9753 Y22 Sy Music A-Level H2 for 2022
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Education ______Ornamentation: an Introduction ______To the Mordent/Battement
Education _______ _______ Ornamentation: An Introduction _______ to the Mordent/Battement By Michael Lynn, One of my favorite ornaments is the I’ll use the French term [email protected] mordent. It often has a lively musical character but can also be drawn out to battement ... and mordent his is the second article I have make a more expressive ornament. interchangeably. written that covers ornaments that Players are often confused about weT might expect to encounter in Baroque the different names for various orna- 17th-century music, which may be music for the recorder. If you haven’t read ments, as well as the different signs played on recorder. the previous article in this series on used to signify them. To add to the Some of the terms we see being ornamentation, it may be helpful complications, the basic term mordent applied to this ornament are: to you to read the Fall 2020 AR was used to mean something com- • mordent installment, which covers trills and pletely different in the 19th century— • mordant appoggiaturas. different from its meaning in the • battement In this issue, we will discuss the Baroque period. • pincé. mordent or battement. In this series of articles on learning I’ll use the French term to interpret ornament signs, I focus on battement (meaning to “hit” or “beat”) music from the years 1680-1750. If you and mordent interchangeably look much outside of these boundaries, throughout this article—remember the situation gets more complicated. that they mean exactly the same thing. These dates encompass all of the Below is an example showing the Baroque recorder literature, with common signs and basic execution the exception of the early Baroque of the mordent. -
Performance Commentary
PERFORMANCE COMMENTARY . It seems, however, far more likely that Chopin Notes on the musical text 3 The variants marked as ossia were given this label by Chopin or were intended a different grouping for this figure, e.g.: 7 added in his hand to pupils' copies; variants without this designation or . See the Source Commentary. are the result of discrepancies in the texts of authentic versions or an 3 inability to establish an unambiguous reading of the text. Minor authentic alternatives (single notes, ornaments, slurs, accents, Bar 84 A gentle change of pedal is indicated on the final crotchet pedal indications, etc.) that can be regarded as variants are enclosed in order to avoid the clash of g -f. in round brackets ( ), whilst editorial additions are written in square brackets [ ]. Pianists who are not interested in editorial questions, and want to base their performance on a single text, unhampered by variants, are recom- mended to use the music printed in the principal staves, including all the markings in brackets. 2a & 2b. Nocturne in E flat major, Op. 9 No. 2 Chopin's original fingering is indicated in large bold-type numerals, (versions with variants) 1 2 3 4 5, in contrast to the editors' fingering which is written in small italic numerals , 1 2 3 4 5 . Wherever authentic fingering is enclosed in The sources indicate that while both performing the Nocturne parentheses this means that it was not present in the primary sources, and working on it with pupils, Chopin was introducing more or but added by Chopin to his pupils' copies. -
Basic Dynamic Markings
Basic Dynamic Markings • ppp pianississimo "very, very soft" • pp pianissimo "very soft" • p piano "soft" • mp mezzo-piano "moderately soft" • mf mezzo-forte "moderately loud" • f forte "loud" • ff fortissimo "very loud" • fff fortississimo "very, very loud" • sfz sforzando “fierce accent” • < crescendo “becoming louder” • > diminuendo “becoming softer” Basic Anticipation Markings Staccato This indicates the musician should play the note shorter than notated, usually half the value, the rest of the metric value is then silent. Staccato marks may appear on notes of any value, shortening their performed duration without speeding the music itself. Spiccato Indicates a longer silence after the note (as described above), making the note very short. Usually applied to quarter notes or shorter. (In the past, this marking’s meaning was more ambiguous: it sometimes was used interchangeably with staccato, and sometimes indicated an accent and not staccato. These usages are now almost defunct, but still appear in some scores.) In string instruments this indicates a bowing technique in which the bow bounces lightly upon the string. Accent Play the note louder, or with a harder attack than surrounding unaccented notes. May appear on notes of any duration. Tenuto This symbol indicates play the note at its full value, or slightly longer. It can also indicate a slight dynamic emphasis or be combined with a staccato dot to indicate a slight detachment. Marcato Play the note somewhat louder or more forcefully than a note with a regular accent mark (open horizontal wedge). In organ notation, this means play a pedal note with the toe. Above the note, use the right foot; below the note, use the left foot. -
Interpreting Tempo and Rubato in Chopin's Music
Interpreting tempo and rubato in Chopin’s music: A matter of tradition or individual style? Li-San Ting A thesis in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of New South Wales School of the Arts and Media Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences June 2013 ABSTRACT The main goal of this thesis is to gain a greater understanding of Chopin performance and interpretation, particularly in relation to tempo and rubato. This thesis is a comparative study between pianists who are associated with the Chopin tradition, primarily the Polish pianists of the early twentieth century, along with French pianists who are connected to Chopin via pedagogical lineage, and several modern pianists playing on period instruments. Through a detailed analysis of tempo and rubato in selected recordings, this thesis will explore the notions of tradition and individuality in Chopin playing, based on principles of pianism and pedagogy that emerge in Chopin’s writings, his composition, and his students’ accounts. Many pianists and teachers assume that a tradition in playing Chopin exists but the basis for this notion is often not made clear. Certain pianists are considered part of the Chopin tradition because of their indirect pedagogical connection to Chopin. I will investigate claims about tradition in Chopin playing in relation to tempo and rubato and highlight similarities and differences in the playing of pianists of the same or different nationality, pedagogical line or era. I will reveal how the literature on Chopin’s principles regarding tempo and rubato relates to any common or unique traits found in selected recordings. -
Pipa by Moshe Denburg.Pdf
Pipa • Pipa [ Picture of Pipa ] Description A pear shaped lute with 4 strings and 19 to 30 frets, it was introduced into China in the 4th century AD. The Pipa has become a prominent Chinese instrument used for instrumental music as well as accompaniment to a variety of song genres. It has a ringing ('bass-banjo' like) sound which articulates melodies and rhythms wonderfully and is capable of a wide variety of techniques and ornaments. Tuning The pipa is tuned, from highest (string #1) to lowest (string #4): a - e - d - A. In piano notation these notes correspond to: A37 - E 32 - D30 - A25 (where A37 is the A below middle C). Scordatura As with many stringed instruments, scordatura may be possible, but one needs to consult with the musician about it. Use of a capo is not part of the pipa tradition, though one may inquire as to its efficacy. Pipa Notation One can utilize western notation or Chinese. If western notation is utilized, many, if not all, Chinese musicians will annotate the music in Chinese notation, since this is their first choice. It may work well for the composer to notate in the western 5 line staff and add the Chinese numbers to it for them. This may be laborious, and it is not necessary for Chinese musicians, who are quite adept at both systems. In western notation one writes for the Pipa at pitch, utilizing the bass and treble clefs. In Chinese notation one utilizes the French Chevé number system (see entry: Chinese Notation). In traditional pipa notation there are many symbols that are utilized to call for specific techniques. -
Unicode Technical Note: Byzantine Musical Notation
1 Unicode Technical Note: Byzantine Musical Notation Version 1.0: January 2005 Nick Nicholas; [email protected] This note documents the practice of Byzantine Musical Notation in its various forms, as an aid for implementors using its Unicode encoding. The note contains a good deal of background information on Byzantine musical theory, some of which is not readily available in English; this helps to make sense of why the notation is the way it is.1 1. Preliminaries 1.1. Kinds of Notation. Byzantine music is a cover term for the liturgical music used in the Orthodox Church within the Byzantine Empire and the Churches regarded as continuing that tradition. This music is monophonic (with drone notes),2 exclusively vocal, and almost entirely sacred: very little secular music of this kind has been preserved, although we know that court ceremonial music in Byzantium was similar to the sacred. Byzantine music is accepted to have originated in the liturgical music of the Levant, and in particular Syriac and Jewish music. The extent of continuity between ancient Greek and Byzantine music is unclear, and an issue subject to emotive responses. The same holds for the extent of continuity between Byzantine music proper and the liturgical music in contemporary use—i.e. to what extent Ottoman influences have displaced the earlier Byzantine foundation of the music. There are two kinds of Byzantine musical notation. The earlier ecphonetic (recitative) style was used to notate the recitation of lessons (readings from the Bible). It probably was introduced in the late 4th century, is attested from the 8th, and was increasingly confused until the 15th century, when it passed out of use. -
GUIDO Additional Specifications
The GUIDO Music Notation Format Version 1.3.8 Additionnal and New Specifications Grame 2009/08 1 Contents 1. Articulations.....................................................................................................................................3 1.1 Fermatas....................................................................................................................................3 1.2 Pizzicati.....................................................................................................................................3 1.3 Staccato / staccatissimo............................................................................................................4 1.4 Harmonics.................................................................................................................................4 2. Ornaments.........................................................................................................................................5 2.1 Trill...........................................................................................................................................5 2.2 Mordents...................................................................................................................................5 2.3 Turn...........................................................................................................................................6 2 1. Articulations 1.1 Fermatas \fermata indicates a fermata at the current metric position (for use between notes) \fermata(notes) indicates -
“New Negro Movement” Among Jazz Musicians
THE INFLUENCE OF THE “NEW NEGRO MOVEMENT” AMONG JAZZ MUSICIANS A Master’s submitted to the Caspersen School of Graduate Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Letters Advisor: Dr. Robert Butts Vincent Unger Drew University Madison, New Jersey May 2021 © Copyright 2021 Vincent Unger ABSTRACT The Influence of the “New Negro Movement” among Jazz Musicians Vincent Unger The Harlem Renaissance is usually thought of as a literary movement. However, it was much more than that, the Harlem Renaissance was a movement among the arts, music, and literature. The intellectual elite of Harlem saw the Harlem renaissance as new era for the African-American: one where African Americans could rise up from poverty to the middle class, and, shake off the stereotype of the primitive savage. The “New Negro Movement” was started by Alain Locke an W.E.B. Du Bois. Locke would lay the foundation for the movement with his book The New Negro. Du Bois on the other hand, would focus on educating African Americans about their African heritage. While integral to the movement, jazz music would be overlooked by Locke and other leaders of the movement. The New Negro only devotes a single entry to jazz in historian J.A. Roger’s “Jazz At Home.” Musicians Edward Kennedy “Duke” Ellington and William Grant Still would become an integral part of the “New Negro Movement.” Duke Ellington would make great strides as one of the most popular jazz musicians. William Grant Still would excel as a musician and a composer. These two musicians would pave the way for many young musicians. -
The Life and Solo Vocal Works of Margaret Allison Bonds (1913-1972) Alethea N
Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2013 The Life and Solo Vocal Works of Margaret Allison Bonds (1913-1972) Alethea N. Kilgore Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MUSIC THE LIFE AND SOLO VOCAL WORKS OF MARGARET ALLISON BONDS (1913-1972) By ALETHEA N. KILGORE A Treatise submitted to the College of Music in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Music Degree Awarded: Fall Semester, 2013 Copyright © 2013 Alethea N. Kilgore All Rights Reserved Alethea N. Kilgore defended this treatise on September 20, 2013. The members of the supervisory committee were: Wanda Brister Rachwal Professor Directing Treatise Matthew Shaftel University Representative Timothy Hoekman Committee Member Marcía Porter Committee Member The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members, and certifies that the treatise has been approved in accordance with university requirements. ii This treatise is dedicated to the music and memory of Margaret Allison Bonds. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would first like to acknowledge the faculty of the Florida State University College of Music, including the committee members who presided over this treatise: Dr. Wanda Brister Rachwal, Dr. Timothy Hoekman, Dr. Marcía Porter, and Dr. Matthew Shaftel. I would also like to thank Dr. Louise Toppin, Director of the Vocal Department of University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill for assisting me in this research by providing manuscripts of Bonds’s solo vocal works. She graciously invited me to serve as a lecturer and performer at A Symposium of Celebration: Margaret Allison Bonds (1913-1972) and the Women of Chicago on March 2-3, 2013. -
Radio 3 Listings for 1 – 7 August 2020 Page 1 Of
Radio 3 Listings for 1 – 7 August 2020 Page 1 of 26 SATURDAY 01 AUGUST 2020 04:10 AM Charles Avison (1709-1770) SAT 01:00 Through the Night (m000l8zq) Concerto Grosso No.2 in G major for strings and continuo Roger Morello cello recital Tafelmusik Baroque Orchestra, Jeanne Lamon (director) Music by Ligeti, George Crumb and Brahms performed by cellist 04:24 AM Roger Morello. Presented by Jonathan Swain. Lili Boulanger (1893-1918) Nocturne for flute and piano 01:01 AM Valentinas Gelgotas (flute), Audrone Kisieliute (piano) Gyorgy Ligeti (1923-2006) Cello Sonata 04:27 AM Roger Morelló (cello) Edward Elgar (1857-1934) Serenade for Strings Op 20 01:10 AM Royal Academy Soloists, Clio Gould (director) Elisenda Fàbregas (1955) Homenatge a Pau Casals (Homage to Pau Casals) 04:39 AM Roger Morelló (cello) Johann Strauss II (1825-1899), Alban Berg (arranger) Wein, Weib und Gesang (Wine, Woman and Song) waltz 01:18 AM Canadian Chamber Ensemble, Raffi Armenian (director) George Crumb (1929-) Cello Sonata (1955) 04:49 AM Roger Morelló (cello) Francis Poulenc (1899-1963) Capriccio (excerpt Finale of 'Bal masque') 01:32 AM Wyneke Jordans (piano), Leo van Doeselaar (piano) Joan Magrané Figuera (b.1988) Tombeau 04:55 AM Roger Morelló (cello) Carl Nielsen (1865-1931) Maskerade (FS.39) - overture 01:40 AM Danish National Radio Symphony Orchestra, Michael Johannes Brahms (1833-1897) Schonwandt (conductor) Cello Sonata in E minor, Op 38 Roger Morelló (cello), Bernat Català (piano) 05:01 AM Stanislaw Moniuszko (1819-1872) 02:07 AM Flis ('The Raftsman') (Overture) -
Works by WILLIAM GRANT STILL New World Records 80399 VIDEMUS
Works by WILLIAM GRANT STILL New World Records 80399 VIDEMUS William Grant Still (1895-1978) has often been termed the patriarchal figure in Black music and was the first Afro-American composer to secure extensive publication and significant performances. His works represent the culmination of musical aspirations of the Harlem Renaissance, in that they “elevated” folkloric materials. Such a concept, however, had been employed occasionally by earlier figures, including Harry T. Burleigh (1868-1949), Clarence Cameron White (1880-1960), R. Nathaniel Dett (1882-1943, New World NW 367), and Still’s Afro-British model and cultural hero, Samuel Coleridge-Taylor (1875-1912). Still was born in Woodville, Mississippi, and his early days were spent in Little Rock, Arkansas, where his mother moved after his father’s early death. His stepfather was a record collector, and those early opera discs and Still’s violin studies stimulated the youth’s interest in music. On graduation from high school, Still planned to study for a medical career, but his love of music was intensified at Wilberforce College in Ohio, and especially at Oberlin, where he heard a full orchestra for the first time. During this period, he worked in Memphis for W.C. Handy, subsequently joining him when Handy moved to New York City. In 1921 Hall Johnson recommended him as oboist for Ebie Blake’s Shuffle Along (NW 260) and, while touring in Boston with the show, Still secured composition lessons from George Whitfield Chadwick. After his return to New York, he studied with Edgard Varèse, although any avant-garde influence form this composer remains lost in Still’s earlier, withdrawn works. -
A Conductor's Compendium of Black American Orchestral Composers
University of South Carolina Scholar Commons Theses and Dissertations 2015 Expanding the American Canon: A Conductor's Compendium of Black American Orchestral Composers Nseobong Ekpo University of South Carolina - Columbia Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd Part of the Music Commons Recommended Citation Ekpo, N.(2015). Expanding the American Canon: A Conductor's Compendium of Black American Orchestral Composers. (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/3098 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you by Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. EXPANDING THE AMERICAN CANON: A CONDUCTOR’S COMPENDIUM OF BLACK AMERICAN ORCHESTRAL COMPOSERS by Nseobong E. Ekpo Bachelor of Music Education University of South Carolina, 2001 Master of Music University of South Carolina, 2005 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Musical Arts in Conducting School of Music University of South Carolina 2015 Accepted by: Donald Portnoy, Major Professor Birgitta J. Johnson, Committee Member Larry Wyatt, Committee Member Andrew Gowan, Committee Member Lacy Ford, Vice Provost and Dean of Graduate Studies © Copyright by Nseobong E. Ekpo, 2015 All Rights Reserved. ii DEDICATION To all of those composers of color who labored in the shadows… iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would first like to thank my wife, Tami Ekpo, for her love, undying support, and editing! Without her support I could not have completed this document. I also would like to thank Dr. James Wanliss for his encouragement and tough love.