Interactive Computer Music for Double Bass Jeremy C
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University of Nebraska at Omaha DigitalCommons@UNO Music Faculty Publications Department of Music 2004 Interactive Computer Music for Double Bass Jeremy C. Baguyos University of Nebraska at Omaha, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/musicfacpub Part of the Composition Commons Recommended Citation Baguyos, Jeremy C., "Interactive Computer Music for Double Bass" (2004). Music Faculty Publications. 9. https://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/musicfacpub/9 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Music at DigitalCommons@UNO. It has been accepted for inclusion in Music Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UNO. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Jeremy Baguyos playing Museau de Singe (photo by Craig Sapp) Interactive Computer Music for Double Bass By Jeremy Baguyos the emerging technologies and aesthetics. Christos Hatzis, Three Pieces for Double For the double bass, this new repertoire Bass and Tape (1990) by Orlando Jacinto The rise of the academy as patron of art included compositions like Jacob Garcia, Radio Sonata (1982) by James music, the philosophical underpinnings of Druckman's Synapse/Valentine (1969), Sellars, and Mist (1997) by Robert Gibson. "futurists" like Russolo and Busoni, the Charles Whittenberg's Electronic Study II Additionally, a number of double bass increasing power and cost-effectiveness of (1962), and Donald Erb's Basspiece (1969). soloists have championed the cause by com computer-based systems and the new com In recent decades, composers have added to missioning, promoting and regularly per positional directions of the Post World War II the repertoire. Many composers should be forming electroacoustic music. Two of the avant-garde have all contributed to establish recognized for their contributions to elec most prominent double bassists in this reper ing the genre of electroacoustic music in the troacoustic double bass repertoire, but some toire are Bertram Turetzky and Robert Black. United States. Composers have increasingly merit more than a passing reference. Of par The compositions mentioned in the pre turned to electronics for new source material ticular interest are Death of Desdemona ceding paragraph are tape pieces or fixed and as a result, there is an entirely new reper (1987) by Frank Proto, Moby Bass (1975) by medium pieces, where the electronic part is toire that was generated to take advantage of David Neubert, Birth of Venus (1990) by realized electronically and stored for future Volume 28, Number I 13 Window Help C) is a high-level programming language, but the programmer/musician does not need to FOt OOUIUMi,, IIIM0, 1110 COMlllftt know the inner workings of machine lan tY~KAML' :fflfll guage, assembly languages, or even intu itive text-based languages like C. The pro grammer/musician does not need to worry about a compiler or interpreter, nor does he need to know the inner workings of the source code. Instead, the programmer/ musician needs only to know about MAX/MSP objects and what they can do for the musician: namely what the machine accepts as input, what it outputs, and what is supposed to do. A diagram of the rela tionship between MIDI data or audio signal flow and the other "objects" with which it connects/interacts is provided. A MAX/MSP program can be as esoteric as the most complicated C++ code (a com puter programming language), yet it can be used by the most technophobic of tradition al musicians if the MAX/MSP programmer Museau de Singe (photo by Rob Hamilton) designs a user-friendly interface. In addi tion, the purchase of the full version of use on a fixed medium like analog electro electronics (almost always with the comput MAX/MSP is not required to run a magnetic tape ( cassette or reel-to-reel), er as intermediary, hence the name comput MAX/MSP program. The run-time envi Digital Audio Tape (DAT), or Compact er music) are able to react and adjust to the ronment for any MAX/MSP program can Disk (CD). The electronics are fixed and performer, in addition to the performer be downloaded for free from the web site of not in real-time while the double bass part reacting and adjusting to the electronics. As Cyclying74, the manufacturers of is expected to be played "live." In a sense, cliche as it sounds, this creates a whole new MAX/MSP. If a musician wants to program the tape and the live bassist play a duet. frontier of possibilities. In the same way that as well as run MAX/MSP applications, a Though the tape as chamber music partner new musical systems liberated sound, now full version of MAX/MSP can be "audi never argues with the bassist in rehearsal, new interactive computer music systems are tioned" for 30 days by downloading it from there is the obvious drawback of the inflex able to liberate the performer. the Cycling74 site. After 30 days, the soft ibility of the tape in musical collaborations, It must be mentioned that the first comput ware requires a password challenge that something that could be perceived as sterile er music systems (not analog synthesizers) only a full-paying license owner will have. and/or confining. But there are many inge date as far back as 1968. The invention of the The MAX/MSP programming environment nious conventions that composers use to MIDI protocol in 1983 for communication currently only runs on the MAC OS 9 and allow the performer to have more freedom between electronic musical instruments and MAC OS X operating systems, but a com when collaborating with the tape. One is to devices allowed for a level of interactivity in mercial version for Windows is being write vaguely defined ambient sections of terms of control of MIDI instruments, but developed and its release is anticipated. music. But no matter the ingenuity of the MIDI did not represent important musical Over the last few years, I have been inti composer, there is always the danger that information like the nuances of timbre that mately involved with the creation and per the tape plus bassist performance combina are so important to the Western art music tra formance of MAX/MSP patches for interac tion sounds like it was written for a CD to dition. As recently as 1993, Robert Black and tive computer music for double bass. Some be played in a home stereo system or the Richard Zvonar collaborated on the perfor current and past projects include the imple performance comes across as a music mance of Two In Hand, which had a high mentation and realization of Andrew May's minus-one performance. level of interactivity even by today's stan Ripped-up Maps (1997/2003) for Solo This problem is obviously not unique to dards. Composer and double bassist Curtis Instrument and Computer, Robert double bassists, since other instrumentalists Bahn has also been one of the pioneers of Hamilton's Museau de Singe (2003) for dou have wrestled with the problem and the pur interactive computer music and continues to ble bass, piano, and interactive computer suit for a solution has resulted in a new sub perform and record his own interactive com electronics, and Conversations on the Nature genre of electroacoustic music. The new puter music compositions with his electronic of Life (2003) which was composed by an approach has been called "real-time com chamber ensemble, Interface. intermedia collective consisting of Robert puter music performance" or "interactive The implementation of interactivity in Hamilton (composer), Jeremy Baguyos computer music performance" or "interac contemporary electroacoustic music is (bassist), Leo Duborobsky (biophysicist), tive electronic music performance," or some facilitated through software in a music-pro and Levon Lewis (spoken-word artist). other permutation. The biggest difference gramming environment called MAX/MSP. May's Ripped-up Maps for Solo between the newer flexible approach and the MAX/MSP in the simplest sense is an Instrument and Computer was originally older fixed medium approach is that the new object-oriented programming language. It written in 1997 as an improvisation envi- 14 International Society of Bassists , l:. .~,l:. , i ,i ~t •;•> 11 D,8. •f ff C=p. { ~ Im @ §I ~ p -{. ":/ . ' .. , if ~ D.8. C=p. {-.'.--------~fffi=" ~ ~lffi~~l§J~-=lm~-------~li!J~ ~ ll2i~ i!!il~ fill=•~-lm='~fill=J~--~!,l)=·---- - -------- untlWHt'4fWflh -{ ~ .,r ------- Page from score of Museau de Singe (photo by Rob Hamilton) ronment for solo violin. It was modified in interface that requires almost no knowledge musical control of video images, 2003 for use by any instrument, but the of MAXJMSP Hamilton's work captures Conversations on the Nature of Life is a author requested its modification specifical the bassist's acoustic performance of the performance-piece for spoken-word, real ly for double bass, For this piece, there is no musical score in real-time and processes that time computer processing, contrabass, and traditional musical score. Instead the score sound as the performer continues to play, video which seeks to address issues regard reads something like an application soft Like Ripped-up Maps, the Hamilton work ing the biological and sociological building ware manual. It provides details for the uses the live sound of the double bass as blocks that make us human, Onstage are a hardware and system software require source material for the computer's response spoken-word artist and a double bass play ments to run the improvisation environ to the musician's performance. The piece er. A computer audio application prompts ment, instructions for the engineer and also uses "spatialization" effects, sounds the spoken-word artist with questions, instructions for the musician. And the piece which are produced through four speakers.