DOCSLIB.ORG

Global Experiences on Waste Processing with Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia Illucens): from Technology to Business

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Global Experiences on Waste Processing with Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia Illucens): from Technology to Business RESOURCE RECOVERY & REUSE SERIES 16 ISSN 2478-0529 Global Experiences on Waste Processing with Black 16 Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens): From Technology to Business Gabrielle Joly and Josiane Nikiema About the Resource Recovery & Reuse Series Resource Recovery and Reuse (RRR) is a subprogram of the CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) dedicated to applied research on the safe recovery of water, nutrients and energy from domestic and agro-industrial waste streams. This subprogram aims to create impact through different lines of action research, including (i) developing and testing scalable RRR business models, (ii) assessing and mitigating risks from RRR for public health and the environment, (iii) supporting public and private entities with innovative approaches for the safe reuse of wastewater and organic waste, and (iv) improving rural-urban linkages and resource allocations while minimizing the negative urban footprint on the peri-urban environment. This subprogram works closely with the World Health Organization (WHO), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), United Nations University (UNU), and many national and international partners across the globe. The RRR series of documents present summaries and reviews of the subprogram’s research and resulting application guidelines, targeting development experts and others in the research for development continuum. IN PARTNERSHIP WITH: RESOURCE RECOVERY & REUSE SERIES 16 Global Experiences on Waste Processing with Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens): From Technology to Business Gabrielle Joly and Josiane Nikiema The authors Joly, G.; Nikiema, J. 2019. Global experiences on waste processing with black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens): from Ms. Gabrielle Joly is an environmental engineer. She has an technology to business. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International MSc in Environmental Engineering from KTH Royal Institute Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research of Technology, Sweden, and an MSc in General Engineering Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). from the Ecole Centrale de Lyon, France. Her fields of 62p. (Resource Recovery and Reuse Series 16). doi: expertise include organic solid waste valorization, process 10.5337/2019.214 engineering for waste management, and sustainable social and economic development. / resource recovery / resource management / reuse / waste management / waste treatment / waste reduction Dr. Josiane Nikiema is a Senior Researcher – Environmental / technology / black soldier fly / Hermetia illucens / life Science at the International Water Management Institute cycle / bioconversion / insect farming / breeding / larvae / (IWMI) and is based in Accra, Ghana. She has a PhD in pupae / yields / harvesting / lipid content / animal feeding / Chemical Engineering from the Université de Sherbrooke, feedstocks / biomass / biofuels / biodiesel / chitin / residues Canada. Her fields of expertise include wastewater treatment / organic wastes / fertilizers / nutrients / energy conservation and reuse, recovery of nutrients and organic matter from / infrastructure / monitoring / economic impact / economic fecal sludge and organic solid waste, and testing business value / costs / environmental effects / legal aspects / social models for safe resource recovery and reuse. benefits / public health / business models / markets / case studies / Indonesia / South Africa / Ghana / Canada / ISSN 2478-0510 (Print) ISSN 2478-0529 (Online) ISBN 978-92-9090-893-7 Copyright © 2019, CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems, International Water Management Institute (IWMI). Fair use: Unless otherwise noted, you are free to copy, duplicate or reproduce, and distribute, display, or transmit any part of this paper or portions thereof without permission, and to make translations, adaptations or other derivative works under the following conditions: ATTRIBUTION. The work must be referenced according to international citation standards, while attribution should in no way suggest endorsement by WLE, IWMI or the author(s). NONCOMMERCIAL. This work may not be used for commercial purposes. SHARE ALIKE. If this work is altered, transformed or built upon, the resulting work must be distributed only under the same or similar license to this one. Front cover photograph: Informal fecal sludge management in Guntur, India (photo: C.S. Sharada Prasad). Series editor (science): Pay Drechsel, IWMI English editor: Robin Leslie Designer: W. D. A. S. Manike Disclaimer The opinions expressed in this paper and any possible errors are the responsibility of the authors. They do not reflect the position of the CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems or of the institutions and individuals who were involved in the preparation of the report. ii Acknowledgments Donors The authors would like to thank Prof. Ofusu-Budu (University This research was carried out as of Ghana), Emmanuel K. Boadu (Animal Research Institute, part of the CGIAR Research Accra) and Cecilia Lalander (Swedish University of Program on Water, Land and Agricultural Sciences) for kindly letting them visit their black Ecosystems (WLE) and soldier fly (BSF) waste valorization systems and for sharing supported by Funders useful information on the BSF technology. Bram Dortmans contributing to the CGIAR Trust (Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Fund (https://www.cgiar.org/ [Eawag]) and Pierre-Olivier Maquart (PhD student, University funders/). of Stirling, Scotland) are thanked for the information provided on case studies from the following projects: From Organic This report is based on research funded in part by: Waste to Recycling for Development (FORWARD) and Ento- • Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Prise. Logistical support provided by Mr. Randy Adjei (intern, • CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and International Water Management Institute [IWMI], Ghana) Ecosystems (WLE) and Mr. Eric Nartey (Research Officer, Recycling and Reuse, IWMI, Ghana) is gratefully acknowledged. The authors are also grateful for the administrative support provided by KTH Royal Institute of Technology which enabled Gabrielle Joly to conduct her master’s degree project at IWMI, Ghana. Project This report was prepared in the context of the project named “Scaling out the Recovery of Nutrients and Organic Matter from Faecal Sludge for Food Production in Ghana: From Waste to Food (WaFo)”. Collaborators Jekora Ventures Ltd. (JVL) Tema Metropolitan Assembly (TMA) Training Research and Networking for Development (TREND) iii iv CONTENTS List of Figures ..............................................................................................................................................vii List of Tables ..............................................................................................................................................vii Acronyms and Abbreviations ........................................................................................................................viii SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................................................... ix 1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................................. 1 2 THE BLACK SOLDIER FLY (BSF) ................................................................................................................... 2 3 WASTE PROCESSING BY THE BSF............................................................................................................... 2 3.1 Feedstock Selection .................................................................................................................................. 2 3.1.1 Sourcing ............................................................................................................................................. 2 3.1.2 Waste Preprocessing .......................................................................................................................... 6 3.2 Breeding Conditions .................................................................................................................................. 7 3.2.1 Mating and Oviposition ....................................................................................................................... 9 3.2.2 Egg Harvesting and Hatching ........................................................................................................... 10 3.2.3 Larvae Breeding ................................................................................................................................ 11 3.2.4 Collection of Migrating Prepupae ...................................................................................................... 11 3.2.5 Pupation ........................................................................................................................................... 12 3.2.6 Monitoring of Breeding Performance ................................................................................................. 12 3.3 Waste Treatment ...................................................................................................................................... 13 3.3.1 Operating Conditions ........................................................................................................................ 13 3.3.2 Operational Designs .........................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Analysis of Promotion Policies for the Valorization of Food Waste from Industrial Sources in Taiwan
    fermentation Article Analysis of Promotion Policies for the Valorization of Food Waste from Industrial Sources in Taiwan Wen-Tien Tsai * and Yu-Quan Lin Graduate Institute of Bioresources, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +886-8-7703202 Abstract: Growing concern about circular bioeconomy and sustainable development goals (SDGs) for the valorization of food waste has raised public awareness since 2015. Therefore, the present study focused on the promotion policies and regulatory measures for the valorization of mandatory recyclable food waste from industrial sources in Taiwan, including the animal/plant production farms and food-processing plants. According to the official data on the annual statistics during the period of 2015–2019, it showed that the food waste from alcoholic beverage manufacturers (i.e., lees, dregs, or alcohol mash) and oyster farms (i.e., waste oyster shell) accounted for about half (about 250,000 metric ton) of industrial food waste generation in Taiwan. In order to effectively reduce the burdens on incinerators/landfills and their environmental impacts, the central governing agencies jointly promulgated some regulatory measures for promoting the production of biobased products from the industrial food waste valorization like animal feed, soil fertilizer, and bioenergy. These relevant acts include the Waste Management Act, the Fertilizer Management Act, the Feed Management Act, and the Renewable Energy Development Act. In addition, an official plan for building the food waste bioenergy plants at local governments via anaerobic digestion process, which was estimated to be completed by 2024, was addressed as a case study to discuss their environmental Citation: Tsai, W.-T.; Lin, Y.-Q.
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding the Opportunities, Barriers, and Enablers For
    resources Article Understanding the Opportunities, Barriers, and Enablers for the Commercialization and Transfer of Technologies for Mine Waste Valorization: A Case Study of Coal Processing Wastes in South Africa Helene-Marie Stander 1,2,* and Jennifer L. Broadhurst 1 1 Minerals to Metals Research Initiative, Department of Chemical Engineering, Upper Campus, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7700 Cape Town, South Africa; [email protected] 2 Centre for Bioprocess Engineering Research, Department of Chemical Engineering, Upper Campus, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7700 Cape Town, South Africa * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The mining and minerals beneficiation industries produce large volumes of waste, the land disposal of which can lead to harmful environmental emissions and a loss of valuable resources. Glob- ally, researchers are developing technologies for recovering valuable minerals and converting mine waste into a resource with market value. However, university-developed technological innovations to long-term environmental problems can be difficult to transfer to the mining industry. This paper focuses on the barriers and enablers to technology transfer in the South African mining industry using the valorization of coal processing waste as a case study. Data and information derived from interviews with relevant experts and published literature were used to gain a better understanding Citation: Stander,H.-M.; Broadhurst, J.L. of the landscape of waste valorization technology implementation. Results indicated that financial Understanding the Opportunities, Barriers, and Enablers for the considerations and demonstration of technical feasibility will be vital in determining the success of Commercialization and Transfer of technology transfer, as will a changing perception of waste and its value within the sector.
    [Show full text]
  • Bio-Waste in Europe — Turning Challenges Into Opportunities
    EEA Report No 04/2020 Bio-waste in Europe — turning challenges into opportunities ISSN 1977-8449 EEA Report No 04/2020 Bio-waste in Europe — turning challenges into opportunities Cover design: EEA Cover photo: © Brendan Killeen Layout: Rosendahls a/s Legal notice The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the official opinions of the European Commission or other institutions of the European Union. Neither the European Environment Agency nor any person or company acting on behalf of the Agency is responsible for the use that may be made of the information contained in this report. Brexit notice The withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union did not affect the production of this report. Data reported by the United Kingdom are included in all analyses and assessments contained herein, unless otherwise indicated. Copyright notice © European Environment Agency, 2020 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. More information on the European Union is available on the Internet (http://europa.eu). Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2020 ISBN 978-92-9480-223-1 ISSN 1977-8449 doi:10.2800/630938 European Environment Agency Kongens Nytorv 6 1050 Copenhagen K Denmark Tel.: +45 33 36 71 00 Internet: eea.europa.eu Enquiries: eea.europa.eu/enquiries Contents Contents Authors and acknowledgements .............................................................................................. 4 Key messages .............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Co-Management of Sewage Sludge and Other Organic Wastes: a Scandinavian Case Study
    energies Review Co-Management of Sewage Sludge and Other Organic Wastes: A Scandinavian Case Study Clara Fernando-Foncillas 1, Maria M. Estevez 2, Hinrich Uellendahl 3 and Cristiano Varrone 1,* 1 Section for Sustainable Biotechnology, Aalborg University Copenhagen, A.C. Meyers Vænge 15, 2450 Copenhagen, Denmark; [email protected] 2 Aquateam COWI, Karvesvingen 2, 0579 Oslo, Norway; [email protected] 3 Faculty of Mechanical and Process Engineering and Maritime Technologies, Flensburg University of Applied Sciences, Kanzleistr. 91–93, 24943 Flensburg, Germany; hinrich.uellendahl@hs-flensburg.de * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Wastewater and sewage sludge contain organic matter that can be valorized through conversion into energy and/or green chemicals. Moreover, resource recovery from these wastes has become the new focus of wastewater management, to develop more sustainable processes in a circular economy approach. The aim of this review was to analyze current sewage sludge management systems in Scandinavia with respect to resource recovery, in combination with other organic wastes. As anaerobic digestion (AD) was found to be the common sludge treatment approach in Scandinavia, different available organic municipal and industrial wastes were identified and compared, to evaluate the potential for expanding the resource recovery by anaerobic co-digestion. Additionally, a full-scale case study of co-digestion, as strategy for optimization of the anaerobic digestion treatment, was presented for each country, together with advanced biorefinery approaches to wastewater treatment and resource recovery. Citation: Fernando-Foncillas, C.; Estevez, M.M.; Uellendahl, H.; Varrone, C. Co-Management of Keywords: waste management; wastewater; sewage sludge; organic waste; anaerobic digestion; Sewage Sludge and Other Organic co-digestion; biorefinery; resource recovery Wastes: A Scandinavian Case Study.
    [Show full text]
  • Waste Valorization, Loop-Closing, and Industrial Ecology Ange Nzihou, Reid Lifset
    Waste Valorization, Loop-Closing, and Industrial Ecology Ange Nzihou, Reid Lifset To cite this version: Ange Nzihou, Reid Lifset. Waste Valorization, Loop-Closing, and Industrial Ecology. Journal of Industrial Ecology, Wiley, 2010, 14 (2), p.196-199. 10.1111/j.1530-9290.2010.00242.x. hal-01634025 HAL Id: hal-01634025 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01634025 Submitted on 22 Oct 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Waste Valorization, Loop-Closing, and Industrial Ecology Ange Nzihou and Reid Lifset Recycling has always been a pivotal con- orization is the treatment of waste for beneficial cept in industrial ecology. From the seminal use as raw material or as an energy carrier, with article by Frosch and Gallopoulos (1989) the emphasis on processes and practices that re- in Scientific American that marks the begin- duce emissions and related environmental im- ning of this field, the productive use of what pacts. The term valorization typically refers to would otherwise be efforts to make use a waste has been seen Waste valorization is the treatment of of bulk, production- as central to resource related wastes, such as efficiency and the re- waste for beneficial use as raw mate- paper sludge, inciner- duction of environ- rial or as an energy carrier, with em- ator ash, metal slags, mental damage.
    [Show full text]
  • Waste Mismanagement in Developing Countries: a Review of Global Issues
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Review Waste Mismanagement in Developing Countries: A Review of Global Issues Navarro Ferronato * and Vincenzo Torretta Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Via G.B. Vico 46, I-21100 Varese, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-338-887-5813 Received: 6 March 2019; Accepted: 22 March 2019; Published: 24 March 2019 Abstract: Environmental contamination due to solid waste mismanagement is a global issue. Open dumping and open burning are the main implemented waste treatment and final disposal systems, mainly visible in low-income countries. This paper reviews the main impacts due to waste mismanagement in developing countries, focusing on environmental contamination and social issues. The activity of the informal sector in developing cities was also reviewed, focusing on the main health risks due to waste scavenging. Results reported that the environmental impacts are pervasive worldwide: marine litter, air, soil and water contamination, and the direct interaction of waste pickers with hazardous waste are the most important issues. Many reviews were published in the scientific literature about specific waste streams, in order to quantify its effect on the environment. This narrative literature review assessed global issues due to different waste fractions showing how several sources of pollution are affecting the environment, population health, and sustainable development. The results and case studies presented can be of reference for scholars and stakeholders for quantifying the comprehensive impacts and for planning integrated solid waste collection and treatment systems, for improving sustainability at a global level. Keywords: environmental contamination; public health; solid waste management; sustainability; open dumping; informal recycling; open burning; sustainable development; hazardous waste; risk assessment 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of Dehydration As a Commercial-Scale Food Waste Valorization Strategy
    sustainability Article Assessment of Dehydration as a Commercial-Scale Food Waste Valorization Strategy Jon T. Schroeder 1, Ava L. Labuzetta 1,2 and Thomas A. Trabold 1,* 1 Golisano Institute for Sustainability, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA; [email protected] (J.T.S.); [email protected] (A.L.L.) 2 New York State Pollution Prevention Institute, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-585-475-4696 Received: 8 June 2020; Accepted: 21 July 2020; Published: 24 July 2020 Abstract: Using a commercially available dehydration unit, this study aimed to valorize various food waste streams from different sources in the Rochester, New York area. Dehydration of the food waste collected for the study helped reduce the weight of the feedstock by 70–90%, as the incoming waste streams were relatively wet. The output was materially characterized against end uses such as cattle feed, fish feed, and compost. The results demonstrated that, other than fertilizer, the remaining five end uses (compost, fish feed, cattle feed, pyrolysis, and pelletized fuel) were potentially compatible with varying waste feedstocks based on the parameters analyzed. Fish feed in particular was found to be the most compatible end use, as a number of attributes, including protein, fell within the optimal range of values. Pelletized fuel was also determined to be a viable application, as six out of eight sources of dehydrated food waste had higher heating values above the minimum U.S. standard level of 18.61 MJ/kg. Ultimately, this analysis showed that the composition of the food waste needs to be matched to an end-use application and sale of the product for dehydration to be a worthwhile valorization strategy.
    [Show full text]
  • Healthcare Waste and Extended Producer Responsibility: the Specific Case of E-Medical Equipment
    Issue 6, Volume 5, 2011 733 Healthcare waste and extended producer responsibility: the specific case of e-medical equipment Elisabeth Lefebvre, Alejandro Romero, Louis-A. Lefebvre known as product stewardship. We thus analyzed the Abstract — The extended producer responsibility implies more initiatives undertaken by the e-medical equipment than the mere take-back and recycling programs tailored towards the manufacturers to reduce the environmental impacts of their end-of-life management. It requires the producers to design products products when they are manufactured, used and finally that are environmentally friendly during all stages of their life cycle, disposed (when they become obsolete). We will present here namely manufacturing, usage or consumption, and final disposal. In empirical evidence gathered from e-medical equipment particular, it implies that products at the end of their useful life producers located in the US and Canada. The specific should be easily dismantled, recovered, reused, and recycled. This paper examines how the producers of electronic medical equipment objectives are as follows: 1) to gain a better understanding of (e-medical equipment) attempt to reduce the environmental impacts the initiatives undertaken by the of their products during its entire life cycle through different e-medical equipment producers to green their products, 2) to initiatives. The main objectives are as follows: to gain a better assess the relative importance of such initiatives, 3) to understanding of these environmentally proactive initiatives, to analyze the main drivers of these initiatives and 4) to examine assess their relative importance, to analyze the main drivers and to the key benefits derived from these initiatives.
    [Show full text]
  • Food Waste Through the Food-Water-Energy Nexus Lenses a Case Study of Amsterdam
    Food Waste through the Food-Water-Energy Nexus Lenses A Case Study of Amsterdam An Industrial Ecology Approach a MASTER THESIS Antoine Coudard June 2019 1 Cover Images: ©Bee Jay; ©IUCN Water 2 Food Waste through the Food-Water-Energy Nexus Lenses A Case Study of Amsterdam An Industrial Ecology Approach Master thesis submitted to Delft University of Technology and Leiden University In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in Industrial Ecology CML and Faculty of Technology, Policy, & Management By Antoine Coudard Student number: s2075105/4757513 To be defended on June 26th, 2019 Supervisors Dr. José M. Mogollon, CML, Leiden University Dr. Jotte de Koning, Industrial Design, TU Delft 3 This page is intentionally left blank 4 Abstract Food waste is a global issue that causes various but significant global impacts, wasting millions of hectares of arable land, 0.75 to 1.25 trillion of cubic meter of water per year, and about 1.5% of the global energy production. In developed nations, food waste occurs mainly at the retail and consumer stage. By 2050, 80% of the global food consumption will take place within cities. Cities are also a key nexus of energy, water, and food flows. Amsterdam offers an interesting case study as the city does not have any comprehensive strategy to tackle the food waste produced within its boundaries. Yet, the city has shown ambitions in transforming itself into a sustainable metropolis with strong renewable energy and circular strategies. This study uses the Food-Energy-Water (FEW) Nexus approach, particularly suited to understand the interactions and interconnections between Amsterdam’s food flows and the energy and water systems.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Assessment and Decision Support for the Process Design of Tailings Valorization
    Environmental assessment and decision support for the process design of tailings valorization PhD research plan: Lugas Raka Adrianto 27.01.2020 www.esd.ifu.ethz.ch/ Motivation (1) Trends: Demand of metals ↑↑ , but the ore grade ↓ ↓ (Van der Voet et al., 2019) Environmental burdens Primary resources processing Waste Slag, rock dust, etc. Mining operation Tailings Metal production www.esd.ifu.ethz.ch/ 2 Motivation (2) Tailings The problem The opportunity Leaching and long-term If properly managed, it environmental impacts could be future resources (Lottermosser, 2010) (JRC, 2019) www.esd.ifu.ethz.ch/ 3 The SULTAN project Transforming extractive-waste problem into a resource-recovery opportunity PhD students/ Universities and Work packages 15 “ESR” 8 research institutes 4 (WP) My role in WP4: On what? 1 2 . Environmental assessment Metals Minerals recovery valorization www.esd.ifu.ethz.ch/ 4 State of current research Prospective LCA Sustainability Empirical models for emerging benefits of mine Doka (2017, 2008) technologies waste's valorization Reactive transport Emissions from Steefel et al, 2015 tailings storage Parkhurst,Time 2013 perspective (Bakas et al 2015) Upscaling Industrial ecology (Doka and Hischier, 2005) frameworks in mining (Hellweg et al, 2005) Segura-Salazar et al, 2019 Piccino et al, 2016 Kinnunen, 2019 Zhou et al, 2017 LCA of mine LCA of tailings Process residues’ management simulation valorization Abadias et al, 2019 Assessing Song et al, 2017 Joyce et al, 2019 Reuter et al, 2015 Rahul et al, 2019 impacts of Adiansyah
    [Show full text]
  • A Circular Approach to the E-Waste Valorization Through Urban Mining in Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
    Journal of Cleaner Production 261 (2020) 120990 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Cleaner Production journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jclepro A circular approach to the e-waste valorization through urban mining in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil * Marianna Ottoni a, d, Pablo Dias b, c, Lúcia Helena Xavier d, a Polytechnic School (Escola Politecnica), Department of Water Resources and Environment, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, Cidade Universitaria, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-909, Brazil b Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia c Programa de Pos-Graduaç ao~ em Engenharia de Minas, Metalúrgica e de Materiais (PPGE3M), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, 91509-900, Brazil d Center for Mineral Technology (CETEM / MCTIC), Av. Pedro Calmon, 900, Cidade Universitaria, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-908, Brazil article info abstract Article history: Electronic waste (e-waste or WEEE) is one of the most critical categories regarding the decision-making Received 1 October 2019 for waste management. Brazil is the second major e-waste producer in Americas, after USA, with 1.5 Received in revised form million tones generated annually. However, the absence of adequate system for e-waste reverse logistics 4 March 2020 are a reality in most of the Brazilian cities. Concerning this hypothesis, we proposed a scenario analysis to Accepted 6 March 2020 support decision-making in e-waste management. This study analyzed the e-waste amount generation, Available online 9 March 2020 the location of the recycling companies of this segment and the collection routes in the metropolitan Handling editor: Bin Chen region of Rio de Janeiro (MRRJ).
    [Show full text]
  • Recycling of Food Waste Into Chemical Building Blocks
    ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Recycling of Food Waste into Chemical Building Blocks Vinod Kumar *, Philip Longhurst Centre for Bioenergy and Resource Management (CBRM), School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Bedford MK43 0AL, United Kingdom *Corresponding author Tel.: +441234754786; E-mail address: [email protected] Abstract: Enormous quantities of food waste (FW) arise from global production. Roughly, one third of all food for human consumption is wasted resulting in huge costs to the world economy alongside significant environmental problems. FW is a potential reservoir of functionalized molecules, i.e. carbohydrates, proteMANUSCRIPTins and lipids that can be recovered, concentrated and transformed into high value products. Conversion of renewable carbon from FW to building block chemicals can also more profitable than conventional processing methods. Recent studies have used microbial routes to recover value from FW into a number of chemical building blocks. Recycling FW into valuable chemicals directly contributes to the transition from current fossil fuel-based economies to a bioeconomy and reduced waste society. This paper reviews the potential for using FW and focuses on recent updates in second-generationACCEPTED valorisation methods where the bioproduction of chemical building blocks uses FW as a feedstock. Key words: Food waste; Chemical building blocks; Succinic acid; Lactic acid; 2,3- Butanediol; Ethanol; n-Butanol 1 ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Need for waste biorefineries: International priorities to reduce fossil fuel emissions, alongside rising prices for oil derivatives are resulting in significant interest in the production of chemical building blocks from renewable sources [1, 2]. The biorefinery concept has the potential to contribute to reducing international dependency on petroleum-based industries globally.
    [Show full text]