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David Michael Karl the MAN BEHIND the SCIENCE Noelo DELVE SEEK OUT VERIFY David Michael Karl THE MAN BEHIND THE SCIENCE RESEARCH AND INNOVATI ON AT THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI‘I - 2020 Delve. Delve. Verify. Seek. MESSAGE FROM THE VICE PRESIDENT University of Throughout history, the world has faced numerous Hawai‘i System health crises that have tested the mettle and resolve of its citizens — the Spanish flu, measles, polio, HIV/AIDS, David Lassner, PhD SARS and Ebola. Today, our world is confronted by the President COVID-19 pandemic, an unprecedented health crisis Vassilis L. Syrmos, PhD Vice President for that has rapidly spread across continents, overwhelmed Research and Innovation modern health care systems and caused widespread disruption of the global economy. NOELO, WHICH MEANS “to delVE, SEEK OUT OR verify” IN HAWAIIAN, IS Hawai‘i with its heavy dependency on tourism, is now at an economic crossroad. with high hotel THE RESEARCH MAGAZINE vacancies, idled tour operations and restricted air travel, other businesses such as restaurants and OF THE UNIVERSITY OF retail stores are also suffering from almost non-existent visitor counts. even after a vaccine for HAWai‘i SYSTEM PUBLISHED ANNUALLY BY THE OFFICE COVId-19 is developed or the effects of the disease are mitigated, the “new normal” may suggest OF THE VICE PRESIDENT FOR that changes to the travel industry and in visitor habits could result in smaller or diminishing RESEARCH AND INNOVATION. returns from the state’s primary industry. economic diversification is not only key to Hawai‘i’s economic recovery from the pandemic, PROJECT MANAGER it is also vital to its long-term economic stability and health. As one of five priorities set forth EDITOR ERIC R. MATSUNAGA in its Strategic directions, 2015-2021, the University of Hawai‘i (UH) embarked on an initiative Manager, Research and to energize economic development through the commercialization of UH-based research and Administrative Operations innovation. By pivoting the focus of its world-class, cutting-edge research enterprise to better Office of the Vice President for Research and Innovation address critical areas of importance, including: health and wellness, climate change, food and water security, energy, cybersecurity, big data and other areas of growth — UH continues to DESIGN collaborate with various stakeholders in industry, government and business to diversify the state’s OSHIRO DESIGN, LLC economy through startup and entrepreneurial activity necessary for the development of this new For more information, contact: economic sector and its associated workforce. Eric R. Matsunaga As we all continue to battle this world-wide health crisis, it is understandable that medical Office of the Vice President for Research and Innovation research has been thrust into the forefront of public awareness. However, UH faculty and students University of Hawai‘i are continuously pursuing other equally important 2425 Campus Road areas of research to help improve lives in our state, Sinclair 10 Honolulu, HI 96822 our nation, the world and perhaps — even in space. (808) 956-5588 In this issue of Noelo, please take a look and enjoy a [email protected] brief snapshot of our valuable research to see what www.hawaii.edu/research/ makes the University of Hawai‘i — like no place else The University of Hawai‘i is an on earth. equal opportunity/affirmative action institution. FACING PAGE: Aerial view of Sumida Farm. CRedIt: CORey ROtHwell Vassilis L. Syrmos, PhD Vice President for Research and Innovation University of Hawai‘i System Delve. Delve. Verify. Seek. FEATURES In This Issue COVER PHOTO: David Karl on the R/V Kilo Moana during HOT-300, February 2018. CRedIt: RyAN TabatA ASTRONOMY AND SPACE EXPLORATION ASTRONOMY AND SPACE EXPLORATION 4 Water and Habitability 8 HI STAR Program Garners THE HUNT FOR EARth’s ORIGINS High-Five Results OCEAN AND CLIMATE SCIENCE 10 David Michael Karl THE MAN BEHIND THE SCIENCE OCEAN AND CLIMATE SCIENCE HeAltH AnD WellneSS 12 UH Marine Operations 14 3D Scanning for Better A NEXUS OF RESEARCH, INNOVATION Health on Earth and AND COLLABORATION Possibly… in Space SUSTAINABLE ECOSYSTEMS AND ENERGY 16 Iconic Watercress Farm Aids UH Sustainability Research 2 | Research and Innovation at the University of Hawai‘i DIgItAl econOmy AnD CIVIl InfrastruCture SeCurIty DIgItAl econOmy AnD CIVIl InfrastruCture SeCurIty 19 UH Mānoa’s 22 GenCyber Hawai‘i Ambient Lab PREPARING TODAy’s YOUTH TO PROTECT TOMORRow’s CYBER FUTURE SHAPING THE FUTURE OF INTERACTIVE COMPUTING INNovatIOn 24 Cultural Entrepreneurship in Action KAUA‘i COMMUNITY COLLEGE PUTTING THEORY INTO PRACTICE InnovatIOn 28 Red Hill: UH Lends its Expertise to an Engineering Marvel InnovatIOn 26 Harnessing Algae for Natural Color and Sustenance UH West O‘ahu 32 Creative Media Facility to Shine Brightly NOelO 2020 | 3 ASTRONOMYASTRONOMY AANDND SSPPAACECE EXPLORXPLORATIONATION Water and Habitability THE HUNT FOR EARTH’S ORIGINS No oNe kNows how water — the well- planet birth around other stars. The next gen- geology and astrobiology to explore these spriNg of life — arrived oN earth. No eration of observatories will reveal details of questions of where Earths’ water comes from. one knows if the Solar System, with a planet the disk chemistry and planet growth in the possessing the necessary ingredients for life regions where habitable worlds form. The only Clues to Earth’s Past from within the habitable zone, is a cosmic rarity. way to get similar data for the Solar System Deep Inside the Earth Nor do scientists know whether the gas giants and learn where Earth’s water came from is to the idea that comets were the source of in the Solar System played a role in delivering match the chemical fingerprints of inner solar earth’s water arose in the 1980s when the essential materials to the habitable zone. The system volatiles to a location in the protoplan- Giotto spacecraft flew through the cloud of answers to these questions are contained in etary disk (rotating circumstellar disk of dense gas surrounding Halley’s Comet. Its sensitive volatiles unaltered since the formation of the gas and dust surrounding a newly formed detectors showed that the comet’s water giant planets. Comets were long thought to star). Such data can distinguish between com- was enriched in deuterium, a heavy isotope of be the most likely “delivery service” of Earth’s peting models of solar system formation to hydrogen, found in abundance in the earth’s water. But new models and new data, includ- specify where the water came from and how oceans. In the 4.5 billion years since the earth ing data from the Rosetta comet mission have it was delivered. Astrobiologist Karen Meech, formed, surface water has undergone a lot of cast some doubt. at the University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa’s (UH processing through volcanic recycling, atmo- Right now, astronomers are on the cusp Mānoa) Institute for Astronomy (IfA) and her spheric escape and interaction with biology. of directly observing the process of habitable team are using astronomy, planetary science, “It didn’t seem logical that today’s oceans 4 | Research and Innovation at the University of Hawai‘i An international team of scientists, led by UH Mānoa’s Karen Meech, are developing a NASA Discovery-class mission concept called Proteus to explore Main Belt Comets that should yield key missing information about the processes that created a habitable planet in Earth’s Solar System. NOelO 2020 | 5 ASTRONOMY AND SPACE EXPLORATION should match the d/H (ratio between deute- have shown that cometary d/H has a wide Meech. “Because this is only consistent with some rium and hydrogen in water that yields infor- range of values. the relative amount of deu- of the models, Manx comets may provide a way mation about its origin and geologic history) terium to hydrogen is temperature dependent to discriminate between formation models.” chemistry of the primordial water present and set during formation of the comet’s ices. at earth’s formation,” said Meech. “during a the widely ranging values seen in comets sug- The Proteus Mission — Searching geological field trip exploring Icelandic hot gests that they formed over a wide range of for Origins springs one of the guides said that the escaping temperatures (distances from the Sun) in the the large variation in d/H in comets coupled with water vapor plumes were “primordial.” Solar System. large scale movement of these icy leftovers of Although the statement had been wrong, On September 22, 2014 the Pan-StARRS1 the planet building process show that astrono- this led to Meech to realize that the answer telescope discovered a very weak active long mers cannot use a single chemical fingerprint to to the origin of earth’s water would have to period comet (lPC), C/2014 S3 near its closest trace the delivery of water to the inner solar be pursued from multiple disciplines. Since approach to the sun. this was very unusual system. Measurements of other protoplanetary isotope chemistry had shown the existence of since lPCs usually develop long tails as their disks and models show that multiple chemical primordial helium coming from earth’s interior, ices heat up for the first time. dubbed a and isotopic signatures should be frozen onto Meech hypothesized that it could also be used “Manx” comet for its nearly tailless appearance the planetary building blocks. to search for earth’s primordial water. lydia (like the cat), a spectrum showed that its tracing different chemicals can provide Hallis, an astrobiology postdoc working with composition was similar to inner solar system independent measurements of where the Meech, has used advanced ion-microprobe rocky material — very different from the red material originated. to access this record, instrumentation on samples from Baffin Island organic-rich surfaces of comets. astronomers need: (1) a population of icy to show that earth’s primordial water may be Astronomers have many models of how bodies that faithfully records the history of very different from the surface oceans.
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