21 modelling system. A similar TUFLOW model had previously been developed by BMT for the AQUIS and Cairns Shipping Development projects, with that modelling approach and results accepted by Council and the State Government.

In creating the TUFLOW model, the adopted approach was to firstly convert the MIKE21 flood model as practically as possible, considering the differences in model data handling, to TUFLOW and verify the TUFLOW model to the MIKE21 design flood event levels. Once a reasonable verification to peak flood levels was achieved, the TUFLOW model was modified to represent the subject site based on present day conditions. This primarily involved updates to the Half Moon Creek entrance.

C.4.2 Model Set-up All boundary files for the TUFLOW model, including inflow hydrographs and tailwater conditions were obtained directly from Council’s MIKE21 flood model. Council currently assesses new development applications in the delta using the MIKE21 model, hence, the boundaries adopted for the site are consistent with that approach.

Other information obtained from Council’s approved flood model include:

• Roughness Map/parameters;

• Structure details for bridges and culverts; and

• Topography.

C.4.3 Model Calibration To convert the MIKE21 model the following methodology was adopted.

Topography and Bathymetry

The MIKE21 bathymetry grid, which includes bathymetric data of Richters Creek and the Barron River, was directly exported in ASCII format for use within TUFLOW. For the verification process, no changes were made to the topography to allow direct comparisons with the MIKE21 model.

Roughness Parameters

Roughness parameters were directly exported from the MIKE21 model and converted to polygons for use within TUFLOW. The roughness values used within TUFLOW were on the whole the same as those used in the MIKE21 model. Some minor changes to roughness were made to improve the model verification (an increase from 0.125 to 0.15 in the cane area south of the Barron River) however the values remain within expected bounds for the land use of cane land where the changes were adopted.

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Yorkeys Knob Boat Ramp Facility – Investigation Report C-20 Numerical Modelling

Boundary Conditions

All boundary files for the TUFLOW model, including external and point source inflow hydrographs and tailwater conditions were obtained directly from Council’s MIKE21 flood model. Council’s high tailwater case (HAT + 300mm sea level rise) was adopted for verification and assessment.

As per the MIKE21 model, the tailwater condition has been applied as a constant level.

Structures

To model culvert and bridge structures, the MIKE21 model uses a level/area relationship embedded within the 2D solution. To model hydraulic structures within the TUFLOW model, a combination of 1D representation and layered flow constriction methods were adopted. Where possible, Council records and design drawings were used to identify structure dimensions otherwise the structure parameters from the MIKE21 model were adopted for the TUFLOW model.

Verification

The TUFLOW model was verified against the MIKE21 model for the ARI 100-year flood and checked against more frequent flood events for consistency.

The TUFLOW model results show a good correlation when compared to the MIKE21 model.

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Yorkeys Knob Boat Ramp Facility – Investigation Report D-1 Database Search Results

Appendix D Database Search Results

G:\Admin\B23406.g.mpb.TMR_Yorkeys&Newell\R.B23406.002.03.Yorkeys.docx

EPBC Act Protected Matters Report

This report provides general guidance on matters of national environmental significance and other matters protected by the EPBC Act in the area you have selected.

Information on the coverage of this report and qualifications on data supporting this report are contained in the caveat at the end of the report.

Information is available about Environment Assessments and the EPBC Act including significance guidelines, forms and application process details.

Report created: 03/09/18 12:23:54

Summary Details Matters of NES Other Matters Protected by the EPBC Act Extra Information Caveat Acknowledgements

This map may contain data which are ©Commonwealth of Australia (Geoscience Australia), ©PSMA 2010

Coordinates Buffer: 2.0Km Summary

Matters of National Environmental Significance

This part of the report summarises the matters of national environmental significance that may occur in, or may relate to, the area you nominated. Further information is available in the detail part of the report, which can be accessed by scrolling or following the links below. If you are proposing to undertake an activity that may have a significant impact on one or more matters of national environmental significance then you should consider the Administrative Guidelines on Significance.

World Heritage Properties: 1 National Heritage Places: 1 Wetlands of International Importance: None Great Barrier Reef Marine Park: None Commonwealth Marine Area: None Listed Threatened Ecological Communities: 1 Listed Threatened Species: 41 Listed Migratory Species: 45

Other Matters Protected by the EPBC Act

This part of the report summarises other matters protected under the Act that may relate to the area you nominated. Approval may be required for a proposed activity that significantly affects the environment on Commonwealth land, when the action is outside the Commonwealth land, or the environment anywhere when the action is taken on Commonwealth land. Approval may also be required for the Commonwealth or Commonwealth agencies proposing to take an action that is likely to have a significant impact on the environment anywhere.

The EPBC Act protects the environment on Commonwealth land, the environment from the actions taken on Commonwealth land, and the environment from actions taken by Commonwealth agencies. As heritage values of a place are part of the 'environment', these aspects of the EPBC Act protect the Commonwealth Heritage values of a Commonwealth Heritage place. Information on the new heritage laws can be found at http://www.environment.gov.au/heritage

A permit may be required for activities in or on a Commonwealth area that may affect a member of a listed threatened species or ecological community, a member of a listed migratory species, whales and other cetaceans, or a member of a listed marine species.

Commonwealth Land: None Commonwealth Heritage Places: None Listed Marine Species: 96 Whales and Other Cetaceans: 12 Critical Habitats: None Commonwealth Reserves Terrestrial: None Australian Marine Parks: None

Extra Information

This part of the report provides information that may also be relevant to the area you have nominated.

State and Territory Reserves: None Regional Forest Agreements: None Invasive Species: 28 Nationally Important Wetlands: None Key Ecological Features (Marine) None Details

Matters of National Environmental Significance World Heritage Properties [ Resource Information ] Name State Status Great Barrier Reef QLD Declared property

National Heritage Properties [ Resource Information ] Name State Status Natural Great Barrier Reef QLD Listed place

Listed Threatened Ecological Communities [ Resource Information ] For threatened ecological communities where the distribution is well known, maps are derived from recovery plans, State vegetation maps, remote sensing imagery and other sources. Where threatened ecological community distributions are less well known, existing vegetation maps and point location data are used to produce indicative distribution maps. Name Status Type of Presence Broad leaf tea-tree (Melaleuca viridiflora) woodlands in Endangered Community may occur high rainfall coastal north Queensland within area

Listed Threatened Species [ Resource Information ] Name Status Type of Presence Birds Calidris canutus Red Knot, Knot [855] Endangered Species or species habitat known to occur within area

Calidris ferruginea Curlew Sandpiper [856] Critically Endangered Species or species habitat known to occur within area

Casuarius casuarius johnsonii Southern Cassowary, Australian Cassowary, Double- Endangered Species or species habitat wattled Cassowary [25986] known to occur within area

Erythrotriorchis radiatus Red Goshawk [942] Vulnerable Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Fregetta grallaria grallaria White-bellied Storm-Petrel (Tasman Sea), White- Vulnerable Species or species habitat bellied Storm-Petrel (Australasian) [64438] likely to occur within area

Limosa lapponica baueri Bar-tailed Godwit (baueri), Western Alaskan Bar-tailed Vulnerable Species or species habitat Godwit [86380] known to occur within area

Limosa lapponica menzbieri Northern Siberian Bar-tailed Godwit, Bar-tailed Godwit Critically Endangered Species or species habitat (menzbieri) [86432] may occur within area

Numenius madagascariensis Eastern Curlew, Far Eastern Curlew [847] Critically Endangered Species or species habitat known to occur within area

Rostratula australis Australian Painted-snipe, Australian Painted Snipe Endangered Species or species habitat [77037] may occur within area Name Status Type of Presence Tyto novaehollandiae kimberli Masked Owl (northern) [26048] Vulnerable Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Frogs Litoria dayi Australian Lace-lid, Lace-eyed Tree Frog, Day's Big- Endangered Species or species habitat eyed Treefrog [86707] likely to occur within area

Litoria nannotis Waterfall Frog, Torrent Tree Frog [1817] Endangered Species or species habitat may occur within area

Litoria rheocola Common Mistfrog [1802] Endangered Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Mammals Balaenoptera musculus Blue Whale [36] Endangered Species or species habitat may occur within area

Dasyurus hallucatus Northern Quoll, Digul [Gogo-Yimidir], Wijingadda Endangered Species or species habitat [Dambimangari], Wiminji [Martu] [331] likely to occur within area

Dasyurus maculatus gracilis Spotted-tailed Quoll (North Queensland), Yarri Endangered Species or species habitat [64475] may occur within area

Hipposideros semoni Semon's Leaf-nosed Bat, Greater Wart-nosed Vulnerable Species or species habitat Horseshoe-bat [180] may occur within area

Macroderma gigas Ghost Bat [174] Vulnerable Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Megaptera novaeangliae Humpback Whale [38] Vulnerable Species or species habitat known to occur within area

Mesembriomys gouldii rattoides Black-footed Tree-rat (north Queensland), Shaggy Vulnerable Species or species habitat Rabbit-rat [87620] may occur within area

Petauroides volans Greater Glider [254] Vulnerable Species or species habitat may occur within area

Phascolarctos cinereus (combined populations of Qld, NSW and the ACT) Koala (combined populations of Queensland, New Vulnerable Species or species habitat South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory) may occur within area [85104] Pteropus conspicillatus Spectacled Flying-fox [185] Vulnerable Species or species habitat known to occur within area

Rhinolophus robertsi Large-eared Horseshoe Bat, Greater Large-eared Vulnerable Species or species habitat Horseshoe Bat [87639] likely to occur within area

Saccolaimus saccolaimus nudicluniatus Bare-rumped Sheath-tailed Bat, Bare-rumped Vulnerable Species or species habitat Sheathtail Bat [66889] likely to occur within area

Xeromys myoides Water Mouse, False Water Rat, Yirrkoo [66] Vulnerable Species or species habitat may occur within area

Plants Canarium acutifolium [23956] Vulnerable Species or species Name Status Type of Presence habitat may occur within area Myrmecodia beccarii Ant Plant [11852] Vulnerable Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Phaius australis Lesser Swamp-orchid [5872] Endangered Species or species habitat may occur within area

Phaius pictus [22564] Vulnerable Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Polyscias bellendenkerensis [7237] Vulnerable Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Reptiles Caretta caretta Loggerhead Turtle [1763] Endangered Breeding likely to occur within area Chelonia mydas Green Turtle [1765] Vulnerable Breeding known to occur within area Dermochelys coriacea Leatherback Turtle, Leathery Turtle, Luth [1768] Endangered Breeding likely to occur within area Eretmochelys imbricata Hawksbill Turtle [1766] Vulnerable Species or species habitat known to occur within area

Lepidochelys olivacea Olive Ridley Turtle, Pacific Ridley Turtle [1767] Endangered Breeding likely to occur within area Natator depressus Flatback Turtle [59257] Vulnerable Foraging, feeding or related behaviour known to occur within area Sharks Carcharodon carcharias White Shark, Great White Shark [64470] Vulnerable Species or species habitat may occur within area

Pristis pristis Freshwater Sawfish, Largetooth Sawfish, River Vulnerable Species or species habitat Sawfish, Leichhardt's Sawfish, Northern Sawfish known to occur within area [60756] Pristis zijsron Green Sawfish, Dindagubba, Narrowsnout Sawfish Vulnerable Breeding likely to occur [68442] within area Rhincodon typus Whale Shark [66680] Vulnerable Species or species habitat may occur within area

Listed Migratory Species [ Resource Information ] * Species is listed under a different scientific name on the EPBC Act - Threatened Species list. Name Threatened Type of Presence Migratory Marine Birds Anous stolidus Common Noddy [825] Species or species habitat known to occur within area

Apus pacificus Fork-tailed Swift [678] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Fregata ariel Lesser Frigatebird, Least Frigatebird [1012] Species or species habitat known to occur within area Name Threatened Type of Presence Fregata minor Great Frigatebird, Greater Frigatebird [1013] Species or species habitat known to occur within area

Sternula albifrons Little Tern [82849] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Migratory Marine Species Anoxypristis cuspidata Narrow Sawfish, Knifetooth Sawfish [68448] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Balaenoptera edeni Bryde's Whale [35] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Balaenoptera musculus Blue Whale [36] Endangered Species or species habitat may occur within area

Carcharodon carcharias White Shark, Great White Shark [64470] Vulnerable Species or species habitat may occur within area

Caretta caretta Loggerhead Turtle [1763] Endangered Breeding likely to occur within area Chelonia mydas Green Turtle [1765] Vulnerable Breeding known to occur within area Crocodylus porosus Salt-water Crocodile, Estuarine Crocodile [1774] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Dermochelys coriacea Leatherback Turtle, Leathery Turtle, Luth [1768] Endangered Breeding likely to occur within area Dugong dugon Dugong [28] Species or species habitat known to occur within area

Eretmochelys imbricata Hawksbill Turtle [1766] Vulnerable Species or species habitat known to occur within area

Lamna nasus Porbeagle, Mackerel Shark [83288] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Lepidochelys olivacea Olive Ridley Turtle, Pacific Ridley Turtle [1767] Endangered Breeding likely to occur within area Manta alfredi Reef Manta Ray, Coastal Manta Ray, Inshore Manta Species or species habitat Ray, Prince Alfred's Ray, Resident Manta Ray [84994] may occur within area

Manta birostris Giant Manta Ray, Chevron Manta Ray, Pacific Manta Species or species habitat Ray, Pelagic Manta Ray, Oceanic Manta Ray [84995] may occur within area

Megaptera novaeangliae Humpback Whale [38] Vulnerable Species or species habitat known to occur within area

Natator depressus Flatback Turtle [59257] Vulnerable Foraging, feeding or related behaviour known to occur within area Orcaella brevirostris Irrawaddy Dolphin [45] Species or species habitat known to occur within area Name Threatened Type of Presence Orcinus orca Killer Whale, Orca [46] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Pristis pristis Freshwater Sawfish, Largetooth Sawfish, River Vulnerable Species or species habitat Sawfish, Leichhardt's Sawfish, Northern Sawfish known to occur within area [60756] Pristis zijsron Green Sawfish, Dindagubba, Narrowsnout Sawfish Vulnerable Breeding likely to occur [68442] within area Rhincodon typus Whale Shark [66680] Vulnerable Species or species habitat may occur within area

Sousa chinensis Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphin [50] Foraging, feeding or related behaviour known to occur within area Migratory Terrestrial Species Cuculus optatus Oriental Cuckoo, Horsfield's Cuckoo [86651] Species or species habitat known to occur within area

Hirundapus caudacutus White-throated Needletail [682] Species or species habitat known to occur within area

Hirundo rustica Barn Swallow [662] Species or species habitat known to occur within area

Monarcha melanopsis Black-faced Monarch [609] Species or species habitat known to occur within area

Monarcha trivirgatus Spectacled Monarch [610] Species or species habitat known to occur within area

Motacilla flava Yellow Wagtail [644] Species or species habitat known to occur within area

Myiagra cyanoleuca Satin Flycatcher [612] Species or species habitat known to occur within area

Rhipidura rufifrons Rufous Fantail [592] Species or species habitat known to occur within area

Migratory Wetlands Species Actitis hypoleucos Common Sandpiper [59309] Species or species habitat known to occur within area

Calidris acuminata Sharp-tailed Sandpiper [874] Species or species habitat known to occur within area

Calidris canutus Red Knot, Knot [855] Endangered Species or species habitat known to occur within area

Calidris ferruginea Curlew Sandpiper [856] Critically Endangered Species or species habitat known to occur within area

Calidris melanotos Pectoral Sandpiper [858] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area Name Threatened Type of Presence Gallinago hardwickii Latham's Snipe, Japanese Snipe [863] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Limosa lapponica Bar-tailed Godwit [844] Species or species habitat known to occur within area

Numenius madagascariensis Eastern Curlew, Far Eastern Curlew [847] Critically Endangered Species or species habitat known to occur within area

Pandion haliaetus Osprey [952] Species or species habitat known to occur within area

Tringa nebularia Common Greenshank, Greenshank [832] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Other Matters Protected by the EPBC Act Listed Marine Species [ Resource Information ] * Species is listed under a different scientific name on the EPBC Act - Threatened Species list. Name Threatened Type of Presence Birds Actitis hypoleucos Common Sandpiper [59309] Species or species habitat known to occur within area

Anous stolidus Common Noddy [825] Species or species habitat known to occur within area

Anseranas semipalmata Magpie Goose [978] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Apus pacificus Fork-tailed Swift [678] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Ardea alba Great Egret, White Egret [59541] Species or species habitat known to occur within area

Ardea ibis Cattle Egret [59542] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Calidris acuminata Sharp-tailed Sandpiper [874] Species or species habitat known to occur within area

Calidris canutus Red Knot, Knot [855] Endangered Species or species habitat known to occur within area

Calidris ferruginea Curlew Sandpiper [856] Critically Endangered Species or species habitat known to occur within area

Calidris melanotos Pectoral Sandpiper [858] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area Name Threatened Type of Presence Chrysococcyx osculans Black-eared Cuckoo [705] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Fregata ariel Lesser Frigatebird, Least Frigatebird [1012] Species or species habitat known to occur within area

Fregata minor Great Frigatebird, Greater Frigatebird [1013] Species or species habitat known to occur within area

Gallinago hardwickii Latham's Snipe, Japanese Snipe [863] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Haliaeetus leucogaster White-bellied Sea-Eagle [943] Species or species habitat known to occur within area

Hirundapus caudacutus White-throated Needletail [682] Species or species habitat known to occur within area

Hirundo rustica Barn Swallow [662] Species or species habitat known to occur within area

Limosa lapponica Bar-tailed Godwit [844] Species or species habitat known to occur within area

Merops ornatus Rainbow Bee-eater [670] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Monarcha melanopsis Black-faced Monarch [609] Species or species habitat known to occur within area

Monarcha trivirgatus Spectacled Monarch [610] Species or species habitat known to occur within area

Motacilla flava Yellow Wagtail [644] Species or species habitat known to occur within area

Myiagra cyanoleuca Satin Flycatcher [612] Species or species habitat known to occur within area

Numenius madagascariensis Eastern Curlew, Far Eastern Curlew [847] Critically Endangered Species or species habitat known to occur within area

Pandion haliaetus Osprey [952] Species or species habitat known to occur within area

Rhipidura rufifrons Rufous Fantail [592] Species or species habitat known to occur within area

Rostratula benghalensis (sensu lato) Painted Snipe [889] Endangered* Species or species habitat may occur within area

Sterna albifrons Little Tern [813] Species or species habitat may occur within area Name Threatened Type of Presence Tringa nebularia Common Greenshank, Greenshank [832] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Fish Acentronura tentaculata Shortpouch Pygmy Pipehorse [66187] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Bulbonaricus davaoensis Davao Pughead Pipefish [66190] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Choeroichthys brachysoma Pacific Short-bodied Pipefish, Short-bodied Pipefish Species or species habitat [66194] may occur within area

Choeroichthys sculptus Sculptured Pipefish [66197] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Choeroichthys suillus Pig-snouted Pipefish [66198] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Corythoichthys amplexus Fijian Banded Pipefish, Brown-banded Pipefish Species or species habitat [66199] may occur within area

Corythoichthys flavofasciatus Reticulate Pipefish, Yellow-banded Pipefish, Network Species or species habitat Pipefish [66200] may occur within area

Corythoichthys intestinalis Australian Messmate Pipefish, Banded Pipefish Species or species habitat [66202] may occur within area

Corythoichthys ocellatus Orange-spotted Pipefish, Ocellated Pipefish [66203] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Corythoichthys paxtoni Paxton's Pipefish [66204] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Corythoichthys schultzi Schultz's Pipefish [66205] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Cosmocampus maxweberi Maxweber's Pipefish [66209] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Doryrhamphus dactyliophorus Banded Pipefish, Ringed Pipefish [66210] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Doryrhamphus excisus Bluestripe Pipefish, Indian Blue-stripe Pipefish, Pacific Species or species habitat Blue-stripe Pipefish [66211] may occur within area

Doryrhamphus janssi Cleaner Pipefish, Janss' Pipefish [66212] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Festucalex cinctus Girdled Pipefish [66214] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Festucalex gibbsi Gibbs' Pipefish [66215] Species or species habitat may occur within area Name Threatened Type of Presence Halicampus dunckeri Red-hair Pipefish, Duncker's Pipefish [66220] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Halicampus grayi Mud Pipefish, Gray's Pipefish [66221] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Halicampus macrorhynchus Whiskered Pipefish, Ornate Pipefish [66222] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Halicampus mataafae Samoan Pipefish [66223] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Halicampus nitidus Glittering Pipefish [66224] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Halicampus spinirostris Spiny-snout Pipefish [66225] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Hippichthys cyanospilos Blue-speckled Pipefish, Blue-spotted Pipefish [66228] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Hippichthys heptagonus Madura Pipefish, Reticulated Freshwater Pipefish Species or species habitat [66229] may occur within area

Hippichthys penicillus Beady Pipefish, Steep-nosed Pipefish [66231] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Hippichthys spicifer Belly-barred Pipefish, Banded Freshwater Pipefish Species or species habitat [66232] may occur within area

Hippocampus bargibanti Pygmy Seahorse [66721] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Hippocampus histrix Spiny Seahorse, Thorny Seahorse [66236] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Hippocampus kuda Spotted Seahorse, Yellow Seahorse [66237] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Hippocampus planifrons Flat-face Seahorse [66238] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Hippocampus zebra Zebra Seahorse [66241] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Micrognathus andersonii Anderson's Pipefish, Shortnose Pipefish [66253] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Micrognathus brevirostris thorntail Pipefish, Thorn-tailed Pipefish [66254] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Microphis brachyurus Short-tail Pipefish, Short-tailed River Pipefish [66257] Species or species habitat may occur within area Name Threatened Type of Presence Nannocampus pictus Painted Pipefish, Reef Pipefish [66263] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Phoxocampus diacanthus Pale-blotched Pipefish, Spined Pipefish [66266] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Siokunichthys breviceps Softcoral Pipefish, Soft-coral Pipefish [66270] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Solegnathus hardwickii Pallid Pipehorse, Hardwick's Pipehorse [66272] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Solenostomus cyanopterus Robust Ghostpipefish, Blue-finned Ghost Pipefish, Species or species habitat [66183] may occur within area

Solenostomus paradoxus Ornate Ghostpipefish, Harlequin Ghost Pipefish, Species or species habitat Ornate Ghost Pipefish [66184] may occur within area

Syngnathoides biaculeatus Double-end Pipehorse, Double-ended Pipehorse, Species or species habitat Alligator Pipefish [66279] may occur within area

Trachyrhamphus bicoarctatus Bentstick Pipefish, Bend Stick Pipefish, Short-tailed Species or species habitat Pipefish [66280] may occur within area

Trachyrhamphus longirostris Straightstick Pipefish, Long-nosed Pipefish, Straight Species or species habitat Stick Pipefish [66281] may occur within area

Mammals Dugong dugon Dugong [28] Species or species habitat known to occur within area

Reptiles Acalyptophis peronii Horned Seasnake [1114] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Aipysurus duboisii Dubois' Seasnake [1116] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Aipysurus eydouxii Spine-tailed Seasnake [1117] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Aipysurus laevis Olive Seasnake [1120] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Astrotia stokesii Stokes' Seasnake [1122] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Caretta caretta Loggerhead Turtle [1763] Endangered Breeding likely to occur within area Chelonia mydas Green Turtle [1765] Vulnerable Breeding known to occur within area Crocodylus porosus Salt-water Crocodile, Estuarine Crocodile [1774] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area Name Threatened Type of Presence Dermochelys coriacea Leatherback Turtle, Leathery Turtle, Luth [1768] Endangered Breeding likely to occur within area Disteira kingii Spectacled Seasnake [1123] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Disteira major Olive-headed Seasnake [1124] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Enhydrina schistosa Beaked Seasnake [1126] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Eretmochelys imbricata Hawksbill Turtle [1766] Vulnerable Species or species habitat known to occur within area

Hydrophis elegans Elegant Seasnake [1104] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Hydrophis mcdowelli null [25926] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Hydrophis ornatus Spotted Seasnake, Ornate Reef Seasnake [1111] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Lapemis hardwickii Spine-bellied Seasnake [1113] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Laticauda colubrina a sea krait [1092] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Laticauda laticaudata a sea krait [1093] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Lepidochelys olivacea Olive Ridley Turtle, Pacific Ridley Turtle [1767] Endangered Breeding likely to occur within area Natator depressus Flatback Turtle [59257] Vulnerable Foraging, feeding or related behaviour known to occur within area Pelamis platurus Yellow-bellied Seasnake [1091] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Whales and other Cetaceans [ Resource Information ] Name Status Type of Presence Mammals Balaenoptera acutorostrata Minke Whale [33] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Balaenoptera edeni Bryde's Whale [35] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Balaenoptera musculus Blue Whale [36] Endangered Species or species habitat may occur within area

Delphinus delphis Common Dophin, Short-beaked Common Dolphin [60] Species or species habitat may occur within Name Status Type of Presence area Grampus griseus Risso's Dolphin, Grampus [64] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Megaptera novaeangliae Humpback Whale [38] Vulnerable Species or species habitat known to occur within area

Orcaella brevirostris Irrawaddy Dolphin [45] Species or species habitat known to occur within area

Orcinus orca Killer Whale, Orca [46] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Sousa chinensis Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphin [50] Foraging, feeding or related behaviour known to occur within area Stenella attenuata Spotted Dolphin, Pantropical Spotted Dolphin [51] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Tursiops aduncus Indian Ocean Bottlenose Dolphin, Spotted Bottlenose Species or species habitat Dolphin [68418] likely to occur within area

Tursiops truncatus s. str. Bottlenose Dolphin [68417] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Extra Information Invasive Species [ Resource Information ] Weeds reported here are the 20 species of national significance (WoNS), along with other introduced plants that are considered by the States and Territories to pose a particularly significant threat to biodiversity. The following feral animals are reported: Goat, Red Fox, Cat, Rabbit, Pig, Water Buffalo and Cane Toad. Maps from Landscape Health Project, National Land and Water Resouces Audit, 2001.

Name Status Type of Presence Birds Acridotheres tristis Common Myna, Indian Myna [387] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Anas platyrhynchos Mallard [974] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Columba livia Rock Pigeon, Rock Dove, Domestic Pigeon [803] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Lonchura punctulata Nutmeg Mannikin [399] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area Name Status Type of Presence Passer domesticus House Sparrow [405] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Streptopelia chinensis Spotted Turtle-Dove [780] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Sturnus vulgaris Common Starling [389] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Frogs Rhinella marina Cane Toad [83218] Species or species habitat known to occur within area

Mammals Bos taurus Domestic Cattle [16] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Canis lupus familiaris Domestic Dog [82654] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Felis catus Cat, House Cat, Domestic Cat [19] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Mus musculus House Mouse [120] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Rattus norvegicus Brown Rat, Norway Rat [83] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Rattus rattus Black Rat, Ship Rat [84] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Sus scrofa Pig [6] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Plants Andropogon gayanus Gamba Grass [66895] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Annona glabra Pond Apple, Pond-apple Tree, Alligator Apple, Species or species habitat Bullock's Heart, Cherimoya, Monkey Apple, Bobwood, likely to occur within area Corkwood [6311] Cabomba caroliniana Cabomba, Fanwort, Carolina Watershield, Fish Grass, Species or species habitat Washington Grass, Watershield, Carolina Fanwort, likely to occur within area Common Cabomba [5171] Cenchrus ciliaris Buffel-grass, Black Buffel-grass [20213] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Cryptostegia grandiflora Rubber Vine, Rubbervine, India Rubber Vine, India Species or species habitat Rubbervine, Palay Rubbervine, Purple Allamanda likely to occur within area [18913] Hymenachne amplexicaulis Hymenachne, Olive Hymenachne, Water Stargrass, Species or species habitat West Indian Grass, West Indian Marsh Grass [31754] likely to occur within area

Jatropha gossypifolia Cotton-leaved Physic-Nut, Bellyache Bush, Species or species Name Status Type of Presence Cotton-leaf Physic Nut, Cotton-leaf Jatropha, Black habitat likely to occur within Physic Nut [7507] area Lantana camara Lantana, Common Lantana, Kamara Lantana, Large- Species or species habitat leaf Lantana, Pink Flowered Lantana, Red Flowered likely to occur within area Lantana, Red-Flowered Sage, White Sage, Wild Sage [10892] Sagittaria platyphylla Delta Arrowhead, Arrowhead, Slender Arrowhead Species or species habitat [68483] likely to occur within area

Salvinia molesta Salvinia, Giant Salvinia, Aquarium Watermoss, Kariba Species or species habitat Weed [13665] likely to occur within area

Reptiles Hemidactylus frenatus Asian House Gecko [1708] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Lepidodactylus lugubris Mourning Gecko [1712] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Ramphotyphlops braminus Flowerpot Blind Snake, Brahminy Blind Snake, Cacing Species or species habitat Besi [1258] likely to occur within area Caveat The information presented in this report has been provided by a range of data sources as acknowledged at the end of the report.

This report is designed to assist in identifying the locations of places which may be relevant in determining obligations under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. It holds mapped locations of World and National Heritage properties, Wetlands of International and National Importance, Commonwealth and State/Territory reserves, listed threatened, migratory and marine species and listed threatened ecological communities. Mapping of Commonwealth land is not complete at this stage. Maps have been collated from a range of sources at various resolutions.

Not all species listed under the EPBC Act have been mapped (see below) and therefore a report is a general guide only. Where available data supports mapping, the type of presence that can be determined from the data is indicated in general terms. People using this information in making a referral may need to consider the qualifications below and may need to seek and consider other information sources.

For threatened ecological communities where the distribution is well known, maps are derived from recovery plans, State vegetation maps, remote sensing imagery and other sources. Where threatened ecological community distributions are less well known, existing vegetation maps and point location data are used to produce indicative distribution maps.

Threatened, migratory and marine species distributions have been derived through a variety of methods. Where distributions are well known and if time permits, maps are derived using either thematic spatial data (i.e. vegetation, soils, geology, elevation, aspect, terrain, etc) together with point locations and described habitat; or environmental modelling (MAXENT or BIOCLIM habitat modelling) using point locations and environmental data layers.

Where very little information is available for species or large number of maps are required in a short time-frame, maps are derived either from 0.04 or 0.02 decimal degree cells; by an automated process using polygon capture techniques (static two kilometre grid cells, alpha-hull and convex hull); or captured manually or by using topographic features (national park boundaries, islands, etc). In the early stages of the distribution mapping process (1999-early 2000s) distributions were defined by degree blocks, 100K or 250K map sheets to rapidly create distribution maps. More reliable distribution mapping methods are used to update these distributions as time permits.

Only selected species covered by the following provisions of the EPBC Act have been mapped: - migratory and - marine The following species and ecological communities have not been mapped and do not appear in reports produced from this database:

- threatened species listed as extinct or considered as vagrants - some species and ecological communities that have only recently been listed - some terrestrial species that overfly the Commonwealth marine area - migratory species that are very widespread, vagrant, or only occur in small numbers The following groups have been mapped, but may not cover the complete distribution of the species: - non-threatened seabirds which have only been mapped for recorded breeding sites - seals which have only been mapped for breeding sites near the Australian continent Such breeding sites may be important for the protection of the Commonwealth Marine environment.

Coordinates

-16.80317 145.71687 Acknowledgements This database has been compiled from a range of data sources. The department acknowledges the following custodians who have contributed valuable data and advice: -Office of Environment and Heritage, New South Wales -Department of Environment and Primary Industries, Victoria -Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment, Tasmania -Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources, South Australia -Department of Land and Resource Management, Northern Territory -Department of Environmental and Heritage Protection, Queensland -Department of Parks and Wildlife, Western Australia -Environment and Planning Directorate, ACT -Birdlife Australia -Australian Bird and Bat Banding Scheme -Australian National Wildlife Collection -Natural history museums of Australia -Museum Victoria -Australian Museum -South Australian Museum -Queensland Museum -Online Zoological Collections of Australian Museums -Queensland Herbarium -National Herbarium of NSW -Royal Botanic Gardens and National Herbarium of Victoria -Tasmanian Herbarium -State Herbarium of South Australia -Northern Territory Herbarium -Western Australian Herbarium -Australian National Herbarium, Canberra -University of New England -Ocean Biogeographic Information System -Australian Government, Department of Defence Forestry Corporation, NSW -Geoscience Australia -CSIRO -Australian Tropical Herbarium, Cairns -eBird Australia -Australian Government – Australian Antarctic Data Centre -Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory -Australian Government National Environmental Science Program -Australian Institute of Marine Science -Reef Life Survey Australia -American Museum of Natural History -Queen Victoria Museum and Art Gallery, Inveresk, Tasmania -Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, Hobart, Tasmania -Other groups and individuals

The Department is extremely grateful to the many organisations and individuals who provided expert advice and information on numerous draft distributions.

Please feel free to provide feedback via the Contact Us page.

© Commonwealth of Australia Department of the Environment GPO Box 787 Canberra ACT 2601 Australia +61 2 6274 1111 Wildlife Online Extract

Search Criteria: Species List for a Specified Point Species: All Type: All Status: All Records: All Date: All Latitude: -16.8032 Longitude: 145.7162 Distance: 2 Email: [email protected] Date submitted: Monday 03 Sep 2018 12:16:58 Date extracted: Monday 03 Sep 2018 12:20:03 The number of records retrieved = 295

Disclaimer

As the DSITIA is still in a process of collating and vetting data, it is possible the information given is not complete. The information provided should only be used for the project for which it was requested and it should be appropriately acknowledged as being derived from Wildlife Online when it is used. The State of Queensland does not invite reliance upon, nor accept responsibility for this information. Persons should satisfy themselves through independent means as to the accuracy and completeness of this information. No statements, representations or warranties are made about the accuracy or completeness of this information. The State of Queensland disclaims all responsibility for this information and all liability (including without limitation, liability in negligence) for all expenses, losses, damages and costs you may incur as a result of the information being inaccurate or incomplete in any way for any reason. Kingdom Class Family Scientific Name Common Name I Q A Records animals amphibians Bufonidae Rhinella marina cane toad Y 3 animals amphibians Hylidae Litoria caerulea common green treefrog C 1 animals amphibians Hylidae Litoria bicolor northern sedgefrog C 1/1 animals amphibians Hylidae Litoria infrafrenata white lipped treefrog C 2 animals amphibians Limnodynastidae Limnodynastes convexiusculus marbled frog C 1 animals birds Acanthizidae Gerygone magnirostris large-billed gerygone C 2 animals birds Acanthizidae Gerygone palpebrosa fairy gerygone C 2 animals birds Accipitridae Elanus axillaris black-shouldered kite C 1 animals birds Accipitridae Milvus migrans black kite C 3 animals birds Accipitridae Haliastur indus brahminy kite C 10 animals birds Accipitridae Haliaeetus leucogaster white-bellied sea-eagle C 2 animals birds Accipitridae Pandion cristatus eastern osprey SL 2 animals birds Accipitridae Accipiter fasciatus brown goshawk C 1 animals birds Accipitridae Aviceda subcristata Pacific baza C 2 animals birds Accipitridae Haliastur sphenurus whistling kite C 5 animals birds Alcedinidae Ceyx pusillus little kingfisher C 1 animals birds Anatidae Nettapus pulchellus green pygmy-goose C 39 animals birds Anatidae Malacorhynchus membranaceus pink-eared duck C 5 animals birds Anatidae Nettapus coromandelianus cotton pygmy-goose C 3 animals birds Anatidae Dendrocygna arcuata wandering whistling-duck C 31 animals birds Anatidae Dendrocygna eytoni plumed whistling-duck C 24 animals birds Anatidae Chenonetta jubata Australian wood duck C 6 animals birds Anatidae Anas superciliosa Pacific black duck C 64 animals birds Anatidae Oxyura australis blue-billed duck C 1 animals birds Anatidae Aythya australis hardhead C 30 animals birds Anatidae Anas gracilis grey teal C 43 animals birds Anatidae Anas castanea chestnut teal C 2 animals birds Anhingidae Anhinga novaehollandiae Australasian darter C 56 animals birds Anseranatidae Anseranas semipalmata magpie goose C 15 animals birds Apodidae Aerodramus terraereginae Australian swiftlet C 26 animals birds Apodidae Hirundapus caudacutus white-throated needletail SL 1 animals birds Apodidae Apus pacificus fork-tailed swift SL 3 animals birds Ardeidae Egretta sacra eastern reef egret C 4 animals birds Ardeidae Ardea pacifica white-necked heron C 1 animals birds Ardeidae Egretta picata pied heron C 7 animals birds Ardeidae Nycticorax caledonicus nankeen night-heron C 8 animals birds Ardeidae Ardea sumatrana great-billed heron C 1 animals birds Ardeidae Egretta novaehollandiae white-faced heron C 9 animals birds Ardeidae Bubulcus ibis cattle egret C 5 animals birds Ardeidae Ixobrychus flavicollis black bittern C 1 animals birds Ardeidae Ardea alba modesta eastern great egret C 35 animals birds Ardeidae Butorides striata striated heron C 5 animals birds Ardeidae Egretta garzetta little egret C 14 animals birds Ardeidae Ardea intermedia intermediate egret C 36 animals birds Artamidae Artamus leucorynchus white-breasted woodswallow C 44 animals birds Artamidae Cracticus quoyi black butcherbird C 35

Page 1 of 7 Queensland Government Wildlife Online - Extract Date 03/09/2018 at 12:20:03 Kingdom Class Family Scientific Name Common Name I Q A Records animals birds Burhinidae Esacus magnirostris beach stone-curlew V 3 animals birds Burhinidae Burhinus grallarius bush stone-curlew C 20 animals birds Cacatuidae Cacatua galerita sulphur-crested cockatoo C 17 animals birds Campephagidae Coracina tenuirostris cicadabird C 3 animals birds Campephagidae Coracina papuensis white-bellied cuckoo-shrike C 25 animals birds Campephagidae Lalage leucomela varied triller C 22 animals birds Campephagidae Coracina novaehollandiae black-faced cuckoo-shrike C 6 animals birds Charadriidae Charadrius ruficapillus red-capped plover C 3 animals birds Charadriidae Vanellus miles miles masked lapwing (northern subspecies) C 34 animals birds Charadriidae Elseyornis melanops black-fronted dotterel C 25 animals birds Charadriidae Pluvialis fulva Pacific golden plover SL 13 animals birds Charadriidae Vanellus miles masked lapwing C 26 animals birds Ciconiidae Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus black-necked stork C 3 animals birds Cisticolidae Cisticola exilis golden-headed cisticola C 12 animals birds Columbidae Streptopelia chinensis spotted dove Y 52 animals birds Columbidae Geopelia humeralis bar-shouldered dove C 14 animals birds Columbidae Chalcophaps indica emerald dove C 1 animals birds Columbidae Ptilinopus regina rose-crowned fruit-dove C 3 animals birds Columbidae Ocyphaps lophotes crested pigeon C 1 animals birds Columbidae Geopelia striata peaceful dove C 79 animals birds Columbidae Ducula bicolor pied imperial-pigeon C 23 animals birds Columbidae Columba livia rock dove Y 1 animals birds Coraciidae Eurystomus orientalis dollarbird C 5 animals birds Cuculidae Chalcites minutillus little bronze-cuckoo C 4 animals birds Cuculidae Eudynamys orientalis eastern koel C 4 animals birds Cuculidae Scythrops novaehollandiae channel-billed cuckoo C 4 animals birds Cuculidae Cacomantis flabelliformis fan-tailed cuckoo C 1 animals birds Cuculidae Centropus phasianinus pheasant coucal C 4 animals birds Cuculidae Cacomantis variolosus brush cuckoo C 9 animals birds Dicruridae Dicrurus bracteatus spangled drongo C 41 animals birds Estrildidae Neochmia phaeton crimson finch C 1 animals birds Estrildidae Lonchura punctulata nutmeg mannikin Y 27 animals birds Estrildidae Neochmia phaeton phaeton crimson finch C 12 animals birds Estrildidae Taeniopygia bichenovii double-barred finch C 1 animals birds Estrildidae Lonchura castaneothorax chestnut-breasted mannikin C 20 animals birds Estrildidae Taeniopygia guttata zebra finch C 1 animals birds Falconidae Falco longipennis Australian hobby C 1 animals birds Falconidae Falco cenchroides nankeen kestrel C 1 animals birds Halcyonidae Tanysiptera sylvia buff-breasted paradise-kingfisher C 1 animals birds Halcyonidae Dacelo novaeguineae laughing kookaburra C 29 animals birds Halcyonidae Todiramphus sanctus sacred kingfisher C 21 animals birds Halcyonidae Todiramphus sordidus Torresian kingfisher C 4 animals birds Halcyonidae Todiramphus macleayii forest kingfisher C 19 animals birds Hirundinidae Hirundo neoxena welcome swallow C 71 animals birds Hirundinidae Petrochelidon ariel fairy martin C 7 animals birds Hirundinidae Petrochelidon nigricans tree martin C 1

Page 2 of 7 Queensland Government Wildlife Online - Extract Date 03/09/2018 at 12:20:03 Kingdom Class Family Scientific Name Common Name I Q A Records animals birds Jacanidae Irediparra gallinacea comb-crested jacana C 1 animals birds Laridae Thalasseus bergii crested tern SL 2 animals birds Laridae Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae silver gull C 5 animals birds Laridae Sternula albifrons little tern SL 4 animals birds Laridae Hydroprogne caspia Caspian tern SL 3 animals birds Maluridae Malurus amabilis lovely fairy-wren C 7 animals birds Megapodiidae Megapodius reinwardt orange-footed scrubfowl C 22 animals birds Meliphagidae Myzomela obscura dusky honeyeater C 6 animals birds Meliphagidae Melithreptus albogularis white-throated honeyeater C 14 animals birds Meliphagidae Philemon citreogularis little friarbird C 1 animals birds Meliphagidae Ramsayornis modestus brown-backed honeyeater C 46 animals birds Meliphagidae Lichmera indistincta brown honeyeater C 39 animals birds Meliphagidae Philemon buceroides helmeted friarbird C 54 animals birds Meliphagidae Meliphaga gracilis graceful honeyeater C 3 animals birds Meliphagidae Stomiopera flava yellow honeyeater C 26 animals birds Meliphagidae Meliphaga notata yellow-spotted honeyeater C 15 animals birds Meropidae Merops ornatus rainbow bee-eater C 64 animals birds Monarchidae Myiagra alecto shining flycatcher C 1 animals birds Monarchidae Myiagra inquieta restless flycatcher C 1 animals birds Monarchidae Symposiachrus trivirgatus spectacled monarch SL 5 animals birds Monarchidae Monarcha melanopsis black-faced monarch SL 2 animals birds Monarchidae Grallina cyanoleuca magpie-lark C 68 animals birds Monarchidae Myiagra ruficollis broad-billed flycatcher C 1 animals birds Monarchidae Myiagra rubecula leaden flycatcher C 22 animals birds Motacillidae Anthus novaeseelandiae Australasian pipit C 7 animals birds Nectariniidae Nectarinia jugularis olive-backed sunbird C 55 animals birds Nectariniidae Dicaeum hirundinaceum mistletoebird C 30 animals birds Oriolidae Oriolus flavocinctus yellow oriole C 37 animals birds Oriolidae Sphecotheres vieilloti Australasian figbird C 20 animals birds Oriolidae Oriolus sagittatus olive-backed oriole C 1 animals birds Pachycephalidae Pachycephala simplex peninsulae grey whistler C 1 animals birds Pachycephalidae Colluricincla megarhyncha little shrike-thrush C 4 animals birds Pachycephalidae Pachycephala rufiventris rufous whistler C 2 animals birds Pardalotidae Pardalotus striatus striated pardalote C 1 animals birds Passeridae Passer domesticus house sparrow Y 15 animals birds Pelecanidae Pelecanus conspicillatus Australian pelican C 12 animals birds Phalacrocoracidae Microcarbo melanoleucos little pied cormorant C 26 animals birds Phalacrocoracidae Phalacrocorax varius pied cormorant C 1 animals birds Phalacrocoracidae Phalacrocorax carbo great cormorant C 1 animals birds Phalacrocoracidae Phalacrocorax sulcirostris little black cormorant C 26 animals birds Podicipedidae Tachybaptus novaehollandiae Australasian grebe C 41 animals birds Psittacidae Trichoglossus haematodus moluccanus rainbow lorikeet C 56 animals birds Psittacidae Trichoglossus chlorolepidotus scaly-breasted lorikeet C 25 animals birds Psittacidae Aprosmictus erythropterus red-winged parrot C 1 animals birds Psittacidae Cyclopsitta diophthalma macleayana Macleay's fig-parrot V 8 animals birds Rallidae Gallinula tenebrosa dusky moorhen C 20

Page 3 of 7 Queensland Government Wildlife Online - Extract Date 03/09/2018 at 12:20:03 Kingdom Class Family Scientific Name Common Name I Q A Records animals birds Rallidae Porphyrio melanotus purple swamphen C 1 animals birds Rallidae Amaurornis moluccana pale-vented bush-hen C 1 animals birds Rallidae Gallirallus philippensis buff-banded rail C 3 animals birds Rallidae Fulica atra Eurasian coot C 6 animals birds Rallidae Amaurornis cinerea white-browed crake C 7 animals birds Recurvirostridae Himantopus himantopus black-winged stilt C 13 animals birds Rhipiduridae Rhipidura albiscapa grey fantail C 3 animals birds Rhipiduridae Rhipidura rufifrons rufous fantail SL 3 animals birds Rhipiduridae Rhipidura leucophrys willie wagtail C 64 animals birds Rhipiduridae Rhipidura rufiventris northern fantail C 1 animals birds Scolopacidae Numenius phaeopus whimbrel SL 15 animals birds Scolopacidae Gallinago hardwickii Latham's snipe SL 1 animals birds Scolopacidae Calidris ruficollis red-necked stint SL 5 animals birds Scolopacidae Numenius madagascariensis eastern curlew E CE 3 animals birds Scolopacidae Tringa brevipes grey-tailed tattler SL 3 animals birds Scolopacidae Tringa nebularia common greenshank SL 4 animals birds Scolopacidae Limosa lapponica baueri Western Alaskan bar-tailed godwit VV 1 animals birds Scolopacidae Actitis hypoleucos common sandpiper SL 3 animals birds Scolopacidae Calidris acuminata sharp-tailed sandpiper SL 15 animals birds Scolopacidae Tringa stagnatilis marsh sandpiper SL 8 animals birds Sturnidae Acridotheres tristis common myna Y 71 animals birds Sturnidae Aplonis metallica metallic starling C 11 animals birds Sturnidae Sturnus vulgaris common starling Y 1 animals birds Threskiornithidae Plegadis falcinellus glossy ibis SL 6 animals birds Threskiornithidae Threskiornis spinicollis straw-necked ibis C 36 animals birds Threskiornithidae Threskiornis molucca Australian white ibis C 28 animals birds Threskiornithidae Platalea regia royal spoonbill C 12 animals birds Timaliidae Zosterops lateralis silvereye C 2 animals insects Lycaenidae Hypochrysops apollo apollo Apollo jewel (Wet Tropics subspecies) V 2 animals mammals Hipposideridae Hipposideros ater aruensis eastern dusky leaf-nosed bat C 1 animals mammals Muridae Melomys sp. 3/3 animals mammals Pteropodidae Pteropus scapulatus little red flying-fox C 2 animals mammals Pteropodidae Pteropus conspicillatus spectacled flying-fox VV 7 animals mammals Vespertilionidae Vespadelus pumilus eastern forest bat C 1 animals reptiles Acrochordidae Acrochordus granulatus little file snake C 1/1 animals reptiles Boidae Antaresia maculosa spotted python C 2/2 animals reptiles Boidae Liasis fuscus water python C 1/1 animals reptiles Crocodylidae Crocodylus porosus estuarine crocodile V 6 animals reptiles Elapidae Hydrophis curtus spine-bellied sea snake C 1/1 animals reptiles Gekkonidae Lepidodactylus lugubris mourning gecko C 5/5 animals reptiles Gekkonidae Nactus cheverti Chevert gecko C 1/1 animals reptiles Scincidae Carlia longipes closed-litter rainbow-skink C 5/5 plants ferns Davalliaceae Davallia denticulata var. denticulata C1/1 plants ferns Lindsaeaceae Lindsaea ensifolia subsp. agatii C1/1 plants ferns Pteridaceae Cheilanthes caudata C1/1 plants ferns Thelypteridaceae Amphineuron terminans C1/1

Page 4 of 7 Queensland Government Wildlife Online - Extract Date 03/09/2018 at 12:20:03 Kingdom Class Family Scientific Name Common Name I Q A Records plants higher dicots Anacardiaceae Rhus taitensis sumac C 2/2 plants higher dicots Anacardiaceae Mangifera indica mango Y 1/1 plants higher dicots Asteraceae Eleutheranthera ruderalis Y1/1 plants higher dicots Asteraceae Emilia sonchifolia var. sonchifolia Y1/1 plants higher dicots Bignoniaceae Saritaea magnifica Y1/1 plants higher dicots Bignoniaceae Deplanchea tetraphylla C1/1 plants higher dicots Caesalpiniaceae Cynometra iripa C1/1 plants higher dicots Caesalpiniaceae Chamaecrista rotundifolia var. rotundifolia Y1/1 plants higher dicots Casuarinaceae Allocasuarina littoralis C1/1 plants higher dicots Chenopodiaceae Salsola australis C1/1 plants higher dicots Clusiaceae Calophyllum australianum C1/1 plants higher dicots Combretaceae Terminalia muelleri C4/4 plants higher dicots Combretaceae Terminalia catappa C2/2 plants higher dicots Cucurbitaceae Momordica charantia balsam pear Y 1/1 plants higher dicots Ebenaceae Diospyros compacta C1/1 plants higher dicots Euphorbiaceae Macaranga involucrata var. mallotoides C1/1 plants higher dicots Euphorbiaceae Dimorphocalyx australiensis C1/1 plants higher dicots Euphorbiaceae Excoecaria agallocha milky mangrove C 1/1 plants higher dicots Euphorbiaceae Mallotus nesophilus C1/1 plants higher dicots Euphorbiaceae Claoxylon hillii C2/2 plants higher dicots Fabaceae Galactia C1/1 plants higher dicots Fabaceae Tephrosia astragaloides C1/1 plants higher dicots Fabaceae Vigna marina dune bean C 1/1 plants higher dicots Fabaceae Crotalaria goreensis gambia pea Y 1/1 plants higher dicots Fabaceae Desmodium scorpiurus Y1/1 plants higher dicots Lecythidaceae Planchonia careya cockatoo apple C 2/2 plants higher dicots Maesaceae Maesa haplobotrys C2/2 plants higher dicots Malvaceae Thespesia populnea C1/1 plants higher dicots Malvaceae Sida cordifolia Y1/1 plants higher dicots Meliaceae Melia azedarach white cedar C 2/2 plants higher dicots Mimosaceae Mimosa pudica var. unijuga Y1/1 plants higher dicots Mimosaceae Albizia procera C1/1 plants higher dicots Mimosaceae Acacia oraria C1/1 plants higher dicots Moraceae Ficus microcarpa C1/1 plants higher dicots Moraceae Ficus drupacea var. drupacea C1/1 plants higher dicots Moraceae Ficus racemosa var. racemosa C1/1 plants higher dicots Moraceae Ficus obliqua C1/1 plants higher dicots Myrtaceae Leptospermum madidum subsp. madidum C1/1 plants higher dicots Myrtaceae Lophostemon suaveolens swamp box C 1/1 plants higher dicots Myrtaceae Lithomyrtus obtusa C2/2 plants higher dicots Oleaceae Jasminum simplicifolium subsp. australiense C1/1 plants higher dicots Passifloraceae Passiflora foetida Y1/1 plants higher dicots Phyllanthaceae Poranthera microphylla small poranthera C 1/1 plants higher dicots Pittosporaceae Pittosporum tinifolium C1/1 plants higher dicots Plantaginaceae Scoparia dulcis scoparia Y 1/1 plants higher dicots Portulacaceae Portulaca pilosa Y1/1

Page 5 of 7 Queensland Government Wildlife Online - Extract Date 03/09/2018 at 12:20:03 Kingdom Class Family Scientific Name Common Name I Q A Records plants higher dicots Rhamnaceae Colubrina asiatica C2/2 plants higher dicots Rhamnaceae Alphitonia excelsa soap tree C 1/1 plants higher dicots Rhizophoraceae Ceriops australis C1/1 plants higher dicots Rubiaceae Aidia cowleyi C1/1 plants higher dicots Rubiaceae Psydrax odorata forma foveolata C1/1 plants higher dicots Rubiaceae Timonius timon var. timon C1/1 plants higher dicots Rubiaceae Tarenna dallachiana subsp. dallachiana C1/1 plants higher dicots Rubiaceae Mitracarpus hirtus Y1/1 plants higher dicots Rubiaceae Ixora coccinea Y1/1 plants higher dicots Rubiaceae Spermacoce articularis Y2/2 plants higher dicots Rubiaceae Atractocarpus fitzalanii subsp. fitzalanii C1/1 plants higher dicots Sapindaceae Cupaniopsis anacardioides tuckeroo C 1/1 plants higher dicots Sapindaceae Ganophyllum falcatum C1/1 plants higher dicots Sapindaceae Arytera divaricata coogera C 1/1 plants higher dicots Sparrmanniaceae Grewia retusifolia C1/1 plants higher dicots Sparrmanniaceae Triumfetta repens C1/1 plants higher dicots Urticaceae Pipturus argenteus white nettle C 2/2 plants higher dicots Violaceae Afrohybanthus enneaspermus C1/1 plants lower dicots Annonaceae Monoon australe C1/1 plants lower dicots Apocynaceae Catharanthus roseus pink periwinkle Y 1/1 plants lower dicots Apocynaceae Alstonia muelleriana hard milkwood C 1/1 plants lower dicots Apocynaceae Hoya australis subsp. australis C1/1 plants lower dicots Apocynaceae Alyxia spicata C2/2 plants lower dicots Boraginaceae Heliotropium moorei C1/1 plants lower dicots Convolvulaceae Distimake quinquefolius Y2/2 plants lower dicots Convolvulaceae Ipomoea aquatica C1/1 plants lower dicots Gentianaceae Canscora diffusa C1/1 plants lower dicots Lamiaceae Hyptis capitata Y1/1 plants lower dicots Lamiaceae Vitex rotundifolia C1/1 plants lower dicots Lamiaceae Clerodendrum inerme coastal lolly bush C 1/1 plants lower dicots Linderniaceae Lindernia tenuifolia C1/1 plants lower dicots Menispermaceae Pachygone ovata C1/1 plants lower dicots Solanaceae Solanum torvum devil's fig Y 1/1 plants lower dicots Solanaceae Solanum intonsum C1/1 plants lower dicots Verbenaceae Stachytarpheta jamaicensis Jamaica snakeweed Y 1/1 plants lower dicots Verbenaceae Lantana camara lantana Y 1/1 plants lower dicots Verbenaceae Stachytarpheta cayennensis Y1/1 plants monocots Arecaceae Livistona muelleri dwarf fan palm C 1/1 plants monocots Colchicaceae Schelhammera multiflora C1/1 plants monocots Cyperaceae Schoenoplectus subulatus C1/1 plants monocots Cyperaceae Scleria C1/1 plants monocots Cyperaceae Lepidosperma laterale var. laterale C1/1 plants monocots Cyperaceae Rhynchospora corymbosa C1/1 plants monocots Cyperaceae Scleria mackaviensis C1/1 plants monocots Cyperaceae Cyperus fulvus C1/1 plants monocots Hydrocharitaceae Limnobium laevigatum Y1/1

Page 6 of 7 Queensland Government Wildlife Online - Extract Date 03/09/2018 at 12:20:03 Kingdom Class Family Scientific Name Common Name I Q A Records plants monocots Laxmanniaceae Lomandra longifolia C2/2 plants monocots Poaceae Cynodon nlemfuensis var. nlemfuensis Y1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Bothriochloa bladhii subsp. bladhii C1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Dactyloctenium aegyptium coast button grass Y 1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Paspalidium disjunctum C1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Digitaria leucostachya C2/2 plants monocots Poaceae Schizachyrium fragile firegrass C 1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Heteropogon triticeus giant speargrass C 1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Ectrosia agrostoides C1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Digitaria parviflora C1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Eriachne pallescens C1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Paspalum conjugatum sourgrass Y 1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Sporobolus fertilis giant Parramatta grass Y 1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Cenchrus echinatus Mossman River grass Y 2/2 plants monocots Poaceae Ectrosia leporina C1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Eriachne triseta C1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Lepturus repens stalky grass C 1/1 plants monocots Restionaceae Dapsilanthus ramosus C1/1 plants Lygodiaceae Lygodium microphyllum snake fern C 1/1

CODES I - Y indicates that the taxon is introduced to Queensland and has naturalised. Q - Indicates the Queensland conservation status of each taxon under the Nature Conservation Act 1992. The codes are Extinct in the Wild (PE), Endangered (E), Vulnerable (V), Near Threatened (NT), Least Concern (C) or Not Protected ( ). A - Indicates the Australian conservation status of each taxon under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. The values of EPBC are Conservation Dependent (CD), Critically Endangered (CE), Endangered (E), Extinct (EX), Extinct in the Wild (XW) and Vulnerable (V). Records – The first number indicates the total number of records of the taxon for the record option selected (i.e. All, Confirmed or Specimens). This number is output as 99999 if it equals or exceeds this value. The second number located after the / indicates the number of specimen records for the taxon. This number is output as 999 if it equals or exceeds this value.

Page 7 of 7 Queensland Government Wildlife Online - Extract Date 03/09/2018 at 12:20:03 For Lot: 227 Plan: SP122860

Current as at 20/08/2018 This publication has been compiled by Operations Support, Department of Natural Resources, Mines and Energy.

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The information contained herein is subject to change without notice. The Queensland Government shall not be liable for technical or other errors or omissions contained herein. The reader/user accepts all risks and responsibility for losses, damages, costs and other consequences resulting directly or indirectly from using this information.

Vegetation management report, Department of Natural Resources, Mines and Energy, 2018 Page 2 Recent changes

New vegetation clearing laws New vegetation management laws were passed by the Queensland Parliament on 3 May 2018 and may affect the clearing you can undertake on your property. For more information, read about the new vegetation management laws (https://www.dnrme.qld.gov.au/land-water/initiatives/vegetation-management-laws/) or call 135VEG (13 58 34) between 8.30am and 4.30pm Monday to Friday.

Updated mapping The Regulated Vegetation Management Map and Supporting Map was updated in March 2018 to reflect the most up to date information available in relation to regional ecosystems, essential habitat and wetland mapping (Version 10). Overview

Based on the lot on plan details you have supplied, this report provides the following detailed information: • Vegetation management framework - an explanation of the application of the framework. • Property details - information about the specified Lot on Plan, lot size, local government area, bioregion(s), subregion(s), catchment(s), coastal or non coastal status, and any applicable area management plans associated with your property. • Vegetation management details for the specified Lot on Plan - specific information about your property including vegetation categories, regional ecosystems, watercourses, wetlands, essential habitat, and protected plants. • Contact information. • Maps - a series of colour maps to assist in identifying regulated vegetation on your property. • Other legislation contact information.

This information will assist you to determine your options for managing vegetation, which may include: • exempt clearing work • accepted development vegetation clearing code • an area management plan • a development approval.

Other laws

The clearing of native vegetation is regulated by both Queensland and Australian legislation, and some local governments also regulate native vegetation clearing. You may need to obtain an approval or permit under another Act, such as Queensland's Protected Plants framework or the Commonwealth Government's Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act). Section 6 of this guide provides contact details of other agencies you should confirm requirements with, before commencing vegetation clearing.

Vegetation management report, Department of Natural Resources, Mines and Energy, 2018 Page 3 Table of Contents 1. Vegetation management framework ...... 5 1.1 Exempt clearing work ...... 5 1.2 Accepted development vegetation clearing codes ...... 5 1.3 Area management plans ...... 6 1.4 Development approvals ...... 6 2. Property details ...... 7 2.1 Tenure ...... 7 2.2 Property location ...... 7 3. Vegetation management details for Lot: 227 Plan: SP122860 ...... 8 3.1 Vegetation categories ...... 8 3.2 Regional ecosystems ...... 9 3.3 Watercourses ...... 9 3.4 Wetlands ...... 9 3.5 Essential habitat ...... 9 3.6 Protected plants (administered by the Department of Environment and Science (DES)) ...... 13 3.7 Emissions Reduction Fund (ERF) ...... 13 4. Contact information for DNRME ...... 14 5. Maps ...... 15 5.1 Regulated vegetation management map ...... 16 5.2 Vegetation management supporting map ...... 17 5.3 Coastal/non coastal map ...... 18 5.4 Protected plants map administered by DES ...... 19 6. Other relevant legislation contacts list ...... 20

Vegetation management report, Department of Natural Resources, Mines and Energy, 2018 Page 4 1. Vegetation management framework

The Vegetation Management Act 1999 (VMA), the Vegetation Management Regulation 2012, the Planning Act 2016 and the Planning Regulation 2017, in conjunction with associated policies and codes, form the Vegetation Management Framework.

The VMA does not apply to all land tenures or vegetation types. State forests, national parks, forest reserves and some tenures under the Forestry Act 1959 and Nature Conservation Act 1992 are not regulated by the VMA. Managing or clearing vegetation on these tenures may require approvals under these laws.

The following native vegetation is not regulated under the VMA but may require permit(s) under other laws: • grass or non-woody herbage; • a plant within a grassland regional ecosystem prescribed under Schedule 5 of the Vegetation Management Regulation 2012; and • a mangrove.

1.1 Exempt clearing work

Exempt clearing work is an activity for which you do not need to notify DNRME or obtain an approval. Exempt clearing work was previously known as exemptions.

In areas that are mapped as Category X (white in colour) on the regulated vegetation management map (see section 5.1), and where the land tenure is freehold, indigenous land and leasehold land for agriculture and grazing purposes, the clearing of vegetation is considered exempt clearing work and does not require notification or development approval. For all other land tenures, contact DNRME before commencing clearing to ensure that the proposed activity is exempt clearing work.

A range of routine property management activities are considered exempt clearing work. A list of exempt clearing work is available at https://www.qld.gov.au/environment/land/vegetation/exemptions/.

Exempt clearing work may be affected if the proposed clearing area is subject to development approval conditions, a covenant, an environmental offset, an exchange area, a restoration notice, or an area mapped as Category A. Contact DNRME prior to clearing in any of these areas.

1.2 Accepted development vegetation clearing codes

Some clearing activities can be undertaken under an accepted development vegetation clearing code. The codes can be downloaded at https://www.qld.gov.au/environment/land/vegetation/codes/

If you intend to clear vegetation under an accepted development vegetation clearing code, you must notify DNRME before commencing. The information in this report will assist you to complete the online notification form.

You can complete the online form at https://apps.dnrm.qld.gov.au/vegetation/

Vegetation management report, Department of Natural Resources, Mines and Energy, 2018 Page 5 1.3 Area management plans

Area Management Plans (AMP) provide an alternative approval system for vegetation clearing. They list the purposes and clearing conditions that have been approved for the areas covered by the plan. It is not necessary to use an AMP, even when an AMP applies to your property.

As a result of the new laws, AMPs for fodder harvesting, managing thickened vegetation and managing encroachment will continue for 2 years. New notifications cannot be made for these AMPs.

New notifications can be made for all other AMPs. These will continue to apply until their nominated end date.

If an area management plan applies to your property for which you can make a new notification, it will be listed in Section 2.2 of this report. Before clearing under one of these AMPs, you must first notify the DNRME and then follow the conditions and requirements listed in the AMP. https://www.qld.gov.au/environment/land/vegetation/area-plans/

1.4 Development approvals

If your proposed clearing is not exempt clearing work, or is not permitted under an accepted development vegetation clearing code, or an AMP, you may be able to apply for a development approval. Information on how to apply for a development approval is available at https://www.qld.gov.au/environment/land/vegetation/applying/

Vegetation management report, Department of Natural Resources, Mines and Energy, 2018 Page 6 2. Property details 2.1 Tenure

All of the lot, plan and tenure information associated with property Lot: 227 Plan: SP122860, including links to relevant Smart Maps, are listed in Table 1. The tenure of the property (whether it is freehold, leasehold, or other) may be viewed by clicking on the Smart Map link(s) provided.

Table 1: Lot, plan and tenure information for the property

Lot Plan Tenure Link to property on SmartMap

227 SP122860 Lands Lease https://apps.information.qld.gov.au/data/cadastre/GenerateSmartMap?q=227\SP12 2860

The tenure of the land may affect whether clearing is considered exempt clearing work or may be carried out under an accepted development vegetation clearing code.

2.2 Property location

Table 2 provides a summary of the locations for property Lot: 227 Plan: SP122860, in relation to natural and administrative boundaries.

Table 2: Property location details

Local Government(s) Cairns Regional

Bioregion(s) Subregion(s) Wet Tropics Innisfail

Catchment(s) Barron

For the purposes of the accepted development vegetation clearing codes and the State Development Assessment Provisions (SDAP), this property is regarded as* Coastal

*See also Map 5.4

Area Management Plan(s): Nil

Vegetation management report, Department of Natural Resources, Mines and Energy, 2018 Page 7 3. Vegetation management details for Lot: 227 Plan: SP122860 3.1 Vegetation categories

Vegetation categories are shown on the regulated vegetation management map in section 5.1 of this report. A summary of vegetation categories on the subject lot are listed in Table 3. Descriptions for these categories are shown in Table 4.

Table 3: Vegetation categories for subject property. Total area: 2.77ha

Vegetation category Area (ha) Category B 0.11 Category R 1.92 Category X 0.74

Table 4 Category Colour on Map Description Requirements / options A red Compliance areas, environmental Special conditions apply to Category offset areas and voluntary A areas. Before clearing, contact declaration areas DNRME to confirm any requirements in a Category A area. B dark blue Remnant vegetation areas Exempt clearing work, or notification and compliance with accepted development vegetation clearing codes, area management plans or development approval. C light blue High-value regrowth areas Exempt clearing work, or notification and compliance with managing Category C regrowth vegetation accepted development vegetation clearing code. R yellow Regrowth within 50m of a Exempt clearing work, or notification watercourse or drainage feature in and compliance with managing the Great Barrier Reef catchment Category R regrowth accepted areas development vegetation clearing code or area management plans. X white Clearing is considered accepted No permit or notification required on development on freehold land, freehold land, indigenous land and indigenous land and leasehold land leasehold land for agriculture and for agriculture and grazing grazing. A development approval purposes. Contact DNRME to clarify may be required for some State land whether a development approval is tenures. required for other State land tenures.

Property Map of Assessable Vegetation (PMAV)

This report does not confirm if a Property Map of Assessable Vegetation (PMAV) exists on a lot. To confirm whether or not a PMAV exists on a lot, please check the PMAV layer on the Queensland Globe2, or contact DNRME on 135VEG (135 834).

Vegetation management report, Department of Natural Resources, Mines and Energy, 2018 Page 8 3.2 Regional ecosystems

The endangered, of concern and least concern regional ecosystems on your property are shown on the vegetation management supporting map in section 5.2 and are listed in Table 5.

A description of regional ecosystems can be accessed online at https://www.qld.gov.au/environment/plants-animals/plants/ecosystems/descriptions/

Table 5: Regional ecosystems present on subject property

Regional VMA Status Category Area (Ha) Short Description Structure Ecosystem Category 7.1.1 Least B 0.01 Mangrove closed scrub to open forest of Dense concern areas subject to regular tidal inundation

7.2.7 Of concern B 0.10 Casuarina equisetifolia +/- Corymbia Mid-dense tessellaris open forest +/- groved vine forest shrublands on strand and foredunes

non-rem None R 1.92 None None

non-rem None X 0.74 None None

Please note: 1. All area and area derived figures included in this table have been calculated via reprojecting relevant spatial features to Albers equal-area conic projection (central meridian = 146, datum Geocentric Datum of Australia 1994). As a result, area figures may differ slightly if calculated for the same features using a different co-ordinate system. 2. If Table 5 contains a Category 'plant', please be aware that this refers to 'plantations' such as forestry, and these areas are considered non-remnant under the VMA.

The VMA status of the regional ecosystem (whether it is endangered, of concern or least concern) also determines if any of the following are applicable: • exempt clearing work • accepted development vegetation clearing codes • performance outcomes in State Development Assessment Provisions (SDAP).

3.3 Watercourses

Vegetation management watercourses and drainage features for this property are shown on the vegetation management supporting map in section 5.2.

3.4 Wetlands

There are no vegetation management wetlands present on this property.

3.5 Essential habitat

Protected wildlife is native wildlife prescribed under the Nature Conservation Act 1992 (NCA), and includes endangered, vulnerable or near-threatened wildlife.

Essential habitat for protected wildlife includes suitable habitat on the lot, or where a species has been known to occur up to 1.1 kilometres from a lot on which there is assessable vegetation. These important habitat areas are protected under the VMA.

Any essential habitat on this property will be shown as blue hatching on the vegetation supporting map in section 5.2.

If essential habitat is identified on the lot, information about the protected wildlife species is provided in Table 6 below. The numeric labels on the vegetation management supporting map can be cross referenced with Table 6 to outline the essential habitat factors for that particular species. There may be essential habitat for more than one species on each lot, and areas of Category A, Category B and Category C can be mapped as Essential Habitat. Vegetation management report, Department of Natural Resources, Mines and Energy, 2018 Page 9 Essential habitat is compiled from a combination of species habitat models and buffered species records. Regional ecosystem is a mandatory essential habitat factor, unless otherwise stated. Essential habitat, for protected wildlife, means an area of vegetation shown on the Regulated Vegetation Management Map as assessable vegetation - 1) that has at least 3 essential habitat factors for the protected wildlife that must include any essential habitat factors that are stated as mandatory for the protected wildlife in the essential habitat database. Essential habitat factors are comprised of - regional ecosystem (mandatory for most species), vegetation community, altitude, soils, position in landscape; or 2) in which the protected wildlife, at any stage of its life cycle, is located.

If there is no essential habitat mapping shown on the vegetation management supporting map for this lot, and there is no table in the sections below, it confirms that there is no essential habitat on the lot.

Category A and/or Category B and/or Category C

Table 6: Essential habitat in Category A and/or Category B and/or Category C

Label Scientific Name Common Name NCA Status Vegetation Community Altitude Soils Position in

Landscape

1087 Casuarius casuarius southern E Dense lowland and highland tropical rainforest, closed gallery Sea level to None None

johnsonii (southern cassowary forest, eucalypt forest with vine forest elements, swamp forest 1500m.

population) (southern and adjacent melaleuca swamps, littoral scrub, eucalypt

population) woodland and mangroves; often using a habitat mosaic; will

cross open eucalypt, canefields and dry ridges between

rainforest patches.

584 Crocodylus porosus estuarine crocodile V Estuaries and major rivers, billabongs and swamps in dry Sea level to 100m. None Near and in

season; freshwater swamps in wet season, occasionally found in waterbodies.

open sea; also in dune swale swamps and dams; mostly within

40-50km of coastline (some breeding populations up to 100km

from sea). Nest sites vegetated areas (preference for Melaleuca

swamp forest with Thoracostachyum or Scleria sedgeswamp &/or

Stenoclaena fern) near permanent freshwater (<100-200m), often

on north-west banks, prime areas associated with productive

deepwater estuaries; will also use marginal sites, e.g. grassy

areas (Imperata, Ischaemum, Themeda, Sorghum) near forest

edge or with sparse eucalypt, riverbank/fringe forest (Melaleuca,

Corypha, Acacia), mangrove fringe, salt meadow behind

mangrove, and sparse short (<40cm) sedgeland/swamp.

1521 Grantiella picta painted honeyeater V Box, ironbark and yellow gum forest and woodland, also 100-400m. None None

melaleuca (e.g. Melaleuca decora), casuarina (bulloak, belah)

callitris and acacia (Acacia harpophylla) woodland; usually

mature trees with flowering and/or fruiting mistletoe (especially

Amyema spp.). Nest in outer drooping foliage of eucalypt

(occasionally mistletoe); 2-20m above ground.

1843 Numenius eastern curlew E Foraging on soft, intertidal mudflat, with a preference for broad Sea level to 100m. Sand, sandy mud Associated with

madagascariensis flats, often in sheltered areas near mangroves and and mud coastlines and

estuaries/creeks, also on sandflats and occasionally ocean substrates. wetlands.

beaches, rock platforms and coral reefs. Roost on saltflat,

saltmarsh, mangroves, reef flat, sandy spits and grassland near

water.

1867 Limosa lapponica bar-tailed godwit V Foraging on large intertidal mudflat/sandflat, banks in estuaries, Sea level to 100m. Sand and mud Associated with

inlets, bays and coastal lagoons; also saline wetlands, saltmarsh, substrates. coastlines and

sandy beach, rock platform and coral reef-flat. Roost on sandy wetlands.

beach/spit and near saltmarsh.

Vegetation management report, Department of Natural Resources, Mines and Energy, 2018 Page 10 Label Regional Ecosystem (mandatory unless otherwise specified)

1087 7.1.1, 7.1.2, 7.1.3, 7.1.4, 7.1.5, 7.2.1, 7.2.2, 7.2.3, 7.2.4, 7.2.5, 7.2.6, 7.2.7, 7.2.8, 7.2.9, 7.2.10, 7.2.11, 7.3.1, 7.3.2, 7.3.3, 7.3.4, 7.3.5, 7.3.6, 7.3.7, 7.3.8,

7.3.9, 7.3.10, 7.3.12, 7.3.13, 7.3.17, 7.3.19, 7.3.20, 7.3.21, 7.3.23, 7.3.25, 7.3.28, 7.3.29, 7.3.30, 7.3.31, 7.3.34, 7.3.35, 7.3.36, 7.3.37, 7.3.38, 7.3.39,

7.3.40, 7.3.42, 7.3.45, 7.3.46, 7.3.47, 7.3.49, 7.8.1, 7.8.2, 7.8.3, 7.8.4, 7.8.11, 7.8.12, 7.8.13, 7.8.14, 7.8.15, 7.8.16, 7.8.18, 7.11.1, 7.11.2, 7.11.3, 7.11.5,

7.11.6, 7.11.7, 7.11.8, 7.11.10, 7.11.12, 7.11.13, 7.11.14, 7.11.16, 7.11.18, 7.11.19, 7.11.23, 7.11.24, 7.11.25, 7.11.26, 7.11.27, 7.11.28, 7.11.29, 7.11.30,

7.11.31, 7.11.32, 7.11.34, 7.11.36, 7.11.38, 7.11.39, 7.11.40, 7.11.42, 7.11.44, 7.11.46, 7.11.47, 7.11.49, 7.12.1, 7.12.2, 7.12.4, 7.12.5, 7.12.6, 7.12.7,

7.12.9, 7.12.10, 7.12.11, 7.12.12, 7.12.13, 7.12.16, 7.12.17, 7.12.19, 7.12.20, 7.12.21, 7.12.22, 7.12.23, 7.12.24, 7.12.25, 7.12.26, 7.12.29, 7.12.37,

7.12.38, 7.12.39, 7.12.40, 7.12.41, 7.12.43, 7.12.44, 7.12.45, 7.12.47, 7.12.48, 7.12.49, 7.12.50, 7.12.53, 7.12.59, 7.12.61, 7.12.66, 7.12.67, 7.12.68

584 All regional ecosystems within the stream/wetland buffer as determined by VMA code.

Vegetation management report, Department of Natural Resources, Mines and Energy, 2018 Page 11 Label Regional Ecosystem (mandatory unless otherwise specified)

1521 1.3.2, 1.3.3, 1.3.4, 1.3.5, 1.3.6, 1.3.7, 1.3.8, 1.3.9, 1.3.11, 1.3.12, 1.3.13, 1.3.14, 1.3.15, 1.5.1, 1.5.2, 1.5.3, 1.5.4, 1.5.5, 1.5.6, 1.5.7, 1.5.8, 1.5.9, 1.5.10,

1.5.11, 1.5.12, 1.5.13, 1.15.14, 1.5.15, 1.5.16, 1.5.17, 1.5.18, 1.5.19, 1.6.1, 1.7.1, 1.7.2, 1.7.3, 1.7.4, 1.7.5, 1.7.6, 1.7.7, 1.9.1, 1.9.2, 1.9.3, 1.9.4, 1.9.5,

1.9.6, 1.9.7, 1.9.9, 1.9.10, 1.9.11, 1.9.12, 1.9.13, 1.9.14, 1.10.1, 1.10.2, 1.10.3, 1.10.4, 1.10.5, 1.10.6, 1.10.7, 1.10.8, 1.10.9, 1.11.1, 1.11.2, 1.11.3, 1.11.4,

1.11.6, 1.11.7, 1.11.8, 1.11.9, 1.11.10, 1.11.11, 1.11.12, 1.11.13, 1.11.14, 1.12.1, 1.12.2, 1.12.3, 1.12.4, 1.12.5, 1.12.6, 1.12.7, 2.2.1, 2.3.1, 2.3.5, 2.3.6,

2.3.7, 2.3.8, 2.3.9, 2.3.10, 2.3.11, 2.3.12, 2.3.13, 2.3.15, 2.3.17, 2.3.18, 2.3.19, 2.3.20, 2.3.21, 2.3.22, 2.3.23, 2.3.24, 2.3.25, 2.3.26, 2.3.27, 2.3.28, 2.3.29,

2.3.30, 2.3.31, 2.3.33, 2.3.34, 2.3.35, 2.3.36, 2.3.37, 2.3.39, 2.3.40, 2.3.41, 2.3.42, 2.3.43, 2.3.44, 2.3.45, 2.3.46, 2.3.47, 2.3.49, 2.3.50, 2.3.51, 2.3.52,

2.3.53, 2.3.54, 2.3.55, 2.3.56, 2.3.57, 2.3.58, 2.3.59, 2.3.60, 2.3.61, 2.3.62, 2.3.63, 2.3.64, 2.3.65, 2.3.66, 2.3.68, 2.3.69, 2.3.70, 2.3.71, 2.3.72, 2.4.3, 2.4.4,

2.4.5, 2.5.1, 2.5.2, 2.5.3, 2.5.4, 2.5.5, 2.5.6, 2.5.7, 2.5.8, 2.5.9, 2.5.10, 2.5.11, 2.5.12, 2.5.13, 2.5.14, 2.5.15, 2.5.17, 2.5.18, 2.5.19, 2.5.20, 2.5.21, 2.5.22,

2.5.23, 2.5.24, 2.5.25, 2.5.26, 2.5.27, 2.5.28, 2.5.29, 2.5.30, 2.5.31, 2.5.32, 2.5.33, 2.5.34, 2.5.35, 2.5.36, 2.5.37, 2.5.38, 2.5.39, 2.5.40, 2.5.41, 2.7.1, 2.7.2,

2.7.3, 2.7.4, 2.7.5, 2.8.1, 2.9.1, 2.9.2, 2.9.3, 2.9.4, 2.9.5, 2.9.6, 2.9.7, 2.10.1, 2.10.2, 2.10.3, 2.10.4, 2.10.5, 2.10.6, 2.10.7, 2.11.1, 2.12.1, 3.2.3, 3.2.4, 3.2.5,

3.2.6, 3.2.7, 3.2.8, 3.2.9, 3.2.10, 3.2.15, 3.2.16, 3.2.17, 3.3.8, 3.3.9, 3.3.10, 3.3.11, 3.3.12, 3.3.13, 3.3.14, 3.3.15, 3.3.16, 3.3.17, 3.3.18, 3.3.19, 3.3.20,

3.3.21, 3.3.22, 3.3.23, 3.3.24, 3.3.25, 3.3.26, 3.3.27, 3.3.28, 3.3.29, 3.3.30, 3.3.31, 3.3.32, 3.3.33, 3.3.34, 3.3.35, 3.3.36, 3.3.37, 3.3.40, 3.3.42, 3.3.43,

3.3.44, 3.3.45, 3.3.46, 3.3.47, 3.3.48, 3.3.49, 3.3.50, 3.3.69, 3.3.70, 3.5.1, 3.5.2, 3.5.5, 3.5.6, 3.5.7, 3.5.8, 3.5.9, 3.5.10, 3.5.11, 3.5.12, 3.5.13, 3.5.14,

3.5.15, 3.5.16, 3.5.17, 3.5.18, 3.5.21, 3.5.22, 3.5.23, 3.5.24, 3.5.25, 3.5.26, 3.5.27, 3.5.31, 3.5.34, 3.5.35, 3.5.36, 3.5.37, 3.5.38, 3.5.39, 3.5.40, 3.5.41,

3.5.42, 3.7.2, 3.7.3, 3.7.4, 3.7.5, 3.7.6, 3.8.3, 3.9.2, 3.9.4, 3.9.5, 3.9.6, 3.10.6, 3.10.7, 3.10.8, 3.10.9, 3.10.10, 3.10.11, 3.10.14, 3.10.15, 3.10.16, 3.10.21,

3.11.4, 3.11.6, 3.11.7, 3.11.8, 3.11.9, 3.11.10, 3.11.11, 3.11.12, 3.11.13, 3.11.14, 3.11.15, 3.11.17, 3.11.18, 3.11.20, 3.11.21, 3.12.7, 3.12.8, 3.12.9,

3.12.10, 3.12.11, 3.12.12, 3.12.13, 3.12.14, 3.12.15, 3.12.16, 3.12.17, 3.12.18, 3.12.19, 3.12.26, 3.12.27, 3.12.40, 3.12.41, 3.12.42, 3.12.43, 3.12.44,

3.12.45, 3.12.46 3.12.47, 4.3.1, 4.3.2, 4.3.3, 4.3.4, 4.3.5, 4.3.6, 4.3.8, 4.3.10, 4.3.11, 4.3.20, 4.3.21, 4.4.1, 4.5.1, 4.5.4, 4.5.5, 4.5.9, 4.7.1, 4.7.2, 4.7.3,

4.7.4, 4.9.1, 4.9.6, 4.9.7, 4.9.11, 4.9.12, 4.9.14, 4.9.17, 4.9.18, 4.9.19, 5.3.1, 5.3.2, 5.3.3, 5.3.4, 5.3.5, 5.3.6, 5.3.7, 5.3.8, 5.3.9, 5.3.10, 5.3.20, 5.5.1, 5.5.6,

5.7.4, 5.7.8, 6.3.1, 6.3.2, 6.3.3, 6.3.4, 6.3.5, 6.3.6, 6.3.7, 6.3.8, 6.3.9, 6.3.16, 6.3.17, 6.3.18, 6.3.21, 6.3.24, 6.3.25, 6.4.2, 6.4.3, 6.4.4, 6.5.1, 6.5.2, 6.5.3,

6.5.5, 6.5.6, 6.5.7, 6.5.8, 6.5.9, 6.5.10, 6.5.11, 6.5.13, 6.5.15, 6.5.17, 6.5.18, 6.5.19, 6.7.2, 6.7.5, 6.7.6, 6.7.7, 6.9.2, 6.9.3, 7.2.3, 7.2.4, 7.2.7, 7.2.8, 7.2.9,

7.2.10, 7.2.11, 7.3.5, 7.3.6, 7.3.7, 7.3.8, 7.3.9, 7.3.12, 7.3.13, 7.3.14, 7.3.16, 7.3.19, 7.3.20, 7.3.21, 7.3.25, 7.3.26, 7.3.34, 7.3.35, 7.3.39, 7.3.40, 7.3.42,

7.3.43, 7.3.44, 7.3.45, 7.3.46, 7.3.47, 7.3.48, 7.3.49, 7.3.50, 7.5.1, 7.5.2, 7.5.3, 7.5.4, 7.8.4, 7.8.7, 7.8.8, 7.8.10, 7.8.15, 7.8.16, 7.8.17, 7.8.18, 7.8.19,

7.11.5, 7.11.6, 7.11.8, 7.11.10, 7.11.13, 7.11.14, 7.11.16, 7.11.18, 7.11.19, 7.11.20, 7.11.21, 7.11.26, 7.11.31, 7.11.32, 7.11.33, 7.11.34, 7.11.35, 7.11.37,

7.11.38, 7.11.40, 7.11.41, 7.11.42, 7.11.43, 7.11.44, 7.11.45, 7.11.46, 7.11.47, 7.11.48, 7.11.49, 7.11.50, 7.11.51, 7.12.4, 7.12.5, 7.12.9, 7.12.12, 7.12.17,

7.12.21, 7.12.22, 7.12.23, 7.12.24, 7.12.25, 7.12.26, 7.12.27, 7.12.28, 7.12.29, 7.12.30, 7.12.33, 7.12.34, 7.12.35, 7.12.37, 7.12.51, 7.12.52, 7.12.53,

7.12.54, 7.12.55, 7.12.56, 7.12.57, 7.12.58, 7.12.59, 7.12.60, 7.12.61, 7.12.62, 7.12.63, 7.12.64, 7.12.65, 7.12.66, 7.12.69, 8.2.1, 8.2.3, 8.2.4, 8.2.6, 8.2.7,

8.2.8, 8.2.12, 8.2.13, 8.2.14, 8.3.2, 8.3.3, 8.3.5, 8.3.6, 8.3.8, 8.3.11, 8.3.13, 8.5.1, 8.5.2, 8.5.3, 8.5.5, 8.5.6, 8.9.1, 8.11.1, 8.11.3, 8.11.4, 8.11.5, 8.11.6,

8.11.8, 8.12.4, 8.12.5, 8.12.6, 8.12.7, 8.12.8, 8.12.9, 8.12.12, 8.12.14, 8.12.20, 8.12.22, 8.12.23, 8.12.25, 8.12.26, 8.12.27, 8.12.31, 8.12.32, 9.3.1, 9.3.2,

9.3.3, 9.3.4, 9.3.5, 9.3.6, 9.3.7, 9.3.8, 9.3.9, 9.3.10, 9.3.11, 9.3.13, 9.3.14, 9.3.15, 9.3.16, 9.3.17, 9.3.18, 9.3.19, 9.3.20, 9.3.21, 9.3.22, 9.3.23, 9.3.24, 9.4.1,

9.4.2, 9.4.3, 9.5.1, 9.5.3, 9.5.4, 9.5.5, 9.5.6, 9.5.7, 9.5.8, 9.5.9, 9.5.10, 9.5.11, 9.5.12, 9.5.14, 9.5.15, 9.5.16, 9.5.17, 9.7.1, 9.7.2, 9.7.3, 9.7.4, 9.7.5, 9.7.6,

9.8.1, 9.8.2, 9.8.4, 9.8.5, 9.8.6, 9.8.9, 9.8.10, 9.8.11, 9.8.12, 9.10.1, 9.10.3, 9.10.4, 9.10.5, 9.10.6, 9.10.7, 9.10.8, 9.10.9, 9.11.1, 9.11.2, 9.11.3, 9.11.4,

9.11.5, 9.11.7, 9.11.10, 9.11.11, 9.11.12, 9.11.13, 9.11.14, 9.11.15, 9.11.16, 9.11.17, 9.11.18, 9.11.19, 9.11.21, 9.11.22, 9.11.23, 9.11.24, 9.11.25, 9.11.26,

9.11.27, 9.11.28, 9.11.29, 9.11.30, 9.11.31, 9.11.32, 9.12.1, 9.12.2, 9.12.3, 9.12.4, 9.12.5, 9.12.6, 9.12.7, 9.12.10, 9.12.11, 9.12.12, 9.12.13, 9.12.14,

9.12.15, 9.12.16, 9.12.17, 9.12.18, 9.12.19, 9.12.20, 9.12.21, 9.12.22, 9.12.23, 9.12.24, 9.12.25, 9.12.26, 9.12.27, 9.12.28, 9.12.29, 9.12.30, 9.12.31,

9.12.32, 9.12.33, 9.12.35, 9.12.36, 9.12.37, 9.12.38, 9.12.39, 9.12.40, 9.12.43, 9.12.44, 10.3.1, 10.3.2, 10.3.3, 10.3.4, 10.3.5, 10.3.6, 10.3.9, 10.3.10,

10.3.11, 10.3.12, 10.3.13, 10.3.14, 10.3.15, 10.3.16, 10.3.17, 10.3.19, 10.3.20, 10.3.21, 10.3.22, 10.3.23, 10.3.25, 10.3.27, 10.3.28, 10.3.30, 10.3.31,

10.4.1, 10.4.2, 10.4.3, 10.4.4, 10.4.5, 10.4.6, 10.4.7, 10.4.9, 10.5.1, 10.5.2, 10.5.4, 10.5.5, 10.5.7, 10.5.8, 10.5.9, 10.5.10, 10.5.11, 10.5.12, 10.7.1, 10.7.2,

10.7.3, 10.7.4, 10.7.5, 10.7.6, 10.7.7, 10.7.8, 10.7.9, 10.7.10, 10.7.11, 10.7.12, 10.9.1, 10.9.2, 10.9.3, 10.9.5, 10.9.6, 10.9.8, 10.10.1, 10.10.2, 10.10.3,

10.10.4, 10.10.5, 10.10.7, 11.2.1, 11.2.2, 11.2.5, 11.3.1, 11.3.2, 11.3.3, 11.3.4, 11.3.5, 11.3.6, 11.3.7, 11.3.8, 11.3.9, 11.3.10, 11.3.12, 11.3.13, 11.3.14,

11.3.15, 11.3.16, 11.3.17, 11.3.18, 11.3.19, 11.3.20, 11.3.23, 11.3.25, 11.3.26, 11.3.27, 11.3.28, 11.3.29, 11.3.30, 11.3.32, 11.3.33, 11.3.34, 11.3.35,

11.3.36, 11.3.37, 11.3.38, 11.3.39, 11.4.2, 11.4.3, 11.4.5, 11.4.7, 11.4.8, 11.4.9, 11.4.10, 11.4.12, 11.4.13, 11.5.1, 11.5.2, 11.5.3, 11.5.4, 11.5.5, 11.5.7,

11.5.8, 11.5.9, 11.5.12, 11.5.13, 11.5.14, 11.5.16, 11.5.17, 11.5.20, 11.5.21, 11.7.1, 11.7.2, 11.7.3, 11.7.4, 11.7.6, 11.7.7, 11.8.1, 11.8.2, 11.8.4, 11.8.5,

11.8.8, 11.8.9, 11.8.11, 11.8.12, 11.8.14, 11.8.15, 11.9.1, 11.9.2, 11.9.3, 11.9.5, 11.9.6, 11.9.7, 11.9.9, 11.9.10, 11.9.13, 11.9.14, 11.10.1, 11.10.2, 11.10.4,

11.10.5, 11.10.6, 11.10.7, 11.10.9, 11.10.11, 11.10.12, 11.10.13, 11.11.1, 11.11.2, 11.11.3, 11.11.4, 11.11.6, 11.11.7, 11.11.8, 11.11.9, 11.11.10, 11.11.11,

11.11.12, 11.11.13, 11.11.14, 11.11.15, 11.11.16, 11.11.17, 11.11.19, 11.11.20, 11.12.1, 11.12.2, 11.12.3, 11.12.5, 11.12.6, 11.12.7, 11.12.8, 11.12.9,

11.12.10, 11.12.11, 11.12.12, 11.12.13, 11.12.14, 11.12.16, 11.12.17, 11.12.19, 11.12.20, 11.12.21, 12.2.4, 12.2.5, 12.2.6, 12.2.7, 12.2.8, 12.2.9, 12.2.10,

12.2.11, 12.3.1, 12.3.2, 12.3.3, 12.3.4, 12.3.5, 12.3.6, 12.3.7, 12.3.9, 12.3.10, 12.3.11, 12.3.12, 12.3.14, 12.3.15, 12.3.16, 12.3.17, 12.3.18, 12.3.19,

12.3.20, 12.3.21, 12.5.1, 12.5.2, 12.5.3, 12.5.4, 12.5.5, 12.5.6, 12.5.7, 12.5.8, 12.5.10, 12.5.11, 12.5.12, 12.7.1, 12.7.2, 12.8.1, 12.8.2, 12.8.8, 12.8.9,

12.8.10, 12.8.11, 12.8.12, 12.8.14, 12.8.16, 12.8.17, 12.8.19, 12.8.20, 12.8.23, 12.8.24, 12.8.25, 12.8.26, 12.9-10.1, 12.9-10.2, 12.9-10.3, 12.9-10.4,

12.9-10.5, 12.9-10.6, 12.9-10.7, 12.9-10.8, 12.9-10.9, 12.9-10.12, 12.9-10.13, 12.9-10.14, 12.9-10.17, 12.9-10.18, 12.9-10.19, 12.9-10.20, 12.9-10.21,

12.9-10.23, 12.9-10.24, 12.9-10.25, 12.9-10.26, 12.9-10.28, 12.9-10.29, 12.11.2, 12.11.3, 12.11.5, 12.11.6, 12.11.7, 12.11.8, 12.11.9, 12.11.14, 12.11.15,

12.11.16, 12.11.17, 12.11.18, 12.11.19, 12.11.20, 12.11.21, 12.11.22, 12.11.23, 12.11.24, 12.11.25, 12.11.26, 12.11.27, 12.11.28, 12.12.2, 12.12.3,

12.12.4, 12.12.5, 12.12.6, 12.12.7, 12.12.8, 12.12.9, 12.12.11, 12.12.12, 12.12.14, 12.12.15, 12.12.20, 12.12.21, 12.12.22, 12.12.23, 12.12.24, 12.12.25,

12.12.26, 12.12.27, 12.12.28, 13.3.1, 13.3.2, 13.3.3, 13.3.4, 13.3.5, 13.3.7, 13.9.2, 13.11.1, 13.11.2, 13.11.3, 13.11.4, 13.11.5, 13.11.6, 13.11.8, 13.12.1,

13.12.2, 13.12.3, 13.12.4, 13.12.5, 13.12.8, 13.12.9, 13.12.10

1843 2.1.1, 2.1.2, 2.1.3, 2.1.4, 2.1.5, 3.1.1, 3.1.2, 3.1.3, 3.1.4, 3.1.5, 3.1.6, 7.1.1, 7.1.2, 7.1.3, 8.1.1, 8.1.2, 8.1.3, 8.1.4, 11.1.1, 11.1.2, 11.1.3, 11.1.4, 12.1.2,

12.1.3

1867 2.1.1, 2.1.4, 2.1.5, 3.1.6, 7.1.2, 7.1.3, 8.1.2, 8.1.3, 8.1.4, 11.1.1, 11.1.2, 11.1.3, 12.1.2, 12.1.3.

Vegetation management report, Department of Natural Resources, Mines and Energy, 2018 Page 12 3.6 Protected plants (administered by the Department of Environment and Science (DES))

In Queensland, all plants that are native to Australia are protected plants under the Nature Conservation Act 1992 (NCA), with clearing of protected plants in the wild regulated by the Nature Conservation (Wildlife Management) Regulation 2006. These requirements apply irrespective of the classification of the vegetation under the Vegetation Management Act 1999.

Prior to clearing, if the plants proposed to be cleared are in the wild (see Operational policy: When a protected plant in Queensland is considered to be 'in the wild') and the exemptions under the Nature Conservation (Wildlife Management) Regulation 2006 are not applicable to the proposed clearing, you must check the flora survey trigger map to determine if any part of the area to be cleared is within a high risk area. The trigger map for this property is provided in section 5.5. The exemptions relate to: • imminent risk of death or serious injury (refer s261A) • imminent risk of serious damage to a building or other structure on land, or to personal property (refer s261B) • Fire and Emergency Service Act 1990 (refer 261C) • previously cleared areas (refer s261ZB) • maintenance activities (refer s261ZC) • firebreak or fire management line (refer s261ZD) • accepted development vegetation clearing code (refer s261ZE) • conservation purposes (refer s261ZG) • authorised in particular circumstances (refer s385).

Some exemptions under the NCA are the same as exempt clearing work (formerly known as exemptions) from the Vegetation Management Act 1999 (i.e. listed in the Planning Regulations 2017) while some are different.

If the proposed area to be cleared is shown as blue (i.e. high risk) on the flora survey trigger map, a flora survey of the clearing impact area must be undertaken in accordance with the flora survey guidelines. The main objective of a flora survey is to locate any endangered, vulnerable or near threatened plants (EVNT plants) that may be present in the clearing impact area.

If a flora survey identifies that EVNT plants are not present within the clearing impact area or clearing within 100m of EVNT plants can be avoided, the clearing activity is exempt from a permit. An exempt clearing notification form must be submitted to the Department of Environment and Science, with a copy of the flora survey report, at least one week prior to clearing. The clearing must be conducted within two years after the flora survey report was submitted.

If a flora survey identifies that EVNT plants are present in, or within 100m of, the area to be cleared, a clearing permit is required before any clearing is undertaken. The flora survey report, as well as an impact management report, must be submitted with the application form clearing permit.

In an area other than a high risk area, a clearing permit is only required where a person is, or becomes aware that EVNT plants are present in, or within 100m of, the area to be cleared. You must keep a copy of the flora survey trigger map for the area subject to clearing for five years from the day the clearing starts. If you do not clear within the 12 month period that the flora survey trigger map was printed, you need to print and check a new flora survey trigger map.

Further information on protected plants is available at http://www.ehp.qld.gov.au/licences-permits/plants-animals/protected-plants/

For assistance on the protected plants flora survey trigger map for this property, please contact the Department of Environment and Science at [email protected].

3.7 Emissions Reduction Fund (ERF)

The ERF is an Australian Government scheme which offers incentives for businesses and communities across the economy to reduce emissions.

Under the ERF, landholders can earn money from activities such as planting (and keeping) trees, managing regrowth vegetation and adopting more sustainable agricultural practices.

The purpose of a project is to remove greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. Each project will provide new economic opportunities for farmers, forest growers and land managers.

Further information on ERF is available at https://www.qld.gov.au/environment/land/state/use/carbon-rights/.

Vegetation management report, Department of Natural Resources, Mines and Energy, 2018 Page 13 4. Contact information for DNRME

For further information on vegetation management: Phone 135VEG (135 834) Email [email protected] Visit www.dnrme.qld.gov.au/our-department/contact-us/vegetation-contacts to submit an online enquiry.

For contact details for other State and Commonwealth agencies, please see Section 6.

Vegetation management report, Department of Natural Resources, Mines and Energy, 2018 Page 14 5. Maps

The maps included in this report may also be requested individually at: https://www.dnrme.qld.gov.au/qld/environment/land/vegetation/vegetation-map-request-form and http://www.ehp.qld.gov.au/licences-permits/plants-animals/protected-plants/map-request.php

Regulated vegetation management map The regulated vegetation management map shows vegetation categories needed to determine clearing requirements. These maps are updated monthly to show new property maps of assessable vegetation (PMAV).

Vegetation management supporting map The vegetation management supporting map provides information on regional ecosystems, wetlands, watercourses and essential habitat.

Coastal/non coastal map The coastal/non-coastal map confirms whether the lot, or which parts of the lot, are considered coastal or non-coastal for the purposes of the accepted development vegetation clearing codes and the State Development Assessment Provisions (SDAP).

Protected plants map The protected plants map shows areas where particular provisions of the Nature Conservation Act 1992 apply to the clearing of protected plants.

Vegetation management report, Department of Natural Resources, Mines and Energy, 2018 Page 15 5.1 Regulated vegetation management map

Vegetation management report, Department of Natural Resources, Mines and Energy, 2018 Page 16 5.2 Vegetation management supporting map

Vegetation management report, Department of Natural Resources, Mines and Energy, 2018 Page 17 5.3 Coastal/non coastal map

Vegetation management report, Department of Natural Resources, Mines and Energy, 2018 Page 18 5.4 Protected plants map administered by DES

Vegetation management report, Department of Natural Resources, Mines and Energy, 2018 Page 19 6. Other relevant legislation contacts list

Activity Legislation Agency Contact details

Interference with overland flow Water Act 2000 Department of Natural Resources, Ph: 13 QGOV (13 74 68) Earthworks, significant disturbance Soil Conservation Act 1986 Mines and Energy www.dnrme.qld.gov.au (Queensland Government)

Indigenous Cultural Heritage Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Act Department of Aboriginal and Ph: 13 QGOV (13 74 68) 2003 Torres Strait Islander Partnerships www.datsip.qld.gov.au Torres Strait Islander Cultural (Queensland Government) Heritage Act 2003

Mining and environmentally Environmental Protection Act 1994 Department of Environment and Ph: 13 QGOV (13 74 68) relevant activities Coastal Protection and Science www.des.qld.gov.au Infrastructure development Management Act 1995 (Queensland Government) (coastal) Queensland Heritage Act 1992 Heritage issues Nature Conservation Act 1992 Protected plants and protected areas¹

Interference with fish passage in a Fisheries Act 1994 Department of Agriculture and Ph: 13 QGOV (13 74 68) watercourse, mangroves Forestry Act 1959 Fisheries www.daf.qld.gov.au Forestry activities² (Queensland Government)

Matters of National Environmental Environment Protection and Department of the Environment Ph: 1800 803 772 Significance including listed Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Australian Government) www.environment.gov.au threatened species and ecological communities

Development and planning Planning Act 2016 Department of State Development, Ph: 13 QGOV (13 74 68) processes State Development and Public Manufacturing, Infrastructure and www.dsdmip.qld.gov.au Works Organisation Act 1971 Planning (Queensland Government)

Local government requirements Local Government Act 2009 Department of Local Government, Ph: 13 QGOV (13 74 68) Racing and Multicultural Affairs Your relevant local government (Queensland Government) office

1. In Queensland, all plants that are native to Australia are protected plants under the Nature Conservation Act 1992, which endeavours to ensure that protected plants (whether whole plants or protected plants parts) are not illegally removed from the wild, or illegally traded. Prior to clearing, you should check the flora survey trigger map to determine if the clearing is within a high-risk area by visiting www.des.qld.gov.au. For further information or assistance on the protected plants flora survey trigger map for your property, please contact the Department of Environment and Science on 13QGOV (13 74 68) or email [email protected].

2. Contact the Department of Agriculture and Fisheries before clearing: • Any sandalwood on state-owned land (including leasehold land) • On freehold land in a 'forest consent area' • More than five hectares on state-owned land (including leasehold land) containing commercial timber species listed in parts 2 or 3 of Schedule 6 of the Vegetation Management Regulation 2012 and located within any of the following local government management areas-Banana, Bundaberg Regional, Fraser Coast Regional, Gladstone Regional, Isaac Regional, North Burnett Regional, Somerset Regional, South Burnett Regional, Southern Downs Regional, Tablelands Regional, Toowoomba Regional, Western Downs Regional.

Vegetation management report, Department of Natural Resources, Mines and Energy, 2018 Page 20 BMT has a proven record in addressing today’s engineering and environmental issues. Our dedication to developing innovative approaches and solutions enhances our ability to meet our client’s most challenging needs.

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