INFOKARA RESEARCH ISSN NO: 1021-9056 UPCYCLYING CLOTHES OF JUTE INTO TRENDY GARMENTS, REVERSIBLE T- FOR LADIES WITH BOAT NECK WITH FASHIONABLE TRANSPARENT MESH

Mrs. D.Anita Rachel., B.E., M.Tech., (Ph.D.)1, Assistant Professors, Department of Apparel Manufacturing and Merchandising, NIFT – TEA COLLEGE OF KNITWEAR , Tirupur – 641 606 and Research Scholar Department of Rural Industries and Management , Gandhi gram Rural Institute-Deemed University, Gandhi gram – Dindigul

NAVEEN PRASATH G. (1726P0025),NIRMAL T.S. (1726P0026), DINESH S. (1726P0014) III year B.Sc. (AMM) , NIFT – TEA COLLEGE OF KNITWEAR FASHION, Tirupur – 641 606.

Abstract:

An Idea For Developing Trendy Garments In Different Material Jute is a long, soft, shiny vegetable fiber that can be spun into coarse, strong threads. It is produced primarily from plants in the genus Corchorus, which was once classified with the family Tiliaceae, and more recently with Malvaceae. The primary source of the fiber is Corchorusolitorius, but it is considered inferior to Corchoruscapsularis."Jute" is the name of the plant or fiber used to make burlap, hessian or gunny cloth. Jute is one of the most affordable natural fibers, and second only to cotton in the amount produced and variety of uses. Jute fibers are composed primarily of the plant materials cellulose and lignin. It falls into the bast fiber category (fiber collected from bast, the phloem of the plant, sometimes called the "skin") along with kenaf, industrial hemp, flax (linen), ramie, etc. The industrial term for jute fiber is raw jute. The fibers are off-white to brown, and 1–4 metres (3–13 feet) long. Jute is also called the golden fiber for its color and high cash value. Cultivation.

Jute

A Jute field in Bangladesh.

Uses

Making twine, rope, and matting are among its uses.

In combination with sugar, the possibility of using jute to build aeroplane panels has been considered. Jute is in great demand due to its cheapness, softness, length, lustre and uniformity of its fiber. It is called the 'brown paper bag' as it is also the most used product in gunny sacks to store rice, wheat, grains, etc. It is also called the 'golden fiber' due to its versatile nature.Fibers

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Jute has many advantages as a home textile, either replacing cotton or blending with it. It is a strong, durable, color and light-fast fiber. Its UV protection, sound and heat insulation, low thermal conduction and anti-static properties make it a wise choice in home décor. Also, fabrics made of jute fibers are carbon-dioxide neutral and naturally decomposable. These properties are also why jute can be used in high performance technical textiles. Moreover, jute can be grown in 4–6 months with a huge amount of cellulose being produced from the jute hurd (inner woody core or parenchyma of the jute stem) that can meet most of the wood needs of the world. Jute is the major crop among others that is able to protect deforestation by industrialisation Thus, jute is the most environment-friendly fiber starting from the seed to expired fiber, as the expired fibers can be recycled more than once.

BENEFITS:

Jute fabric presents a lot of benefits due to its wonderful property, pollution free environment and especially contributes to a sustainable development. This biodegradable material has a high moisture retention capacity and fire resistant properties too. It is usually used as geotextile.

1. Cleansing the Air

Studies have shown that 1 hectare of jute cultivation can absorb up to 15 tons of carbon dioxide and release 11 tons of oxygen during the jute growing process (about 100 days) a benefit for our environment and planet, for a green and sustainable development.

2. Reducing Environmental Pollution

Jute fabric is the best alternative to stop toxic wastes. Plastic bags are being substituted by jute bags, to prevent environment from pollution. Plastic bags have been effectively banned in India and in many other countries due to their harmful components.

3. Lowers the Burden From Natural Oil Reserves

Plastic and poly bags are made from petroleum. Petroleum resources are depleting very fast, which results in an increase in petroleum price and inflation rate.

4. High Production Level compared to Cotton

Jute has high capacity production. Jute can be harvested every 4 or 6 months and can produce between 20 and 40 tonnes per hectare. Compared to cotton, the fastest growing trees take between 10 and 14 years to mature. In addition, trees only produce between 8 to 12 tons of cotton per hectare annually. This is why jute is the best and cheaper option.

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5. Can Save Millions of Trees Worldwide

Every year hundreds of thousands of trees are cut for paper and furniture industries. If we opt for bags and furniture made of jute, we may save millions of trees. The increasing level of awareness about the environment and the benefits of jute, leads more and more people to select jute and make their lifestyle more green and eco-friendly. Not only using jute bags, but also using craft, decorative items, , carpets, , webbing, handcrafts... in jute. Geotextile and jute fabrics for construction are highly requested too.

Reversible garment

A reversible garment is a garment that can be worn two ways. There is no true "inside out" to a reversible garment, since either way, it gives a fashionable appearance.Garments that are commonly made reversible include , , vests, , , , and . Reversible garments have some features unlike other types of garments, such as thicker overall fabric (since two fabric are often sewn together), on both sides (in garments that have buttons), different types of stitching, and no tags. Ancient shepherds used to have reversible garments with a warm side that they would wear when the weather was cold, and a cool side when the weather was hot.

A sketch of a boat neck by David Ring for the European Fashion project

BOAT NECK T-SHIRT

A boat neck, also called a bateau neck or Sabrina neckline, is a wide neckline that runs horizontally, front and back, almost to the shoulder points, across the collarbone. It is traditionally used in nautically inspired sweaters and knitwear but is also featured in more elegant cocktail and eveningwear. The style derives from sailors or sweaters, often with wide navy and white horizontal stripes.

History A striped boat neck shirt was used in sailors' by the French Navy in 1858. The wide, plain neck was said to facilitate quick removal if a sailor were to fall overboard. The style was adopted by the Russians and other navies in the following years. It came into prominence in fashion in the 1920s, and was popularised by Coco Chanel in the '30s. In the '50s and '60s plain boat neck shirts were worn by artists, and became associated with beatnik culture. A French sailor in the 1880s wearing a striped boat neck shirt

Striped boat neck shirtBoat necks became more prominent in fashion in the 2010s as Meghan Markle was photographed wearing them, in what some magazines claimed was a signature style.

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Power Mesh fabric

What Is Mesh Fabric? There are a few different versions of mesh fabric, but this type of fabric is typified by its lightweight heft and permeable texture. Unlike most types of fabric, which feature closely-woven textures, mesh is woven loosely, which results in thousands of tiny holes being present in each mesh garment. The idea of mesh has been around for thousands of years; for instance, every type of net in existence is made from mesh, and this material has also been used to make items like hammocks. However, it wasn't until the end of the 19th century that textile innovators started using mesh for apparel. British mill owner Lewis Haslam came up with the idea to use mesh for fabric when he was out for a walk with his aunt in cold weather. He noticed that her gloves were riddled with holes, but when he questioned her about them, she maintained that her hands were still warm.

How Much Does Mesh Fabric Cost? The price of mesh fabric depends both on the type of material that is used and the style of mesh that is woven. For instance, undyed mesh that is woven in a simple square pattern is relatively inexpensive, but brightly-dyed mesh that is woven in a hexagonal Tulle pattern costs more to make, so it is more expensive to garment producers and the end consumer. If a certain type of mesh, such as Tulle, is made from silk, it will cost more than mesh fabric made from a synthetic material. However, nylon and polyester are roughly equal in price. It's also important to remember that purchasing mesh fabric from a factory in a Western nation may cost more than buying mesh from China, India, Pakistan, or Indonesia.

How Is Mesh Fabric Made? Mesh fabric is made with a variety of different techniques depending on the type of fiber from which it is composed. While nylon and polyester are very similar in a number of ways, polyester was developed a few decades after nylon, which means that the production of this synthetic material follows significantly more advanced manufacturing processes. Though the processes used to make these two types of fabric fibers differ, for each type of fiber, the process begins with the refining of petroleum oil. Polyamide monomers are then extracted from this oil, and these monomers are then reacted with various forms of acid to make polymers.

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These polymers are usually solid after they are reacted, and they are then melted and forced through spinnerets to make polymer strands. Once these strands have cooled, they can be loaded onto spools and shipped to textile manufacturing facilities to be made into mesh fabric. In most cases, manufacturers of mesh fabric will dye their polyester or nylon fibers before they weave them into fabric. Textile manufacturers can then weave these fibers in a number of different ways to create various forms of mesh. Many types of mesh, for instance, follow a basic square pattern that has proven itself effective over thousands of years. More contemporary forms of mesh, however, such as Tulle, may be woven with a hexagonal structure.

There are a few different types of mesh fabric, and there are also multiple terms that are used to refer the same mesh fabric variant: • Polyester mesh: Most types of meshes used in sportswear and athletic apparel are made from polyester. This type of fabric is incredibly lightweight, and it has a noticeable ability to wick moisture. Unlike other types of fabric, polyester mesh does not get bogged down with sweat, and it is highly breathable. • Nylon mesh: One of the most iconic applications of nylon mesh is in beekeeping . This type of mesh is less commonly used to make apparel, and it is more frequently used to make items like tent screens and laundry bags. However, nylon mesh is sometimes used to make lightweight garments like evening dresses. • Tulle: This type of mesh is most frequently used in brightly-colored dance garments as an accent. In some cases, tulle may be made from silk, which mitigates the environmental impact of this type of mesh fabric. However, it's far more common to find tulle made from polyester or nylon, and this fabric is commonly bunched to generate a textured appearance. Camouflage Mesh River Island Mesh fabric Sequin and bead embellishment Kimono In addition, the production of nylon requires a substance called adipic acid, and the manufacture of this chemical releases nitrous oxide into the atmosphere, which scientists have identified as being 300 times worse for the environment than CO2. Even if these fabrics are disposed of properly, they will eventually reenter the ecosystem. There is no way to stop this pollution from occurring once polyester or nylon fabrics are made; the only way to reduce this effect is to produce fewer garments made with these fabrics.

Mesh Fabric Certifications Available There are a variety of different certifications offered for variants of mesh fabric. For instance, if it can be established that this type of fabric is made from 100 percent recycled materials, it's possible to receive certification from the Global Recycle Standard (GRS), which is a global certification organization that oversees the production of recycled textiles and other forms of consumer products. There are also a few regulatory certifications offered for mesh fabric that isn't recycled. For instance, you may notice certain bulk mesh fabric producers labeling their products as "ISO 9001," which is a certification provided by the International Organization for Standardization. This organization provides a number of regulatory rules for the

Volume 9 Issue 1 2020 803 http://infokara.com/ INFOKARA RESEARCH ISSN NO: 1021-9056 production of synthetic textiles to assure that businesses and consumers receive items that are of standard quality no matter where they are sourced.

An organization called the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) takes things one step further by providing

American companies with certification that integrates ISO requirements and also lays down a number of other standardization principles. Since mesh fabric is almost always made from synthetic materials, it is not usually eligible for organic certification from the United States Department of Agriculture or a similar organization. Conclusion: Under the strict regulations placed upon employers by the introduction of legislation, such as the Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) at Work Regulation (European Union), it is necessary to ensure that protective clothing is adequate for meeting anticipated hazards and is used effectively. The clothing must be well designed and comfortable to wear. Protective clothing, considered as an integral part of PPE, is covered by the Personal Protective Equipment Directive (Directive 89/686/EEC) and is divided into three categories: Category I – ‘Simple’-designed Personal Protective Equipment. This covers exclusively PPE intended to protect the wearer against: •mechanical actions with superficial effects, •cleaning materials with mild and easily reversible effects, •risks encountered during the handling of hot components not exposing the user to a temperature exceeding 50 °C,dangerous impacts which do not affect vital areas of the body and cannot cause irreversible lesions. Category II – ‘Intermediate’-designed Personal Protective Equipment –PPE that is neither simple nor complex, for example, high-visibility clothing. Category III – ‘Complex’-designed Personal Protective Equipment –PPE intended to protect against life-threatening dangers, or dangers which may pose a serious and irreversible threat to the health of an individual, the immediate effects of which cannot be identified in sufficient time, and covers exclusively: •respiratory protection devices providing full insulation from the atmosphere, including those for use in diving; •PPE providing only limited protection against chemical attack or ionising radiation; Reference:

1) Houghton Mifflin Company; Webster (1999). Webster's II New College Dictionary. Houghton Mifflin Company. p. 949. ISBN 9780395962145. Retrieved 2015-04-05. 2) ^ "Multi reversible garment - Salem, Tamara". freepatentsonline.com. Retrieved 2015-04-05. 3) ^ "Patents - Mix, Match. Mix, Match. Keep Going. - NYTimes.com". nytimes.com. Retrieved 2015-04-05. 4) ^ Zapp, A. (2004). The Zapp Method of Couture Sewing: Tailor Garments Easily Using Any Pattern. Krause Publications. pp. 2–77. ISBN 9780873496810. Retrieved2015-04-05. 5) ^ https://books.google.com/books?id%3D6gM9qmMOcW8C%26pg%3DPA44%26dq%3D%2522reversible%2 Bgarment%2522%26lr%3D%26as_brr%3D3%26ie%3DISO-8859-1%26output%3Dhtml. Retrieved October 18, 2009. Missing or empty |title= (help)[dead link] 6) ^ McKane, W. (2000). Jeremiah: Volume 2: 26-52. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 1059. ISBN 9780567097323. Retrieved 2015-04-05.

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