The Princeton Seminary Bulletin [Vol

. .

‘

PRINCETON THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY

John Alexander Mackay, D.D., LL.D. President BOARD OF TRUSTEES

Peter K. Emmons, D.D., President Richard J. Dearborn, Esq., Vice-President Benjamin F. Farber, D.D., Secretary George W. Loos, Jr., Treasurer The Hanover Bank, New York, N.Y., Assistant Treasurer

To April, 1957 To April, 1958 To April, 1959

Peter K. Emmons, D.D. Albert J. McCartney, D.D., Stuart Nye Hutchison, D.D., Scranton, Penna. LL.D., L.H.D. LL.D. Washington, D.C. Pittsburgh, Penna. Wm. Hallock Johnson, Ph.D., D.D. Arthur M. Adams, D.D. Walter L. Whallon, D.D., Princeton, N.J. Rochester, N.Y. LL.D. Newark, N.J. Benjamin F. Farber, D.D. Hugh Ivan Evans, D.D. Cresskill, N.J. New York, N.Y. Ralph Cooper Hutchison, Ph.D., D.D. Major Henry D. Moore John G. Buchanan, LL.D. Easton, Penna. Sherrerd Pittsburgh, Penna. Haddonfield, N.J. John S. Linen, Esq. Wilbur LaRoe, Jr., LL.D. West Orange, N.J. W. Sherman Skinner, D.D. Washington, D.C. St. Louis, Mo. Weir C. Ketler, LL.D. Jasper Elliott Crane, Esq. Grove City, Penna. Thomas M. MacMillan, M.D. Wilmington, Del. Philadelphia, Penna. Henry E. Hird, Esq. Mrs. Charles O. Miller Ridgewood, N.J. E. Harris Harbison, Ph.D. Stamford, Conn. Richard Dearborn, Esq. Princeton, N.J. J. Raymond I. Lindquist, D.D. Bernardsville, N.J. Frank M. S. Shu, Esq. Hollywood, Calif. Charles T. Leber, D.D. Stamford, Conn. Allan M. Frew, D.D. New York, N.Y. Eugene Carson Blake, D.D. Detroit, Mich. John M. Templeton, Esq. Philadelphia, Penna. Englewood, N.J. Albert J. Hettinger, Jr., S. Carson Wasson, D.D. Ph.D. Clem Edward Bininger, D.D. Rye, N.Y. New York, N.Y. Kansas City, Mo.

Harry G. Kuch, Esq. Frederick E. Christian, D.D. George Hale Bucher, D.D. Philadelphia, Penna. Westfield, N.J. New Brunswick, N.J.

Died, April 12, 1957

Faculty Committee on Publications

James F. Armstrong Edward J. Jurji Otto Piper (Chairman) Kenneth S. Gapp John A. Mackay James K. Quay Edna Hatfield Donald Macleod

Published Quarterly by the Trustees of the Theological Seminary of the Presbyterian Church. Entered as second class matter May 1, 1907, at the Post office at Princeton, N.J., under the Act of Congress of July 16, 1894. :

The Princeton Seminary Bulletin [Vol. L MAY, 1957 Number 4 j

Donald Macleod, Editor Edward J. Jurji, Book Review Editor

The Gospel and Life’s Ultimates James A. Jones 3 Religion on the Air John Groller 10 jA Messenger of Grace J. Clyde Henry 17 (Worship and Evangelism Donald Macleod 26

Princetoniana Lefferts A. Loetscher 33

; Publications by the Faculty Donovan Norquist 37

|Alumni News Orion C. Hopper 44

I The Reverend Paul Martin: Memorial Minute 49

(iBook Reviews

Christian Ethics and Moral Philosophy, by Geo. F. Thomas Paul Lehman 52

The Middle East: Its Religion and Culture, by Edward Jurji Clifford Pollock 56

From the Tablets of Sumer, by Samuel Noah Kramer Henry S. Gehman 57

The Jews from Cyrus to Herod, by Norman Snaith Chas. T. Fritsch 57

He That Cometh, by S. Mowinckel Otto A. Piper 58

The Message of the Fourth Gospel, by Eric L. Titus 59

The Complete Writings of Menno Simons, by John Christian Wenger and Harold S. Bender 59

An Adventure in Love, by Wm. T. Thompson Howard T. Kuist 60

Atlas of the Bible, by L. H. Grollenberg (trans. and ed. by 61 J. M. H. Reid and H. H. Rowley) A New Testament Commentary: Vol. Ill, The Later Epistles [and] The Apocalypse, by Ronald Knox Bruce M. Metzger 62

The Lives and Legends of the Georgian Saints, by D. M. Lang 62

An Historian’s Approach to Religion, by Arnold J. Toynbee Norman V. Hope 63

The Christian Scholar in the Age of the Reformation, by E. H. Harbison 64

Calvin: Theological Treatises, Vol. XXII, Library of Chris-

tian Classics, ed. J. K. S. Reid 64

New Missionaries for New Days, by E. K. Higdon J. Christy Wilson 65

Body and Soul, by D. R. G. Owen Hugh T. Kerr 65 Christianity and the Existentialists, ed. by Carl Michalson Hugh T. Kerr 6(

I The Theology of Calvin, by Wilhelm Niesel 6;

In but Not of the World, by Robt. W. Spike E. G. Homrighausen Theology and Counseling, by Wm. E. Hulme

An Arrow into the Air, by John H. Withers Donald Macleod 6c

My Way of Preaching, ed. by Robert J. Smithson 6c

Prayers for the Pulpit, by Walter G. Gray 7 c

* IN THIS ISSUE

: t

n response to many requests, we print in this issue the first of three ad- a I dresses given by Dr. James A. Jones at the 1956 Alumni Fall Conference.' Dr. Jones, who is the new president of Union Theological Seminary, Rich- mond, Va., informs us that the whole series will appear in book form in the near future.

A very clear and informative article, entitled “Religion on the Air,” has'i :

been prepared for us by Mr. John Groller, who is Secretary for Religious 1 Broadcasting for the Board of National Missions and Visiting Lecturer in 1 Religious Radio and Television at the Seminary. We are grateful to Mr. Groller for his admirable presentation of the challenge and opportunity of modern religious broadcasting.

In recent weeks, death has claimed a distinguished alumnus in the per-’ son of the Reverend Clarence Edward Macartney, minister emeritus of the

First Presbyterian Church, Pittsburgh, Pa. One of his former associates, : the Reverend J. Clyde Henry, minister of the First Presbyterian Church, Lambertville, N.J., has prepared a worthy tribute to Dr. Macartney which we are making available to the alumni in this issue.

It was the privilege of your editor to give two lectures on Worship last autumn at the annual Conference on Evangelism of the United Church of Canada at Whitby, Ontario. The substance of these lectures was put in pamphlet form and appears here under the title “Worship and Evangelism.”

We are grateful to the Reverend Donovan Norquist, assistant to the Dean of Field Service, for his careful and painstaking work in the preparation of the annual list of publications by the Faculty. D.M. :

THE GOSPEL AND LIFE’S ULTIMATES*

James A. Jones

t would not be much of a story which otry or ignorance would claim to be I had no conclusion. Regardless of able to see “all things,” for there are how attractively begun and how well glories which “wait to be revealed.” developed an accounting may be, unless But there are glories which were meant

it comes to some pertinent and propor- to be seen, and we should set out to see

tionate point, it never lays hold upon them, for our instruction and for our ithe mind and heart of any man. All of consolation.

us have shared the feeling of having I. been “let down” by some narrative that The first thing to be said is that the i came to a poor and senseless climax. Bible has an urgent and uninterrupted What started out with promise and concern for the end of the Gospel story. moved along as on a swelling tide should A case in point is this affirmation by not trickle to a trifling end. A brook the Apostle Paul may finish its course in a pasture-lake, but the River is not content Amazon “For I reckon that the sufferings of until it its tortuous the works way to this present time are not worthy to vast reaches of the sea. It is not too be compared with the glory which say that the true of much to measure shall be revealed to us” (Romans any event is not taken until there is 8:18). some adequate estimate of the dimen- sions belonging to its conclusion. It is always wise to give heed to the

Of this we may be sure : The Gospel sayings of a man who is careful with of the Lord Jesus Christ, so majesti- his words. The Apostle Paul was not a cally begun with Christmas, so enthrall- phrase-maker. Time and again, as every ingly embodied in his ministry upon student of his writings has observed, he the earth, so dramatically continued in seems to run out of terms sizeable

the long span of the centuries as gallant enough to fit his thoughts. When his souls have come to him out of every soul was caught in some rapture born race and clan under the sun who dared of meditating upon the splendid love of to strike covenant with him, is certain God, he would leap from prose to po-

I to have an end worthy of his grandeur. etry in an instant, finding the narrow During these services we will be turn- corridor of simple speech too constrict- ing our hearts to that Climax. So far ing a quarter in which to voice his large as we have been enabled to see, we will convictions. On other occasions he was look to the end of the story. Only big- as precise and as rigid in his argument as a technician in his laboratory. In this * The first in a series of three addresses particular text given at the Alumni Conference at Princeton he says, Seminary in September 1956. It should be noted that the fashion of public address has “I reckon that the sufferings of this been preserved. present time are not worthy to be 4 THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN

compared with the glory which shall “the whole creation is groaning ir eve

be revealed in us.” travail, longing for the appearance oi He

the sons of God,” for Mark the phrase, “I reckon.” It is the t

language of mathematics. Here is a and with so little evidence of such , man any , f doing his sums. He has taken into ac- apocalypse. We are as people sitting ini (er all the count adversities that beset him great darkness, needing nothing sc : ;t

and his fellow Christians within the much as to have some light break upon , f context of a world where there is hard- us. We are dwelling in the shadow of ship for believing and where the very death, and the signs of life-giving pow- in course of things seems to mock every ers are too few and too far between. To to hope of anything better to come. He the degree that we estimate properly of

puts down all the liabilities : the night in which we live and the death e we seem doomed to die apart from as- “Tribulation, distress, persecution, sistance, we lay hold upon the contex- famine, nakedness, peril, sword, life, tual mood in which the Gospel of God death, angels, principalities, powers, can be understood. And from the start things present, things to come, height, i an integral part of that Gospel has been depth,” 0 a revelation about the ultimate course of s things.

and, as if he could have omitted any 1 II. peril, he gives a cover-all phrase, “or l

any other creature.” The second thing to be marked in any : There, indeed, is a catalogue of trou- pursuit of this inquiry is that many bles. Let a man write his own, with all nominal Christians seem to have no con- the extravagance prompted by acute cern whatever for the patterns assumed misery, and he will have done no more in the final course of events. This lack of than borrow a scant portion of the interest may be attributed to several fac-

Apostle’s list. Paul takes the total of tors. For one thing, there have been ex-

them, and a grim total it is. He looks tremists whose exclusive preoccupation at the total without blinking. He knew with the so-called “Second Coming of wretchedness, of which some men so Christ” has made the subject distasteful glibly speak, from the anguish of his to others whose moderation in emphasis own personal experience. But when he has been due to a desire to deal with

has measured it all, down to the last the full orb of the Gospel’s truth. Some bitter dregs, off to the far reaches of people talk so passionately about the human desolation, he says such things, “return” of the Lord as to seem to for- even compounded, are “not worthy to get those blessed consequences of his be compared” with that glory which former advent and his present work. God waits to reveal to us. They have scheduled when and how he If such be the case, then with what will “come again” to a degree of detail pertinence the Bible speaks to us in our that is little short of blasphemy. They day. The sensible man, to say nothing are so dogmatic about their convictions of the sensitive man, cannot get away as to the appointments of his “return” from the encompassing shadows and that those who do not share their views deep sadness of our time. Surely, still, are deemed agnostics or fools. For them ;

THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN 5 levery verse in the Scripture has a dou- grace in the admixture of yesterday and ble meaning—a meaning for the unin- today, with one tomorrow, or two, formed, and a deeper, more relevant thrown in. They are not at all disposed meaning for those who understand the to gum up the works by any intimate several “dispensations” of God’s mys- association with the long years of the terious providence. Not long ago a min- future. Scientists tell us that the sun ister was occupying a church as a tem- of our solar system is wearing out; porary supply. He was one of those that its days are numbered. And they whose whole Gospel appeared to center tell us that when it has burnt itself out in the fact of the Lord’s imminent re- the earth will no longer be habitable. A turn to the earth. Some of the members man could begin to get excited about of the church suggested that a call be that, until the scientist tells him that the extended to him to become the church’s sun is more than apt to go along with- pastor. One officer, who had heard the out any noticeable change for another four sermons already preached, each of million years, or so. Then, sighing in re- which had affirmed that the “night was lief, a fellow shuts the subject out of at hand,” that the Lord was sure to mind, for those years will more than come within a few days, objected by take care of him and his family for un- saying, “If what the minister is saying marked generations to come. is not true, we would not want him Something of that belongs to a con- and if what he is saying is true, we will sideration of the ultimate events in the not get the call through Presbytery be- Gospel. To us the events seem so far fore Christ shall have come again.” This off, so unrelated to the desperate and kind of warped exegesis of the Scrip- urgent business of here and now, that we ture which makes a secret and haughty surmise there is no sure word about

society of those who share its fallacies them if there be ; and any sure word, we

has turned more temperate, but no less need not bother to hear it, for the word earnest men from giving a due emphasis will relate to a time when we have lost to the facts which forerun and accom- any personal share in whatever happens. pany the Climax of the Gospel. I cannot stop here to deal with all that Another reason for the neglect has is implied in such a notion. We shall be been the sense of vagueness with which considering it again. Let this much be

nominally Christian people contemplate emphatic : Whether or not the “final the final shape of things. They find life event” is remote, we cannot say. But

here and now enough of a puzzle for this can be said, remote or not, it will be them. They see no sense in borrowing exceedingly personal. Every man of us

trouble, adding confusion to their own will most certainly have a share in it. contemporary faith, by attempting to God has made us in his own image. be specific about “that far off divine He has set “eternity in our hearts.” We event toward which the whole creation are more than flesh and bone, assigned moves.” It is not that they doubt the a span of three-score-and-ten years, reality of the event. It is rather that give or take a few one way or the other, they doubt their ability to make heads on this whirling planet. He is not done or tails out of it. It is hard enough for with us when we die. And what is more, them to trace the pattern of a beneficent we are not done with ourselves. What :

6 THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN we judge as a reason to neglect the doc- going to multiply its God-like traits and trine, that it will be altogether imper- endeavours. sonal, is the exact opposite of the rea- Such objections, quite frankly, are son the Scriptures insist upon its cen- not honest with the record. The truth trality. Here, as everywhere in the Gos- is that only that society seems to get pel, is a direct word straight to the heart along with its divinely appointed chores of every man : God will be busy with which has come to some inviolate con- the world which he has made when he viction about the conclusion of society brings the “creature-story” to an end. itself. It will be granted that the dis- But there is this, too, and above all ciples of the New Testament were rather he will be busy with each person he has good social workers. They had an eye made and to whom a name has been on the wrongs of the generation in given. which they lived. They were eager to III. have a hand in mending such wrongs. From their charity and sympathy, One other factor can be mentioned as learned from the Best Friend of all, the contributing to the neglect of this aspect refreshing springs of benevolence have of our Gospel : We cannot see the rele- erupted all over the world. From them vance of the truth to the difficult and we have learned such simple things as serious endeavours of our discipleship the dignity of each man, the place of at the moment. We will admit that what honor in all the involvements with life, has begun ought to have a conclusion the virtue of integrity, the responsibil- we will admit that the Gospel had its ity of citizenship, and the healing min- beginnings, and that its ending is a istry of churchmen. Let it not be im- proper assumption. We may even admit plied that the New Testament has any that each of us shall have some genuine truck with a notion of Christian service and eternal interest in the “Climax” of which does not commit a fellow, with- God’s particular providence. But we out reservation, to the sanctity of the cannot say that such admissions release ground on which he stands. Let no man us from the pressure of current events. have the suspicion that the Bible is pre- And, we will go on to say that when the occupied with “heaven” to the point Church has let itself become absorbed that it has no abiding interest in this in the doctrine of eschatology, it has world which God has made. seemed rather content to let the world The exact opposite is the truth. The go to the dogs. It will be declared that missionary enterprise of the New Tes- when people focus upon the ultimate tament was launched on the basis of the work of God in the affairs of this earth, eternal significance of life. The mood of they to lose any sense of the im- seem our generation is faulty at the point of with the divine portance of getting on making this life an end in itself. As such, affairs of day’s round. It is feared each believe me, it is a hopeless affair. A man that we may talk so insistently about ought not to have to argue that point. “the new Jerusalem coming down out The vanity of our race is nowhere more of heaven as a bride adorned for her evident than in the recurrent notion that husband,” as to overlook the fact that we can set the house of this world in every city needs some tidying up if it is order. No illusion is so persistent, and THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN 7

i none so tragic. We were going to “make volvement with the holy duties of this the world safe for democracy” nearly world. That is not an “escape mechan- forty years ago. And we meant it! We ism” by which a man to whom God

1 were tired of war. We were saddened counts finds a way of squaring the ad- by the sight of senseless suffering. We versities of the present with his philos- knew there had to be a higher sover- ophy about the benefactions of God him-

' eignty than the will of the mighty in self. That is a simple statement of truth : the tangled affairs of nations. So we That there is more to what we call proposed a government by law. The “Christianity” than this world can con- house of our dreams toppled down at tain. A Christian is meant to be what Geneva, which, strangely enough was in this world he can never become. Hu- the site of another recent gathering of man society, if you will let me put it so, nations to try to find some path out of is destined for an excellence which is the wilderness. Before a generation had forever thwarted by mortality. | passed from the scene, the world was For about a hundred and fifty years spilt I drenched in blood again. And the prior to 1940 one of the distinguishing

end is not yet ! Perhaps not another characteristics of the Christian Church war, certainly not until we make some was the recovery of an emphasis upon new rules for the game. But war or not what has been called “The Social Gos- we are a riven, tragedy-beset, haunted pel.” Strangely enough theology and humanity. We are as a score of other ethics had become divorced in many civilizations, doomed for that dump- quarters. Men, with a proper concern heap where history casts off the cul- to see to an accurate formation of the tures that outlived their usefulness. Creeds of the Church, had allowed themselves to be obsessed with the for- IV. mulae of religion, while seeming to for- It is to such a state of affairs that the get its practical implications. They were Gospel of coming things is spoken. And so preoccupied with God, as it were, that Gospel, so definitely a part of the that they forgot their neighbor. They revelation which God has made of His were so anxious to get straight on the Will and of man’s duty, has an em- “genuineness of faith,” that they over- phasis which no generation ever needed looked the accompanying centrality of more than our own. Dr. A. H. Strong, works. When the Church mended this one of the ablest systematic theologians fault, it perpetuated the human error of of our land once observed, carrying reformation to an extreme, thus fashioning a new heresy. And for

“Neither the individual Christian over a century it appeared to the casual character, nor the Christian church observer that the Christian community as a whole, attain to destined perfec- was bent and determined to bring the tion in this life. This perfection is “Kingdom of God” to this world. We

reached in the world to come” ( Sys- had an idea of setting things straight tematic Theology, page 981). between men, of establishing better conditions under which men could work, Now, that is not a lamentable “other- better houses in which men could live, worldliness” which shies away from in- better schools in which the young could 8 THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN be trained, better hospitals in which the household, of an office where he worked, sick could be treated, better govern- of a campus where he was a student, of ments for the control of men’s affairs a girl with whom he means to spend his and for the expression of that spark of years, of a church where he has prayed, divinity which was part of the human of the sight of children playing in a park, creation. The Church, in a manner of of days when his fellows were not sun- speaking, became so involved with what dered by a line, of times when men could was going on here and now, and what walk erect without fear of sudden death. was sure to go on for another fifty He would keep to his post. He would do years, as to lose sight of what was go- his job, the job at hand, without coming to transpire in all eternity. plaining. He would add valour to mem- By no means is the suggestion made ory. But he would not choose to stay that we should abdicate again the “field there forever. which is” our contemporary “world.” That, in substance, is the purpose of No man can love God who does not God’s revelation about ultimate things. manifest that love by some sacrificial We are not meant to stay here forever. concern for and labour in behalf of his And we shall not! No wonder, then, fellowmen. No man can have any stake that the Assembly of the World Coun- in God’s coming world who does not cil of Churches in Evanston, Illinois, give himself to seeing that God has his selected as its theme : “The Christian way in this present world. But the Hope.” The world is too much with us and it is too much for us. But it is Christian lives with this tension—The ;

not for ! Christian Kingdom of God is not of this world. too much God The hope, to borrow Barth’s Nothing all Christians can do together word ( Dog- matics in Outline, page does not can make this mortal framework of life 131) “melt into an indeterminate expectation a fit and final place for the discipline of some sort of dreamed-of-glory.” of Christ and for the unimpaired sov- That “hope” is grounded on a proper ereignty of the Lord. Samuel Ruther- estimate of coming events and a proper ford was right when, contemplating the judgment concerning events that must kind of world in which he lived and the transpire before the kingdom is given kind of world in which he worked faith- over unto our Lord and His Christ. fully for the outreach of God’s redemp- Those events are these : Death the ; tive mercy, he observed, “Fie, fie, this intermediate estate between death and is not like my country.” Any man who the conclusion of mortality which God has travelled over a share of this earth himself shall work; the Second Com- knows what he meant. To sit in a hovel ing of our Lord in power and in great when one has lived in a comfortable glory; and the judgment which shall is to be convinced that with home the establish forever God’s order for all hovel a man ought never to be satisfied. people and for his whole creation. Let What young man in this group has ever there come to us by grace a proper es- said to himself, huddled against a win- timate of what it means to die. And ter’s rain on the edge of some battle- there are those who have gone on ahead field, “Here let me stay forever!” Not of us what of them ? Christ came to ; so not with memories of his own announce a Kingdom he shall come to — ; !

THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN 9

establish it. Last of all, the Gospel, with It is wonder even now. But, obviously, Christ as Judge, affirms that there is the end is not yet. Equally obvious is something eternal about the joys of the fact that the end will be, when God salvation and something eternal about shall perfect what in mercy and power the misery of sin. he commenced. Down through the ages

To be sure, it isn’t much of a story men of faith, not blind to their suffer- which does not come to some proper ings, have kept heart and hope in pros- conclusion. The Gospel of the Lord pect of glories yet to be revealed. Can Jesus Christ until now is of what he has we say for ourselves with reassurance, “begun to do and to teach.” It has been “The best is yet to be” ? That is the well begun and miraculously continued. Gospel

COMMENCEMENT CALENDAR

Sunday, June 2

4 :oo p.m. Baccalaureate Service Celebration of the Lord’s Supper Dr. James K. Quay Miller Chapel

Monday, June 3

12:30 p.m. Reunion Luncheons 4 :oo p.m. Reception at “Springdale” by President and Mrs. Mackay 6:00 p.m. Alumni Banquet and Annual Meeting of the Alumni Association The Campus Center

Tuesday, June 4

10:30a.m. Commencement Exercises: The Chapel of Princeton University Address by The Reverend H. Ganse Little, D.D. Minister, Pasadena Presbyterian Church, Pasadena, California. !

Religion on the Air

John Groller

his coin collection can on the coun- you, He that believeth on me, the works ter of the radio-TV store was dif- that I do shall he do also and greater T ; ferent. I was accustomed to seeing works than these shall he do because ; them labeled “Help the March of . . I go unto my Father.”

“Contribute to the Heart . . etc. But Are radio and television not miracle boldly printed across this one were the media—“greater works” that allow us !” words “Help Stamp Out TV to go through closed doors and touch With a wry smile many ministers people with the Word of God? People will second this emotion, because this who might not be reached otherwise? is the day of broadcasting—radio, and Supplanting the old-fashioned circuit now television—with all its problems. rider with the speed of light, has not And potential! In fact, never has there broadcasting become the modern day been such a truly communications age. “electronic circuit rider”?

For religion . . . broadcasting presents A Hollywood actress thrilled recent- an opportunity to reach more people ly over the thought that her one-shot with the Word of God than have be- network TV performance would reach a longed to the Christian Church since greater audience than could see her in its founding. person if she played the same role in a In the beginning of 1957—thirty- Broadway theatre six nights a week for seven years since the advent of radio, 250 years. there are over 3500 radio stations, both With one radio or television sermon AM and FM, on the air in America. over a large city station a minister can According to the United States census, preach to more human souls than could 98 per cent plus homes have at least gather in his average-size sanctuary if one radio set. In addition, there are 40 he had a different congregation attend million sets in cars. And, not to be each Sunday for 40 years. caught between home and car without What a challenge this represents for a radio, teenage America carries a port- the church of Jesus Christ.

able ! I. Nobody listens to radio or watches television but the people. Fortunately, the American broad- 78 percent of American homes are casting industry has been quite gen- now equipped with a television set, and erous in offering free time for religious served by 500 stations. Next—global broadcasts as a public service to the TV, in color yet. Imagine seeing in the major faiths and representative denomi- natural hues of the spectrum a church nations. It’s my considered opinion that service coming into our living rooms by and large broadcasters have con- direct from Palestine, Rome, or Edin- tributed more for religion on the air burgh. Or Princeton Chapel than we, in turn, have done to redeem Jesus said, “Verily, verily, I say unto the time. My observation has been that — !

THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN ii they’re willing to provide even more having the greatest message in the time for good programs. More time world. We should acknowledge that as a matter of fact, than we are current- commercial broadcasters have the know- ly able to handle well. how—the successful techniques, for ef- And yet, hundreds of seminary grad- fective communication. uates are being turned out every year Let’s get the two together. into the communities of America and II. the world to face a veritable forest of microphones and television cameras. Network broadcasting standards have They receive practically the same train- improved considerably over the years. ing their fathers did before them in But the most important broadcaster is 1920 B.B.—Before Broadcasting. To the local broadcaster. This is because my knowledge only one seminary in- he’s closer to the language and prob-

cludes a required course in broadcast- lems of his people ; and because he’s ing in its curriculum. there on the spot to follow up the in- Princeton offers three broadcasting terest aroused—something not conven- courses as electives, and it is my privi- ient for the network broadcaster to lege to teach two of these. One is an do from New York, Chicago, or Holly- orientation course in general radio wood. and television background the other Some of us may not like Arthur ; God- stresses the actual production of vari- frey, but we should have his audience ous types of radio and television pro- Why don’t we? Not that religion grams the third offers a of ever or should ; and survey can— —compete with world-wide broadcasting and films, strictly entertainment for mass audi- stressing audio-visuals. ence. But—and here is where I think In addition, Princeton enjoys radio we need to face ourselves—do we not equipment, facilities and trained per- address most of our church programs sonnel to match many commercial sta- on the air to mainly our very own . . . tions. Television equipment is more to those church members already in the costly, but it is hoped that in time fold? In this we are reminded of semi- Princeton studios will also be TV- nary professors accused of “writing equipped for training purposes. books to each other.” A good beginning, but for the most The total air audience comprises part religion at large demonstrates an more than just our church affiliated indifference toward radio and televi- people. And this is the consummate sion. This apathy is reflected in almost concern of the broadcasting industry. total neglect of the media ... or a Should it not also be ours? singularly poor air performance. Ac- III. cording to professional standards religious broadcasting generally leaves A rough break-down of the mass much to be desired. broadcast audience is as follows : The The solution seems to be the finest first group consists of the regular combination of good religion and good church attenders and supporters. Ap- broadcasting. proximately 30 per cent. The second We in the church pride ourselves on group consists of nominal church-re- : ;

12 THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN lated folk—the back-sliders, Christmas- people ? How? To do what? Should not and-Easter variety, and those whose af- our overall purpose be to evangelize, filiation never really “took.” Approxi- to reach out and gain more souls for mately 30 per cent also. The third Christ? group is composed of the non-church Some ministers have told me the only related. Approximately 40 per cent. reason they participate on the local Isn’t this the group that basically we Morning Devotions radio series is “be- !” should be after? cause it was my turn They don’t know Yet—most of our broadcasting ef- why they are broadcasting, or what’s forts are beamed to group No. 1, par- expected of them. ticularly shut-ins. What about that In answer to this problem the Broad- greater group—the shut-outs ? casting and Film Commission of our Granted that it’s easier to prepare National Council of Churches has programs to our own. Many ministers adopted the following purposes for merely rehash and boil down their Sun- broadcasting: (a) To win listeners and day sermon when called on to broadcast. viewers to the Christian faith : by in- It isn’t too difficult to deliver a talk struction in Christian living by having ; or sermon to a select or homogeneous programs for those who have no con- group—whether for the women’s cir- tact with the Church and are unfamiliar cle, cub scout pack, Florence Crittenden with forms of worship, the life, and the of the Church and by having home, PTA organization, Kiwanis language ; Club, reformatory inmates, grange programs for particular audiences such group, or Phi Beta banquet. But now as children, young people, the family, imagine that you’re addressing all of the aged, the ill, etc., thereby seeking these people at the same time—plus to meet their special needs, (b) To build others too numerous to ignore, and you a stronger Christian family : by helping begin to get the picture of the hetero- the local Church to become stronger geneous broadcast audience. and by creating a better understanding With radio and television people don’t of the local and world-wide services of watch or listen out of mere courtesy. the Church, (c) To make known the

They do it because they want to. And Christian Gospel to every person every- when that happens with a religious pro- where : God as the One to whom the listeners or viewer belongs Jesus as gram we’ve succeeded in speaking to ; Saviour the Bible as the a need they recognize ... a hunger they the continuing ; of eternal truths the yearn for. Yet this doesn’t happen very bearer ; and Church often. Why? Why not? Because of as the family of believers around the four inherent weaknesses in our ap- world. proach to broadcasting (d) To help the different religious groups to understand each other, (e) (i) To work with the radio, television and First—lack of a clear-cut goal. Com- film industry toward the presentation mercial broadcasters know very defi- of the best in religious programming. nitely why they’re on the air—to move Are these not worthy purposes to goods off the shelf. Should we not move which you too would subscribe? THE PRINCETON SEMIN ARY BULLETIN 13

establishing them with the church. Sev- («) eral years ago “The Midnight Minis- A second basic weakness is our fail- ter” went on radio in the south answer- ure to think in terms of suitable program ing questions phoned in while the pro- formats for the media. We’re reluctant gram was on the air. It has since been to depart from the hallowed and tradi- widely copied. Different? Sure. But so tional worship and devotional pro- are these times . . . and the miracle me- grams. And yet—isn’t that exactly what dia that allow us to take advantage of non-religious folk reject by not coming them. into our churches in the first place? To the minister hesitant to be placed In radio the three most popular pro- in such an untraditional, off-beat spot, gram forms are music, news, and dra- let me add reassuringly that certainly ma. In television, drama, variety and he has much more to offer listeners comedy, and quiz. than the blabber-mouth disc-jockey who I’m not suggesting that we eliminate presides with great fanfare over the worship and devotional programs. Let’s “TNT” show—referring to the Time, build a greater variety of programs in the News, and Temperature. Worthy order to attract the shut-outs into our services these. But don’t we have an- Christian fellowship. other kind of “TNT”—The New Tes- For one thing—more music pro- tament ? grams. There’s a crying need for new If I seem to have stressed radio so musical arrangements to add freshness far I do so purposely. While many of to our wealth of fine hymns and an- us are enamored by the more glamorous thems—the kind of thing Fred Waring television, I believe that religion’s great- has done. est broadcast opportunity still lies with Most radio stations would accept, I’m radio. sure, the interesting story of a hymn For one thing, there are almost seven with a simple performance, either re- times more radio than TV stations. Pro- corded or live, of “The Hymn for To- gram time is easier to get on radio. Al- day.” so, it’s simpler and cheaper to produce Many stations would also welcome a radio program. a program of religious news. Not an- But even more important is the fact nouncements of church lawn socials, that radio is an audio medium. Religion Sunday School picnics or the topic of is largely symbolic. Greater images can the minister’s sermon next Sunday. But be stimulated in the imaginative mind an actual reporting of church world of the listener than can be defined in news, with possibly a Christian com- TV’s confining picture. How for exam- mentary on the highlight story of the ple, can the TV screen adequately show day or week. This type program would creation, salvation, repentance, forgive- also lend itself to a brief feature inter- ness, love, mercy and humility ? Even if view with a visitor or outstanding local the television camera focuses on the personality. speaker, the very fact he is Handsome Counseling programs can render a Harry or Homely Henry can detract very definite service to broadcast listen- from what is being said. Flave you not ers and provide a possible first link of been disappointed by suddenly seeing on :!

14 THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN

TV an artist’s conception of something gram (usually commercial) with a you depicted much better in your own guaranteed audience. mind ? Or seeing a character whose Examples are the Ganado Mission long-familiar disembodied voice aroused Choir on the network radio “Monitor” in your fertile imagination a much more series; Brick Presbyterian Church Bell favorable image? Ringers’ Choir on the “Garry Moore We must remember that radio is Show”; Eugene Carson Blake on “To- purely audio. And television is, or day” with Dave Garroway; the Na- should be, primarily video. Yet, most tional Missions Secretary for Work in pastors approach a TV program with a Alaska, J. Earle Jackman, complete with script written for radio. The mere totem pole, parka and Eskimo yo-yo, photographing of a radio show does not on Art Linkletter’s “House Party.” necessarily produce a television pro- The advantages of this unique meth- gram. The industry recognizes a dis- od of broadcasting are: (a) You reach tinct difference in the two media. So a ready-built bonus audience—in many must we. cases an audience that might not other- That is not to say that television does wise hear a religious message, (b) Re- not hold a terrific potential for religion. ligion and religious leaders are put into It does. But it’s more costly and more a larger setting as a normal part of

. . is community life instead of something set difficult . and time harder to ob- tain. Two things that radio can do bet- apart on Sundays, (c) The prestige of ter than TV consistently are music and the secular program may give added im- news. petus to religion. People are apt to be Other types of program possibilities more impressed by a layman’s interest in religion than a message from a minis- are quiz—especially for children . . . ter particularly if the layman has a women’s . . . children’s song and story- — large and devoted following, as so many telling . . . discussion . . . and drama. popular broadcasters have. In demonstrating sample tape record- ings of these diversified program types (iii) during my travel conferences and train- A third basic weakness is our attempt ing sessions, radio station managers and to crowd too much—too many ideas, program directors present invariably into a single program. Remember that come up with, “You fellows can have the broadcast audience does not have a all the time on the air you want if you’ll script or book to follow you . . . and give us programs like that !” Here’s refer back to. So, footnotes are out. Re- proof that the hard attitude of some member too that the span of auditory station toward our pro- management attention is fairly short. grams is really a defense mechanism In a nutshell : tell them what you’re against inferior broadcasts that do not going to tell them . . . tell them . . . hold—much less build—an audience. then tell them what you’ve told them A growing field for religious broad- This is illustrated in the earthy casting is the area of Special Events. preacher’s promise to his congregation Here a religious program or personality “I’m going to tell you three things is placed on a popular, established pro- about Barnabas. First—he was blind. THE PRINCETON SEMIN ARY BULLETIN IS

blind. all its clarity we might as well be speak- : Second ... he was stone- And the third thing I’m going to tell you ing “in tongues.”

about Barnabas—he couldn’t see a So—write the way you talk . . . !” wink normally . . . conversationally. Use the

Remember the professor’s admoni- simple word . . . short sentence . . . contractions. tion to his advertising class : “Never yea, even In preparing

. . like repeat for emphasis. I repeat, never re- your radio or TV talk . punctuate !” peat for emphasis this ... to help interpret phrases . . .

the natural grouping of ideas . . . not (iv) to satisfy orthodox grammar.

The fourth basic weakness : the fail- Consider your air audience—a moth- ure to sound “human” because of an- er, father and one or two children. Re- cient and academic concepts of writing member, you’re talking to them, indi-

. . . and speaking. vidually, ... to each single heart and

For example—we are taught practi- mind. So—be natural . . . conversational

cally Victorian style prose in school. . . . be human.

The emphasis is on how impressive it And yet, I’ve met ministers in broad- will look in a book. Read the material cast training workshops for whom this

aloud and it sounds like a book wired was almost an impossibility. So far had for sound. Much of the human-ness has they removed themselves from man’s

often been drained out by the time it mundane mediocrity that they sounded appears in cold, black type. On the air at all times—even when I tried to throw this can be quite deadly. them off pedestal-balance by tossing in

The broadcasting media—with its in- “Warm enough for you?” . . . like the timate person-to-person appeal with the pontifical parson with the halo in his heart-beat of the spoken word—have throat. breathed new life into stilted, bookish A psychological analysis of Arthur language. Nothing has happened quite Godfrey’s success in the rapport he has

like it since the invention of the print- established with his listeners states that ing press and the Bible’s translation in- an important factor is his “fallibility”

to the language of the people of that . . . his proneness to error—a sure sign day. of identifiability that every listener has As a result, newspapers are bright- with even the exalted. ening up their rigid, mechanical style. There’s a parable for ministers in the Leading magazines like The Reader’s story of the scout executive who, en- Digest have pioneered in the simple vied his position implying lively outdoor and expressive “talky” me-to-you lan- fellowship with red-blooded youngsters, guage. replied laconically, “In my work I never For its lofty and mystic language re- see a boy. Nothing but adult commit- ligion is often accused of helping to tees.” In our church work we, too, can confuse the confused. Second only to get so far removed from the people that the incomprehensible legalisms of law- we lose the ability to speak their lan- yers and meaningless mish-mash of cer- guage. tain philosophers is the “gospel gobble- Your most successful air personali- dygook” of some men of the cloth. For ties are those who acquired the knack ! i6 THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN of just chatting—Godfrey, Galen Drake, program, “Frontiers of Faith.” And Bing Crosby, Perry Como, Jack Webb, during Lent the Seminary is featured Steve Allen, Franklin D. Roosevelt, on a New Jersey television station un- Mary Margaret McBride, Garry Moore, der the auspices of the State Council of and Dave Garroway. Churches. Yes, Princeton is “radio-ac- The broadcasting minister should tive.” imagine a father, mother, and a child or Many of the sect groups spend as two seated at arm’s length in the privacy much in producing their lone national of his study. Now talk to them—ad- network broadcasts as we 30 “standard- dressing each in turn with the lower brands” denominations allot for all our conversational tone of your voice, quiet- combined radio and TV efforts through ly .. . earnestly. Chat . . . just chat in- our Broadcasting and Film Commis- formally . . . conversationally. sion. And locally we ofttimes decry the broadcasts of the “splinter groups.” One IV. such critic was deflated recently with Religion has developed to date per- this remark, “I like what they are do- haps only one really professional broad- ing . . . better than what you are not !” caster. We Protestants have yet to come doing forth with a truly dynamic, outstand- You can help by cooperating with ing radio or TV personality. the Broadcasting Chairmen now ap- Broadcasting is big business. The pointed in all our synods and presby- audience it delivers is massive ... al- teries. Help them to channel our Pres- most frightening—if you’re not selling byterian efforts into the local coopera- soap, soup, cigarettes or second-hand tive programming of the Ministerial As- cars. What an opportunity for the sociation or Council of Churches. And church! We must take radio and tele- coordinate the related programs of our vision seriously. We must support them National Council’s Broadcasting and

. . . and train our religious leaders to Film Commission to the significant lo- use them wisely. Happy to note, 17 cal scene. Princeton Seminary professors, includ- Not to use radio and television to ing the President, participated two years the utmost of our ability is to be dere- ago in a TV Bible series over a Phila- lict in our Christian duty. delphia station. Student-written radio Just think—with one radio or tele- scripts titled “Today’s Good Word” and vision broadcast in the average large developed in my Production Class are city you can reach more people with receiving wide usage . . . and are be- the Word of God than Jesus did in his ing emulated. Just this season the Semi- lifetime . . . and St. Paul in his entire nary choir appeared on the network TV ministry ;

A MESSENGER OF GRACE

CLARENCE EDWARD MACARTNEY: 1879-1957

J. Clyde Henry

hen death claims a man who has to explain another’s character. Like Wbeen held in high admiration and some unknown island which presents to affection, one begins fondly to em- the explorer only its shoreline, now broider cherished memories, so that the rocky and forbidding, now pleasant and stark outline may be preserved in living inviting, while the heart-land is unre-

I colors. There is the temptation that the vealed, so is man. Yet, where its streams heart will give wings to rhapsodic ut- and fountains flow into the sea, there terance unshared by those to whom he may be found, carried on its waters, was a stranger. But there is the danger, evidences of an inner life easy to in- equally grave, that those who knew him terpret and to understand. And the soul j i only from afar may not know the in- of every man has such inlets where the

! spiration and ideals that made the man. heart is revealed. William Cowper, in The Task, describes the character of the true min- I

ister : One cannot begin to understand Dr. Macartney as a person until he discov- I would express him simple, grave, ers the unfailing springs of inspiration sincere which flowed from his home. Dr. Joseph In doctrine uncorrupt in language ; Longfellow McCartney was pastor of plain, the First Miami Church of the Cove- And plain in manner decent, solemn, ; nanters in Northwood, Ohio, and Pro- chaste, fessor of Natural Science at Geneva And natural in gesture much im- ; College, the Covenanter School located press’d there, when his last child and fourth Himself, as conscious of his awful son was born on September 18 charge, , 1879 , and given the ponderous name Clarence And anxious mainly that the flock Edward Noble. The father received his he feeds theological preparation in the small May feel it too affectionate in look, ; Covenanter in And tender in address, as well Seminary Allegheny becomes (now Pittsburgh), Pennsylvania, and A messenger of grace to guilty men. his scientific training under the famous Professor Agassiz of Harvard. In his Clarence Edward Macartney could have youth he had some exciting experiences sat for that portrait. He was such a on the Underground Railway, which messenger of grace. may help to explain his son’s fascina-

Man is such a mystery to himself tion with the Civil War history and its that it seems presumptuous to attempt personalities. He was a man of strong i8 THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN personality and extraordinarily wide often be very effective. If a man has general knowledge. had a godly home and godly parents, ! The mother, however, by the unani- references to that home and to his par- mous testimony of the children, was the ents will always be acceptable and time- dominant personality in the home. She ly.” was born Catherine Robertson in Scot- In 1880 Geneva College moved from land, and came to America as a bride the banks of the Miami to a location in 1868. She was a woman of high cul- overlooking the lovely Beaver valley ture, wide learning, broad sympathies above the town of Beaver Falls in West- and deep spirituality. Her example in ern Pennsylvania. The McCartneys built caring for the poor of the community, the first faculty house on the new cam- 1 in organizing Sunday Schools for those pus and named it Fern Cliffe. Guests, remote from the churches, her singing such as John G. Paton, brought some- the songs of faith and home, her narra- thing of the romance of travel, the dig- tion of stories on Sabbath afternoons, nity of Christian statesmanship, and the made indelible impressions on her chil- necessity of Christian evangelism and dren. missions. The pranks of the college stu-

' Dr. Macartney described his home dents and the exploits of athletic teams thus : . . a godly father and godly brought spice to life, whose flavor Doc- mother, working and praying for their tor Macartney always enjoyed. In his 1

Lord and their children, where no word later life, his staff learned to be suspi- ' of temper and no act of violence was cious of assignments on the first of : ever heard or seen, and where the April, after several had gone to com- Christian life was not only taught out fort the sick at non-existent addresses, of Psalm Book and catechism, and Bible or to arrange weddings for non-existent and commentary, but was itself drawn couples, or to deliver packages to non- 1 out in living and unforgettable charac- scheduled trains. His interest in athlet- ' ters of beauty and power which still ics, particularly baseball, continued to shine as stars in heaven to comfort, the very end. Many a boy was amazed guide and cheer us on our way.” It was to hear the learned preacher cite records a home of devotion with family worship and averages of athletes and teams, and held twice daily, of discipline, with the listened with new respect when he “taws” hanging in their honored place spoke of spiritual things. behind the door, and of dignity char- In the home he preached his first acterized by “plain living and high sermons, with the family properly seat- thinking.” ed as the congregation. He recalled the In the pulpit Dr. Macartney studi- first two sermons he worked on as a ously avoided personal references of an mere child. The text of one was “Jesus ' intimate nature, with one exception : he wept.” The text of the other, “There did not hesitate to refer to his home. He shall be weeping and wailing and gnash- wrote, “The preacher always runs some ing of teeth.” He then commented, risk when he uses his own personal “After all, the two texts and the two experiences for illustrations. . . . There childish sermons were true to the Scrip- is no doubt that wisely-selected illus- tures and true to the Gospel, for the trations from personal experience will prophets, the apostles and Jesus him- THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN 19

elf strike these two notes : God’s judg- oratorical abilities and coached him in ment and mercy, his compassion and preparation for the college contests in ae penalty upon sin.” which he was eminently successful. The family expeditions along mur- After graduation he went to Harvard luring streams, over covered bridges, University, intending to study litera- p pleasant glens, visiting neighboring ture, but chose instead to travel. After harms, gave him a love for the country- an overseas tour he returned to Beaver hide which a ministry of half a century Falls, where he worked on the local In the heart of three cities never newspaper as reporter. He finally made uenched. He delighted to go with mem- the decision to follow his three older |ers of his staff or other friends to brothers into the ministry, and the next pread their table on some flat rock fall he entered Yale Divinity School. bove a quiet stream, or on some green Not finding the atmosphere congenial, lield with the beautiful countryside he transferred to Princeton Seminary, ,.nd its peaceful relaxation. Here, with where he sat under such men as Francis ;he responsibilities of the church laid L. Patton, Benjamin B. Warfield, John

.side, he was a boy again, playing fam- D. Davis, William Brenton Greene, Jr., ily games such as charades, or telling Geerhardus Vos, Robert Dick Wilson, Tories, or wandering through the William P. Armstrong and Frederick voods. At Summer Camp the boys W. Loetscher, men of high scholarship loved to follow him on a hike over the and strong Christian faith. Concerning tills, and many men and women swore his scholastic training, he said, “I have hat never again would they start out always been glad, too, that although a vith him on a Sunday afternoon stroll product of an orthodox Christian home vhich led them up and down steep trails and an orthodox Christian theological ind cut through tangled underbrush, seminary, the critical years of college 00k them over fences and across training were spent in a great state uni- itreams, before they returned to their versity where the religious atmosphere starting place. His frequent allusions in and influence were not marked. The sermons to nature’s open volume re- courses in history and literature and acted his love of the countryside. science in no way shook my faith, but

finally strengthened it. Indeed, if I had II a boy to send to college today I think The family moved to California in I would much prefer that he go to one he mid-’9o’s because of the father’s of the great secular universities where lealth, and while there Dr. Macartney the Bible is not taught or discussed at vas graduated from the preparatory all, rather than to some of our quasi- school of Pomona College at Claremont, denominational colleges where the Bible de followed his next older brother, Al- is taught, but almost exclusively from >ert, to the University of Denver, but the modernistic and rationalistic point ifter one year both brothers transferred of view. It would be much better if 0 the University of Wisconsin. There many of these colleges let the Bible al- le came in contact with the great liberal together alone.” Robert M. LaFollette, who took per- During his summers while a semi- onal interest in the young student’s nary student, he preached in the lovely —

20 THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN village of Prairie du Sac, Wisconsin, picture of him during the days at Pater and upon graduation was called to the son shows a handsome young man wit! church there. But at the same time he dark, wavy hair, clothed in a pulpi received another call from the First robe, wearing a black rabat and clerica Presbyterian Church of Paterson, New collar—quite a contrast to the plair Jersey, in the center of an industrial Covenanter dress he was accustomed to city, and upon the advice of Dr. David and I suppose somewhat of an innova- tion for those days in Presbyteriar J. Burrell, minister of the Marble Col- legiate Church in New York City, and circles. He was always particular aboul pulpit instructor in homiletics at Princeton, appearance, and deplored the wearing of “wall-paper neckties,” as he he went to Paterson. There he laid the called them, with splashes of bright col- foundation of his future work and meth- ors, in the pulpit. He enjoyed laughing ods in the ministry. From the begin- with his assistants as they later recalled ning he preached without notes, in or- their early discomfiture when they were der to have that contact with the con- sent to purchase or exchange some arti- gregation for which there is no sub- cle of apparel necktie, shirt, or suit stitute. There he discovered the strong — so that they would make a more proper appeal which the stories of the Old appearance behind the sacred desk. Testament have, and the interest there is in biographical preaching. Through Ill doctrinal and apologetic preaching he There was nothing strikingly unique used to show that Christianity and com- about his pastoral ministry, unless it mon sense are not strangers one to the was the fidelity with which he per- other, though some who ridicule “the formed it. In a busy ministry with five faith once for all delivered” try to di- regular preaching and speaking respon- vorce the two. It was here, as the result sibilities each week, and frequently of a moving experience, that he began more, he called in the homes and in the to preach what he called “sermons from hospitals three and four afternoons and life,” which he continued to do through- two and three evenings every week. out his ministry. He entered upon his There was probably not a home in the life-long study of the Apostle Paul, widespread congregation in which he which he enriched by his travels in the had not called and offered prayer. There footsteps of St. Paul until he had visited almost every place mentioned in are some who noticed only the external the New Testament in connection with reserve of the man in public appearance. the great apostle. He continued his in- But it took but little association with terest in historical writing by publish- him to discover the warm heart and ing a history of the Paterson Church, sympathetic spirit which was the true the first of some sixty books in the man. He was as welcome, and as much field of religion, history, biography, and at home, in the humble dwelling of travel. the poor as he was in the house of Dr. Macartney was always conscious affluence. The strata of society, and he of the dignity of the pastoral office. A ministered to them all, were a matter of THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN 21

indifference to him. He did not “talk IV down” to any he did not ; seek to “live up to” any. Because he was primarily In 1914 Dr. Macartney went to the the minister of Jesus Christ, he was in- Arch Street Presbyterian Church, that different to the criticisms of men. beautiful temple of Corinthian architec- Those who were not altogether sym- ture in the heart of Philadelphia. It was

: pathetic with his stand, or who were there he reached the full stature of the

1 unacquainted with the hidden springs mature preacher. His sermons attracted wide interest, especially among the uni- ! of action, sometimes complained of this indifference to public opinion. A Pitts- versity and medical students who came to his services. It the response of i burgh magazine published a biographic was two medical students which led him to ! sketch which was not enthusiastically complimentary. The writer said of Dr. repeat each autumn his sermon on op- Macartney, “His sermons against secu- portunity, “Come Before Winter,” first ilarization of the Sabbath, his condem- delivered in 1915. He was a pioneer in radio broadcasting and the service from ; nations of current motion pictures, liq- uor advertising, and vice conditions in the church was broadcast each Sunday the city, have time and again made morning. newspaper stories. He never considers His preaching was always Bible cen- the popularity of his stands. Recently tered. Two days before he died, he said when he objected to a Sunday war bond to his brother Robertson, who was leav- rally the newspapers were deluged with ing to preach in a nearby pulpit, “Put all critical letters suggesting that if Amer- the Bible you can into it.” Dr. Ma- ica had lost the war she might have lost cartney simply preached what he had her churches. Firm in his convictions, practiced. There is scarcely one familiar he paid no attention.” character of the Old or New Testament that not the But he was sensitive to the pulse of was theme of some sermon, hardly a scene which he did not illumi- the city and the nation. Both in Phila- nate with his rare powers of descrip- delphia and Pittsburgh he took mid- tion. A newspaper comment after his night walks through the “tenderloin” death mentioned, “the imagery and section, and visited with the hapless matchless timing of his story-telling, men brought by the police in the mid- like the glorious hues of a master’s dle of the night into the station houses. brush stroking the picture of life.” Here And who will ever forget the service on all the treasures of intelligence, all the D-Day conducted from the Geneva pul- fountains of emotion, were brought in- pit above the city street, when Sixth to play. He dreamed dreams and saw Avenue was thronged from corner to visions, he communed with the spirits corner, as he led the people in a spon- of just men made perfect, but in all taneous service of prayer and dedica- spoke to the hearts of men. He was fre- tion? He was a true patriot who de- quently dramatic but never theatrical. lighted to remind his church and coun- The first impression one received from try of the blood-bought heritage of Dr. Macartney’s preaching was its sim- America, and the debt we owe to the plicity—a single theme stated, illus- heroes of the nation. trated and applied, yet always binding 22 THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN the heart of man to the heart of the words of historic Biblical and redemp- gospel. He frequently used the great tive meaning. Dr. Macartney did not moral words—influence, opportunity, hesitate to enter the lists and to raise conscience, affection, repentance, and so his standard. He was described as a forth. But he clothed them with living leader of the fundamentalists, and what- forms, marched them up the church ever that vague word may mean, he aisles, and bade them testify for them- proved that it was not contrary to schol- selves. arship and courtesy. Dr. Fosdick, in his All his preaching revolved around the autobiography, The Living of These “grand particularities of the faith.” He Days, pays tribute to the fairness and insisted that without the historical foun- courtesy of Dr. Macartney throughout dation of revelation, the Christian gos- this historic debate. This controversy pel has lost its power as a symbolic was no mere academic matter to Dr. record of experience. His doctrines Macartney. He held that there is a mor- were not “fashion’d to the varying al fault running through the character hour.” Standing in the Reformed tradi- of the preacher in a confessional church tion, he took his position without men- who cannot repeat the Apostles’ Creed tal reservation, upon the Word of God without lying, and that the church which as “the only infallible rule of faith and tolerates such a preacher is in spiritual practice.” He preached the truth of peril. He received his share of abuse, the Incarnation, not based upon meta- but without bitterness. There is an un- physical speculation, but based upon godly conceit which enthrones reason the historic fact of the Virgin Birth. and which will not accept anything the He preached often on the doctrine of reason does not approve. And there is immortality, but based his belief not on a godly conceit which enthrones Christ the moral necessity of such a hope, but and his Word which will not receive upon the bodily resurrection of Jesus anything which is contrary to them. Christ. And in the light of these two As the result of his prominence in doctrines he lifted high the cross of the Church, he was elected Moderator Christ in all its shame and all its glory. of the General Assembly, meeting in “No one who has knelt as a penitent Grand Rapids, Michigan, in 1924, after sinner at the foot of the cross will find he was nominated by William Jennings anything in the ‘fountain filled with Bryan. He was the second youngest blood’ to offend him, but much to thrill man in the history of the church to oc- him.” Then followed those other great cupy that high office. themes of the Christian revelation: the Twice Dr. Macartney was invited to sovereignty of God, his providence occupy chairs at Princeton Seminary, in personal life, and the grand and aw- but he preferred the work of the pastor- ful message of the final judgment and ate. In 1927 he received a call to the eternal redemption. First Presbyterian Church of Pitts- This was a period of religious con- burgh, and there he entered upon his troversy, with many preaching “an- last and longest pastorate. His preach- other gospel which is not another,” using continued to attract throngs every ing dishonest semantics to emasculate Sunday morning and evening. He was ;

THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN 23

Superintendent of the Sunday School Cliffe, the boyhood home which still and active in all the phases of the occupies its prominent place on the cam- church’s institutional program. One of pus of Geneva College. He fulfilled the the inspiring features of his ministry dreams of Goldsmith’s Wanderer:

; was the organization of the Tuesday !Noon Club for Business Men, which “In all my wanderings round this grew from a small beginning until the world of care, church was crowded with men each In all my griefs—and God has giv’n share, 1 week for a twenty-five minute period my consisting of a song service and a brief I still had hopes my latest hours to

| biblical address. crown, V Amidst these humble bow’rs to lay me down, Dr. Macartney’s preaching was es- To husband out life’s taper at the sentially evangelistic. He spoke with close, the shepherd’s heart, and in practically And keep the flame from wasting by .every sermon he pointed to the way of repose. salvation. time I i One was asked by a Around my fire an ev’ning group missionary with a program of religious to draw, broadcasting to make a selection of Dr. And tell of all I felt, and all I saw Macartney’s printed sermons which And, as a hare whom hounds and

( would be particularly useful in his pro- horns pursue, gram of radio evangelism. I was struck Pants to the place from whence at by the fact, as I reviewed the sermons, first he flew, I still hopes, long vexations that practically all of them, except those had my preached on special occasions, with but past, Here to return and die at Home little adaptation, were suitable. Homer — at last.” Rodeheaver said to me after a service at which Macartney preached, “I told He continued preaching and writing him once that if he would devote all his for two and a half years until increas- time to it, he could be the greatest evan- ing illness halted his steps and at last gelist of this century.” confined him to bed. With members of And what shall we more say? For the family who came to spend the last the time would fail to tell of his books vigil with him, he revived the custom and addresses, his lectureships and of family prayers, and once again the preaching missions, his historical in- house was filled with the music of the explorations, vestigations, biblical his Psalter. His mind remained active un- honors, and degrees. In after a 1953, til the end—preparing sermons and pastorate of twenty-six and a half years manuscripts for publication. Knowing “where cross the crowded ways of life,” that death drew nigh, he planned his and after contending with an annoying funeral service to be a simple testimony and weakening illness for five years, he of praise to Jesus Christ and his tri- retired to spend his last days at Fern umphant grace. He chose the hymns ;

24 THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN

“Rock of Ages,” “The Twenty-third legory, still vibrates with its ancient Psalm,” and “Amazing Grace” to be melody, ever haunting the imagination the witness to his faith. His last mes- of mankind, its tones as deep and sweet sage to his friends was, “Tell them, my and true as ever, for they echo the deep anchor still holds.” Then in the evening eternal truths of sin, atonement, re- on February 19, he closed his eyes in demption, regeneration, judgment to sleep and put on immortality. come, and life everlasting.” These words In summing up the life of John Bun- are descriptive of the life and ministry yan, Dr. Macartney wrote: “The bell of Dr. Macartney. He was a faithful which Bunyan struck three centuries minister of the Incarnate God, a mes- ago, high up on the tower of his al- senger of redeeming grace.

The Preacher’s Bookshelf

“A very creative enterprise. I am delighted with your choice of material.” So comments Reinhold Niebuhr on the Reflection Books being published by Association Press, 291 Broad- way, New York 7, N.Y. This series consists of new fifty-cent paperbacks for the average layman and includes such first-rate Christian publications as J. H. Nichols : Primer for Protestants Roland H. Bainton: What Christianity Says about Sex, Love and Marriage; ;

Georgia Harkness : Religious Living Stanley Stuber (ed.) : Basic Christian Writings;

Hazel Davis Clark (ed.) : The Life of Christ in Poetry; Words to Change Lives, a sym-< posium by fifty-eight leading American clergymen. Each volume is attractively bound and printed in clear type. Every six months a new group will be published and will represent some of the best reading available on Christian faith and life. Ministers and leaders in Christian Education will find in this series much excellent resource material for classes and discussion use. D.M. THE ROBERT E. SPEER LIBRARY CAMPAIGN MOVES TOWARD VICTORY

ate one night in New York’s Grand Central Station, languid travellers Lnoted a distinguished man patiently reading a book. He was obviously a ,man of refinement and mental alertness, and those who restlessly turned ithe pages of their newspapers judged that he had missed his midnight com- 'muters’ train and was waiting for a morning train to take him home. The man was Robert E. Speer, who always traveled with a good book for such 'an emergency. One of his own books, written later out of personal sorrow, proved to be a means of grace to the late John Hayes in his long imprisonment by the Communists in China. We are now embarked on an alumni campaign to complete the great library that will enshrine for centuries the memory of Robert E. Speer. Something in the heart of each one of us has leaped to match that which jwas valiant in the soul of this man. From all sections of the country try-cards have been mailed in by alumni saying, “Yes, I will try to raise my share.” Many an alumnus for whom the trivia of life have dulled the cutting edge of enthusiasm, has entered this campaign to link his life with something that will abide. Here is one of those opportunities to build for centuries. The stone of which the library is constructed will be a symbol of the rock-like quality of the man whose name it bears. Something of the same spirit breathes in the letters that come from alumni around the world. One of the Pittsburgh alumni raised his share by a simple request to a retired executive in whose heart was also the “valiant spirit.” Others, “toil- ing like miners under a landslide,” are finding contributions here and there, if not all in one easily accessible place. One team group even made a compact to raise among themselves the share of a fellow alumnus who was in an impossible situation, in order that their team could participate one hundred percent.

If this is indicative of the loyalty of our alumni association as a whole, then at Commencement time our president, Bill MacCalmont, can announce to Dr. Mackay that the entire $350,000 required to complete the library is in sight. c . . 0 Sincerely yours,

Bryant M. Kirkland ’38 Fred E. Christian ’34

The Robert E. Speer Library will be formally dedicated on Tuesday, October 8, 1957, at the time of the autumn meeting of the Board of Trustees WORSHIP AND EVANGELISM

Donald Macleod

ost of us have experienced the counter alive in their work.” Here we M blessing of true worship. Many see these two matters in proper per- of us know something about the aim spective. Worship and evangelism are and function of evangelism. Each of not paradoxical they belong together ; these conjures up systems, techniques, because it is the aim and business of and ends which vary according to the worship to nourish and sustain that nature of each situation and the tem- tremendous venture of faith which evan- peraments of those involved in them. gelism claims from and initiates in the But when you bring both terms together hearts of men. —worship and evangelism—it seems Now, this conference has its roster that there creeps in unavoidably an of experts on evangelism. I do not in- element of paradox. They do not ap- tend therefore to cover any ground of pear to belong together. And the chief theirs, nor do I presume to know my reason is that for too long we have as- way around in their specialty. I wish to sociated worship exclusively with com- talk principally about worship and shall plex liturgy, altar, bell, and stole, while do so under two aspects : Where are we

evangelism has been no more in our in our approach to worship today ? and, estimation than tent meetings, song Getting back to first principles in our leaders, and undisciplined demonstra- worship. tions of emotion. But those who know the Christian I. Where Are We in our Approach faith and whose judgment of its ex- to Worship Today? pression is sober, realize that any separation between evangelism and worship It is a truism to say that we are wit- would be unfortunate and indeed wholly nessing today a resurgence of interest unwarranted. They belong together. in and a concern for worship in most One complements the other. In a recent branches of the Reformed tradition. article in The Christian Century, Dean This is not a superficial examination, ]/ Homrighausen of Princeton Seminary but a basic inquiry that asks such prob-

asks, “Why should evangelism be sep- ing questions as : Why do we do what arated from the rest of the church’s we do in worship? How ought we to .” do what we do at eleven o’clock on ministries—from worship. . . And in reply he says, “Evangelism’s chief task Sunday morning? Where and when is that of initiating the encounter be- should we do what we do in the sanc- tween God and man and of insisting tuary? These questions, you see, are that the other ministries keep that en- not academic, they are really “existen- tial,” especially in the light of two 1 This article is the substance of two lec- tendencies which we have seen in the tures given at Whitby, Ontario, at the annual Conference on Evangelism of the United past few decades in the worship of our Church of Canada, September 1-2, 1956. Reformed tradition. THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN 27

general atmosphere of a Rotary Club 1. Informal Worship convening on Sunday. At the same time from that icy formalism and This is a type of worship—possibly we shrink more common in Reformed Churches extravagant symbolism that is creeping than elsewhere—in which the keynote into so many of the free or non-liturgi- is fellowship. Church announcements cal churches. Yet we are happy that in the Saturday newspaper indicate many denominations are re-examining that such-and-such a church has “bright their worship, that commissions are be- services.” Usually outside talent is fea- ing appointed, chairs are being estab- tured in the music program and the lished in our seminaries and theological

“cult of personality” is emphasized, in- colleges, and scholarly research is being deed is frequently the focus of attention done by competent thinkers and his- whether it is the minister, the soloist, torians. or some “terrific” individual from What are some of the concerns we abroad. I recall that some years ago have at this stage of the development in my home province a certain church of contemporary Reformed worship? included in its newspaper notices this (i) There is a tendency to emphasize slogan, “The Church with a Mother’s disproportionately the psychology of Welcome.” The welcome of Monica or worship almost to the exclusion of that theological element which is basic to Gertrude ? Remember to Augustine and every Hamlet each was respectively a mother. act of worship. Efforts are directed to the beautifying of worship by means of adornment and decoration 2. Formal Worship rather than by re-discovering why, theo- This type is indicative of a trend in logically, certain things ought to be many non-liturgical churches during re- added or done. cent years. There is almost a painful ab- (ii) There is a renaissance of interest

sence of any emphasis upon the per- in symbolism, but unfortunately it has sonal element. The atmosphere is slight- gotten somewhat out of hand. Many ly chilly from a shrewdly calculated Presbyterian and United Churches strategy to keep everything as objective have forgotten the rock from which as possible. Hymns, prayers, and ac- they have been hewn and hence, with- tions point to that “Wholly Other” be- out any constraint, symbols have before whose face all men stand in awe. come anybody’s whim—crosses, vases, Once I knew a minister whose services candelabra, etc., appear without any were of this type and invariably he studied reasons for their being where spoke of the “weight” of the worship they are. Indeed, the organization of of his congregation. the furnishings of many sanctuaries Now, midway between these two ex- defies any basic order of symbolism tremes are other people—myself among and, in some cases, even an acceptable them—who are deeply concerned about rationale. what is going on in contemporary wor- (iii) The element of purpose is not ship. We deplore the slap dash type of clearly defined or delineated. There worship service which has all the poor is no distinct understanding among features of the tent meeting and the the members of the congregation of 28 THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN

what we come together to do on Sun- (vii) Not a few of us are frequently day morning at eleven o’clock. In disturbed by the careless indifference many cases a whole assortment of of many ministers regarding public things are performed in which the prayer in the act of worship. The :

aim or end is not quite clear. Many depth of such a responsibility and the 1 congregations have never been more necessity for exacting preparation have than patient audiences who witness a never struck them and therefore the show or spectacle which the preacher feelings and aspirations of their peo- and choir attempt to put across. What- ple always fall or stop short of a deep

ever the whole act is, it is definitely consciousness of God’s ministries of not common worship. Grace. (iv) With certain denominations, or (viii) There is need for a greater offshoots of denominations, the ele- sense of unity in each service of wor- ment of objectivity is lacking in their ship. There has grown up in the Re- acts of worship. So little that is said formed tradition a false conception of

and done is directed Godward. Em- the place of preaching in the act of ! phasis upon fellowship as “good fellow- worship which comes into focus when- feeling” leads to personal assessment ever a church advertisement states and introspection in which elements of “Morning Worship and Sermon.” This adoration, praise, and sacrifice have incorrect impression is given by min- little part. isters for whom everything prior to (v) The program of worship in the sermon is “preliminaries.” Worship many Reformed churches is not suf- and preaching are complementary and ficiently Biblical. The Christian Year, not exclusive. which takes its format from the drama (ix) Some ministers do not take seri- of redemption in the Gospels is not ously the pattern and quality of the observed or adopted with any sense Sunday calendar or bulletin and tol- of consistency, and therefore some erate slip-shod printing, ugly formats, congregations which would scream and faulty composition. In a day when over any attempt to downgrade the secular advertising uses nothing except celebration of Christmas and Easter, the finest means to sell its products, apparently are not disturbed by the many churches are content to give the fact that the Ascension and Pentecost impression that in God’s work “any- are entirely overlooked. thing will do.” (vi) It is encouraging to see how the (x) Earlier we saw that worship “sanctuary” concept of the House of and evangelism are closely related. Do God is taking hold among Reformed the Christian education programs of folk. However, among many branches our churches take this into account? of our tradition, the place of worship If worship is to nurture and to deepen is still named “the auditorium,” and the significance and meaning of a de-

Kirk Sessions use little discretion in cision for Christ, should it not deserve permitting plays, pageants, lectures, more thought and careful concern than

and recitals, to be given in the very it receives in many of our churches? room where on Sunday the Holy Sac- Here are ten critical observations raments are observed and performed. about contemporary worship in the THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN 29

Reformed tradition. Obviously it is merely for the adding of a few re- not enough merely to diagnose the sponses and Amens here and there, situation. Some constructive sugges- or the playing of soft music, or the tions are called for and these are all robing of the clergy—good as these the more necessary since many of our may be in themselves—but it does re- ministers and churches are aping other quire the reinstatement of the central liturgical traditions rather than seeking fact of our worship, namely God. Mere and using those customs that are native beautifying of our act of worship by

to the genius of our own. decorative means is harmful because it can so easily become an end in itself,

II. Getting Back to First Princi- and in the long run it is merely the use ples in our Worship of psychological means where the problem is theological. The enrichment of To improve our worship and to make our worship is done by what George it more meaningful, the following sug- W. Fiske called “the ennobling of wor- gestions are given, not to be considered ship.” And this ennobling, this lifting as exhaustive measures, but as an at- up of the meaning of worship, comes tempt to deal with some of our more when we realize that God has sacrificed pressing concerns. something for us and we must make our sacrifice in response to his act of 1. The Meaning of our Worship Grace. Therefore, the element of sacri- To worship God really and truly fice becomes more real in our act of means to become aware of His pres- worship and any suggestion of a service ence and of His benefits of Love and of worship as being merely good fellow- Grace. Isaiah went into the When ship or a bright and sprightly session temple, he saw God “high and lifted is maudlin and deplorable, to say the up” and immediately he saw himself least. in the lostness of his sinful nature. He When, therefore, the theological appealed for help and God answered meaning of our act of worship is fully by doing something for him. The cli- understood, certain benefits or results max of the incident came when Isaiah issue from it. The purpose of our wor- decided upon complete enlistment to ship, for example, becomes clear. Our God’s service. Here we see the basic service on Sunday morning is not in- nature of all true worship God does — tended to entertain, or to be a perform-

! something and we respond. And for us ance on the part of the minister and

! as Christians this is so very meaningful choir, or to be of such a nature as to because God has done for us so great make people feel better. It will be, as a thing in Jesus Christ that our whole the hymn writer put it, an experience being is claimed as our response to His of this character : “Lo, God is here ! let gift. This is the theological basis of us adore, and own how dreadful is this

worship : God has acted for us men and place.” Moreover, this theological em- I our salvation and in gratitude we give phasis will give shape to what we do. ' ourselves and our service unto Him. There will be a measure of balance Now, when we undertake to enrich between the objective and subjective our Reformed worship, it does not call which will appear whether you use the 30 THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN

original pattern of the Order of Wor- torium, where any appeal to the imagi-

ship used by Calvin in Geneva or adopt nation or the sense of beauty is entirely that excellent format outlined by Dr. absent. On the other hand, we have Sclater in The Public Worship of God watched with concern the growth of a (Yale Lectures, 1927). Either system freakishness in contemporary church will prevent the hopelessly confused and architecture in which the aim seems to meaningless orders of worship that are be that a church should not resemble found in many Reformed churches to- anything else on earth. What is needed, day, where the act of worship is merely then, is to get these matters into better a “tossed salad” of bits of adoration, perspective. confession, and petition, all flavored We may feel relieved that the bare with a dressing of “nonchalance.” and ugly auditorium is on the way out. Further, this theological emphasis The “sanctuary” concept is gradually contributes to the unity of our wor- taking hold, which refutes the Roman ship. Our worship, from the very be- Catholic idea that the presence of God ginning, was meant to be common is confined to a little bird-cage-like en- worship. It was to be the unified re- closure upon the altar, and declares

sponse of the common people to what that his Being fills and hallows all the God has done. No other unifying factor house. When we dedicate a church we is necessary indeed no other is capable invite the Holy Spirit to consecrate ; of welding men and women in common every part of it to holy use. This does devotion to the Unseen. And what is not mean that we make a fetish of any

more, this is the key to fellowship. The article or associate with it some magic much talked-of “fellowship” of the essence, but we regard the whole church

Gospel Halls is frequently a mere emo- sanctuary and all it contains as set tional bath which unites the people be- apart for sacred use. And with this cause it is sticky. But the true fellow- understanding, Kirk Sessions must ex- ship of God’s House is known when ercise their authority and responsibility men and women acknowledge one com- in refusing to permit the church sanc- mon Lord, when they sense the gravity tuary to be used for Christmas enter- of their sin, when they receive Christ’s tainments, secular concerts, debates, pardon, and when they bless his name and so forth, during which time pulpit, for what he has done, and when they Communion Table, and other symbolic

go out to live the implications of this objects are shoved aside, and what is experience in their everyday existence. more disturbing, are used as conven- iences for hats and coats. 2. The Method of Our Worship At the same time, there is the danger Method in worship includes several of a swing to another extreme. Who things—the place in which our service has not entered a United or Presby- is held, the symbols we use, the various terian Church and felt ill at ease and acts we perform, and the techniques definitely not at home? The Commun- we employ. In this connection again ion Table is pushed up against the front we find two extremes. We see Re- wall and is laden with a miscellany of formed worshippers gathering in a bare candles, cross, and vases. Or, if it re- and ugly room, usually named an audi- mains in its old place it is covered with THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN 3i

baskets of gladioli and a dozen empty- against the wall to resemble an altar. collection plates. The former is an Our worship is a fellowship of the com- attempt to ape the Anglican Altar and mon people and with the clergyman the latter suggests the anarchy of the seated or standing behind the table he Gospel Hall. No one wants to retain is able to bid us welcome to koinonia the old Akron type with its central at its purest and best. pulpit, rows of organ pipes, and semi- Other matters related closely to our

circular pews. The trend is against it method in worship include the proper and certainly this is good. reading of the Holy Scripture, the ade- How then should a reformed sanc- quate preparation of prayers, and dili-

; tuary be set up ? This is a most difficult gent care in the form and composition question to answer because any appeal of the weekly bulletin and calendar. to precedent is a step into hopeless con- 3. The Motivation of Our Worship i fusion. Maybe the only answer that can be given is theological i from a perspec- J. O. Dobson describes worship as tive. “the bringing of all our life into the To provide most adequately for the light of the presence of God.” The end expression of the genius of Reformed of evangelism is wholeness of life. worship the apse or shallow chancel is And worship plays a large part in

: useful. On its platform the pulpit and realizing this fulfillment. lectern may be set at the left and right, In this connection the total program and the Communion Table placed of our worship must be made more in the center with the chair for the Biblical. The pattern of the Christian minister behind it. The central em- Year follows the story of God’s re- phasis of Reformed worship is the demptive act as it is presented in the proclamation of the Word of God and New Testament. When the theme of our worship our human response to it. The lectern, services follows the Chris- tian Year, no part of that great drama : surmounted by the open Bible, presents of the reading of the Word. The pulpit redemption is omitted or inadvert- ently slighted. reminds us of the exposition of the And as the great festivals of the Christian Year are Word. The Communion Table presents appropriately observed we are, for example, born the Word in action. And these three again with Christ at Advent and Christ- objects are not separate entities but are mas, and we rise to triumphant life facets of the one act—the proclamation with him at Easter-tide. of God’s Word. As someone has said, This new motivation, moreover, re- “Not pulpit or minister, not organ or interprets that for which the service choir, not sermon or singing, is central of worship on Sunday is intended. It to Christian worship but Christ, and ; is definitely not a matter of going to the symbol which silently speaks of hear someone preach or sing. These him should be given central place.” are important. And it is equally im- Hence the Communion Table ought to portant that they be done well. But, as be bare and allowed through such sim- the late Dr. Sclater warned us, preach- plicity to speak to us of no one except ing must not be exalted at the expense Jesus only. It should never be pushed of praise and prayer. Preaching takes 32 THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN

its rightful place in our service of wor- again. “Without evangelism no one ship when through the medium of becomes a Christian and without wor- language the living Christ is lifted up ship no one remains Christian.” Evan- before the congregation and he himself gelism is the initial step. Worship brings comes to those who will receive him the power by which we are conformed in faith. to Christ’s likeness and are made con- And further, this matter of motiva- stantly aware of the guidance and pur- tion brings us back to the real relation- pose of the Holy Spirit. Hence worship ship between worship and evangelism. and evangelism are inseparably bound As we intimated earlier, what evangel- together in the main business of the ism begins, worship must deepen and Christian Church, namely, the making sustain. To quote Dr. Homrighausen of the new man in Christ.

The Relation of Ideas to Freedom

“Merely to teach ideas is not enough . . . Human history is the arena in which potent ideas compete with each other for men’s loyalties. Men, free to think, give their loyalties to ruling ideas which either enslave or truly liberate them.” —Howard Tillman Kuist, These Words Upon Thy Heart. (Second Edition) John Knox Press, Richmond, Va. 1956. P. 1 16. PRINCETONIANA

Lefferts A. Loetscher

Academic Life from the old circulating library, and it

is expected that building operations will very pleasant social evening was be entirely completed well before the held on January 16, soon after the A end of April. It is hoped that early in opening of the second term, when a the third term the new Library will be dinner was served honoring Dr. Hend- in full use. The magnificent expanse of rik Kraemer, who is Guest Professor floor space and stacks on the three at the Seminary during the second and stories give fine accommodation for the third terms of the current academic manuscripts and books, with ample year. Members of the Department of growing space too. In addition there Religion of the University and of the are carrells and classrooms that will Seminary Faculty were guests. In re- prove very serviceable. A fine Board sponse to words of greeting from Presi- Room in which the Trustees and the dent Mackay, Dr. Kraemer spoke very Faculty will hold their meetings is not interestingly and illuminatingly on as- the least of the building’s many assets. pects of current theology on the Euro- As the construction nears completion pean Continent. the campaign to clear off the indebted- The Faculty Club has been meeting ness on it proceeds apace. Alumni regularly through the year with guest have been organized for the work, and speakers and general discussion on responses to date ^re encouraging. topics of contemporary interest. In “Progress Bulletins” for the campaign February, however, the procedure was are being issued in mid February, late somewhat altered, and an evening March, April, and early June. It is dinner meeting on the same day as the hoped that it will be possible to give Faculty meeting devoted itself to a a very heartening announcement at discussion of basic principles of the Commencement time. curriculum. A summary study pro- A stimulus to productive scholarship posing certain specific principles was in the Presbyterian Church was given presented by a Subcommittee of the by the recent launching of the Presby- Curriculum Committee, and the dis- terian cussion that followed was quite pene- Monograph Series, sponsored by the Presbyterian Council on trating and helpful. It is intended from Theo- time to time to make curricular matters logical Education, with the assistance a subject of discussion by the Faculty of the Presbyterian Board of Christian as a whole. Education. Any Faculty member of any Meanwhile the new Robert E. Speer of the Presbyterian, U.S.A., seminaries Library, center of the Seminary’s aca- may submit a manuscript. These will demic life, has been proceeding rapidly be sent to an Editorial Committee of towards completion. As this goes to five which has been set up for the pur- press, books are being transferred to it pose. 34 THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN

The list of Ecumenical Scholarship States” ; “The Personal and the Inter- Exchange Students, who are studying Personal” “Preaching Emphases in the ; in this country from abroad under the Epistle to the Galatians.” auspices of the National Council of The Templeton Prize has been estab- Churches and World Council of lished by the Vella and Dudley Temple- Churches during the current academic ton Memorial Fund, one of whose year, registers fifty-seven students com- trustees is Mr. John M. Templeton, a ing from twenty countries and attend- trustee of Princeton Seminary. An ing thirty-seven institutions in the annual prize of $800 will be awarded United States. Germany is supplying “to the person who shall prepare the the greatest number, seventeen in all, best essay on some important aspect with Great Britain, Holland, and India of the problem of discovering, training, tying for second place with five each. and putting to use the talents of the Princeton Seminary has five of these specially gifted child and youth.” The students this year—two from Indonesia competition is open to all students of and one each from Holland, India, and seminaries of the Presbyterian Church, Ceylon. The different students coming U.S.A. each year under the auspices of the Princeton Institute World Council, together with many of Theology others from abroad, contribute much toward enriching life and enlarging A very interesting program is being outlook on the campus. arranged for the Princeton Institute A great many come each year for the of Theology for this coming summer, Th.M. degree. A sizable fraction of the July 8-18. The opening address on candidates are from this seminary, al- Monday evening, July 8, will be by Dr. though more ai^ from other semi- Clarke. During the first week, the naries in this country and abroad. morning Bible Hour will be led by Dr. Many who do not desire the more pro- David Noel Freedman, Professor of longed and intensive work of a doctoral Old Testament at Western Theological program like to top off the very diversi- Seminary, Pittsburgh, and the Con- fied work of a B.D. course with a year vocation Preacher each morning at of more concentrated and advanced 11 130 will be Dr. W. Graham Hardy of study, which they sometimes distribute Palmerston Place Church, Edinburgh. over more than one academic year. Electives in the first week will be given

Proposed Th.M. thesis topics of more by Dr. W. A. Visser ’t Hooft, Secretary than fifty candidates, not all of whom of the World Council of Churches, seek the degree this June, have recently Dr. Alan Richardson of Nottingham been assembled. It is an interesting and College and Canon of Durham Cathe- diversified list. The following are a few dral, Dr. Cailliet and Dr. Macleod. of the topics, sampled almost at ran- Every afternoon during both weeks the dom : “A Study of the Influence of the Bishop Players will conduct a religious Wisdom Literature on the Dead Sea drama workshop and on Wednesday Scrolls” “Suffering in the First evening of each week will present a ; Epistle of Peter” “A History of the religious drama. The evening preachers ; Methodist Class Meeting in the United of the first week will be Dr. Andrew THE PRINCETON SEMIN ARY BULLETIN 35

Thakur Das of Pakistan and Dr. Colin be by car through Maryland, Virginia, Williams of Australia. the Carolinas, and Georgia to Florida, In the second week, Dr. Bernard from where they will enplane for Boyd, Professor at the University of Puerto Rico. The return journey from North Carolina, will conduct the Bible Florida will include also parts of Ala- Hour, and Bishop Lesslie Newbigin bama, Mississippi, and Louisiana. of the Church of South India will be the Convocation speaker, with electives Theology Today offered by Dr. Kerr, Dr. Carl Michal- The April issue of Theology Today son of Drew Theological Seminary, has as its general theme the very crucial and Dr. Shaun Herron, Editor of the subject, Faith and History. An editorial British Weekly. During both weeks, by Dean F. W. Dillistone of Liverpool Mr. Beeners will conduct a sermon Cathedral is entitled “The End of the delivery clinic. Historical Era?” The Warden of the The Choir Student Christian Movement, London, writes on “History, The Seminary Choir has been having John E. Olford, Theology, and Faith.” Philip H. Ashby, an active and successful year. Last fall, Associate Professor of Religion, Prince- all students now in Seminary who are ton University, deals with “The Rele- or had been in the touring Choir were vance of the History of Religions.” asked to sing at the meeting of the

“Biblical Studies : Views and Reviews” Synod of New Jersey in Atlantic City. is the subject of a study by Professor About thirty-five were there. Frederick Grant of Union Theologi- For the Annual Advent and Christ- C. cal Seminary, York. Professor mas Program the Choir rendered Parts New G. R. Beasley-Murray of the Baptist I and II of Bach’s “Christmas Ora- Theological Seminary at Zurich, Swit- torio,” and on March 5, the “Requiem” zerland, contributes an article on “De- by Brahms was sung. mythologized Eschatology.” Later this Of particular interest was the Choir’s year the bicentennial of the birth of the appearance on the National Council of poet, William Blake, will be celebrated. Churches’ television program, “Fron- In that connection, Professor Carlos tiers of Faith,” on Sunday, February Baker, Chairman of the Department of 24. It was given “live” over sixty-nine English Literature of Princeton Uni- stations and re-broadcast on twenty- versity, has written on “William Blake four other stations from two to four Soldier of Christ.” Last December in weeks later. The broadcast covered the — Indianapolis Dr. addressed the continental United States, Hawaii, Mackay Guam, and Alaska. joint assembly of the Division of Home Missions the Division of Christian Handel’s “Messiah,” Parts I and II, and is scheduled to be sung in Miller Chapel Life and Work of the National Council on May 21. of Churches. The address is published The Choir is now making plans for in this issue of Theology Today under a visit to Puerto Rico and perhaps to the title, “The Eternal Imperative in a other islands of the West Indies also World of Change.” The lead book re- this coming summer. The route will view is a review by Dr. Hendrik Krae- 36 THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN mer of Arnold Toynbee’s An His- has a circulation of more than 5,000. torian’s Approach to Religion. Hundreds of pastors and missionaries With this April number, Theology throughout the country and around the

Today enters upon its fourteenth year. world find it informative and stimulat- Throughout these years the journal has ing and eagerly anticipate its quarterly had a distinguished career, and today arrival.

A PRAYER FOR BROTHERHOOD John R. Bodo Minister, First Presbyterian Church, Princeton, New Jersey in Miller Chapel

February 14, 1957

God of the prophets, Father of our Lord Jesus Christ and our Father, Who in every age hast set apart some of Thy sons and daughters for the ministry of Thy Word, let Thy glory pass over us while we hide our heads in the dust of the earth. Let us feel the light of Thy truth about us. Let us hear again Thy still, small voice within us. Call us to task, that in a new encounter with Thee we may rededicate ourselves to the task to which Thou hast called us.

We confess that we have been unprofitable servants of Thy Word. We have followed the zigzagging line of least resistance which Satan continuously traces before us. We have identi- fied our peace with Thy peace, and in the name of the Most High ministered to some of our low instincts. As followers of Christ, we have lagged far behind. As leaders of men, we have followed too much the devices of popularity and the desires of respectability. We penitently admit that we have done little except polish the rough edges of that rock of offence which is Thy Gospel.

Nevertheless, O Lord, Thy Spirit has been at work among us and, at times, through us. We give Thee thanks therefore for Thy gifts of courage, conscience, and conflict. We praise Thee not only for letting us come to Thee just as we are, but also for letting us lead others to Thee in spite of ourselves.

During this week devoted to thoughts of brotherhood, we pray for a fresh understanding of the term, which Thou hast dramatized and fulfilled for our redemption in the outpouring of our Lord’s blood. Remind us, we pray Thee, that a servant is not greater than His Master. As He dared, suffered, and died, so let us dare, suffer, and—if need be—die. Force us to remember that He came to earth to bring, not the soft peace of false prophets, but the sharp sword of Thy truth, to divide justice from injustice, sincerity from hypocrisy, compassion from callousness.

We pray in particular that Thy Church may experience afresh both Thy judgment and Thy mercy: Thy judgment, because of our betrayal of the very fundamentals of brotherhood; Thy mercy, because we are still the custodians of Thy Gospel of brotherhood. For the neglected and the neglectful for the homeless of the those too much at home in this ; world and world for victims and victimizers, lift to our intercessions, pleading for Thy ; we Thee humble reconciling power incarnate in our Lord Jesus Christ, Whose righteousness encompasses all, Whose forgiveness is sufficient for all.

O Thou Who hast called us into Thy service and art equipping us for the ministry of Thy Word, give us vision rightly to discern the signs of the times, that old enmities may cease both within us and among us and that we may be able, at last, to fulfill our ministry as brothers in the cause of Him Who is our Elder Brother, even Jesus of Nazareth, our Redeemer and our Lord. Amen. :

PUBLICATIONS BY THE FACULTY

Donovan O. Norquist

The following bibliographical list has James W. Clarke been compiled from information sup- Articles plied by members of the Faculty re- “Propriety or Prophecy,” P.S. Bulletin, garding their books, articles, reviews, XLIX, 4 (May), 3-10. “The Christian Home in a Changing World” ' and other literary work which appeared (Sermon), Pulpit Digest, XXXVI, 222 during the calendar year of 1956. The (October), 23-30. frequently recurring abbreviation PS. Reviews Bulletin is to be read Princeton Semi- ] Bulletin. Emil Brunner, The Great Invitation in The- I nary ology Today, XIII, 1 (April), 121-122. Ilion T. Jones, Principles and Practice of Georges A. Barrois Preaching in The Christian Century, Article LXXIII, 35 (August 29), 997. “The Rise of Marian Theology,” Theology Today, XII, 4 (January), 463-476. Charles T. Fritsch Reviews Book Peter Thomsen, Die Palastina-Literatur VI The Qumran Community, Its History and 1-2 in Bibliotheca Orientalis, XII, 5-6, 192. Scrolls, New York: Macmillan Co., pp. Eugene R. Fairweather, A Scholastic Mis- viii + 147. cellany (The Library of Christian Classics, Articles vol. X) in The Westminster Bookman, XV, “The Dead Sea Scrolls and the New Testa- 4 (December), 17-18. ment,” Pulpit Digest, XXXVI, 223 (No- vember), 11-17. Andrew W. Blackwood “The Dead Sea Scrolls— 1956,” P.S. Bulle- Book tin, L, 2 (October), 20-26. “Bible Dictionaries and Encyclopedias,” Tools Doctrinal Preaching for Today, New York for Bible Study, ed. by Balmer H. Kelly and Nashville: Abingdon Press, pp. 224. and Donald G. Miller, Richmond, Virginia Article John Knox Press, 35-43. “The Marks of Great Evangelical Preach- Reviews ing,” Christianity Today, I, 3 (November 12), 3-6. W. Zimmerli, Erkenntnis Gottes nach dem Review Buche Ezechiel in Interpretation, X, 3 (Ju- ly), 368-370. Dwight E. Stevenson, Preaching on the Edmund Wilson, The Scrolls from the Dead Books of the New Testament in Encounter, Sea in The Review of Religion, XXI, 1 IV, 3 (Summer), 295-96. (January), 52-54. Millar Burrows, The Dead Sea Scrolls in J. Donald Butler P.S. Bulletin, XLIX, 4 (May), 55. Reviews Joseph Klausner, The Messianic Idea in Is- William A. Smith, Ancient Education in The rael, ibid., 55-58.

Christian Century, LXXIII, 1 (January General 4), 18-19.

J. W. Ashley Smith, The Birth of Modern Contributor to The Douglass Sunday School Education, ibid. Lessons. 38 THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN

Contributor to a Symposium on the Dead Sea “Word and Sacrament,” P.S. Bulletin, Scrolls which has been put on tape and is XLIX, 4 (May), 16-21. being distributed by the National Associa- Reviews tion of Educational Broadcasters. J. S. Whale, The Protestant Tradition in

Theology Today, XIII, 1 (April), 112- Kenneth S. Gapp 114. General Paul Tillich, Biblical Religion and the Search Book Review Editor of Theology Today. for Ultimate Reality, ibid., 2 (July), 251- 256.

Henry S. Gehman , The New Being, ibid. Reviews Elmer G. Homrighausen Immanuel Lewy, The Growth the Penta- of Articles teuch in The Christian Century, LXXIII, “Biblical Foundations for Christian Educa- 5 (February 1), 144. tion,” World Christian Education, XI, Millar Burrows, The Dead Sea Scrolls in 4 (Fourth Quarter), 104-106. The Westminster Bookman, XV, 2 (June), “The Church in the World,” Theology To- 12-13. day, XII, (January), 516-526; XIII, 1 George Ernest Wright and Floyd Vivian Fil- 4 (April), 93-104; 2 (July), 240-250; son; introductory article by Wm. Foxwell 3 (October), 407-418. Albright, The Westminster Historical At- “The Greatest Love Story,” Pulpit Preach- las to the Bible, ibid., 4 (December), 1-2. ing, IX, 9 (September), 21-23. Herbert F. Hahn, The Old Testament in “Christian Stewardship and Christian Educa- Modern Research in P.S. Bulletin, XLIX, tion,” Stewardship Education, Augustana 4 (May), 48. Lutheran Church, Minneapolis, Minnesota. W. Schwarz, Principles and Problems of Bib- “Christian Stewardship and the Younger lical Translation—Some Reformation Con- Churches,” Joint Department of Steward- troversies and Their Background, ibid., ship and Benevolence, National Council of 48-49. Churches, New York, New York. Wendell Phillips, Qataban and Sheba—Ex- “Billy Graham and the Protestant Predica- ploring the Ancient Kingdoms on the Bib- ment,” The Christian Century, LXXIII, lical Spice Routes of Arabia in Princeton 29 (July), 848-849. Alumni Weekly, 56, 27 (May 18) ; in “Karl Barth Reaches Seventy,” ibid., 42 (Oc- in P.S. Bul- Good Reading, VII, 3 (May) ; tober), 1194-1197. letin, XLIX, 4 (May), 49. “Younger Churches in Crisis,” National Norman K. Gottwald, Studies in the Book Council Outlook, VI, 7 (September), 11- of Lamentations in The Review of Re- 12, 24. ligion, XX, 3-4 (March), 229. “Theology and Children,” International Jour- General nal of Religious Education, XXXIII, 2 19-21. Member of Editorial Committee, Journal of (October), Biblical Literature. “Evangelism : Ministry of the Church,” Pas- 12- Member of Editorial Council, Theology To- toral Psychology, VII, 69 (December), day. 16. “The Consultation Clinic,” ibid., 56-57. George S. Hendry Reviews Book Faculty, Union Theological Seminary, Rich- mond, Va., Essential Books for a Pastor’s The Holy Spirit in Christian Theology, Phil- Library in P.S. Bulletin, XLIX, 3 (Janu- adelphia : Westminster Press, pp. 128. ary), 60. Articles Roger E. Ortmayer, ed., Witness to the Cam- “The Dogmatic Form of Barth’s Theology,” pus, ibid., L, 2 (October), 51-52. Theology Today, XIII, 3 (October), 300- Lance Webb, Conquering the Seven Deadly

314 - Sins, ibid., 52-53. THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN 39

Minister’s Con- Simon Doninger, ed., The Edward J. Jurji sultation Clinic, ibid., 53. Book Robert McAfee Brown, The Significance of Culture, the Church in The Westminster Bookman, The Middle East: Its Religion and

Philadelphia : The Westminster Press, pp. XV, 1 (March), 1-3.

159 - General Pamphlet Contributing editor, Theology Today. Hinduism Today (Society for Visual Educa- tion, Inc., A809-7). The World Believes Norman V. Hope Series, Chicago, pp. 16.

Article Reviews

“The Christian Attitude to Death” (Sermon), Pierre Rondot, Les Chretiens D’Orient, in Pulpit Digest, XXXVI, 217 (May), 43-48. The Middle East Journal, X, 1 (Winter), 83-84. Reviews Muhammad Asad, The Road to Mecca in W. R. Bowie, The Story of the Church in The International Review of Missions, The Journal of Religious Thought, XIII, XLV, 180 (October), 473-4.

( Autumn-Winter 68. 1 ) , General William Telfer, Cyril of Jerusalem and Neme- Associate Editor, The Muslim Quar- sius of Emesa in Monday Morning, XL, World terly. 19 (November 5), 15. C. R. Fay, Adam Smith and the Scotland of Book Review Editor, P.S. Bulletin. His Day in Annals of the American Acad- Consulting and Advisory Board, Funk and agnails Universal emy of Political and Social Sciences, 308 W Standard Encyclo- (November), 218-219. pedia. Madeleine S. Miller, A Treasury of the Cross in Westminster Bookman, XV, (De- The 4 Hugh T. Kerr cember), 29-30. Book J. S. Whale, The Protestant Tradition in “Exposition of the Song of Songs,” The In- P.S. Bulletin, XLIX, 3 (January), 56-57. Maxwell, History Worship terpreter’s Bible, V, 102-148. I William D. A of in the Church of Scotland, ibid., 57-58. Pamphlet Ethelbert Stauffer, Christ and the Caesars, A Year With The Bible, Philadelphia: West- ibid., 58. minster Press, pp. 24. The Evanston Report: Second Assembly of the World Council of Churches, 1954, ibid., Articles - 58 59 . “Counting the Cost,” Theology Today, XII, Frederick A. Norwood, The Development of 4 (January), 425-429- Modern Christianity since 1500, ibid., “The Christian Experience,” ibid., 430-433. XLIX, 4 (May), 60. “The Life of Man,” ibid., XIII, 1 (April), T. M. Parker, Christianity and the State in - 6 8 . the Light of History, ibid., 60-61. “Tradition, Theology, and the Churches,” Murdo E. Macdonald, The Vitality of Faith, ibid., 2 (July), 144-148. ibid., 61-62. “A Colloquium on Barth,” ibid., 3 (Octo- Walter Ullmann, The Growth of Papal Gov- ber), 294-297. ernment in the Middle Ages, ibid., L, 2 “Theological Table-Talk,” ibid., XII, (October), 48-49. 4 John R. H. Moorman, Church Life in Eng- (January), 511-515; XIII, 1 (April), 87- land in the Thirteenth Century, ibid., 49-50. 92; XIII, 2 (July), 232-239; XIII, 3 (Oc- I L. W. Elliott-Binns, English Thought, 1860- tober), 399-406. 1900, The Theological Aspect, ibid., 50. “Strength Through Weakness,” British

1 Norman Sykes, Old Priest and New Pres- Weekly, CXXXIX, 3659 (December 27),

byter, ibid., 50-51. 7 - 40 THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN

Reviews General C. W. Kegley and R. W. Bretall, Reinhold Member of Editorial Council, Interpretation, Niebuhr: His Religious, Social and Po- A Journal of Bible and Theology. litical Thought in P.S. Bulletin, XLIX, 4 (May), 58-59- Lefferts A. Loetscher Paul Tillich, Biblical Religion and the Search Book for Ultimate Reality, ibid., 59. Donald M. Baillie, To Whom Shall We Go? Editor (with M. W. Armstrong and C. A. Anderson) of The Presbyterian Enterprise; in The Westminster Bookman, XV, 3 (Sep- tember), 28-29. Sources of American Presbyterian History,

General Philadelphia : Westminster Press, pp. 336. Editor, Theology Today. Articles

Bringing up to date of his own articles Howard T. Kuist “Knox, John” and “Presbyterian” in the Book World Book Encyclopedia. These Words Upon Thy Heart (Sprunt Reviews Lectures, Edition), Richmond, Vir- Second Winthrop S. Hudson, The Great Tradition ginia: Knox Press, 189. John pp. of the American Churches in Theology Article Today, XII, 4 (January), 551-552. Jerald C. Brauer, Protestantism in America; “New Testament Lexicons,” Tools for Bible A Narrative History, ibid., 546-548. Study, ed. by Balmer H. Kelly and Donald H. Shelton Smith, Changing Conceptions G. Miller, Richmond, Virginia: John Knox of Original Sin; A Study in American The- Press, 22-44. ology Since in Westminster Bookman, Reviews 1750 XV, 2 (June), 21-22. Cynthia Pearl Maus, The Old Testament and James Hastings Nichols, History of Chris- the Fine Arts in P.S. Bulletin, XLIX, 3 tianity 1650-1950; Secularisation of the (January), 48-50. West in The Christian Century, LXXIII, Adam Coates Bouquet, Everyday Life in 43 (October 24), 1232-1233. New Testament Times, ibid. American Bible Society, The Good News, John A. Mackay The New Testament of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, ibid., 50. Articles C. K. Barrett, The Gospel according to John, “Miguel de Unamuno,” Christianity and the ibid., 4 (May), 52-53. Existentialists, ed. by Carl Michalson, Ira M. Price, et al.. The Ancestry of our New York: Scribner, 43-56. English Bible (Third Revised Edition), “Foreword,” God’s Order: The Ephesian ibid., L, 2 (October), 46-47. Letter and This Present Time, Portuguese John Wick Bowman, Prophetic Realism and Translation. the Gospel: A Preface to Biblical Theology “Foreword,” A Preface to Christian Theol-

in Interpretation, X, 1 (January), 90-93. ogy, Japanese Translation. F. W. Dillistone, et al., Scripture and Tradi- “Foreword,” Virgin Mary: The Roman Cath- tion in The Journal of Religious Thought, olic Marian Doctrine, Giovanni Miegge,

XIII, i (Winter), 72-73. tr. from Italian by Waldo Smith. George A. Buttrick, et al., The Interpreter’s “Foreword,” Musings in the Secret Place, Bible, Vol. XI, in The Westminster Book- M. A. Thomas.

man, XV, 1 (March), 15-16. “Christ is Risen—For What?” Theology

William Neil, The Rediscovery of the Bible Today, XIII, 1 (April), 1-6.

in Theology Today, XIII, 1 (April), 127- “An Ecumenical Era Calls for Missionary 128. Action,” ibid., 2 (July), 141-144. Albert N. Williams, Key Words of the Bible “Bonn 1930—And After, A Lyrical Tribute in The Christian Century, LXXIII, 29 to Karl Barth,” ibid., 3 (October), 287- (July 18), 853. 294. ”

THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN 4i

i“Some Questions Regarding Theological Emil Brunner, The Great Invitation and Education, with Special Reference to Other Sermons, ibid., 4 (May), 66-67. Princeton Seminary,” P.S. Bulletin, C. H. Dodd, The Benefits of His Passion, XLIX, 3 (January), 3-12. ibid., 67. “Let Love Be Your Only Debt,” ibid., L, 2 Halford E. Luccock, Unfinished Business, (October), 11-13. Short Diversions on Religious Themes, '“John Baillie, A Lyrical Tribute and Ap- ibid., 67-68. praisal,” Scottish Journal of Theology, IX, John C. Wynn (ed.), Sermons on Marriage ibid., L, (October), 24- 3 (September) pp. 225-235. and Family Life, 2 General 53- E. Stevenson, Preaching on the Books Chairman of Editorial Council, Theology Dwight Today. of the New Testament, ibid., 54. Ernest Gordon, A Living Faith for Today, ibid., 54-55. Donald MacLeod Truman B. Douglass, Preaching and the New Articles Reformation, ibid., 55. ii“Living Our Religion” (Sermon), Pulpit General Preaching, IX, (August), 12-14. 8 pp. Circulation Secretary, Theology Today. i “Prescription for the New Year” (Sermon), Editor, Princeton Seminary Bulletin. Church Management, XXXIII, (Decem- 3 Religious News Correspondent to The Chris- ber), 35-37. 10, tian Century for the New Jersey Area. “Life’s Other Dimension,” Theology Today, ; XIII, 2 (July), 149-150. Bruce M. Metzger '“Advent 1956,” Monday Morning, XXI, 19 Articles (November 12), 3-4.

I “The Responsibility of Opportunity” (Ser- The Text, Canon, and Principal Versions of mon), The Pulpit, XXVII, 11 (Novem- the Bible (with E. E. Flack and others),

ber), io-ii, 15. Grand Rapids, Michigan : Baker Book House. Pp. 12-14; 24-29; 33-491 53-54- 1 “Minister or Pastor—Which?” The Pres- byterian Outlook, CXXXVIII, 38 (Octo- “A Greek and Aramaic Inscription Discov- in ber 22), 7. ered at Armazi Georgia,” Journal of Eastern Studies, I “The New Hymn Book,” The United Church Near XV, 1 (January), 18-26. Observer, XVII, 23 (Feb. 1), 17. “Is the Unique?” Chris- \ “Prayer Telephone,” ibid., 28 (April 15), 21. Yonan Codex The “Worship and Evangelism,” The United tian Century, LXXIII, 8 (February 22), Churchtnan, XLI, 20 (October 25), 16. 234- 236; “The Yonan Codex Again,” ibid., “Trends in Contemporary Worship,” ibid., (May 2), 557L I "Report of Progress of the 21 (November 8), 3. American Sec- “Getting Back to First Principles in Wor- tion of the International Greek New Testa- ship,” ibid., 22 (November 22), 6. ment Project,” New Testament Studies. II, 3 (February), 222L ; also in Theologi- Reviews cal Studies, XVII, 1 (March), 67B William D. Maxwell, A History of Worship “New Light from Old Manuscripts,” Theol-

in the Church of Scotland in The Christian ogy Today, XIII, 1 (April), 72-86. Century, 73, 3 (February 1), 145-146. “The Miracles of Jesus Christ as a Mode of

! Harry Emerson Fosdick, What is Vital in Teaching,” The Reformed Revieiv, IX, 3 Religion in Theology Today, XIII, 1 (April), 1-7. (April), 132-133. “A Hitherto Neglected Early Fragment of Bulletin, the I in to , P.S. XLIX, 3 (January), Epistle Titus,” Novum Testamentum 62-63. (Leiden), I, (April), ! 2 149b Donald Baillie, To Whom Shall We Go? “Num bis relata sit, extra orationem Do- ibid., 63. minicam, vox epiousiosl [latine reddi- Edgar N. Jackson, How to Preach to People’s dit P. Nober], Verbum Domini, XXXIV, Needs, ibid., 63-64. 6 (Nov.-Dee.), 349B 42 THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN

“Grammars of New Testament Greek,” Tools Testament Study in The New Christian

for Bible Study, ed. by Balmer H. Kelly Advocate, I, 2 (November), 1 1 if. and Donald G. Miller, Richmond: John General Knox Press, 45-59. Editorial Secretary, Theology Today. Reviews Member of Editorial Council, New Testa- ment Studies. Krister Stendahl, The School of St. Matthew and its Use the Old Testament in P.S. of Dorothy Kirkwood Mooney Bulletin, XLIX, 3 (January), 5of. John Wick Bowman, The Drama of the Book Article of Revelation, ibid., 5if. “From Ragged Regiment to Sunday Church

Erwin R. Goodenough, Jewish Symbols in School,” Junior-Hi Kit, No. 13, 47-50.

the Greco-Roman Period, vol. 4, The Prob- lem of Method and Symbols from the Jew- Otto A. Piper ish Cult, ibid., 52. Articles

D. Barthelemy and J. T. Milik, Discoveries “A Interpretacao Cristan da Historia” (V

in the Judean Desert ; vol. I, Qumran Cave and VI), tr. by Mrs. Percy Schuetzer I, ibid., 4 (May), 53L Revista da Historia, VII, 25 (January- St. Maximus the Confessor, The Ascetic Life, March), 27-45, and VII, 26 (April-June), and The Four Centuries on Charity, tr. by 27-47. Polycarp Sherwood, ibid., 54b “Peril and Prospect in Central Europe,” The- St. Augustine, The Problem of Free Choice, ology Today, XIII, 1 (April), 18-29; Japa- nese translation in The Christian Weekly, tr. by Dom Mark Pontifex, ibid. David Daube, The New Testament and Rab- Tokyo (August 4, 11, 18, 25 and Septem- ber 1). binic Judaism, ibid., L, 2 (October), 47. “Wrong View of Miracles,” Presbyterian Adolf Schlatter, The Church in the New Outlook, 138, 47 (December 24), 5. Testament Period, ibid., 47-48. Arthur Voobus, Early Versions of the New Reviews Testament, Manuscript Studies, in Journal Olaf Moe, The Apostle Paul: His Message of Biblical Literature, LXXV, 1 (March), and Doctrine in P.S. Bulletin, XLIX, 3 62f. (January), 46. R. Yu. Vipper, Rim i rannee Khristianstvo, Ragnar Leivestad, Christ the Conqueror, ibid., ibid., 3 (September), 246L 45-46. Charisteria Iohanni Kopp octogenario oblata W. H. Riggs, The Fourth Gospel and Its

in Theology Today, XIII, 1 (April), 129- Message Today, ibid., 47. 132. Walter Mosse, A Theological German Vo- D. E. Nineham, ed., Studies in the Gospels, cabulary, ibid., 47-48. Essays in Memory of R. H. Lightfoot, ibid., Erwin Panofsky, The Life and Art of Al- 129-132. brecht Diirer, ibid., 48. William Barclay, A New Testament Word- Ethelbert Stauffer, New Testament Theol- book in The Christian Century, LXXIII, ogy, ibid., 4 (May), 49-50; also in Journal 23 (June 6), 693. of Biblical Literature, LXXV, 4 (Decem- Hampton Adams, Vocabulary of Faith, ibid. ber), 350-352. John Burnaby, Christian Words and Christian Maurice Goguel, The Birth of Christianity, Meanings, ibid. ibid., 50-51. W. Schwarz, Principles and Problems of Rudolf Bultmann, Theology of the New Tes- Biblical Interpretation; Some Reformation tament, Vol. II, ibid., 51-52. Controversies and their Background in Luther: Letters of Spiritual Counsel, ed. and Speculum, XXXI, 2 (April), 4o8f. tr. by G. Tappert, Monday Morning, 21, 8 Oscar Cullmann, The State in the New Tes- (April 9), 15-16. tament in The Westminster Bookman, XV, Martin Albertz, Die Botschaft des Neuen 3 (September), 14b Testamentes, Bd. 2, 1, Theology Today, Donald T. Rowlingson, Introduction to New XIII, 2 (July), 278-280. THE PRINCETON SEMIN ARY BULLETIN 43

Regin Prenter, Spiritus Creator, Studien in Reviews Luther's Theologie, Archiv Fuer Reforma- Earl L. Douglass, The Douglass Sunday tionsgeschichte, 47, I, 121-122. School Lessons for 1956 in P.S. Bulletin, XLIX, 3 (January) 59-60. Virgil M. Rogers Frank S. Mead, Editor, Tarbell’s Teacher’s Book Guide, 1956, ibid., 60. W. Reginald Wheeler, A Man Sent from A Beginner’s Handbook to Biblical Hebrew God, Biography of Robert E. Speer, ibid., (with John H. Marks), Princeton: Pub- 4 (May), 62-64. lished by the authors, pp. 160. General Advisory Editor, The Muslim World. Daniel J. Theron Contributor to bibliography on Islam for Articles International Review of Missions. “ ‘Adoption’ in the Pauline Corpus,” The Contributor to The Douglass Sunday School

Evangelical Quarterly, XXVIII, 1 (Janu- Lessons. ary-March), 6-14. “Some Thoughts on the Study of the Bib- D. Campbell Wyckoff lical Languages,” P.S. Bulletin, XLIX, 4 Reviews (May), 22-25. Lewis Sherrill, The Gift of Power in The Review J. Westminster Bookman, XV, 1 (March), Walter E. Bundy, Jesus and the First Three 29-30. Gospels in P.S. Bulletin, XLIX, (Janu- 3 Ambrose L. Suhrie, Teacher of Teachers in ary), 52-54. P.S. Bulletin, XLIX, 3 (January), 60-61. Ferris E. Reynolds, An Adventure with Peo- ple, ibid., 61-62. J. Christy Wilson Growing Together, Manual for Councils of Pamphlets A Churches, ibid., 4 (May), 64-65. Program the Princeton Institute Theol- of of Randolph Crump Miller, Education for Chris- ogy, 1956. Princeton University Press, pp. tian Living, ibid., 65-66.

8 . Documentary Film, The Crescent and the General Cross. Script based on pamphlet. Co-editor of The Christian Education Week- Introducing Islam. Film by World Wide Pic- day Curriculum (6 vols.), New York: tures, Hollywood, for Winona Lake School Board of National Missions of the Pres- of Theology. byterian Church in the U.S.A. :

ALUMNI NEWS

Orion C. Hopper

lass reunions. This repeat an- Dubuque Alumni Gathering. Availing Cnouncement is being made in the themselves of a visit by Dr. Charles T. hope that class leaders will have ample Fritsch to Wartburg College, Waverly, time to organize their Class Reunions Iowa, and Dubuque University, March for this year’s Commencement. 5th and 10th, a number of the alumni The following classes should be hav- held an informal get-together at Du- ing reunions this year: Class of 1892, buque Thursday evening, March 10th. 1897, 1902, 1907, 1912, 1917, 1922, 1927, 1932, 1937, 1942, 1947 and 1952. Syracuse Alumni Association. Alumni To keep alumni more “class con- in Syracuse, Cayuga, Utica, and St. scious,” some form of continuing or- Lawrence Presbyteries met for luncheon ganization should be set up with a presi- in the Elmwood Presbyterian Church, dent or secretary. The Alumni Office is Syracuse, on January 28th. David S. anxious to be of assistance in supplying Maclnnes presided, and Vice-President class lists, and suggesting methods by James K. Quay addressed the group. which this tradition can be maintained. J. Edward Hamilton, pastor of the host Classes holding reunions are especially Church, Donald E. Wallace, and Arnold recognized at the Annual Alumni Din- Nakajuma were in charge of the ar- ner. rangements.

GENERAL ASSEMBLY ALUMNI DINNER

Saturday, May 18, at 6 P.M. Mardi Gras Room Omaha Athletic Club Omaha, Nebraska

Reservations may be sent to the Alumni Office. Alumni are kindly requested to sign the reservation posters in the lobby of the Civic Auditorium. Ladies are invited. THE ALUMNI FALL CONFERENCE September 18-19 Speaker The Reverend James Sutherland Thomson, D.D., LL.D., F.R.C.S. Dean, Faculty of Divinity at McGill University and Moderator of the United Church of Canada ALUMNI NOTES

C. Irving Lewis is serving as minister of [ 1917 ] Goldsboro, N.C. Joseph A. Owen has been called to the pas- First Church (US), torate of First Church, McCarney, Texas. [ 1936 ]

[ 1918 ] David Rodney Bluhm has been awarded the

Ward Willis Long is serving as assistant degree of Doctor of Philosophy by the Uni- at First Church, Berkeley, Calif. versity of Pittsburgh.

[ 1919 ] [ 1937 ] Leroy Young Dillener Sr. has been called T. Winston Wilbanks has been appointed to the pastorate of Nemacolin Community associate minister of Westminster Church, Church, Nemacolin, Pa. He also continues at Amarillo, Texas. Creek Church, Carmichaels, Pa. Muddy [ 1938 ] Reginald Rowland is serving as minister of B. Ross Cleeland has been called to the Church, Chazy, Chazy N.Y. pastorate of the Makawoa Union Church, Paia, Mauri, T.H. [ 1927 ] Bryant M. Kirkland has been called to the Valentine S. Alison has been called to First the pastorate of Mt. Paran Church, Randalls- pastorate of the Church, Tulsa, Okla. town, Md. Albert H. Manus is serving as minister of Meyer Moyer Hostetter has been appointed the West Milford Church, West Milford, N.J. Director of Admissions and Professor of Re- [ 1940 ] ligion at Bloomfield College, Bloomfield, N.J. T. Howard Akland is on the teaching staff of Valley Central School, [ 1928 ] Newark Newark Herbert Braun has been elected Moderator Valley, N.Y. of the Synod of New York for the United Robert G. McClure has been appointed Presbyterian Church. administrator of the Presbyterian Child Wel- fare George Fischer has been appointed assist- Agency, Synod of Kentucky. ant minister of First Church, Hollywood, Fla. [ 1941 ] Bennett William Palmer has been called W. Harvey Jenkins is serving as minister to the pastorate of the Glen Myra Methodist of the Northminster Church, Columbus, O. Church, Jacksonville, Fla.

[ 1942 ] 1930 [ ] Roland G. deVries has been called as min- William A. Guenther has been called to ister of the Woodland Chapel and Library, the pastorate of First Church, Pottstown, Pa. Salem, Ore. John Ross Hays has been called to the Charles P. Robshaw is serving as minister Parkhurst Memorial Church, Elkland, Pa., of East Liberty Church, Pittsburgh, Pa. to serve as minister.

Paul Louis Stumpf, pastor of the Arling- [ 1943 ] ton Heights Church, Arlington Heights, 111., Anthony Andrew Hoekema has been ap- has received the honorary degree of Doctor pointed Associate Professor of Bible at Cal- of Divinity from the University of Dubuque. vin College, Grand Rapids, Mich.

James L. Price, Jr., Associate Professor 1932 [ ] of Religion, Duke University, has been ap- William E. Phifer, Jr. has been called to pointed Chairman of the Department of Re- the pastorate of First Church, Monrovia, ligion.

Calif. Stanley L. Tarves is serving as assistant

[ 1935 1 minister of First Church, Wausau, Wis.

Lewis M. Harro has been called to the Carl J. C. Wolf has been appointed associ- pastorate of the First Church, Helena, Mont. ate executive of the Synod of New Jersey. 46 THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN

[ 1944 ] [ i95i ]

George T. Wright has been called to the Emily Deeter is working with the Joint pastorate of the Federated Church (Metho- Commission on Missionary Education, Na- dist-Presbyterian) of Thormopolis, Wyo. tional Council of Churches in New York City. Robert Bender Jacoby has been called to [ 1945 ] the pastorate of the Waynesboro Church, Earl A. Loomis, Jr. is Professor of Psychi- Waynesboro, Pa. atry and Religion at Union Theological Sem- [ 1952 ] inary, New York City. Marvin C. Baarman is serving as Home Ernest L. McMillan is serving under the Missionary in the Christian Reformed Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, or- Church, Florida Program. ganizing a new church in the oil fields around John C. Holden has been called to the pas- Abadan, South Iran. torate of North Hills Church, Knoxville, O. Emerson Washburn has been called as Tenn. assistant pastor of Arcadia Church, Arcadia, William C. Howell has been called to the Calif. pastorate of the San Manuel Community 1946 [ ] Presbyterian Church, San Manuel, Ariz. called Roger A. Huber has been to the James M. Moore, Jr. is serving as min- pastorate of the Scarborough Church, Scar- ister of St. Paul Methodist Church, Atlanta, borough, N.Y. Ga.

[ 1947 ] Marie E. Porter has been called to the pas- C. Charles Bachmann has been appointed torate of the Brick Presbyterian Church, Os- Director of Chaplaincy, Council of Churches bornville, N.J. of Buffalo and Erie County, N.Y. Charles C. Robinson is serving as minister Wallace E. Easter has been called to the of the Taymouth Church, Birch Run, Mich. pastorate of First Church, Clarence, N.Y. William E. Slough has been called to the Earle B. Harris, Jr. is serving as minister pastorate of Grace Church, Rochester, N.Y. of First Church, Lewistown, Mont. Charles L. Sorg is serving as minister of the First United Church (Presbyterian), 1948 [ ] Hoosick Falls, N.Y. Tetsuo Saito has been called to the pas- Robert Eugene Stover has been called to torate of the Wintersburg Japanese Presby- the pastorate of First Church, Belmont, N.Y. terian Church, Wintersburg, Calif. and the Presbyterian Church of Andover, N.Y. t 1949 ] Donald F. Taylor is serving as pastor of William E. is serving Presby- Gibson as the First Church, Russell, Minn. terian University Pastor at the University of Pennsylvania and is also assistant pastor [ 1953 ] at Tabernacle Church, Philadelphia, Pa. James R. Belt, Jr. has been called to the Ulna Foster Park has been appointed re- pastorate of the Parkville Church, Parkville, search assistant, Department of English, Uni- Mo. versity of Wisconsin. Robert B. Caldwell has been called to the pastorate of First Church, Denison, Iowa. [ 1950 ] Harvey C. Douie, Jr. is serving as Minister William B. Abbott has been called to the of Christian Education, First Church, Had- pastorate of Oakdale Church, Norfolk, Va. donfield, N.J. Mrs. Abbott is the former Marguerite Cooper Ormond LeRoy Hampton is now assistant ’49- minister of Market Square Church, Harris- Berti George Fedor is serving as Min- burg, Pa. ister of Education at First Church, Santa John Mervin Hess has been called as or- Monica, Calif. ganizing pastor of Shady Lane Church, Co- Alfred I. Sager has been called to the pas- lumbus, O. torate of Westminster Church, Phillipsburg, Howard W. McFall, Jr. is serving as min- N.J. ister of First Church, Arlington, N.J. THE PRINCETON SEMIN ARY BULLETIN 47

Stuart H. Merriam is serving as assistant pastorate of Community Church (Presby- minister of Faith Church, Baltimore, Md. terian) Winchester, Idaho and First Church, Thomas Dorman Peterson has been called Lapwai, Idaho. to the pastorate of Trinity Methodist Church, Charles R. Trout is serving as minister of Pittsfield, Mass. the Trinity Evangelical and Reformed Scottdale, Pa. [ 1954 ] Church, Robert Clark has been called to the pas- J. [ 1955 ] torate of the Troub Memorial Church, In- Benjamin Leighton Armstrong is now the

: dianapolis, Ind. minister of the Community Presbyterian Samuel Colman, is serving as minister Jr. Church, Ringwood, N.J. of a new church, Franklin Mission, Farming- Kenneth R. Mitchell is serving as Mis- ton, Mich. sionary Pastor, Board of Church Extension, Charles Dougherty is now minister of J. St. Louis Presbytery. the Church at Mattituck, Long Island, N.Y.

Roger Gilstad is doing graduate work at [ 1956 ] the University of Chicago. Mrs. June Gil- Duncan Brockway is teaching at Sanborn stad ’56 is Minister of Education at First Seminary, Kingston, N.H. He is also serving Baptist Church, Aurora, 111. as stated supply at Windham Church. Eugene M. Grier has been called to the Robert H. Rikkers is an assistant in reli- pastorate of the Doraville Associate Re- gious work among students in the Congrega- formed Presbyterian Church, Doraville, Ga. tional Christian Church. Mrs. Grier is the former Mina Seipel, ’54. Vernon C. Scandrett is serving as a Gen- John W. Howard is serving as minister of eral Physician at Memorial Hospital, Harlan, Llanerch Church, Havertown, Pa. Kentucky, while awaiting South American Harriet C. Prichard is serving as In- Visas for Mission Work. structor in Christian Education, Princeton John Wesley Voth has been called to the Theological Seminary. pastorate of the Maple Plain Church, Maple Henry L. Sugden has been called to the Plain, Minn. ALUMNI NECROLOGY

JANUARY 1 -DECEMBER ., 1956

Name Class Date of Death Thomas Henry Ayers 1896 April 21, 1956 William Brown 1903 April 6, 1956 John Randolph Campbell 1916 June 14, 1956 William Crawford 1908 November 29, 1956 Rudolph Coughey 1900 November 24, 1956 Edwin Stanley Chedister 1916 November 23, 1956 Roy Lee Davis 1918 August 14, 1956 Evan R. Evans 1883 October 16, 1956 Norman L. Euwer 1901 December 2, 1956 John B. Farrell 1900 March 22, 1956 Elmer Alexander Henderson 1916 April, 1956 Henry E. Hibshman 1895 May 20, 1956 Edwin Jones 1902 August 28, 1956 Walter Thomas Jackson 1933 March, 1956

Thornwell Jacobs 1899 August 4, 1956 Harry W. Kilgore 1905 August 31, 1956 Norman Elias Koehler 1904 September 28, 1956 Robert Graham Leetch 1903 September 30, 1956 Jacob Servis LaRue 1915 August, 1956 Abraham L. Lathem 1893 October, 1956 Charles Wilson Lamme 1907 November, 1956 Paul Martin 1886 June 21, 1956 John Moffatt Mecklin 1896 March 10, 1956

Frederick P. Mudge 1900 March 4, 1956 William Leroy Mudge 1896 August 8, 1956 William R. Newell 1894 March 12, 1956

John E. Park 1903 March 4, 1956

Arthur Reno Porter 1916 April 1, 1956 Stewart W. Radford 1936 August 14, 1956

J. R. Saunders 1920 October 28, 1956

Richard Byrd Sawyer 1958 September 1, 1956

J. A. Sellers 1915 April 26, 1956 George Rogers Swann 1924 January 20, 1956

Dana Hamilton Smith 1952 December 4, 1956

Irby D. Terrell 1926 June 9, 1956 Kohei Takeda 1930 July 28, 1956 A. B. Thut 1912 August 11, 1956 Lowell A. Van Patten 1926 June 20, 1956 MEMORIAL MINUTE* ON

THE REVEREND PAUL MARTIN, M.A., 1862-1956

The Reverend Paul Martin was born er years, Mr. Martin acquired a variety in Ashland, Kentucky, on April 21, of experiences in addition to those of 1862, the son of Edwin Welles and Nar- campus and parish that helped him to cissa McCurdy Martin. His father, a enter sympathetically into the needs banker and manufacturer, was a Pres- and interests of others and to fit him byterian ruling elder and greatly inter- for the kindly and valued counseling ested in foreign missions. The family service that he was able to render to moved to Covington, Kentucky, then to students and others during his years as Elizabeth, New Jersey, where young Seminary Registrar and Registrar Paul attended the Pingry School. He Emeritus. Between college and semi- was graduated from the College of New nary he worked in Washington, D.C. Jersey, now Princeton University, in as an electrician’s helper, and also at 1882, and from Princeton Theological the Chicago stockyards, acquiring some Seminary in 1886. Winning the Old understanding of the workingman’s Testament Fellowship at Princeton problems. At another time he had some Seminary, he divided a year of post- business experience in a stove firm. graduate study between the Univer- During most of his seminary student sities of Berlin and Halle. In 1891 he days he engaged in private tutoring. married Lucy Gilman Abbott, daughter He had experience as a town pastor in of a lawyer, and niece of Lyman Abbott. Omaha, Nebraska, from 1888 to 1889, married She died in 1921. In 1927 he and as a country pastor at Palisades, Miss Catherine Mary Reeve, sister of New Jersey, from 1890 to 1899. From the Reverend Dr. John T. Reeve. She 1889 to 1890 in Wilmington, Delaware, died in 1954. His older brother, the he engaged in city missions among ship- Reverend Chalmers Martin, who was yard men and served as Y.M.C.A. also an alumnus of Princeton College secretary. His lifelong interest in for- and Seminary, taught for a time at both eign missions found expression in his of these institutions, and later was promotion of the Ecumenical Mission- Professor of Old Testament History ary Conference in New York in 1900, and Literature at the College of and in editing its Report, and during Wooster. Two sisters, the Misses the next two years as agent for Canton Isabel D. and Ella M. Martin, for Christian College in China. many years his neighbors in Princeton He con- were, like their father and brother, tributed a number of articles to the blessed with great longevity. Encyclopedia of Missions, published By diversified activities in his young- in 1904, and collaborated with E. C. Richardson, Librarian of Princeton * Prepared by Lefferts A. Loetscher and University, in preparing An Alphabeti- submitted to the Faculty on November 8, 1956. cal Subject Index and Index Encyclo- So THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN paedia to Periodical Articles on Reli- days before Payne Hall was built he gion 1890-1899, which was published and the first Mrs. Martin were par- in 1907. ticularly interested in missionaries on Following a trend nearly everywhere furlough and in married students. In in the country among ecclesiastical appreciation, student wives of those bodies and educational institutions, days named their organization the Lucy Princeton Seminary was on the eve of Abbott Martin Circle. great expansion in its administrative Mr. Martin’s relations with Princeton activities when Mr. Martin became University, his Alma Mater, were long Registrar and Secretary of the Faculty and happy. In 1914 he received the in 1906. The Seminary had secured its Master of Arts degree honoris causa, first president, Dr. Francis L. Patton, and for nine years he was a member only four years before. Previous to Mr. of the University’s Graduate Council. Martin’s coming the activities of Regis- For many years he was secretary of trar had been performed by a full-time his Class of ’82. On December 12, teaching member of the Faculty. In 1953, he was designated “senior addition to keeping the records of the alumnus.” The extensive and repeated Seminary, which he did with notable publicity that accompanied this designa- care and accuracy, Mr. Martin exer- tion he received with appreciation and cised responsibility for placing students characteristic good-humored modesty, in field work and seniors in full-time as when he quipped : “I have a unique pastorates. He also aided alumni who distinction—whether I become a thief were seeking to change their fields of or a rascal, I am still the oldest living service. Under Mr. Martin’s direction alumnus. All I have to do is stay alive.” all of these functions of the Seminary After becoming Registrar Emeritus in expanded greatly in volume and im- 1932, Mr. Martin maintained a lively portance. interest in many church and community As Registrar, Mr. Martin’s relations activities, in accordance with his advice with students and others extended be- to younger men: “Keep going—never yond the bare requirements of duty. put the brakes on.” He was elected He made entering students, whether Moderator of New Brunswick Presby- from the United States or from abroad, tery in 1934. He was interested in the feel immediately welcome. While he American Waldensian Aid Society. On never imposed his advice on any, his several occasions he was Moderator of wide experience, innate wisdom, and Session of the Witherspoon Presby- Christian understanding were available terian Church. He was a member of the to those who sought his counsel. The English Speaking Union, of the “Old bright good humor that sparkled in his Guard,” and of the Princeton Sym- eye and the kindliness of his count- posium. When a movement for leisure- enance were an invitation to friendship. time adult education was spreading in Many sought his counsel and help, have New Jersey, he became in 1938 chair- remembered him gratefully through the man of Princeton’s first community- years, and find in his passing the loss of wide adult education program, the an esteemed personal friend. In the so-called “Leisure Hour School.” A THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN 5i local newspaper, Town Topics, in June, engaged in Christian service, five great 1951, appropriately designated him grandchildren, two nieces, and two Princeton’s “Man of the Week.” nephews. Mr. Martin died on June 21, 1956, “The hoary head is a crown of glory, in his ninety-fifth year, after being if it be found in the way of righteous- hospitalized less than a month. His ness.” “And I heard a voice from will was very generous to Princeton heaven saying unto me, Blessed are the Seminary and to other religious and dead which die in the Lord from hence- community organizations. He is sur- forth : Yea, saith the Spirit, that they vived by his son, Mr. Willard Martin, may rest from their labors and their ; three grandchildren, all of whom are works do follow them.” BOOK REVIEWS

Christian Ethics and Moral Philos- The reader who takes up this recommenda- tion will set out upon genetic inquiry which ophy by George F. Thomas, New York, a will take him from Moses to St. Paul with Charles Scribner’s Sons, Pp. xvi 1955, special, though brief, attention to the Hebrew

+ 539 - $ 5 - 50 - prophets, and very careful attention to the teaching of Jesus about the kingdom of God, This very carefully reasoned and compre- about the law of love, and about how the hensive discussion of the principles and prob- love commandment expresses itself in the lems of Christian Ethics is a fresh and life of the disciple. This initial section con- cogent re-statement of creative and influential cludes with a survey of the treatment given tradition in Christian thought. The author in Christian thought to a cardinal problem is the chairman of the Department of Reli- of Christian ethics, namely, the relation be- gion in Princeton University, and he has tween law and liberty. Part Two is devoted made available in these pages the fruits of a to three theological presuppositions under- searching and effective treatment of his sub- lying Christian ethics, presuppositions which ject during many years of teaching. The are derived from the Christian doctrine of result is an instructive and teachable account man. Christian ethics, according to Professor of Christian Ethics which has no companion Thomas, takes for granted that man is a among works on the subject in the English creature, made in the image of God, that man language. This reviewer knows of no discus- is a sinner, and that man has been forgiven, sion of the ethical teaching of Jesus, of the and lives “in Christ” and “in the Spirit.” meaning of Christian love, of the sense in Since the Christian life rests upon this theo- 1 which love is the fulfillment of the law, and logical foundation, it is a life of tension. It of the application of Christian love to com- must both transcend the world and transform plex and vexing contemporary problems it; it is a life of peace and joy, yet also of which is at once so clear and succinct, so struggle and suffering. A third section of aware of the range and intricacy of the the book explores this life of tension with problems and so convinced of what the Chris- reference to certain crucial problems pertain- tian can and ought to do about them. To ing to Christian Ethics and Society. “Sex say that here is a re-statement of a well- and Marriage,” “Love and Justice,” “Chris- known position is not to say that Professor tianity and Politics,” “Christianity and De- Thomas has offered us a repetition of the mocracy,” “Christianity and the Economic familiar, but rather to underline the point Order,” “Race,” “War and Peace”—are each that he has given us an illuminating contem- considered in turn both with reference to the porary instance of the Augustinian achieve- application of Christian love to these prob- ment. That achievement was the demonstra- lems and to certain crucial issues which arise tion that the faith and could Christian was for the contemporary understanding and dis- be effectively related to a culture which had cussion of these problems. been shaped by that faith and yet was alien Part Four returns to the central polarity of to it. As applied to Christian Ethics, this the argument. Christian love, being what it

Augustinian way is certainly one way of is, and given the nature of man and the in- dealing with its significance and problems. tricate problems of life in society, how is And Professor Thomas’ Augustinianism is the Christian to make both a “Christian” certainly one very live option in the con- and a “Discriminating” decision amidst the temporary discussion of what Christian Ethics tension in which he must live? Professor are about. Happily these pages are not con- Thomas seeks to show that the Christian fined to the technical reader but can be and does so with the help of the insights of ought to be seriously considered by all who Moral Philosophy, and that in doing so, the are seeking an answer to the question, what, Christian may constructively criticize and as Christians, they can and ought to do in consummate the enterprise of Moral Philos- the world today. ophy itself. Major attention is given to the THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN S3

way in which Christian love employs and set aside on occasion” (137). This flexi- transforms what the Moral Philosophers have bility is required by the nature of love itself thought about happiness, duty, values, virtue which exalts the individual human person and character. Although “insights derived and his needs above all other considerations from moral philosophers must be revised of life in this world because so God’s love

and if necessary transformed in order to is embodied in Jesus’ life and death and make them consistent with Christian faith expressed in his teachings. This flexibility and love” (391), Professor Thomas is under is also adequate to the actual complexity of no misapprehension about either the com- moral situations which is due to the necessity plexity or the ultimate indeterminacy of this “to consider all the needs and all the persons undertaking. “The Christian ideal of char- in each situation” (136). Although the in- acter” is at once “active and creative” and dividual person is the primary “end” of “includes opposite qualities in balance and Christian love, being a “person” is itself a tension,” such as “kindness and sternness,” social product, and in this way, the law of “earnestness and serenity,” “gentleness and love involves the Christian in responsibilities courage,” and above all, the insistance upon in and for society. These responsibilities are “an absolute perfection” and upon “a process chiefly exercised in and through the concern

of development toward perfection.” It is this for justice. “Social justice is . . . that mani- last tension which points to the ultimate in- festation of love which aims directly at the determinacy of the Christian life. Professor good of a group of persons but only indirectly Thomas concludes with a clarifying interpre- at the good of each person of the group” tation of a phrase made familiar by the work (254)- of Reinhold Niebuhr, namely, that Christian The distinction between the absolute valid- love is an “impossible-possibility.” This ity of the law of love and the general validity phrase is rightly understood only when related of other laws is perhaps the crucial distinc- both to the “moral capacity of man” and to tion in Professor Thomas’ exposition. This the “grace of God.” As regards the moral distinction enables him to relate the law of capacity of man, we must admit that the love to the other laws of the Bible, especially Christian life is impossible of achievement. the Decalogue, which has a paradigmatic As regards the grace of God, Christian place in Christian ethics. The distinction Ethics must affirm, as Jesus Himself did, enables him also to relate the laws of the “with God all things are possible.” Although Bible to other fundamental moral laws such Professor Thomas prefers to regard these as the categorical nature of duty or the sanc- affirmations as a “tension” rather than as a tity of property, or the cultivation of virtue. “paradox,” he is quite clear that their But the most important implication of the validity and truth “must be tested and con- distinction between absolute and general firmed by each for himself through a personal validity is that it enables Professor Thomas decision of faith” (521). to relate the law of love to the complexity The Christian ethic, according to Pro- and diversity of moral decision and to the fessor Thomas, is an ethic of love not law, enterprise of Moral Philosophy. “In saying of liberty not uniformity, of principles not that a particular law is not universally but rules. The force of these distinctions is not only generally valid, we are saying that it is to exclude laws and rules and uniformity of valid when considered by itself but that under conduct from the Christian life but to under- certain conditions a different kind of act line the secondary, and under certain con- than it demands is required by a higher law” ditions even suspendable position of these ( : 37) - Thus both the abstract uniformity of considerations. “The law of love alone is ethical formalism and the enervating plural- absolute . . . Moral law has an important ism of ethical relativism are avoided. but subordinate place in the Christian life; As regards the application of the law of love and its value lies in the fact that it counsels to the complexity and diversity of moral de- us with respect to what love demands of us cisions, Professor Thomas can say about ... The Christian must distinguish between divorce, for example, that “Jesus’ condemna- the law of love, which alone is absolutely tion of divorce defines the norm for Chris- and universally valid, and other moral laws, tians, but that there may be cases in which which are generally valid but may have to be divorce should be permitted them in order 54 THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN to avoid greater evil” (238). Applied to Obviously, we have noted only some of property, Christian love recognizes that the applications of Christian love to the “private property is essential to self-deter- Judgments of Moral Philosophers and to life mination and self-fulfillment” (312) but also in society. Professor Thomas’ way of doing that private property is not an “unconditional so will, it is hoped, be apparent, and the right.” The Christian, therefore, will strive range of his analysis evident. And Professor for “a wider distribution of property” which Thomas himself always makes it plain that will extend the already accepted social goals the primary relation of Christian love to the of “equality of opportunity” and “equality renewal of imagination and will is effected of circumstances” by the addition of “the by the grace of God, not by reflective anal- more humane ideal of equality of considera- ysis, and that neither Christian Ethics nor tion” (316-17). “This is the principle that Moral Philosophy can impose the decision everyone should be genuinely taken into ac- of faith upon a person who seeks to know count in the distribution of social benefits and to do what is right and good. and should be helped by the state to develop Two basic questions may be raised about his capacities and fulfill his needs as far as this arresting and impressive discussion. The possible.” first has to do with the structure of the book. As regards the relation of Christian love The point at issue is not whether Professor to the enterprise of Moral Philosophy, Pro- Thomas should have arranged his materials fessor Thomas revises the traditional hos- in a different way. No two discussions of tility between a Christian ethic based upon Christian Ethics will pursue an identical the authority of revelation and a Moral arrangement, and it is neither necessary nor Philosophy based upon the autonomy of interesting that they should. But given the reason. If revelation is understood as “a arrangement here presented, one misses what 1 revelation of God and his redemptive activity, might be called an intrinsic integration of not of dogmas about God of new life in love, the argument. The lack is doubtless to be ; not rules of conduct” (374), the responsibility attributed to the pedagogical aim and use out for interpreting the meaning of revelation of which the volume grew. But it may be rests upon the individual Christian as a mem- wondered whether even college undergrad- ber of the Christian community. This respon- uates will find the genetic point of departure sibility not only permits but demands the use as axiomatic today as they might have a of reason. On the other hand, when the generation or two ago. Of course, “the “autonomy” of reason is understood as mean- Christian ethic and the religious beliefs upon ing “only that reason should not passively which it depends can be understood only submit to an external authority, but should against the background of the Old Testa- derive its ethical principles from reflection ment” (3), but there is no intrinsic mandate upon moral experience” (37s), the way is here for starting at this point. Indeed, a open for reason to take account of “every cultural situation which has been shaped as kind of moral experience, including that of much, if not more, by the heights and depths religious men, in formulating its ethical of human experience, than by its plane sur- principles” (375). It is this conception of the faces, knows much more immediately and inter-relation between the insights of faith intimately that “the end is the beginning” and the judgments of reason that enables the than that “the place to begin is at the be- Christian moralist always to be open to the ginning.” For all the author’s appeal to possibility that the “goods” or “values” or imagination and will, to faith and decision, “virtues” discerned by the Moral Philosopher for all his recognition of the diversity and may be, in St. Augustine’s phrase, “forms complexity of the moral situation, everything of love,” that is Christian love. Thus, Chris- somehow falls neatly and horizontally into tian Ethics, while rejecting hedonism does place. The vertical dimension of human ex- not reject happiness as a good; while unable perience is certainly not ignored but its dy- to accept either the “objective” (Hartmann) namism and unpredictability do not forma- or the “subjective” theory of value (R. B. tively affect the persuasive symmetry of the Perry), does not repudiate the ethical im- argument. The reduction of paradox to “bal- portance of values themselves. ance and tension” makes for clarity of ex- THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN 55

position but scarcely adheres to the actualities thor rightly sees that the synthetic enterprise either of biblical religion or of moral experi- of St. Thomas is too extensive and too neatly ence. structured. But what about the subtler and If, as Professor Thomas rightly concludes, less schematic synthesis of St. Augustine? the “practicality Christian the pas- i of the ethic” must Professor Thomas quotes well-known be tested “through a personal decision of sage from the Morals of the Catholic Church faith” must an analysis of what this ethic in which Augustine declares that the cardinal involves, not take the reader into the crucial virtues of Greek ethics are “forms of love,”

involvement at once? Does this not also be- that is, Christian love. But has the Bishop of long to the Augustinian credo ut intelligam? Hippo really effected a synthesis between This does not mean that one begins a dis- Christian and Greek ethical analysis? One cussion of Christian ethics with a celebra- wonders whether Plato or Aristotle would

tion of the sacrament of Baptism. But it does have thought that they actually meant by mean that one raises the question of faith, “temperance” or “fortitude,” what Augus- however implicitly, at the outset, so that the tine attributes to them. And even if one goes analytical validity and vitality of the knowl- as far as possible with Professor Thomas edge of God may govern the exposition. Then, and admits that Christian ethics must not only one may begin with the Old Testament. But “revise” but also “transform” the insights of one does so for reasons of the faith intrinsic Moral Philosophy, is not Augustine’s trans- to the proper grasp of what Christian Ethics formation so complete as to mark only the involves, not for reasons of “background.” merest and most formal connection between

Then, the problem of law and liberty emerges Christian love and the Greek virtues ? not merely as “one of the perennial problems Professor Thomas’ own application of the of Christian ethics” (105) but one which in- synthetic method is nicely instanced by his trinsically emerges from the radical nature discussion of hedonism. Professor Thomas re- of Christian love as God’s way of dealing jects hedonism in certain of its forms, and with men in the world. Then, too, “the theo- concludes with a discussion of “Christian logical beliefs which are essential for an un- blessedness.” This “blessedness” expresses the derstanding of Christian ethics” (xiv) would paradox “that the highest self-fulfillment scarcely be offered as though selected at ran- comes only through self-renunciation and dom, and might even be other than anthropo- self-sacrifice” (416). It is not “a product of logical. At all events, the whole case for natural existence” or of “human activity.” It Christian ethics would not rest upon the is a “gift of God.” This blessedness does not Christian doctrine of man. Actually in Pro- deprive the Christian of the pursuit of happi- fessor Thomas’ discussion, this does not hap- ness, though it is inconsistent with “the hedo- pen. But Part Two of the book does not in- nistic view of happiness as pleasure” and with trinsically prepare the reader for the author’s “the humanistic view that happiness through own breaking of the theological rules which exercise of one’s natural capacities is the he has announced. And then also, the im- primary aim of life” (420). This blessedness plementation of Christian love in life in this however is “compatible with full enjoyment world would intrinsically govern the “prob- of pleasures which comes to the religious man lems” treated. One has the impression from in the course of his life” and “points to a

this book that contemporary society has deeper and purer joy . . . because its source turned up the “exhibits” which draw the is in God.” (420) With all this one may author’s attention. But why marriage, eco- agree. But what is “synthetic” about it? If nomics, politics, and race, rather than medi- this view of blessedness is a “gift of God,” cine, advertising or clericalism? There are the Moral Philosopher in the pursuit of his

reasons, intrinsic ones. But surely not, for craft presumably cannot arrive at it. And if instance, “a growing acceptance of pre-mari- this blessedness, so given, is compatible with tal intercourse and a higher divorce rate” certain kinds of happiness, why is this con- since the First World War. (221) clusion not open to the believing reason in The other basic question raised by Pro- consequence of the insights of faith without fessor Thomas’ discussion has to do with the the admixture in principle of the method and synthetic method which he espouses. The au- conclusions of the Moral Philosopher? Pro- :

56 THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN fessor Thomas is surely right in striving to Insofar as the execution of his theme is deliver the ethical judgments of the Christian concerned,— Dr. Jurji begins where the reader from the quixotic and “moment-to-moment” is “The United States and the Middle illuminations of the Spirit. But the link be- East.” In this first chapter, he speaks of that tween faith and reason surely comes through which has drawn America and Americans to faith’s own preparation of the understanding the region—something of our failures there rather than through some synthetic bond be- and then a section dealing with the avenues tween them. Credo ut intelligam. of solidarity between America and the Middle East. Paul L. Lehmann The last paragraph of the first chapter Harvard Divinity School states the matter in this mood Cambridge, Mass. “It may not be too much to expect that through the orderly disposition of religious The Middle East: Its Religion and forces in the Middle East, the working Culture, by Edward J. Jurji. The West- peace we long for will at last emerge as a minster Press, Philadelphia, Pa., 1956. reality in our time. Precisely that is the fresh approach which this book suggests Pp. 159. $3.00. in presenting the religious and cultural During my college days, I served as a configuration of the region.” member of the gymnastics team. Our coach Chapter 2 is general in nature and con- taught us three fundamentals of good per- cerns a look inside the Middle East. Chapter formance on these, in all meets, we were to ; concerns Islam, about which the author is be scored: approach, execution, dismount. 3 an acknowledged authority. Possibly because Perhaps the analogy can be drawn with a of this personal background, the author seeks reasonable degree of effectiveness insofar as to be far more objective in his approach than the present review is concerned. In all three do most men representing the same point of points Dr. Jurji scores high, very high. His view. In this it seems to me he executes right- approach to the problem, and it is a problem eousness and judgment. which none can deny, is sane, sensible and The Judaeo-Christian treatment of the mat- scholarly without redundancy. That so tre- ter covers, in all, four chapters. There is mendous a problem can be discussed within much history and in all, good reading. His the scope of such a small book (159 pages in- projection, in Chapter of the four Christian cluding additional suggested readings) is all 5, Traditions which confront us in the Middle to the credit of the author. Born in the area East is excellent. throws light the about which he writes, his approach lacks the He on of the Christian community as it prejudice which one might expect in so con- complexity troversial a problem. He acknowledges in exists, and from its beginning. An orderly the very beginning of the “foreword” that mind produces orderly thinking. “The Middle East has captured the head- But what of the third point, the dismount, lines and held world attention.” This is likely that is, the ability to move away from the to be true for a long time to come. The con- problem with the same finesse with which one troversy between the Arab and the Jew is began. In offering his conclusions, the cogency not a new thing (read Genesis 16:7-12). In of the matter still stands. Dr. Jurji’s basic due time the Islamic peoples became part of assumption is that the issues in the Middle the problem. Whatever peace and quiet may East are religious—hence the peace we long have existed in more recent times, the whole for will emerge from an orderly disposition matter broke out anew with the establish- of religious forces. To be sure, not everyone ment of the State of Israel in 1948. Dr. Jurji will agree with Dr. Jurji’s conclusions. One states this problem on page 27 of his book. asks, is some implementation necessary? If I The author has an extraordinary way of were a scholar, I might find some areas in saying much in a few words. His faculty of the book with which I could take issue. Not expression, portraying a keen mind, is un- being a scholar, I am glad the book is written paralleled. so that the non-scholar as well as the scholar THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN 57 lean read the book with great profit and un- as the first case of literary borrowing, also derstanding. The book is timely. have important material for comparison with Genesis. Due consideration is given to the Clifford G. Pollock Sumerian law codes, among which the old- First Presbyterian Church est is that of Ur-Nammu, who founded the Morrisville, Pennsylvania Third Dynasty of Ur about b.c. accord- 2050 ; ingly this precedes the famous code of Ham- murabi three hundred years. The chap- From the Tablets of Sumer—Twen- some ter on suffering and submission is called “The ty-five Firsts in Man’s Recorded His- First ‘Job.’” The writer, however, correctly tory, by Samuel Noah Kramer. The maintains that the Sumerians could not have Falcon’s Wing Press, Indian Hills, influenced the Hebrews directly, since they had ceased to exist long before the Chosen Colorado, 1956. Pp. xxv -f- 293. $5.00. People had come into existence. On the other This is a very interesting book and is im- hand, he observes that they deeply influenced portant for studying the origins of civilization the Canaanites, the Babylonians, the Assyrians, and literature as well as for making compari- the Hittites, the Hurrians, and the Aramae- sons between the Sumerian records and the ans, and in the end Sumerian literature thus Pentateuch. The author, who is professor left its impress upon the Hebrews. of Assyriology and curator of the tablet col- The illustrations in the book are good. Of lections at the University of Pennsylvania, special interest for the history of writing is a has been active in Sumerological research for page depicting the origin and development the past twenty-six years, and in this work of eighteen representative signs of cuneiform presents in twenty-five chapters Sumerian writing from about 3000 b.c. to about 600 b.c. contributions which in rather striking fashion Sumerian studies represent a rather limited he calls “firsts.” field in academic circles, but they are funda- Among the sections of special interest to mental for understanding Mesopotamian civ- the Biblical student is the chapter on “Man’s ilization, and Dr. Kramer has succeeded in First Cosmogony and Cosmology.” According portraying the importance of the Sumerian to the evidence available Dr. Kramer has records in the development of culture. This deduced the Sumerian concept of creation. book is written in non-technical language There was a primeval sea that engendered and can easily be read by the layman. The the cosmic mountain, which consisted of a author has shown that his specialized knowl- union of heaven and earth. Some of the gods antiquity can simplified without existed before the separation of heaven and edge of be sacrificing accuracy and be made available for I earth, and they are depicted in anthropo- morphic fashion. An (heaven) and Ki (earth) the student of the Bible. Enlil begat (air). It was Enlil who separated Henry S. Gehman heaven from earth, and the union of this god with Ki, his mother, set the stage for the The Jews from Cyrus to Herod, by creation of man, animals, and plants and for Norman H. Snaith. Abingdon Press, the establishment of civilization. Chapter 17 bears the title “The First Biblical Parallels.” Nashville, Tenn. n.d. Pp. 208. Here a good comparison is drawn between This book, originally published in Great Dilmun and the Biblical paradise, and in this Britain, has been taken over the connection the author also points out a rela- by Abing- Press in order facilitate its tionship between Eve (Gen. 2:21-23; 3:20) don to well de- and Sumerian Nin-ti, which may mean “the served distribution in this country. As a text- lady of the rib” and also “the lady who makes book on the history, theology and practices live.” What is extant of the Sumerian flood of the Jews from Cyrus to Herod, it is ex- story, in which Noah is called Ziusudra, is tremely useful and highly reliable. In it the brief, but it has unmistakable parallels to author attempts “to streamline everything, the narrative of the deluge in Genesis. The to provide the minimum of exact and detailed tales of Gilgamesh, which Kramer considers knowledge which will make the trend of 58 THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN

events and the development of ideas plain especially taking issue with Gressmann and and intelligible.” Klausner, who held that the messianic idea Part I, chapters 1-7, deals with the histori- was an integral part of Israel’s religion. At cal background of the period in a clear, con- the same time, the Norwegian scholar at- cise way. A fuller treatment of the period of tempts to show how the messianic idea de- the Hasmonaean rulers might have been ex- veloped in Israel under the pressure of out- pected in a work like this which treats main- ward circumstances and in conjunction with ly of Intertestamental times. eschatology. When the Jews had come to In Part II, which is more than twice as the realization that the return to Jerusalem

long as the historical section, Prof. Snaith was far from bringing with it the ancient traces the development of the main religious glories, their hopes turned towards the future. ideas among the Jews from the time of the With his basic axiom that prior to the exile to the fall of Jerusalem in a.d. 70. He exile Israel had no eschatology, Dr. Mo- discusses the Jewish hope of restoration, winckel is forced to consider all the eschato- Messianism, life after death and the sepa- logical references in the pre-exilic books of ratistic tendency of Judaism in this period. the Old Testament as later interpolations. In The development of the Law, Wisdom and the post-exilic idea of the Messiah he finds

the Logos concept is also described. Interest- a duality, viz. the national Messiah, patterned ing chapters on the Temple and synagogue, after the earlier king ideology, on the one and the three main sects of Judaism during hand, and the idea of the Son of Man, on this period bring this section to a close. the other. With Bousset and others he dif- As a handbook on the history and theology ferentiates between a national and a transcen- of the Jews from Cyrus to Herod the Great, dental eschatology. Following Reitzenstein this volume can be heartily recommended. It and others, he sees the root of the idea of the

is attractively bound, and of convenient size. Son of Man in the common oriental myth of

Its value is further enhanced by lists of kings Primeval Man. who ruled during these years, and by a map The first half of the book offers the author of world empires in the ancient east. an opportunity to develop in great detail his well-known concept of Israel’s “royal ideol- Charles T. Fritsch ogy.” This is a masterpiece of historical interpretation, in which he demonstrates how He That Cometh, by S. Mowinckel. the oriental idea that the king represented Eng. tr., Abingdon Press, New York- the deity, was prevalent in Israel, too, but also how the Israelites gave it their specific Nashville, 1957. Pp. xvi -f- 528. $6.50. slant. The transfer of divine predicates upon This monumental study of the messianic the king and the interpretation of the kingly idea in Israel crowns the life work of the rule as a manifestation of divine dominion are famous Norwegian Old Testament scholar. of extreme importance not only for the understanding of the Old Testament but also of While, as the title indicates, the author had the messianic and ecclesiastical ideologies of constantly the Christian idea of the Messiah the New Testament. Part II of the book, dis- in mind, he, nevertheless, confines his own cussing the Messiah in later Judaism, shows investigations to the Old Testament and post- less originality in the basic conceptions, but exilic Judaism. Dr. Mowinckel had obvious- provides a rich mine of source material. Par- ly two objectives in mind when writing this ticularly interesting is the reference to Isa. massive volume. He wanted to show that in 53 in the Targums, where the suffering of the messianic interpretation of the Old Testa- the Servant has been changed into its oppo- ment as practiced in the New Testament and site a new indication of how alien the idea ; the Christian later ideas by church, had been of a suffering Messiah was to the Jews. One read into the par- Old Testament. He insists is surprised, however, to discover that Dr. ticularly on the fact that the pre-exilic ma- Mowinckel, who in Part I had shown such terial used for such an interpretation, was exegetical mastery, feels unable to cope with actually presenting the king ideology of an- the problem of eschatology. To him it is hard- cient Israel. In developing this idea he is ly more than the temporal future, whereas THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN 59 both in the Old Testament and later Judaism to men. His earthly life has no significance the eschatological future is understood as except for his being the carrier of the Spirit. God’s own time. Such a view is already found The interpretation of the Gospel is ren- in Israel’s belief in the promises of God, and dered difficult by the fact that it contains a thus, even when the references to the ‘Day number of statements, which, as the author of Yahve’ were eliminated from the text of admits, seem to contradict such an exegesis. the pre-exilic books of the Old Testament, However, Dr. Titus holds that they occur their outlook would remain eschatological. within the stories as “lower” elements only, This fact, in turn, makes one wonder, whether used to characterize weak belief and unbe- the king ideology of Israel, too, did not imply lief, over which the spiritual view finally an eschatological-futuristic element. triumphs. They have no independent function and do not express the evangelist’s views. Otto A. Piper Anybody writing on the Fourth Gospel in a critical way needs a lot of space in our days. The Message of the Fourth Gospel, It is therefore unfortunate that in this book, by Eric L. Titus. Abingdon Press, New destined for popular use, Dr. Titus had to York and Nashville, 1957. Pp. 253. proceed in a rather sketchy way. Except for a more detailed treatment of the evangelist’s $3 - 50 - literary method, his Introduction contains on- Dr. Titus, who teaches New Testament ly two brief chapters on the Logos and the Literature in the Southern California School Spirit. He is not able to present the evidence of Theology at Los Angeles, follows the lines on which his bold constructions rest. The of his teacher Colwell in this new interpreta- Commentary itself can hardly do more than tion of the Fourth Gospel. However, in his point out what in the interpreter’s mind is the method he is also greatly indebted to the argument of each periscope. While this meth- Form Critics. He sees in the Fourth Gospel od has the advantage of concentrating on the a work of the early second century—conveni- essentials, it suffers from the fact that the ently ignoring the witness of P 32—written by exegete keeps his tongue in cheek. Obvi- a Christian, who was familiar with the Synop- ously he is not willing to identify himself tic Gospels and a Paulinist. However he was with any of the evangelist’s views. This is not interested in the historical facts of the certainly evidence of great objectivity and Gospel story. Rather he used the material in detachment. But who in the world is to be a very sovereign way as a means by which benefited by such a treatment? to describe his and his contemporaries’ re- Otto A. Piper ligious experience. In it the exalted Christ, or the Spirit, occupied the center. The idea Complete Writings that the Fourth Gospel is assigning a central The of Menno role to the Logos, is energetically rejected. Simons c. 1496-1561. Translated from With this emphasis placed upon the Spirit, the Dutch by Leonard Verduin and John’s work is anti-sacramental in character. edited by John Christian Wenger, with In chapter 17, the prayer is merely a literary form used for a change in style in order to a biography by Harold S. Bender. Her- introduce “the author’s protest against the ald Press, Scottdale, Pa., 1956. Pp. xi deadening influence of an overemphasis on + 1092. $8.75. ritualistic practices in the church” (p. 206). The Lazarus story is to teach that “men of To many persons, who know the Men- genuine faith in the ultimate preservation of nonites only from sight, it will come as a spiritual values, in the underlying goodness surprise that the former Dutch Priest, after of God, display a kind of detachment from whom this branch of the Anabaptists is the disrupting aspects of human experience” named, should have left quite an extensive (p. 160). literature. Menno’s writings have become Thus the Jesus of the Gospel is the Life- scarce, the 1871 English and the 1876 Ger- giver, a heavenly emanation who brings the man editions of his works have been out of revelation of the spiritual character of God print for a long while. —

6o THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN

The new edition comprises all the printed faith and that, fettered by the system of estab- writings of this first bishop of the peace-lov- lished churches, they showed too little con- ing Northern Anabaptists that are still ex- cern for the lack of truly Christian living tant, plus a few of his letters, some of which among many of their followers. Moreover, were pastoral and others polemical. The there is the problem of baptismal regeneration English translation has well succeeded in that is the open sore in the Reformed and rendering the peculiarities of Menno’s style. Lutheran churches of today, yet which most The reader feels both the tone of warm en- theologians prefer to ignore in a cavalier treating and of stern threats, as also his way. overflowing indignation at the various types Finally, in view of what is happening to of unbelief against which he felt obliged to so many Protestants under Communist yoke warn his followers. Prof. Harold S. Bender or in Colombia, we should also ask ourselves, has contributed a brief—rather too brief whether their persecutions are only the re- biography, which offers hardly more than the sult of wickedness in high places, or also of few bare facts of a life that began in obscurity their willingness to live a life under the and from 1536 on was spent in hiding from Cross, whereas we are content with leaving persecutions most of the time. the Cross to our Lord. As one would expect in this kind of work, Otto A. Piper there is a good deal of overlapping. In many variations his principal themes are treated, An Adventure in Love: Christian above all the sinfulness of the unregenerate man including the members of the churches, Family Living, by William Taliaferro the work of Christ, faith, withdrawal from Thompson. John Knox Press, Rich- the world, the believer’s suffering and church mond, Virginia, 1956. Pp. 155. $2.50. discipline. Menno was firmly convinced that excommunication was not only a New Testa- Christian family living may really be an ment practice but also a practical necessity adventure in love if the timely and practical among these small groups of “true believers.” counsel of this good book is heeded. For three He went so far as to insist that the excom- and a half decades the author has been a municated person had to be “shunned” by all diligent student of human behavior and a believers, even in the case of husband and teacher of courses in Christian family living. wife or parents and children, i.e. that there From questionnaires returned by his stu- should be not only no ecclesiastical fellowship dents, from wide reading, as a director at a but also no social intercourse. Menno held summer boys camp, as a father of six chil- an interesting view of the Incarnation, viz. dren, and from graduate research in educa- a kind of monophysitism. The body of Christ tion, Dr. Thompson has gleaned firsthand was formed in Mary’s body but not of it. knowledge of human behavior. Combining Christ’s was a “spiritual flesh,” and the same this knowledge with a Christian theologian’s transformation took place in the regenerate. understanding, a pastor’s heart, and a genu- This new publication—like other Anabap- ine good humor, he has written a volume tist writings which only recently have come which is bound to receive a wide and ap- to light—raises a number of important is- preciative reading wherever parents, teachers, sues. The time has come, when we have to or pastors are concerned about present-day revise our view of the Reformation. It is by family life. now obvious that in addition to Luther, Dr. “Tolley” as his students affectionately Zwingli and Calvin, Anabaptists such as Gre- refer to him, compares family life yesterday bel, Marbeck, Denck and Menno Simons, too, and today. He devotes one of two long chap- formed an integral part of the whole move- ters to marriage, and another to adolescence. ment. It is equally obvious that the great He also discusses family living during pre- Reformers were so biased by the violent school years, during school years, and in his elements in the Anabaptist movement, espe- last chapter applies effective principles of cially Karlstadt and the Miinsterites, that social psychology to family life. But whatever they failed to give sufficient thought to the the aspect of family relationships which problem of the non-worldly nature of the comes within the scope of his study, one THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN 61 single point of view is maintained throughout, Pere de Vaux in his Preface declares, has namely that in the creation of a good home documentary interest as well as “evocative the emphasis must be not on techniques but power.” The reader, in effect, is transported an wholeness. For wholesome growth, both into the very locale of the Bible narrative. af parents and children involves what Dr. The master-plan of this Atlas is as finely

Thompson calls “interpersonal relationships,” conceived as it is comprehensive. The Intro- and the value of these relations will be the duction presents the geographical setting of outcome largely of Christian character. It is the Bible as a whole and the technique of here that Dr. Thompson makes his most Biblical geography with a review of excava- distinctive contribution. He shows by many tions in Palestine and a practical definition of living examples drawn from a wide range Biblical history. Taking his clue from the af human experiences what a direct bearing habit of the Hebrew prophets to regard the !the Christian gospel of love has on the mak- covenant people as a person, the author has ing of real character in the home. Thus re- given a biographical cast to his treatment by garded family living may really become an presenting his materials in six historical adventure in Christian love. phases of Bible history: Birth and Infancy; It is to be hoped that Dr. Thompson will Youth; Independence; Backsliding and Pun- follow up this study by still further contribu- ishment Reflection and Hope Death and tions out of his wealth of learning and ex- ; ; Resurrection. Each phase in turn is treated perience. in three to five chapters and each chapter of Howard Tillman Kuist text is accompanied by its appropriate maps and photographs. Thus natural sequence, Atlas of the Bible, by L. H. Grol- vividness of impression, and realistic descrip- ilenberg, O.P., translated and edited by tions are combined to treat the Bible as a living book. Joyce M. H. Reid, and H. H. Rowley. Each of the thirty-seven maps (including Thomas Nelson and Sons, New York. the two end papers) is drawn to conform to 1956. Pp. 166. $15.00. a given period, so that no map is cluttered with irrelevant place names. This gives am- Published first in Holland, then in France, ple space for over-printed inscriptions of sig- this new Bible Atlas is now made available nificant events at given places. Eight shades to English readers. Pere R. de Vaux, Direc- of color are used to indicate elevation, line- :or of the French School of Biblical and colors to describe boundaries, symbols to sug- Archaeological Studies in Jerusalem has writ- gest the difference between certain, or proba- ten the Preface, while W. F. Albright of ble, or possible identification of site, while Johns Hopkins University, and H. H. Row- a numbers are used to refer to corresponding ,ey of the University of Manchester have photographs connected with particular sites. ;ontributed a Foreword. The twenty-six page Index of places Maps in graded color, and photographs in and persons, gives ready access to specific items ilack and white are conjoined by a bril- of interest as well as to cross-references to liantly conceived and written text to make other passages of scripture. It also provides :his work a veritable journey through the further descriptions of places not made pos- Bible. sible in the text. Every town or village, moun- What will doubtless impress readers most tain or valley, river, lake or sea mentioned is not merely the profusion and uniform ex- in the Bible is included in this comprehensive :ellence of the photographs (408 of them!), Index. Dut their selection and arrangement. Each pic- Space forbids reference to still other fea- :ure whether an aerial perspective or local tures. While the price of this Atlas de- landscape; whether a monument or a piece may ter its distribution, Bible readers who do }f sculpture; whether a bas-relief or street invest in it will find in their hands an in- scene, has an instructive relation to that part strument of unusually rewarding interpreta- pf the Bible which is illuminated by the tive illumination and power. liccompanying map, or which is being dis- missed in the text. Thus the photography, as Howard Tillman Kuist 62 THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN

A New Testament Commentary: reputation will not be enhanced by his per Vol. Ill, The Later Epistles [and] The formance in this volume. Apocalypse, by Ronald Knox. New Bruce M. Metzgei ;

York: Sheed and Ward, 1956. Pp. 243. Lives and Legends of the Georgian

- $3 5 °- Saints, by David Marshall Lang, Nev 1

Monsignor Knox, the versatile author York: Macmillan Co. Pp. 180. $3.25 whose range of literary activity extends from 1956. detective stories to an English rendering of The Orthodox Church of Georgia (in th the Latin Vulgate Bible, has finished another Caucasus) is one of the oldest nationa genre of writing—a Biblical commentary. The Churches in the world. It has had a dis first volume, dealing with the Gospels, was tinguished record of devotional and philo published in 1952; the second, on Acts and sophical achievement, and of steadfastness i: the Pauline Epistles, appeared in 1954; this the face of persecution at the hands of th 1 third volume completes the set. Unlike some overlords of Mazdeist Iran, the Mongols, an other commentaries, this one is furnished with Bolshevik Russia. Unfortunately all too littl a minimum of technical apparatus of detailed of this history is known in the West, even b; citation of authors and books which present scholars. It is therefore highly gratifyin; divergent points of view. At the same time that in the present book one will have avail 1 one finds ample evidence that Knox has given able certain source materials relating to th consideration to most of the linguistic, his- early Georgian Church. torical, and critical problems involved in the These biographies of the Georgian saint; Biblical text. The author’s ultimate judgment with one exception (that of St. Nino), hav on all of these, as one would expect, is in not hitherto been available in English. Th with the of the harmony pronouncements Pa- 1 translator, who also provides short histories pal Biblical Commission. introductions, resided in Tiflis, the capital d With fertile imagination nimble pen, and a Georgia, for a number of years, and is non Knox crowds much that is stimulating and Lecturer in Georgian at the School of Ori into provocative a small space. At the same ental and African Studies, the University c' time, he often stays merely on the surface of London. He brings to his task a thorough! the text, and, with all his juggling of di- competent scientific training (as his previou 1 vergent possibilities, indulges in what another publications on technical questions of Georgr reviewer of an earlier volume of Knox’s an antiquities prove), as well as a genuin commentary called “exegesis by supposition.” love for the people and their ecclesiastic; 1 In particular one is disappointed with Knox’s traditions. treatment of the Book of Revelation. He de- Unlike some of the hagiographical writing clares that he intends to “deal only with the of other Eastern Churches (notably the Cop not centos of monk difficulties which the ordinary reader might tic), these lives are mere ish superstitions and inconsequential fable find in understanding what the Apocalypse They contain vivid descriptions of life in th 1 says" but that no attempt will be made to Caucasus, in Byzantium, and in Palestin> answer questions of “what it means” (p. and open to us insights into the aspiratior 193). Granted the difficulties which the last and spirituality of an important branch < book of the New Testament presents, to set the Eastern Church. Lang points out th; such a program for one’s work is to aim at “the Georgian Church has many points ( something which is hardly worth the effort. affinity with that of our own country. ]j And even on this level, Knox is un- most cleaves to the doctrine formulated at Nicae| satisfactory, more than once leaving the read- and Chalcedon. The liturgy is celebrated ii er more mystified than he was before read- the national tongue. Its spiritual and devc ing the comments. Fortunately not all of this tional ideals differ little from our own. Eve' volume falls to the nadir reached in the com- under the present Communist regime, Georgil ments on Revelation, but the balance of retains its own Catholicos-Patriarch as spin judgment must be that, on the whole, Knox’s itual head, and enjoys autocephaly or ind< THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN 63 ipendent status within the Orthodox com- of non-Human Nature, but is the deliverer •joiunion” (p. 12). (It will be remembered of these and all His creatures from the evil jthat for a time Stalin, as a lad, studied for of self-centeredness to which every creature the priesthood in the Georgian Church.) is prone” (p. 78).

!l There is not space here to recount any of In the second, and more important, part of the details of “St. Nino and the Conversion the book Dr. Toynbee considers what he calls pf Georgia,” “The Passions of St. Susanna “Religion in the Westernized World”; and and of the Nine Infants of Kola,” “A Mar- the thesis which he expounds may be sum- tyred Princess : the Passion of St. Shushan- marized thus. The most prominent single |ik,” “The Martyrdom of Abo, the Perfumer feature of human history during the past from Baghdad,” and other equally esoteric four centuries or so has been the spread of [accounts. modern Western civilization over the face

I It may be pointed out that Lang is non- of the planet. This spread has been greatly committal about Harnack’s idea that one of hastened by reason of the fact that in the these lives (that of St. Eustace) shows evi- course of the seventeenth century Western dence of influence from Tatian’s Diatessaron Christendom, disgusted and alienated by the

I—an idea which to the reviewer has seemed Wars of Religion which followed the out- jto be quite lacking in proof. In another of break of the Protestant Reformation, trans-

Jthe Lives (“The Children of Kola”) there ferred its spiritual treasure from religion to

[is preserved the curious tradition that “our technology : the seventeenth century wit- Lord Jesus Christ was baptized by night by nessed “the enthronement of Experiment in John in the river Jordan” (p. 41). It will place of Authority, and of Technology in occur to some readers that the Old Latin vari- place of Religion” (186). But in the course ant reading in the Matthean account of the of the present century this Western worship Baptism, which refers to “a tremendous light of applied science has brought serious, even jthat its shown around from the water,” may im- desperate problems of own ; for it has ply a baptism at night. posed for mankind, still afflicted by Original It is to be hoped that, with the recent pub- Sin, the possibility of a hydrogen war in j lication in German of P. Michael Tarchnis- which “all men shall be cremated equal.” vili’s History of the Georgian Ecclesiastical The particular problem, therefore, to which Literature (Vatican City, 1955) and now the Dr. Toynbee addresses himself in the book appearance in English of this most attractive is this : How, in a Technological Culture, is edition of selected hagiographical pieces, both man to achieve a wisdom which will act as scholarly and popular interest may be awak- an effective curb on his destructive egoism? ened in a people and a Church that have had The only answer which Dr. Toynbee sees is a long and noble history. this, that there will have to be a revival of Bruce M. Metzger religion, that area in which human nature will still have freedom to express itself. In considering the question of what particular An Historian’s Approach to Reli- kind of religion will best serve this purpose, gion, by Arnold J. Toynbee. Oxford Dr. Toynbee does not advocate any factitious University Press, New York. 1956. syncretism. Rather he favors Christianity and Pp. 318. $5.00. Mahayana Buddhism, two religions which he seems to regard as about of equal spiritual In this book—the Gifford Lectures deliv- potency. But he insists that all religions must :red at Edinburgh University in 1952 and abandon their claims to absoluteness and

[ 953—Dr. Arnold J. Toynbee, the eminent finality, claims which in the past have bred philosopher of history, summarizes his view- Pharisaism and fanaticism, and must cultivate point as an historian with respect to religion. the widest possible tolerance of one another. In the first section of the book he deals with It goes without saying that this book of vhat he calls “The Dawn of the Higher Re- Dr. Toynbee, though less so than his mas- igions,” which he describes as “The worship sive and monumental ten-volume opus, “A )f God who is Love as well as Power, and Study of History”—is enriched with much vho is not a deification either of Human or varied learning. But the New Testament —

64 THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN

Christian, while whole-heartedly agreeing as nas concerned themselves with all three of to the necessity of a religious revival in the the purposes set forth above. present fear-ridden world, will not be able In his opening chapter Dr. Harbison deals to follow Dr. Toynbee’s suggestions all the briefly with four leading thinkers of the an- way. For he cannot abandon his belief in cient and medieval periods—Jerome, Augus- Jesus Christ’s uniqueness and finality, even tine, Abelard and Aquinas. In his second while he prays to be delivered from the dan- chapter he examines the work of four Chris- gers and temptations to which adherents of tian scholars of the Renaissance—Petrarch, such a faith are exposed. And, though he Lorenzo Valla, Pico della Mirandola, and recognizes that the other religions of the John Colet. The three remaining chapters are world have elements of revealed truth in devoted to the exposition and evaluation of them, he will not cease to want to convert the work of Erasmus, Luther and Calvin. their followers to Jesus Christ, the Lord of It need hardly be said that Dr. Harbison’s all good life; for it is his conviction that treatment of his subject is marked by sound there is none other name given under heaven scholarship, penetrating insight, and crisp whereby we must be saved. expression : he is himself a worthy examplar of Christian scholarship. His book not only Norman V. Hope analyzes the literary work of those scholars

with whom it deals, but it makes clear the The Christian Scholar in the Age of fact that their work had important and pro- the Reformation, by E. Harris Harbi- found practical consequences. For example, son. Charles Scribner’s Sons, New the Reformation was prepared for, in part at least, by the scholarly work of Erasmus York, 1956. Pp. 177. $3.00. —particularly his famous edition of the New In this book—the Stone Lectures delivered Testament. And it was begun by Martin Lu- at Princeton Theological Seminary in 1955 ther, who reached his Protestant findings in Dr. E. Harris Harbison, of Princeton Uni- the course of his scholarly work on the in- versity, seeks to define the role of the Chris- terpretation of the Bible. The scholar, Mel- tian scholar, and to furnish illustrations of anchthon, Luther’s colleague and first lieu- how that role has been played by leading tenant, helped to give Protestantism theo- figures in the history of the Christian Church, logical expression. And John Calvin, another especially during the era of the Protestant scholar, gave it not only theological expres- Reformation. sion but practical organization. If any jus- In Dr. Harbison’s view, the Christian schol- tification is needed for the calling of the ar may serve the following purposes. First, Christian scholar it can be found right there. he may seek to restudy the Christian tradi- Norman V. Hope tion, with a view to clarifying its meaning and purifying its contemporary expression. Calvin: Theological Treatises. Vol. Second, he may try to relate the Christian Library of Christian Clas- faith to the surrounding secular culture XXII, The which, of course, down to the time of the sics. Edited by J. K. S. Reid. The Protestant Reformation, meant the classical Westminster Press, Phila., 1954. Pp. culture of Greece and Rome. Third, he may 355. $5.00. endeavor to define the relation of culture to the findings of science. This third objective, Undoubtedly John Calvin’s principal work of course, did not have the importance and was his “Institute of the Christian Religion,” urgency during the Middle Ages, or even which Lord Acton, the eminent Catholic his- during the sixteenth century, which it has torian, once described as “the greatest work subsequently acquired, since modern science of Reformation literature.” But Calvin wrote has made its spectacular advances only since much more than this : indeed it has been then. But in a sense it may be claimed that said, and with much truth, that “like Augus- such great Christian thinkers of the ancient tine, he wrote more than another can well and medieval periods as Augustine and Aqui- read.” It is, therefore, entirely fitting that THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN 65

in- i the Library of Christian Classics should New Missionaries for New Days, clude, besides the “Institute,” a volume of by E. K. Higdon. The Bethany Press, 'selections from Calvin’s Theological Trea- St. Louis, 1956. Pp. 198. tises, translated and edited by Professor J. ,K. S. Reid, the Head of the Department of The author of this book was for some six- Theology in Leeds University in England. teen years Executive Secretary for mis- This volume consists of three parts. The sionary selection and training of the United first section includes treatises which deal Christian Missionary Society of the Dis- mainly with Calvin’s organization of Protes- ciples of Christ. In missionary personnel cir- in be- tantism Geneva, where eventually he cles it is generally conceded that this denomi- came what has been called “the Protestant nation more than any other has compiled the Pope.” Included in this section is his well- most comprehensive background of experi- known work, the Ecclesiastical Ordinances of ence in selection and preparation of mis- 1541, which specified the four orders of min- sionary candidates, and has used most widely istry which Calvin believed that he found in the psychological tests and procedures which the New Testament—pastors, teachers, elders have of late years come into being. and deacons—and which he set in his up The notable feature of this book is its com- Genevan Church. The second section consists prehensive treatment of the various types of of Calvin’s apologetic work on “The Neces- testing procedures for missionary candidates. sity for in Reformation the Church” (1539), The book gives a review of the techniques which detailed the particular Roman Catho- used and the results obtained over a period lic corruptions in Christian doctrine and long enough to establish both the value and practice which made the Protestant Refor- the limitations of contemporary psychological mation necessary. third part The of this book tests as well as psychiatric counsel and other includes selection Calvin’s a from controver- modern methods in screening candidates for sial works, principally his famous “Reply to missionary service (and which might be used Sadolet” that (1539), Roman cardinal who in the choice of candidates for any one of had sought to persuade the Genevans to re- the church vocations). turn to the papal allegiance; and his “Ex- The volume contains a list of psychologists position of the Doctrine of the Lord’s Sup- and psychiatrists in different sections of the per” a reply to Heshusius Vesalius, (1562), country who are recommended as consultants who had ventured to criticize Calvin’s inter- for those engaged in Christian causes. pretation of this sacrament. Those treatises Though the emphasis is on contemporary which make up this volume are marked by testing the book covers the field of qualifica- characteristics which readers of Calvin’s “In- tions and training of those who seek a voca- stitute” have come to associate with him. tion in Christian missions, and discusses how First, he was deeply concerned for sound candidates are found, selected and trained. Christian doctrine, as against both his Ro- This short volume is the best review of its man Catholic and his Lutheran opponents, particular field so far published. and particularly for the proper understanding of the sacrament of the Lord’s Supper. Sec- J. Christy Wilson ondly, he was widely read in the Church Fathers, whom he quotes frequently in sup- Body and Soul, by D. R. G. Owen. port of his theological positions. Thirdly, Westminster Press, Philadelphia, Pa., Calvin had immense ability as a controver- 1956. Pp. 239. $3.75. sialist; he was clear in exposition, unerring in his insight into the weakness of his op- The thesis of this book, so far as Biblical ponent’s position, and vigorous in his rebut- scholars are concerned, is so commonplace tal. as to be almost axiomatic. Yet this is by no It should be added that Professor Reid has means an insignificant book. On the con- done an admirable job of translation and an- trary, it is of first-rate importance and spells notation in this work. out in detail the contemporary implications Norman V. Hope of a basic Biblical conviction. The issue dealt 66 THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN

with refers to the radical difference between Christianity and the Existentialists i the Biblical and the Greek views of human edited by Carl Michalson. Scribner’s' nature. The former stresses the unity of per- New York, 1956. Pp. 205. $3.75. sonality (man as an animated body), while the latter makes a sharp distinction between This symposium of eight articles on exis body and soul (man as an incarnated soul). tentialism makes a substantial and unusua The history of Christian thought shows addition to the growing literature on the sub

that the Greek view tended to usurp the ject. The approach is biographical rathe: uniqueness of the Biblical view and fre- than systematic, and this seems peculiarly quently superimposed it to such became upon apt since existentialism, on the one hand, i;' an extent that body-soul dualism is today so largely bound up with existentialists whc widely regarded as of the essence of the puzzle over the question of existence, and Christian interpretation of man. How this on the other hand, with the rejection or a admixture came about and what its conse- least suspicion of formal, traditional system: quences were for ethics and psychology as and structures of thought. well as for theology are carefully and force- Originally delivered as lectures at Drevi

fully examined. University, these essays have been edited fo: The author, however, has something more publication by Professor Carl Michalsor exploring this is- in mind by and exposing who writes the first chapter on “What I:

sue. He is interested in Christian apologetics, Existentialism?” The question itself is, o particularly the defense of Christianity course, wrongly phrased for the existentialist; against the attacks of modern science. The for he is not interested in the essence or na | treatment of this problem is utterly fasci- ture of a system of philosophy or theology nating and compelling, though it requires a which can be called “existentialism.” Hi: : special vocabulary. Science will have noth- main concern involves himself, the humai| ing to do with body-soul dualism and seems equation and predicament, and the questioi therefore to be set against the Bible. But of the meaning and purpose of existing. what science really attacks, and rightly so, There is something exasperating about thi:

is the “religious” dualism which is Greek for the traditionally trained philosopher oi|

rather than Biblical. As a matter of fact, the theologian, for it means that definition ir, true Biblical view has much in common with the conventional sense is out and that we, modern science, as seen, for example, in must content ourselves with examining how psychosomatic medicine. But if the Biblical existentialists not only think but even morij view can degenerate into “religious” dualism, important how they live, that is, exist. “The science can also be perverted into “scientism.” suspicion is,” writes Michalson, “that some-, Hence the problem is almost hopelessly com- how existentialism is a clandestine wedding, plicated by the relations between the “re- of Nordic melancholy with Parisian pornog, ligious” and the scientific views, the Biblical raphy.” While there is a grain of truth ir and the scientific, the “religious” and the this, existentialism deserves more serious at “scientific,” and the Biblical and the “scien- tention than such a casual indictment woulc tific.” But it is not so complex as it sounds, recognize. and the argument proceeds clearly and per- Accordingly, we are given, in a series o suasively. biographical discussions, chapters on Kierke-. gaard, Unamuno, Berdyaev, Marcel, and Hei-j The author is Associate Professor of Ethics degger. In addition there is a fascinating, and Philosophy at Trinity College, Ontario. treatment of existentialist aspects of moderr His earlier book, Scientism, Man and Re- art and a perceptive commentary on the po-, ligion, was an important contribution to etry of Holderlin and Rilke. Readers will apologetics, and this present study follows in find that some chapters appeal to them more the same direction. It is one of the most than others. For myself, I found most excit-' stimulating books, as well for the questions ing the chapters on Unamuno by John A, it leaves in the mind as for the answers it Mackay, Heidegger by Erich Dinkier, exis-' gives, that has come our way in a long time. tentialists and art by Tillich, and Holderlir Hugh T. Kerr by Hopper. !

THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN 67

i Existentialism, Christian or otherwise, is of Calvin’s doctrines of Scripture, natural iliot easy going, and some are convinced that revelation, and election (these in particular)

t is no more than a pseudo-philosophical take on quite different meaning from the lash in the pan. This would be clearly a su- more traditional interpretations. Beyond these perficial judgment, and for anyone who wants matters, however, the book traces in a sys- 0 understand the contemporary mood a book tematic way all the main topics of theology ;uch as this will surely provoke question and according to the sequence of the 1559 edi- •effective soul-searching. In the words of tion of the Institutes. The book is valuable, Vfontaigne, cited at the beginning of this therefore, as a companion to Calvin’s great symposium, “There is no description so hard, work on theology, and at many points diffi- lor assuredly so profitable, as is the descrip- culties are explained so that one gets the tion of a man’s own self.” sense of the full sweep of the Reformer’s Hugh T. Kerr thought. Clearly Niesel thinks highly of Calvin; in-

deed, he is largely uncritical. The assump- The Theology of Calvin, by Wilhelm tion, presumably, is that Calvin’s theology is (N’iesel. Westminster Press, Philadel- no mere Reformation summa but of con- phia, Pa., 1956. Pp. 254. $4.00. temporary significance. Unfortunately, however, this is only an assumption and is not 1 The author of this detailed commentary specifically dealt with in this book. The treat- bn Calvin’s theological system has been for ment is primarily for Calvin scholars and •nany years a foremost Churchman of the those who already know the Institutes. Most Reformed tradition in Germany. During the of the literature referred to is Continental, Nazi regime, his staunch opposition to Hitler with one Scottish and one American book ?ave rise to the nickname “Iron Niesel.” mentioned. This may be taken as another in- Last year he visited America and gave an stance of scholastic provincialism. But per- iddress on Calvin at Princeton Seminary. haps the Germans have no monopoly on that The book itself was first published in Ger- More serious is the question whether Nie- nany in 1938; it has been translated into sel’s Christological norm is derived from or English by Harold Knight, and the author whether he inserts it into Calvin’s theology. has made a few revisions for this edition There is little doubt that this approach, which 'mostly of a bibliographical sort, is the dominant theological trademark of The main purpose of Niesel’s discussion is j our day, does illumine and enliven Calvin’s to discover the theological norm or central system, and the sequence and structure of thread which will help to explain why Cal- the Institutes can be invoked in justification vin developed his theology as he did. It is of this position. But, on the other hand, the observed that much previous Calvin research attempt to press this point to include every- has sought a clue in some one doctrine, such thing in Calvin seems too neat and too facile. as the glory of God or predestination. Niesel, Calvin after all wrote for his own day and iperhaps under the influence of Barth with in his own way, and he is such a giant among whom he studied at Gottingen, sweeps aside theologians that it scarcely belittles him to [all such interpretations and seeks to demon- admit that on occasions he could be mistaken, strate that Calvin’s theology is everywhere confused, and inconsistent in the application motivated by Christology. Thus, we have of a norm which in its thoroughness has here, what others since have carried further, been left to our day to develop. In this con- a Christo-centric exposition which aims to nection, a more balanced and critical inter- clarify and deepen Calvin’s theological sys- pretation, which draws upon Niesel and de- tem. If Calvin is basically a Biblical theo- parts from him at crucial points, is the pub- logian, we must remember that for him “all lished doctoral dissertation of Edward A. our attention to the Bible should be the rec- Dowey, The Knowledge of God in Calvin’s ognition of Jesus Christ.” “In every aspect Theology (1952; see especially Dowey’s cri- of doctrine Calvin is concerned only about tique of Niesel in the extended footnote on one thing : namely, the God revealed in flesh.” page 132). Taken together these two books The consequence is that Niesel’s treatment illustrate the variety and versatility of Cal- 68 THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN vin’s theology, and in their differences pro- is the merit of the book, no doubt, and as vide an interesting and on-going scholarly such it should stimulate discussion and chal- conversation. lenge church groups to prayerfully and crea- Hugh T. Kerr tively seek ways by which the actual church can become the Church.

In but Not of the World, by Robert E. G. Homrighausen W. Spike. New York: Association Press. 1957. Pp. no. $2.00. Theology and Counseling, by Wil- liam E. Hulme. Muhlenberg Press. Robert W. Spike is the Director of Evan- Philadelphia, 1956. Pp. 250. $3.75. gelism of the Board of Home Mission of the Congregational Christian Church. He Dr. Hulme, formerly chaplain and student an ordained has the unique position of being counselor at Wartburg College at Waverley, minister with a dual standing in both The Iowa, is now teaching at Wartburg Semi- Christian and The Congregational Churches nary in Dubuque, Iowa. He has written con- This is his American Baptist Convention. siderably in the field of counseling. first it is designated as an official book, and Dr. Hulme brings to this new interest of study book of the Interseminary Committee. counseling the background of his theological this rather frank The problem to which tradition. Like a number of others, he feels and refreshing book is directed is the local that present-day counseling needs the cor- Church. Dr. Spike wonders how the local rective and the guidance of theology lest it church can actually be Church. admits He take its cue too much from psychology and there can be no perfect Church but through ; psychiatry. He states that counseling is an dramatic conversations which begin each interest with a “psychological orientation . . . chapter he poses the problems which min- has developed alongside of rather than within isters and laymen meet in local congrega- the framework of theology.” Hulme’s book tions. join creatively theology He seeks to is an attempt to reinterpret theology on the and sociology by bringing the Biblical image one hand and to interpret psychology (and of the Church to bear upon the actual sub- psychotherapy) on the other hand with a Christian practices of the average parish. view to bringing about some kind of under- He applies this contrast to various aspects standing. The result is that Hulme points of Church life: Koinonia and congregational out the urgent need of pastors for a psy- experience and his- congeniality ; meaningful chological understanding of the great doc- toric tradition; the Word of God and the trines of the faith. He vindicates pastoral local program; evangelism and mere schemes counseling against its accusers who regard

for statistical gains ; radical eschatological it as a “fad,” or even a “substitute” for expectancy of the Kingdom of God and theology. Church “business as usual.” Each chapter deals Through twelve chapters, Hulme deals with, with one of these contrasts through an epi- counseling and theology, the nature of coun- sode or conversation, a statement of the doc- seling, and various concepts of theology (man, trine involved, the relation of the doctrine to universal priesthood of man, freedom, accept- culture and the implications of the doctrine ance) and the means of growth and grace. ; in terms of practice. The first chapter sets forth the situation at

This is a provocative book and it will do present both in theology and counseling, and much to jar seminarians, ministers and lay- poses the problems which they face as they men into a rethinking of the nature and task confront each other. of the local congregation. As such, it is an While written by a Lutheran, the book is

excellent study book. Of course, it is strong ecumenical in spirit. It is a rewarding book on diagnosis but somewhat weak on prog- to read because of its clear insights into the nosis. It poses the crisis in the situation but subjective aspects of theological truth. It is a

it offers little in the way of resolution. This book for pastors, counselors and theologians. THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN 69

Hulme’s book is one of a growing list of clouds and scrapes no earth ; he wants con- publications which deals with the theological crete examples of the power of the Gospel, practical ministries the and not abstract theorizing wants Christ, aspects of the of ; he Church. We have had books on theology and not just Christianity” (p. 5). He feels, and preaching, theology and evangelism, moreover, that such addresses, geared for

theology and education. It is an indication radio listeners, go out like “an arrow into the

that current theological interest is finding its air,” to use Longfellow’s phrase, and he way into the life and work of the local hopes they will find a target in some mind or Church. heart. The author of these sermons is an uncom- There is one question which I would raise monly good preacher. For clarity of construc- about the approach of this book. Do we listen tion, vividness in the art of illustration, and too much to psychology as though it were the handling of great and fresh Scripture an authority equal to revelation and then texts, some of these pages are superb. Wil- seek to interpret its findings to theology or liam Barclay of the University of Glasgow, in theological terms? It would seem to me a preacher and New Testament scholar of that Christian counseling ought to find its no mean attainment, appraises this volume as own psychology in its own doctrine of man. follows : “There is in this book skill in un- Is there no theory of counseling inherent in forgettable sermon construction, width and the Christian revelation? catholicity in the selection of illustrative ma- E. G. Homrighausen terial, combined with patent sincerity. There is gospel in these sermons, and that is no doubt the reason why the arrow in them did An Arrow into the Air, by John H. not fall uselessly to earth but lodged its truth Withers. James Clarke & Company, in some one’s heart” ( Expository Times, London, 1955. Pp. 130. 7s 6d. LXVII, p. 223). Donald Macleod Books of sermons are no longer as popular as they once were. Indeed many religious publishers write more rejection slips for My Way of Preaching, ed. by Rob-

sermon manuscripts than for any other kind. ert J. Smithson. Pickering & Inglis, It is difficult to lay one’s finger upon the Glasgow, 1956. Pp. 176. 12s 6d. real reason for this lack of popularity of books of sermons among the buying public. In the foreword of this volume, Robert J.

Maybe it is simply because the sermons are Smithson writes as follows : “No originality not of the quality that one finds in this new is claimed for the plan of this book. A few volume by John H. Withers, minister of the years ago there was published in the U.S.A. Fisherwick Presbyterian Church, Belfast, a book of a like character [Here is My which is sometimes called “The Cathedral of Method, ed. by Donald Macleod. Revell. Irish Presbyterianism.” 1952]. That book was warmly welcomed and This book consists of addresses that were was, with one exception, contributed to by given originally over programs sponsored by American and Canadian preachers. It was the British Broadcasting Corporation and felt that not only in this country but also in have the characteristics of the broadcast ser- countries overseas a book representative of mon. In his Preface, Dr. Withers shares with British preachers would speedily find a place us his own conception of the nature of the for itself.” broadcast sermon : “The listener wants the This volume consists of a series of essays preacher’s own convictions and not quota- on preaching methods by fourteen leading tions from excellent books, however ; he clergymen from the British Isles. Each essay wants a challenge, and not a pretty literary on method is accompanied by an appropriate essay; he wants a message which deals with sermon. The following names appear in the life it, list as he knows and not a philosophical of contributors : G. W. Bromiley, Adam discourse which bobs its head against the W. Burnet, Nevile Davidson, George B. 70 THE PRINCETON SEMINARY BULLETIN

Duncan, Charles S. Duthie, Montague Good- Prayers jor the Pulpit, by Walter man, E. D. Jarvis, F. Townley Lord, John G. Gray. Fleming H. Revell Co., West- MacBeath, R. Guy Ramsay, W. E. Sangster, wood, N.J., 1957. Pp. 127. $2.00. W. Graham Scroggie, R. Leonard Small, and Leslie J. Tizard. Here are in pulpit prayers which were It is difficult to appraise a book of this first offered by Walter G. Gray, a minister type, although the general impression one of the staff of the Pasadena Community receives is good. There are certain features Church, St. Petersburg, Florida. A native of concerning the preaching of these men that England, Mr. Gray served as a missionary are encouraging and interesting. One ap- in India for twenty-two years and joined the preciates the simplicity and directness of staff of the Pasadena church in 1943. In his these sermons, the adequate and faithful use introduction to this volume, Dr. J. Wallace of the Scripture texts, and the new and Hamilton, senior minister of the church, says, growing emphasis upon the Christian Year. “The pulpit prayer has been, for long cen- In the essays on method and technique in turies, an essential and vital part of public preparation one is more than pleased to find worship. ... It is the moment when minds particular stress laid upon the minister’s per- are called in from their wanderings and led sonal preparation, the distinctive nature of upward on mental pathways into the Pres- preaching, the relevance of the Gospel to ence. It is the moment when the minister our common life, and the necessity of the feels a high sense of mediation between the pastoral ministry to effective preaching. On needs of his pulpit and the living reality of every page the seriousness of preaching is God’’ (p. 3). underlined and the urgency for adequate It was because these prayers fulfilled so preparation is emphasized. completely the above qualifications that mem- American ministers who read this book bers and friends of the congregation requested will wonder at the tendency of some of these that they be put in book form. For imagery preachers to allegorize and at the paucity of and thought, these prayers are of an exceed- illustrations in these sermons. Everyone, ingly high order. To read them is not merely however, will benefit from a close study of a lesson in the proper composition of prayers, the ways in which these various preachers but also a deep inspiration. Ministers and formulate their messages and will appreciate laymen will use these prayers for home wor- these insights into the whole technique of ship, church bulletins, and especially in pri- effective preaching. vate devotions. Donald Macleod Donald Macleod

; Prince on rheoloj ical Librar

ii iiii i 012 C)1467 348 e

FOR USE IN LIBRARY ONLY PERIODICALS

0NC1- I