DOCSLIB.ORG

Dental & Oral Health

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Dental & Oral Health Dental & Oral Health RESEARCH REVIEW™ Making Education Easy Issue 5 – 2016 to the fifth issue of Dental and Oral Health Research Review. In this issue: Welcome This issue begins with a review of the latest advances in saliva-related studies in which the potential value of Saliva in the diagnosis of saliva for early diagnosis of oral and systemic diseases is discussed. A meta-analysis of analgesics for pain of disease endodontic origin concludes that NSAIDs are the agents of choice (in the absence of contraindications). Colleagues from Australia have reviewed and provided guidelines for reducing the risks associated with radiation exposure in dental practices. The final issue for 2016 concludes with a report on the use of TCMs (traditional Chinese Treatment failure in medicines) by US-residing Chinese parents and their children for oral conditions. endodontics We hope you have enjoyed Dental and Oral Health Research Review this year, and we look forward to returning in 2017. Treating permanent teeth Kind regards with deep dentine caries Dr Colleen Murray Associate Professor Jonathan Leichter NSAIDs: first-line in [email protected] [email protected] endodontic pain relief? Management of dens Saliva in the diagnosis of diseases invaginatus Authors: Zhang C-Z et al. Summary: Saliva is a hypotonic solution of salivary acini, gingival crevicular fluid and oral mucosal exudates Oral care for pregnant with multiple functions: mouth cleaning, by washing away bacteria and food debris; digestion, as salivary patients amylase catalyses the hydrolysis of starch into maltose and sometimes glucose in the mouth; antibacterial effects provided by salivary lysozymes and thiocyanate ions; and saliva secretion contains risk factors for some diseases by excreting or transmitting potassium iodide, lead and mercury, and viruses such as rabies, polio and Hypophosphatasia in HIV infection. This review summarises the latest research into saliva-related studies and discusses the potential dentistry value of saliva in the early diagnosis of oral diseases, such as dental caries and periodontal disease, as well as cancer, diabetes and other systemic disorders. An update of radiation shielding in dental settings Comment (CM): Using saliva as a diagnostic fluid has many advantages – it is simple and non-invasive to collect, convenient to store, and contains high-quality DNA. This paper discusses the concept of salivaomics, which encompasses genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabonomics and microRNA analysis, for the Lollipop-induced oral early diagnoses of some oral and systemic diseases. The structures and functions of salivary bacteria have lichenoid reaction in a child been studied as potential predictive markers for caries onset. With regards to periodontal disease, an easy to use and time-efficient P. gingivalis saliva kit has been developed. Tumour-specific DNA was positive in saliva TCM use for oral conditions in 100% of patients with oral tumours. Salivary proteins have also found to be useful for pancreatic, breast, prostate and lung cancer detection. Systemic diseases that can be diagnosed from salivary biomarkers include diabetes mellitus, acute myocardial infarction, viral infections (such as hepatitis A, B and C, HIV-1, measles, mumps, rubella, dengue and human cytomegalovirus), chronic liver disease and chronic Abbreviations used in this issue renal failure. While research on saliva and the diagnosis of disease is still in its early stage, perhaps we can HIV = human immunodeficiency virus think more positively of this bodily fluid next time we are battling with a dental procedure while elbow-deep NSAID = nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug in saliva. RCT = randomised controlled trial TCM = traditional Chinese medicine Reference: Int J Oral Sci 2016;8(3):133–7 Abstract SUBSCRIBE FREE! Helping UAE health professionals keep up to date with clinical research www.researchreview.ae www.researchreview.ae a RESEARCH REVIEW™ publication 1 Dental & Oral Health RESEARCH REVIEW™ Assessment of treatment Long-term survival and vitality outcomes of permanent teeth failure in endodontic therapy following deep caries treatment with step-wise and partial- Author: Bergenholtz G caries-removal Summary: This paper considers the place of Authors: Hoefler V et al. clinical research in the field of endodontic therapy, Summary: This systematic review included nine publications utilising data from five clinical studies (two RCTs and focuses on the assessment of cases with and three observational case-series) reporting long-term survival data (2–10 years) for 426 permanent teeth persistent lesions subsequent to endodontic with deep dentine caries treated with partial caries removal (n=167) or stepwise caries removal techniques treatment. Scant data and guidelines exist for (n=259). Failures were defined as loss of pulp vitality or restorative failures following treatment. At 2 and 3 years, assessing the failure of endodontic therapy. The successful rates exceeded 88% with both techniques. In observational data, pulp vitality was maintained in 96% paper explains that persistent apical periodontitis of teeth at 2 years with both techniques, while one RCT reported significantly higher vitality at 3 years for partial is not often regarded as a condition that requires caries removal compared with stepwise caries removal techniques (96% vs. 83%; p<0.05). Risk of bias was high treatment in clinical practice. The authors call for in all studies, due to limited quality of the evidence and methodology. comprehensive research into the effect of apical periodontitis on general health and to confirm the Comment (CM): Both stepwise and partial caries removal techniques are reported to result in fewer extent to which persisting lesions in root-filled teeth pulpal exposures than traditional one-step total caries removal. Stepwise caries removal initially removes result in adverse systemic health effects. all superficial and most of the central caries, leaving a thin layer of infected dentine to protect the pulp, placement of a provisional restoration, followed by re-entry after a prespecified time. Residual caries is then Comment (CM): Recent technological removed and a permanent restoration placed. In partial caries removal, also known as incomplete caries advancements have made root canal therapy removal or indirect pulp capping, peripheral caries is removed, the thin layer of carious dentine covering the a feasible and attractive discipline that allows pulp is retained, covered with a liner, and a definitive restoration placed. This systematic review investigated dentists to properly manage most teeth with two outcomes, namely restorative failures and loss of pulp vitality. Five studies met the inclusion criteria. endodontic complications. While endodontic Although it was found that success was greater than 88% at 2 and 3 years using either stepwise or partial success has been defined, treatment failure caries removal, the authors concluded that larger, long-term clinical studies following diverse populations has not. Is an asymptomatic tooth with apical of participants are needed. periodontitis a failure? Does a small radiographic lesion that does not change in size indicate Reference: J Dent 2016;54:25–32 success? Cone-beam computed tomography is Abstract better able to identify periapical inflammatory lesions than intraoral radiographs, showing not just small but even large lesions that had Evidence-based recommendations for analgesic efficacy to failed to be visible by intraoral radiography. treat pain of endodontic origin While this is of interest, it does not help us in clinical practice. No universal guidelines Authors: Aminoshariae A et al. exist to support clinical decision-making as to Summary: These researchers systematically reviewed English-language articles focusing on pain of which cases need retreatment and which can endodontic origin and analgesics used to decrease that pain. All papers were published between January 1990 be monitored. Clinicians and scientists have and April 2016. The aim of this investigation was to provide the best available scientific evidence for dental different perspectives with a persistent apical clinicians wanting to recommend or prescribe analgesics for endodontic pain. periodontitis being a proper and well-defined parameter in scientific investigations, but not Comment (CM): While analgesic efficacy in dentistry has historically been investigated using extraction always being regarded as needing retreatment of impacted third molars as a viable pain model, these patients differ from those in need of endodontic in clinical practice. The authors suggest that treatment who are generally older with possibly more complicated medical histories and can have long-term prospective studies on the effect of preoperative pulpal or periradicular infections. This systematic review analysed 27 randomised, placebo- periapical periodontitis on general health are controlled trials and focussed on orally administered analgesics in two primary clinical situations. The needed. In the meantime, we will have to live twelve studies reporting on preoperative analgesics showed that preoperative steroids significantly reduce with insufficient scientific knowledge and base post procedural pain and that the combination of flurbiprofen and tramadol was better than either drug our decisions on our personal interpretations. alone. Mixed reports were found regarding preoperative NSAIDs alone. Fifteen studies were included
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Glossary for Narrative Writing
    Periodontal Assessment and Treatment Planning Gingival description Color: o pink o erythematous o cyanotic o racial pigmentation o metallic pigmentation o uniformity Contour: o recession o clefts o enlarged papillae o cratered papillae o blunted papillae o highly rolled o bulbous o knife-edged o scalloped o stippled Consistency: o firm o edematous o hyperplastic o fibrotic Band of gingiva: o amount o quality o location o treatability Bleeding tendency: o sulcus base, lining o gingival margins Suppuration Sinus tract formation Pocket depths Pseudopockets Frena Pain Other pathology Dental Description Defective restorations: o overhangs o open contacts o poor contours Fractured cusps 1 ww.links2success.biz [email protected] 914-303-6464 Caries Deposits: o Type . plaque . calculus . stain . matera alba o Location . supragingival . subgingival o Severity . mild . moderate . severe Wear facets Percussion sensitivity Tooth vitality Attrition, erosion, abrasion Occlusal plane level Occlusion findings Furcations Mobility Fremitus Radiographic findings Film dates Crown:root ratio Amount of bone loss o horizontal; vertical o localized; generalized Root length and shape Overhangs Bulbous crowns Fenestrations Dehiscences Tooth resorption Retained root tips Impacted teeth Root proximities Tilted teeth Radiolucencies/opacities Etiologic factors Local: o plaque o calculus o overhangs 2 ww.links2success.biz [email protected] 914-303-6464 o orthodontic apparatus o open margins o open contacts o improper
    [Show full text]
  • Permanent Mandibular Incisor with Multiple Anomalies - Report of a Rare Clinical Case
    Braz346 Dent J (2011) 22(4): 346-350 N. B. Nagaveni et al. ISSN 0103-6440 Permanent Mandibular Incisor with Multiple Anomalies - Report of a Rare Clinical Case Nayaka Basavanthappa NAGAVENI1 Kagathur Veerbadrapa UMASHANKARA2 B.G. VIDYULLATHA3 SREEDEVI3 Nayaka Basavanthappa RADHIKA4 1Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Hitkarini Dental College and Hospital, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India 2Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hitkarini Dental College and Hospital, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India 3Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Hitkarini Dental College and Hospital, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India 4Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, School of Dentistry, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Satara district, Karad, Maharashtra, India Permanent mandibular central incisor is rarely affected by tooth shape anomalies of crown and root. Co-occurrence of multiple anomalies in a permanent mandibular central incisor is extremely rare. This paper reports an unusual concurrent combination of multiple dental anomalies affecting both the crown and root of a permanent mandibular left central incisor - talon cusp, dens invaginatus, short root anomaly and macrodontia -, which has not previously been reported together. Case management is described and implications are discussed. The dentist should be aware of these rare entities in order to provide an accurate diagnosis and management for which detailed examination of the tooth both clinically and radiographically is very important. Key Words: anomalies, dens invaginatus, mandibular incisor, short root anomaly, talon cusp. INTRODUCTION differentiation stage of tooth development (2). Dens invaginatus is also a rare developmental Morphological variations of dental structure anomaly defined as a deep surface invagination of the involving either crown or root are common in the crown or root, which is lined by enamel and resulting literature.
    [Show full text]
  • Oral Diagnosis: the Clinician's Guide
    Wright An imprint of Elsevier Science Limited Robert Stevenson House, 1-3 Baxter's Place, Leith Walk, Edinburgh EH I 3AF First published :WOO Reprinted 2002. 238 7X69. fax: (+ 1) 215 238 2239, e-mail: [email protected]. You may also complete your request on-line via the Elsevier Science homepage (http://www.elsevier.com). by selecting'Customer Support' and then 'Obtaining Permissions·. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress ISBN 0 7236 1040 I _ your source for books. journals and multimedia in the health sciences www.elsevierhealth.com Composition by Scribe Design, Gillingham, Kent Printed and bound in China Contents Preface vii Acknowledgements ix 1 The challenge of diagnosis 1 2 The history 4 3 Examination 11 4 Diagnostic tests 33 5 Pain of dental origin 71 6 Pain of non-dental origin 99 7 Trauma 124 8 Infection 140 9 Cysts 160 10 Ulcers 185 11 White patches 210 12 Bumps, lumps and swellings 226 13 Oral changes in systemic disease 263 14 Oral consequences of medication 290 Index 299 Preface The foundation of any form of successful treatment is accurate diagnosis. Though scientifically based, dentistry is also an art. This is evident in the provision of operative dental care and also in the diagnosis of oral and dental diseases. While diagnostic skills will be developed and enhanced by experience, it is essential that every prospective dentist is taught how to develop a structured and comprehensive approach to oral diagnosis.
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis of the Association of Foramen Cecum and Dens in Dente in Maxillary Lateral Incisor
    Published online: 2020-10-05 THIEME 242 OriginalAssociation Article of Foramen Cecum and Dens in Dente Genaro et al. Analysis of the Association of Foramen Cecum and Dens in Dente in Maxillary Lateral Incisor Luis Eduardo Genaro1 Marcelo Brito Conte1 Giovana Anovazzi1 Andréa Gonçalves2 1 1 Marcela de Almeida Gonçalves Ticiana Sidorenko de Oliveira Capote 1Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontic and Pediatric Address for correspondence Luis Eduardo Genaro, DDS, Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontic and Pediatric Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 2Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Rua Humaitá, 1680, 14801-903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil (e-mail: [email protected]). Eur J Dent 2021;15:242–246 Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of foramen cecum and dens in dente, and to verify the association of these structures in the maxillary lateral incisor (MLI). Materials and Methods The presence of foramen cecum in the lingual surface of 110 MLI was verified, and the teeth were radiographed to observe the presence of dens in dente, being classified according to the literature. An association study between the presence of foramen cecum and dens in dente was performed using the Cramer’s V and chi-square statistical tests. Results The association was statistically significant between the foramen cecum and the dens in dente. Concomitant presence was observed in 17.27%, being a high rate when compared with the presence of foramen cecum alone (9.09%) or dens in dente alone (8.18%).
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Unfinished Root Canal Treatment in Odontogenic Maxillofacial Infections Requiring Hospital Care
    Clin Oral Invest (2013) 17:113–121 DOI 10.1007/s00784-012-0710-8 ORIGINAL ARTICLE The role of unfinished root canal treatment in odontogenic maxillofacial infections requiring hospital care L. Grönholm & K. K. Lemberg & L. Tjäderhane & A. Lauhio & C. Lindqvist & R. Rautemaa-Richardson Received: 16 November 2011 /Accepted: 4 March 2012 /Published online: 14 March 2012 # Springer-Verlag 2012 Abstract 60 % were males. Unfinished root canal treatment (RCT) was Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical the major risk factor for hospitalisation in 16 (27 %) of the 60 and radiological findings and the role of periapical infection cases (p0.0065). Completed RCT was the source only in 7 and antecedent dental treatment of infected focus teeth in (12 %) of the 60 cases. Two of these RCTs were adequate and odontogenic maxillofacial abscesses requiring hospital care. five inadequate. Materials and methods In this retrospective cohort study, we Conclusions The initiation of inadequate or incomplete pri- evaluated medical records and panoramic radiographs during mary RCT of acute periapical periodontitis appears to open a the hospital stay of patients (n060) admitted due to odonto- risk window for locally invasive spread of infection with local genic maxillofacial infection originating from periapical abscess formation and systemic symptoms. Thereafter, the periodontitis. quality of the completed RCT appears to have minor impact. Results Twenty-three (38 %) patients had received endodontic However, a considerable proportion of the patients had not treatment and ten (17 %) other acute dental treatment. Twenty- received any dental treatment confirming the importance of seven (45 %) had not visited the dentist in the near past.
    [Show full text]
  • Coding Guidelines for Dentists
    246 > COMMUNIQUE Coding guidelines for dentists SADJ July 2014, Vol 69 no 6 p246 - p248 M Khan ICD-10 coding remains confusing for some dentists and their persists for a very long time and seeks relief from the pain. personnel. We have recently heard from the administrators The patient agrees that you can take a periapical radiograph that they had to reject R18 000 worth of claims on one day of the tooth. The radiograph shows an interproximal cari- as a result of incorrect ICD-10 coding. This article attempts ous lesion on the distal of tooth 21, extending deep into the to provide some clarity on this issue. dentine, but not yet into the pulp. The lamina dura in rela- tion to the apex of the root appears to be normal. The tooth The biggest misconception about ICD-10 responds with a sharp pain following a percussion test. You The most common question asked about the system is: “What document the following diagnosis on your records: “21 se- is the ICD-10 code for this procedure code?” Please note that vere interproximal caries (distal) with an irreversible pulpitis ICD-10 coding does not work like this. There is no standard or and an acute periapical periodontitis”. You explain the diag- fixed ICD-10 code related to any procedure code. nosis, the required follow-up procedures and the estimated costs to the patient who agrees to a root canal treatment Basic principle of ICD-10 coding and further radiographs. ICD-10 coding is a diagnostic system and dental procedures The invoice after treatment is as follows: can be performed as result of various different diagnoses.
    [Show full text]
  • Differential Diagnosis for Orofacial Pain, Including Sinusitis, TMD, Trigeminal Neuralgia
    OralMedicine Anne M Hegarty Joanna M Zakrzewska Differential Diagnosis for Orofacial Pain, Including Sinusitis, TMD, Trigeminal Neuralgia Abstract: Correct diagnosis is the key to managing facial pain of non-dental origin. Acute and chronic facial pain must be differentiated and it is widely accepted that chronic pain refers to pain of 3 months or greater duration. Differentiating the many causes of facial pain can be difficult for busy practitioners, but a logical approach can be beneficial and lead to more rapid diagnoses with effective management. Confirming a diagnosis involves a process of history-taking, clinical examination, appropriate investigations and, at times, response to various therapies. Clinical Relevance: Although primary care clinicians would not be expected to diagnose rare pain conditions, such as trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias, they should be able to assess the presenting pain complaint to such an extent that, if required, an appropriate referral to secondary or tertiary care can be expedited. The underlying causes of pain of non-dental origin can be complex and management of pain often requires a multidisciplinary approach. Dent Update 2011; 38: 396–408 Management of orofacial pain can only be To establish a differential expanded and grouped in more recent effective if the correct diagnosis is reached diagnosis for orofacial pain we must first years.2 Questions include: and may involve referral to secondary consider the history, examination and Onset; or tertiary care. The focus of this article relevant investigations. Frequency; is differential diagnosis of orofacial pain Although both may co-exist, Duration; (Table 1) rather than available therapeutic the more rare non-dental pain must be Site; options.
    [Show full text]
  • Management of Periodontitis Associated with Endodontically Involved Teeth: a Case Series
    Management of Periodontitis Associated with Endodontically Involved Teeth: A Case Series Abstract The pulp and the periodontal attachment are the two components that enable a tooth to function in the oral cavity. Lesions of the periodontal ligament and adjacent alveolar bone may originate from infections of the periodontium or tissues of the dental pulp. The simultaneous existence of pulpal problems and inflammatory periodontal disease can complicate diagnosis and treatment planning. The function of the tooth is severely compromised when either one of these is involved in the disease process. Treatment of disease conditions involving both of these structures can be challenging and frequently requires combining both endodontic and periodontal treatment procedures. This article presents cases of periodontitis associated with endodontic lesions managed by both endodontic and periodontal therapy. Keywords: Endodontic-periodontic, periodontitis, pulp, periapical periodontitis, combined lesions Citation: Anand PS, Nandakumar K. Management of Periodontitis Associated with Endodontically Involved Teeth: A Case Series. J Contemp Dent Pract 2005 May;(6)2:118-129. © Seer Publishing 1 The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice, Volume 6, No. 2, May 15, 2005 Introduction It has long been recognized that an intimate relationship exists between the pulp of a tooth and the surrounding periodontium.1 Much of the focus has been on the possible pathways for the spread of inflammation and infection from one component to the other. The periodontium communicates with pulp tissues through many channels or pathways. These channels may be involved in extending pulpal infections to the periodontium and vice versa. Thus, lesions of the periodontal ligament and adjacent alveolar bone may originate from infections of the periodontium or tissues of the dental pulp.
    [Show full text]
  • Multiple Dens Invaginatus, Mulberry Molar and Conical Teeth
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Repositori d'Objectes Digitals per a l'Ensenyament la Recerca i la Cultura Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2009 Feb 1;14 (2):E69-72. Multiple dens invaginatus, mulberry molar and conical teeth Journal section: Oral Medicine and Pathology Publication Types: Case Reports Multiple dens invaginatus, mulberry molar and conical teeth. Case report and genetic considerations Heddie O. Sedano 1, Fabian Ocampo-Acosta 2, Rosa I. Naranjo-Corona 3, Maria E. Torres-Arellano 4 1 DDS, Dr. Odont. Professor Emeritus, University of Minnesota, Lecturer, Associated Clinical Specialties, Oral Pathology and Craniofacial Clinic, School of Dentistry, UCLA, California 2 DDS, MSc, Section Head & Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California at Tijuana, México 3 School of Dentistry, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California at Tijuana, México 4 DDS, MSc, School of Dentistry, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California at Tijuana, México Correspondence: Dr. Heddie O. Sedano, Associated Clinical Specialties Oral Pathology and Craniofacial Clinic, School of Dentistry, UCLA, CA. [email protected] Sedano HO, Ocampo-Acosta F, Naranjo-Corona RI, Torres-Arellano ME. Multiple dens invaginatus, mulberry molar and conical teeth. Case Received: 14/03/2008 report and genetic considerations. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2009 Accepted: 27/04/2008 Feb 1;14 (2):E69-72. http://www.medicinaoral.com/medoralfree01/v14i2/medoralv14i2p69.pdf Article Number: 5123658801
    [Show full text]
  • Role of S100A4 in the Pathogenesis of Human Periapical Granulomas
    in vivo 35 : 2099-2106 (2021) doi:10.21873/invivo.12479 Role of S100A4 in the Pathogenesis of Human Periapical Granulomas TAKAHITO TAMURA 1,2 , TAIKI MIYATA 1,2 , KEISUKE HATORI 1,3 , KAZUMA HIMI 1, TAKESHI NAKAMURA 1,2 , YURIKA TOYAMA 1,2 and OSAMU TAKEICHI 1,3 1Department of Endodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan; 2Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry, Dental Research Center, Tokyo, Japan; 3Division of Advanced Dental Treatment, Dental Research Center, Tokyo, Japan Abstract. Background/Aim: S100A4 expression is periodontitis is to eliminate the source of root canal infection associated with the pathology of chronic inflammatory that causes lesions of apical periodontal tissue and has a high diseases. In this study, we investigated the role of S100A4 success rate (4). However, despite proper treatment by the and four inflammatory mediators (IL-1 β, IĸB, IL-10, and dentist, apical periodontitis may not heal and tooth extraction TNF- α) in human periapical granulomas (PGs). Materials may be required (4). Cytokines and growth factors play an and Methods: S100A4 expression in PGs obtained by important role in the development of periapical lesions and apicoectomy was examined by immunohistochemistry. associated tissue damage (5). Notably, these inflammatory Further, the expression of S100A4 and four inflammatory mediators increase lymphocyte activation, inflammatory cell mediators was compared between PGs and healthy gingival migration, and osteoclast activation in the lesions (3, 6-8). tissues (HGTs) using real-time PCR. Results: In the PGs, Although various studies have investigated the mechanisms S100A4 was found to be expressed in endothelial cells and underlying the development of periapical periodontitis (1-8), fibroblasts.
    [Show full text]
  • The Importance of Viral Detection in Oral Fluids in Patients with Periodontal Disease
    Romanian Journal of Medical and Dental Education Vol. 9, No. 4, July - August 2020 THE IMPORTANCE OF VIRAL DETECTION IN ORAL FLUIDS IN PATIENTS WITH PERIODONTAL DISEASE. REVIEW. Alexandru Flondor1, Irina-Georgeta Sufaru2*, Maria-Alexandra Martu2, Ionut Luchian2, Liliana Pasarin2, Vasilica Toma3, Silvia Martu2 1DMD, PhD, Private Practice, Iasi, Romania 2University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Department of Periodontology, Iasi, Romania 3University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Iasi, Romania *Corresponding authors: Sufaru Irina-Georgeta. E-mail: [email protected] #All authors had equal contributions with the first author Abstract The direct involvement of herpesviruses in the evolution of periodontitis can change the concepts of pathogenesis and disease management. A double periodontal infection of herpesviruses and pathogenic bacteria tends to be associated with more severe periodontitis than a periodontal infection involving only bacteria. Classical techniques in viral diagnosis use cell culture or antigenemia. These diagnostic techniques have been largely replaced by DNA and / or RNA-based tests, which possess superior technical performance and cost advantages. False-negative and false-positive PCR results are an inherent concern. Poor design of the PCR test, without optimization or validation of the PCR methodology, may lead to inaccurate findings and incompatible with those of other studies. The concept of viral infections of the diseased periodontium may introduce a new level of understanding of the importance of preventing and controlling periodontal disease for medical purposes. Keywords: viruses, periodontal bacteria, saliva, crevicular fluid, PCR Introduction The etiopathogenesis of Gingivitis and periodontitis are periodontitis includes specific bacteria and infectious diseases that tend to be viruses [2], protective and destructive particularly severe in immune responses of the host [3], immunocompromised individuals [1].
    [Show full text]
  • Investigation of Bacteriophages As Potential Sources of Oral Antimicrobials
    Investigation of bacteriophages as potential sources of oral antimicrobials By: Mohammed I. Abud Al-Shaheed Al-Zubidi A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2017 The University of Sheffield Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health School of Clinical Dentistry ii Abstract Bacteriophages are natural viruses that attack bacteria and are abundant in all environments, including air, water, and soil- following and co-existing with their hosts. Unlike antibiotics, bacteriophages are specific to their bacterial hosts without affecting other microflora. The use of bacteriophages and phage endolysin based therapies to kill pathogens without harming the majority of harmless bacteria has received growing attention during the past decade, especially in the era where bacterial resistance to antibiotic treatment is increasing. The aims of this study were to characterise a putative prophage (phiFNP1) residing in the genome of the periodontal pathogens Fusobacterium nucleatum polymorphum ATCC 10953, investigating the possibility of prophage induction, examining its presence in clinical plaque samples taken from patients with chronic periodontitis cases, and purify its putative lysis module genes to examine their potential antimicrobial activity. In addition, attempts will be made to catalogue phages that are presents in samples from the oral cavity of patients with chronic periodontitis and in wastewater, followed by isolation of lytic phages targeting endodontic and oral associated pathogens, characterisation of the isolated phages, evaluation of the efficiency of phage towards biofilm elimination, and established an animal model to study phage-bacterial interaction in order to develop them for treatments. The results revealed that phiFNP1 prophage are common in subgingival plaque of patients suffering from chronic periodontal disease but attempts to induce phiFNP1 using Mitomycin C were inconclusive, indicating that it might be defective.
    [Show full text]