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The Silence of Women in Toni Morrison's Paradise Zanyar Kareem Abdul

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The Silence of Women in Toni Morrison's Paradise Zanyar Kareem Abdul International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 5, Issue 7, July-2014 1266 ISSN 2229-5518 The Silence of Women in Toni Morrison's Paradise Zanyar Kareem Abdul MA in English Literature University of Sulaimany Abstract: Paradise (1997) is a Nobel-Prize novel which completes the trilogy including Beloved (1987) Jazz (1992). Morrison in Paradise depicts a vivid portrayal of women who live in a Convent in the town Ruby (Oklahoma). The conflict is between these women and the men who run the Convent. Throughout the story, the treatment of the women is noticed which denotes the patriarchal society that they live in, disturbing their own freedom and choices. The novels of Morrison are basically a focus on black women rather than a feminist approach. Morrison deliberates these concerns of sexual oppression, patriarchal society, and racist issue; but she doesn’t allow them to control over her whole experience. Key words: conflict, black women , patriarchy, sexual oppression, racism. 1 Introduction feminist tract. I don't subscribe to patriarchy, and I don't think it should be substituted with matriarchy. I think it's a question of Toni Morrison is born in Ohio, United States of America in 1931. equitable access, and opening doors to all sorts of things.'' ( Jaffrey, She is a very well-known feminist writer in America and a Nobel 1998) Prize winner. In her literary life, she is occupied by Virginia Woolf and Leo Tolstoy. Her famous first novel is The Bluest Eyes in (1970), 2 Portrayal of women then Sula (1974) and Song of Solomon (1977) where she is described Hooks in Feminist Theory from Margin to Centre (1984) defines in Baltimore Sum as ''at the top of her form, uniting meticulous feminism politically "a movement to end sexist oppression'' (26) craftsmanship of early works like The Bluest Eyes and Sula with While it is defined culturally by Showalter in Towards a Feminist the magical realism and deep moral insight''. Her works are Poetics (1985) as ''it is a self-conscious interest in and celebration of considered significantly in American modern literature; the values, beliefs, ideas, and behaviour uniquely, or traditionally Brownworth states that Morrison IJSERis "who in novels characterized characteristics of women'' (131). In general, feminists have been by visionary force and poetic import, gives life to an essential trying to find out the reasons why and the way power can be aspect of American reality." (Many Faces of Slavery, 2008). shared with women: this is besides of cultural values, beliefs, and social or political equality under high concern to be achieved for Paradise (1997) is a Nobel-Prize novel which completes the trilogy women. including Beloved (1987) Jazz (1992). Morrison in Paradise depicts a vivid portrayal of women who live in a Convent in the town Ruby Black women, are on the top of the discussion, whom they suffer (Oklahoma). The conflict is between these women and the men in accomplishing what is being called ''womanhood''. They abhor who run the Convent. Each chapter is given under the name of sexist and racist oppression; they want their unique way to female characters: the women who live in the Convent are Mavis, practice ''womanhood", regardless to gender and race, Denard Grace, Consolata, Seneca, and Pallas. While the townswomen who states ''for black women, their concern with feminism is usually have their own chapters are Patricia, Lone, and Save-Marie. more group-centered than self-centered, more cultural than political. As a result, they tend to be concerned more with the Throughout the story, the treatment of the women is noticed particular female cultural values of their own ethnic group rather which denotes the patriarchal society where they live in, than with those of women in general. They advocate what may be disturbing their own freedom and choices. The novels of called ethnic cultural feminism'' (171). ( What Moves at the Margin, 2008) Morrison are basically a focus on black women rather than a Morrison's development of the female characters is similar in a feministic approach; she has confirmed '' it's off-putting to some way most of black female writers deal with feminism. Morrison readers, who may feel that I'm involved in writing some kind of deliberates these concerns of sexist oppression, patriarchal society, IJSER © 2014 http://www.ijser.org International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 5, Issue 7, July-2014 1267 ISSN 2229-5518 and racist issue; but she doesn’t allow them to control over her way. She has effective images of women and their exploitation in whole experience. She doesn’t provide a solution for the women the society. issues; she presents the problem only that relates to women or one might argue she questions these issues to some extent as Denard The silence of these women in Ruby is another major issue which further debates that ''Morrison is more concerned with celebrating is very difficult to hear a woman answering or having own the unique feminine cultural values that black women have opinion towards the men, they rather shows her pitiable developed in spite of and often because of their oppression. For as agreement with silence or nodding; even though sometimes they ethnic cultural feminist, it is a feminism that encourages allegiance do not need to understand when they are talking to: to rather than an alienation from ethnic group that she ultimately ''I don’t understand, Deek.'' wants to achieve'' (172). ''I do.'' He smiled up at her. ''you don’t need to''. Morrison starts her novel Paradise in a horrifying manner ''They shoot the white girl first. With the rest they can take their time. No She had not meant that she didn’t understand what he was talking need to hurry out there.'' (3) What comes to reader's mind at the about. She'd meant she didn’t understand why he wasn't worried very beginning of the novel are: the treatment of women and the enough by their friends' money problem to help them out.'' (107) gender discrimination of black and white women which the latter This vision of women given in Paradise is more akin to Buchi is the core theme of Morrison's writing, ''in her novels, Morrison Emecheta's, a female African writer, novel The Bride Price (1976) in begins her search by addressing what is most intimate and which she deals with all female characters by showing their meaningful to her- the black family- and then broadens her scope doubtful existence of being. Aku-nna, the protagonist, experiences to the black community, regions of the United States, foreign lands the same patriarchal society like the Morrisons' characters; they and alien culture, history and reality'' (Heinze, 12) are being exploited by men as the male-ego of male characters here in these two novels are succinctly depicted: women are The first chapter is named Ruby who is one of the women in created for serving their lord-husband. Being obedient and Oklahoma, after her death they name the place Ruby as a memory. submissive are the typical women of that time. However, Aku-nna Morrison artistically creates an image in reader's mind which is dies at the end of the novel which is a happy moment for her as full of darkness, gloominess, and emptiness when one realizes it is she can escape from the society, male dominated society. So as two not a suitable place for human beings; womanhood is ignored in black novelists, Emecheta and Morrison share the same view of Ruby ''there is no window'' ''at each end of the hall is a bathroom. IJSERtreating women. As each man enters one. Either is working his jaws because both believe they are prepared for anything. In one bathroom, the Escapism is not easy to be achieved for these women from the ill- biggest, the taps are two small and dowdy for the wide sink. The managed society, death can be the only beam of hope to be away bathtub rests on the backs of four mermaids- their tails split wide and rest forever. Consolota, one of the female characters in the for the tube's security. Their breasts arched for stability. The tile Convent, has wished to die many times ''in the good clean underfoot is bottle green. A Modess box is on the toilet tank and a darkness of the cellar, Consolota woke to the wrenching bucket of soiled things stands nearby. There is no toilet paper'' ( disappointment of not having died the night before…each night Paradise ,9).The townsmen are all described as rigid and severe she sank into sleep determined it would be the final one'' (221) creatures that they enjoy watching the pain of these women and Consolota and Aku-nna both share same features, to some extent, their bitter life. It is note-worthy that Morrison depicts the hunger in the way being treated by surrounding male characters. of these men, using the women for fulfilling sexual pleasure, Furthermore, virginity is another issue for black community as a rather raping would be a term here ''Mavis tried not to stiffen as reason, Aku-nna's first man whom he is in love with leaves her Frank made a settling-down noises on the mattress. Did he have due to the statement that she is not virgin anymore which brings his shorts on? If she knew that she would know whether he was black mark on her personality. Consolata is not virgin as well, looking to have sex, but she couldn't find out without touching which also leads a black scare on her name and obliged to do him''.
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