Tom Origer & Associates Archaeology / Historical Research

October 13, 2017

Justin Witt Brelje & Race Consulting Engineers 475 Aviation Boulevard, Suite 120 Santa Rosa, California 95403

Dear Mr. Witt:

This report describes an archival level cultural resources study for the Los Alamos Trunk Sewer Replacement Project, Phases 2, 3, and 4 in Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, California. The study area includes the new proposed alignment of the Los Alamos Trunk Sewer, as well as all ⅛ of a mile on either side of the alignment. This study was requested and authorized by the Justin Witt of Brelje & Race Consulting Engineers, on behalf of the City of Santa Rosa, and was designed to satisfy requirements of the California Environmental Quality Act.

Study Location and Description

The study area consists of 10,500 feet of the Los Alamos Trunk Sewer, as well as ⅛ of a mile on either side of the sewer line. The study area was defined as such so that all areas that could include minor modification to the sewer route, staging area locations, and access road locations would be included in this review.

Environmental Setting

The study area is situated near the northern foot of the Sonoma Mountains in central Sonoma County, roughly 3.25 miles northeast of downtown Santa Rosa. The study area ranges in elevation from 275 feet at the western end to 350 feet at its eastern end and is marked by generally level to gently sloping land. Native vegetation in this portion of the county is primarily grasslands and open woodlands typical of Northern Oak Woodland plant communities (Munz and Keck 1968:16 and 17).

The majority of the geology of the study area lies on undivided alluvial deposits that were formed between 1.294 million years ago and the present. A few, small segments of the proposed trunk sewer alignment lie on a geologic formation that dates to the Pliocene epoch (2.58-5.33 million years ago) (McLaughlin et al. 2008).

Soils within the study area are comprised of Clear Lake, Haire, Manzanita, Pleasanton, Riverwash, and Yolo soils (Miller 1972:Sheets 75 and 82). Riverwash consists of recently deposited gravel, sand, and silt alluvium along streams (Miller 1972:73). The soils located within the study area are soils typically found along alluvial fans, and floodplains, or on adjacent terraces. In a natural state these soils support the growth of annual and perennial grasses, forbs, shrubs, wild berry vines, and scattered oaks. (Miller 1972:22, 41, 61, 67, 87-88).

www.origer.com P.O. Box 1531, Rohnert Park, California 94927 (707) 584-8200 Justin Witt Page 2 October 13, 2017 The study area includes Santa Rosa and Oakmont creeks, with the actual proposed trunk sewer alignment crossing Santa Rosa Creek twice and Oakmont Creek once.

Archival Research Results from the NWIC

A search of the archaeological base maps at the NWIC found that approximately 50 percent of the study area has been subjected to prior cultural resources surveys (see Table 1 and Materials Consulted for citations).

These studies resulted in the finding and recording of 26 historical resources within the study area (see Table 2). Many of the recorded historical resources are located within the proposed route of the trunk sewer line. They consist of prehistoric Native American sites. Table 2 lists the resources recorded within the study area and their distance from the proposed route.

There is one local, state, or federally recognized historic property within the study area (OHP 2012; State of California Department of Parks and Recreation 1976). This property is located at 5910 Channel Drive (HRI# 5402-0260-000). It is listed as the Mendel Lee and Adelaide Cohn House and has a status code 3S which means that the building appears eligible for National Register or California Register through survey evaluation. Review of Caltran's Historic Bridge Survey showed that none of the bridges within the vicinity of the study area meet criteria for inclusion on the National Register (Caltrans 2017).

Archival Research on Ethnographic Data

At the time of European settlement, the study area was included in the territory controlled by the Southern Pomo (Barrett 1908; McLendon and Oswalt 1978). The Pomo were hunter-gatherers who lived in rich environments that allowed for dense populations with complex social structures (Barrett 1908; Kroeber 1925). They settled in large, permanent villages about which were distributed seasonal camps and task- specific sites. Primary village sites were occupied continually throughout the year and other sites were visited in order to procure particular resources that were especially abundant or available only during certain seasons. Sites often were situated near fresh water sources and in ecotones where plant life and animal life were diverse and abundant. For more information about the Pomo, see Bean and Theodoratus (1978), Kniffen (1939), and Stewart (1943).

There are no ethnographic villages within a mile of the study area (Barrett 1908; Kroeber 1925).

Archival Research on Historical Map Data

The study area lies partially within the Rancho Cabeza de Santa Rosa and partially within the Los Guilicos land grant. The Rancho Cabeza de Santa Rosa was an 8,885-acre grant made to María Ignacia López de Carrillo, the mother-in-law of General Mariano Vallejo. Traveling from San Diego in 1837, she brought seven of her children to settle on the rancho and built the first European dwelling in the Santa Rosa area (Hoover et al. 1990:479-480). After Señora Carrillo’s death in 1849, the rancho was divided amongst seven claimants. The Los Guilicos land grant was granted 18,834 acres to John Wilson in 1837 (Cowan 1977:39). Wilson never lived on the grant and years later began selling portions of the grant to various settlers.

A review of 19th and 20th century maps shows buildings in the vicinity of the study area as early as 1877 (Bell and Heymans 1888; Bowers 1867; Drury 1896; GLO 1859a 1859b; McIntire and Lewis 1908; Peugh 1934; Reynolds and Proctor 1898; Thompson 1877; USACE 1944; USGS 1916, 1954a, 1954b, 1968, 1973, 1980, 1994, 2017). As the city of Santa Rosa grew, more and more settlers began occupying Justin Witt Page 3 October 13, 2017 the land just outside the former city limits. Review of current aerial photos shows that there are no buildings within the proposed alignment for phases 2, 3, and 4.

Recommendations

This record search included review and analysis of various environmental and cultural factors, including soil surveys, geological data, and the locations of known archaeological sites. The study area lies within the Rincon Valley. The presence of fresh water sources and well-drained soils that could have supported a variety of plants that in turn could have served as food and cover for animals, suggests that the study area would have been a desirable place for prehistoric occupants of the region to live and gather resources. Several prehistoric archaeological sites have been documented within and in close proximity to the proposed trunk sewer route. The likelihood of finding additional prehistoric sites along the portions of the study area that have not been previously surveyed is very high.

Archival research showed that 26 previously recorded historical resources have been recorded within the study area. Five of these 26 resources appear to lie within the currently proposed trunk sewer alignment. The majority of the sites are prehistoric Native American sites, suggesting the area was a highly desirable place to live and is archaeologically sensitive. Since only portions of each of the phases have been subjected to an historical resources survey, there is a high potential for additional resources to be found within the proposed trunk sewer route.

We recommend that the proposed alignment of phases 2, 3, and 4, be subjected to an historical resources study to identify any additional historical resources, and to examine previously recorded historical resources. This study should be overseen by an archaeologist who meets the Secretary of the Interior's Standards. The study(ies) should include 1) a records search at the Northwest Information Center, 2) contact with the Native American community, 3) field survey of the proposed trunk sewer route, 4) documentation of an historical resources found on appropriate DPR523 forms, and 5) a written report of findings that should be submitted to the Northwest Information Center. Study of phases 2, 3, and 4 should be conducted as early in the planning process as possible to ensure there are no delays to the project due to additional work that may be required as a result of the presence of historical resources within the study area.

In addition, an analysis of the potential for buried historical resources should be conducted for each phase as part of the historical resources study to determine the sensitivity for each phase, and some subsurface work should be conducted to determine if buried resources are present. Based on review of geological maps and soil surveys, and based on the trunk sewer's proximity to freshwater sources, there is the potential for there to be buried historical resources along phases 2, 3, and 4.

If an historical resource(s) is identified that would be impacted by proposed project activities, then the project should be redesigned to avoid effecting the resource. If an historical resource(s) cannot be avoided by proposed project activities then the resource will need to be evaluated for its eligibility for inclusion on the California Register of Historical Resources and appropriate mitigation of impacts must be developed.

Please let me know if you have any questions about our letter report or need additional information.

Sincerely,

Eileen Barrow Senior Associate Justin Witt Page 4 October 13, 2017

Table 1. Previous Surveys conducted within the Study Area NWIC Report Title Date Author # Archaeological Investigations at CA-SON-20B, Santa Rosa, Sonoma Schroder, S.A. 1988 No # County, California. A Cultural Resources Survey of the La Canterra Test Well Location, 2010 No # Beard, V. Montgomery Drive, Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, California. Archaeological Investigations for the Spring Lake Village Expansion 2013 No # Barrow, E. and T. Origer and Annexation Project, Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, California. Historical Resources Study for the Spring Lake Village East Grove 2017 No # Franco, J. and E. Barrow Project, Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, California. Historical Resources Study for Phase 1 of the Los Alamos Trunk Sewer 2017 No # Barrow, E. Replacement Project, Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, California. Archaeological Resources Along Route 12, East of Santa Rosa: An 1973 2 Moratto, M. Impact Evaluation (Ref. 4-Son-12, W.A. 424620) An Archaeological Survey of the Lindsay Property on Melita Road, 1977 441 Origer, T. Santa Rosa, California. An Archaeological Survey of the C.V. Cooper Parcel South of Melita 1977 484 Origer, T. Road, Santa Rosa, California. An Archaeological Survey of the Santa Rosa Bible Church Property, Baldrica, M. and D. 1978 1331 Santa Rosa, California. Fredrickson An Archaeological Site Evaluation of CA-SON-20 at the Proposed 1979 1430 Construction Site for the Santa Rosa Bible Church, Santa Rosa, Hayes, J. and D. Fredrickson California: Final Report An Archaeological Investigation of the Folio Gardens Property. Carpenter, N. and D. 1980 1914 Fredrickson An Archaeological Survey of the McIntosh Property, Persimmon Acres, 1980 1942 Keter, T. and D. Fredrickson Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, California. An Archaeological Investigation of the Five Acre Sisikin Property, File 1980 2037 Roscoe, J. and D. Fredrickson No. 791030, Sonoma County, California. An Archaeological Study for Northeast Santa Rosa Annexation 2- 1981 2595 80/General Plan Amendment 80-7, Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, Origer, T. and D. Fredrickson California. Archaeological Survey Report for the Spring Meadows Development 1981 2754 Davis, S. and D. Fredrickson Project, Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, California. An Archaeological Study of the 1.64-acre Otterlee Property situated on 1981 2781 Melero, R. and D. Fredrickson Santa Rosa Creek in Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, California. An Archaeological Study of CA-SON-1269, a Prehistoric Site on Santa 1981 2836 Roscoe, J. and D. Fredrickson Rosa Creek. Archaeological Investigations at CA-SON-20, Santa Rosa, Sonoma Wickstrom, B. and D. 1982 2870 County, California. Fredrickson An Archaeological Investigation of a 13-Acre Parcel at 5619 Sonoma 1982 5046 Toso, J. and D. Fredrickson Highway, Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, California. Letter report regarding Monitoring at CA-SON-1269, Las Brisas 1983 6117 Hayes, J. Development, Santa Rosa, California. An Archaeological Reconnaissance of a Small Parcel at 5435 1984 6754 Origer, T. Montgomery Drive, Sonoma County, California An Archaeological Reconnaissance for the Proposed Calistoga Road 1985 6981 Extension to Montgomery Drive, Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, Origer, T. California. Archaeological Survey Report for Proposed Widening and Bike Lane 1986 8140 Construction at 04-Son-12 P.M. 21.4/23.1 04225-113550 and 04-Son-12 Fitzgerald, R. P.M. 23.1/25.6 04225-103750. An Archaeological Investigation of an 11.72-acre Parcel (A.P.N. 31- 1986 Villemaire, A. and D. 8174 070-20 ,23, 26) located on Montgomery Drive near Spring Lake, in Fredrickson Eastern Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, California. An Archaeological Survey for a Proposed Underground Water Conduit 1987 9116 Cole, W. in an Easterly Portion of Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, California. Justin Witt Page 5 October 13, 2017 An Archaeological Investigation of 7.11 Acres Located at 5490 Sonoma Bieling, D. and D. 1987 9349 Highway, Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, California. Fredrickson Archaeological Survey for Annadel State Park Unit Prescribed Fire Porter, C., R. Wilbur, and E. 1987 9382 Management Plan. Parkman An Archaeological Investigation of Two Parcels (A.P.N. 031-240-46, - 1987 Villemaire, A. and D. 9454 47), located at 5012 and 5018 Sonoma Highway, Santa Rosa, Sonoma Fredrickson County, California. An Archaeological Survey of Approximately Four Acres Situated along 1988 10259 Origer, T. Melita Road, Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, California. An Archaeological Study of the 17-acre Pedrazzini Property at 5441- 1990 11564 Haney, J. and D. Fredrickson 5443 Melita Road, Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, California. An Archaeological Survey of the Mattson Property at 5184 Sonoma 1991 13232 Origer, T. Highway, Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, California. An Archaeological Study of a 8.2-Acre Proposed Minor Subdivision Beard, V., T. Stevens, and D. 1992 14411 Located at 5643 Melita Rd. Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, CA. Fredrickson Cultural Resources Inventory of Annadel State Park, Sonoma County, Whatford, J. and A. 1993 15202 California Volume I Praetzellis Historic Evaluation and Documentation Emilio Silvestri Chicken House, 1993 15303 5643 Melita Road, Santa Rosa, CA 94505 Assessor Parcel Number: 031- Clark, S. 110-41. 16343 A Cultural Resource Management Plan for Annadel State Park Whatford, J. 1993 An Archaeological Study of the Lands of Streutker on Melita Road, 1994 16551 Compas, L. and A. Praetzellis Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, California. An Archaeological Study of the Lands of Helbakos at 6085 Melita Road, 1994 16552 Compas, L. and A. Praetzellis Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, California. 17460 Topography and Geology of SON-24 with Sketch Maps. Hahn, F. 1970 18461 Letter report regarding APN 031-090-34 Compas, L. 1996 A Cultural Resources Evaluation of the Austin Creek Village, 5151 and 1996 19036 Morre, G. 5165 Sonoma Highway, Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, CA. A Cultural Resources Evaluation of the Spring Meadow Subdivision, 1996 19043 Morre, G. Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, California. A Cultural Resources Survey for the Channel Drive Sewer Replacement 2000 22534 Beard, V. Project, Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, California. A Cultural Resources Study of 5394 Sonoma Highway (APN 031-120- Anthropological Studies 1999 22281 043) Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, California. Center A Cultural Resources Evaluation of the Lands of Mattson, 5184 Sonoma 2001 25055 Flynn, K. Highway, Lots 38 and 39, Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, CA. A Cultural Resources Study of the Proposed Melita Court Subdivision, Eastman, B., S. Psota, and A. 2003 27686 5490 Highway 12, Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, California. Praetzellis A Cultural Landscape Report for Annadel State Park, Sonoma County, Waghorn, A. and A. 2001 27780 California. Praetzellis A Cultural Resources Survey for the Oakmont Sewer Outfall Project, 2004 29190 Quinn, J. and V. Beard Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, California. A Cultural Resources Study of Approximately 5.23 Acres at 5171 and 2004 29430 Rhoades, R. and A. Praetzellis 5173 Sonoma Highway, Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, California. A Cultural Resources Survey for the Property at 5773 Melita Road, 2004 29809 Quinn, J. and V. Beard Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, California. A Cultural Resources Survey for the Property at 5815 Melita Road, 2004 29810 Quinn, J. and V. Beard Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, California. Request for SHPO Review of FCC Undertaking: SSUSA Prickett's 2005 30041 Thal, S. Nursery / SF-13240A. A Cultural Resources Survey for the Calistoga Village Project, Santa 2005 30969 Origer, T. Rosa, Sonoma County, California 5171-5173 Sonoma Hwy. Santa Rosa, California. Painter Preservation & 2004 31366 Planning A Cultural Resources Survey for the Spring Lake Village Extension 2007 33967 Steen, E. and T. Origer Project, Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, California. 34326 A Cultural Resources Survey of the Properties at 225 and 227 Indian Ledebuhr, S. and T. Origer 2007 Justin Witt Page 6 October 13, 2017 Creek Drive, Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, California A Cultural Resources Survey of the Property at 5150 Sonoma Highway, 2007 34334 Ledebuhr, S. and T. Origer Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, California Historical Evaluation of the House at 5150 Sonoma Highway, Santa 2009 36257 Beard, V. Rosa, Sonoma County, California. A Cultural Resources Survey of the Parcel at 5435 Montgomery Drive, 2009 36264 Beard, V. Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, California. A Cultural Resources Survey for the City of Santa Rosa Creek 2010 37608 Del Bondio, L. and T. Origer Restoration Project, Sonoma County, California. Archaeological Survey Report for an HM-124 Pavement Replacement 2013 45227 and Overlay Project in the City of Santa Rosa, California 4-SON-12, PM Pratt, T. 18.8-21.7 EA/ID: 4H5701/0413000159.

Table 2. Resources Identified through Archival Research at the NWIC Site Site Description Proximity to Trunk Sewer Citation Designation P-49-000034 Wymore Quarry Complex 305 feet Rubeiro 1993 P-49-000035 Cobblestone Quarry Complex 485 feet Whatford 1993 P-49-000079 Lithic scatter Within Tom Origer & Associates 2013a P-49-000081 Midden Immediately adjacent, likely extends within. Halladay 1956 P-49-000819 Midden Immediately adjacent, possibly extends Upson 1965 within. P-49-001191 Midden/lithic scatter Within Carpenter 1980 P-49-001192 Lithic scatter Immediately adjacent, likely extends within. Franco 2017 P-49-001293 House 335 feet McGuire 1981 P-49-001322 Lithic scatter 470 feet Whatford 1989 P-49-001432 Midden 450 feet Villemaire 1986 P-49-001472 Lithic scatter Within Whatford 1987 P-49-001510 Segment of the Southern Pacific 360 feet Whatford 1991 Railroad P-49-001553 Lithic scatter Within Origer and Loyd 1991 P-49-001760 Emilio Silvestri Chickenhouse 350 feet Clark 1993 P-49-001981 Prehistoric Site Peters #7 Within NWIC Base Maps P-49-001992 Midden Immediately adjacent, possibly extends Compas 1996 within. P-49-002263 Lithic scatter 200 feet Whatford 1988a P-49-002264 Lithic scatter Immediately adjacent, likely extends within. Whatford 1988b P-49-002499 Quarrying remains 525 feet Whatford 1993 P-49-003113 Floyd Gallo Residence 615 feet Eastman 2003 P-49-003224 Prickett's Nursery 530 feet Rhoades 2004 P-49-004130 5150 Sonoma Highway 250 feet Beard 2009 P-49-004517 Lithic scatter Immediately adjacent, likely extends within. Tom Origer & Associates 2013b P-49-004518 Lithic scatter Within Tom Origer & Associates 2013c P-49-004728 Violetti Road Quarry 425 feet Blake and Gmoser 2014 No # 5803 Melita Road 35 feet Franco, J.

Justin Witt Page 7 October 13, 2017

Materials Consulted

Anthropological Studies Center 1999 A Cultural Resources Study of 5394 Sonoma Highway (APN 031-120-043), Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, California. Document S-22281 on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park.

Baldrica, M. and D. Fredrickson 1978 An Archaeological Survey of the Santa Rosa Bible Church Property, Santa Rosa, California. Document S-1331 on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park.

Barrett, S. 1908 The Ethno-Geography of the Pomo and Neighboring Indians. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology Vol. 6, No. 1:1-322. University of California Press, Berkeley.

Barrow, E. 2017 Historical Resources Study for Phase 1 of the Los Alamos Trunk Sewer Replacement Project, Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, California. Document on file at the offices of Tom Origer & Associates, awaiting submittal to the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University.

Barrow, E. and T. Origer 2013 Archaeological Investigations for the Spring Lake Village Expansion and Annexation Project, Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, California. Document on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University.

Bean, L. and D. Theodoratus 1978 Western Pomo and Northeast Pomo. In California, edited by R. Heizer, pp. 289-305, Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 8, W. Sturtevant, general editor. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.

Beard, V. 2000 A Cultural Resources Survey for the Channel Drive Sewer Replacement Project, Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, California. Document S-22534 on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park.

2009 Historical Evaluation of the House at 5150 Sonoma Highway, Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, California. Document S-36257 on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park.

2009 A Cultural Resources Survey of the Parcel at 5435 Montgomery Drive, Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, California. S-36264 on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park.

2009 Primary Record for P-49-004130. Document on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University.

Justin Witt Page 8 October 13, 2017 Beard, V., T. Stevens, and D. Fredrickson 1992 An Archaeological Study of a 8.2-Acre Proposed Minor Subdivision Located at 5643 Melita Rd. Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, CA. Document S-14411 on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park.

Bell and Heymans 1888 Map of Sonoma County, California. Bell and Heymans, San Francisco.

Bieling, D. and D. Fredrickson 1987 An Archaeological Investigation of 7.11 Acres Located at 5490 Sonoma Highway, Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, California. Document S-9349 on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park.

Blake, J. and G. Gmoser 2014 Primary Record for P-49-004728. Document on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University.

Bowers, A. 1867 Map of Sonoma County, California. 2nd ed. A. Bowers.

Byrd, B., A. Whitaker, P. Mikkelsen, and J. Rosenthal 2017 San Francisco Bay-Delta Regional Context and Research Design for Native American Archaeological Resources, Caltrans District 4. On file at the Caltrans District 04 Office of Cultural Resource Studies, Oakland, California.

Caltrans 2017 Historic Bridge Inventory. http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/structur/strmaint/historic.htm. Accessed on September 20, 2017

Carpenter, N. 1980 Archaeological Site Record for P-49-001191. Document on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park.

Carpenter, N. and D. Fredrickson 1980 An Archaeological Investigation of the Folio Gardens Property. Document S-1914 on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park.

Clark, S. 1993a Historic Evaluation and Documentation Emilio Silvestri Chicken House, 5643 Melita Road, Santa Rosa, CA 94505 Assessor Parcel Number: 031-110-41. Document S-15303 on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park.

1993b Historic Resources Inventory Form for P-49-001760. Document on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University.

Cole, W. 1987 An Archaeological Survey for a Proposed Underground Water Conduit in an Easterly Portion of Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, California. Document S-9116 on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park.

Justin Witt Page 9 October 13, 2017 Compas, L. 1996a Continuation Sheet for P-49-001992. Document on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University.

1996b Letter report regarding APN 031-090-34. Document S-18461 on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park.

Compas, L. and A. Praetzellis 1994a An Archaeological Study of the Lands of Streutker on Melita Road, Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, California. Document S-16551 on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park.

1994b An Archaeological Study of the Lands of Helbakos at 6085 Melita Road, Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, California. Document S-16552 on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park.

Cowan, R. 1977 Ranchos of California: A List of Spanish Concessions 1775-1822 and Mexican Grants 1822- 1846. American Offset Printers, Los Angeles.

Davis, S. and D. Fredrickson 1981 Archaeological Survey Report for the Spring Meadows Development Project, Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, California. Document S-2754 on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park.

Del Bondio, L. and T. Origer 2010 A Cultural Resources Survey for the City of Santa Rosa Creek Restoration Project, Sonoma County, California. Document S-37608 on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park.

Department of Parks and Recreation 1976 California Inventory of Historical Resources. State of California, Sacramento.

Drury, R. 1896 Map of the City of Santa Rosa and Vicinity, Sonoma Co., Cal. Copyrighted by Newton V. V. Smyth.

Eastman, B. 2003 Primary Record for P-49-003113. Document on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University.

Eastman, B., S. Psota, and A. Praetzellis 2003 A Cultural Resources Study of the Proposed Melita Court Subdivision, 5490 Highway 12, Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, California. Document S-27686 on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park.

Erlandson, J. T. Rick, T. Jones, J. Porcasi 2007 One if by Land, Two if by Sea: Who Were the First Californians? In: California Prehistory: Colonization, Culture, and Complexity. (pp 53-62) T. Jones and K. Klar, editors. AltaMira Press. Lanham, MD. Justin Witt Page 10 October 13, 2017

Fitzgerald, R. 1986 Archaeological Survey Report for Proposed Widening and Bike Lane Construction at 04-Son-12 P.M. 21.4/23.1 04225-113550 and 04-Son-12 P.M. 23.1/25.6 04225-103750. Document S-36595 on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park.

Flynn, K. 2001 A Cultural Resources Evaluation of the Lands of Mattson, 5184 Sonoma Highway, Lots 38 and 39, Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, CA. Document S-25055 on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park.

Franco, J. 2017 Primary Record for P-49-001192. Document on file at the offices of Tom Origer & Associates, awaiting submittal to the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University.

Franco, J. and E. Barrow 2017 Historical Resources Study for the Spring Lake Village East Grove Project, Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, California. Document on file at the offices of Tom Origer & Associates, awaiting submittal to the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University.

Fredrickson, D. 1984 The North Coastal Region. In California Archaeology, edited by M. Moratto. Academic Press, San Francisco.

General Land Office (GLO) 1859a Plat of part of the Rancho Cabeza de Santa Rosa, finally confirmed to J.R. Meyer and J.G. Isham. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C.

1859b Plat of the Rancho Los Guilicos. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C.

Gudde, E. G. 1960 California Place Names: The Origin and Etymology of Current Geographical Names. University of California Press, Berkeley.

Hahn, F. 1970 Topography and Geology of SON-24 with Sketch Maps. Document S-17460 on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park.

Halladay, R. 1956 Archaeological Site Survey Record for P-49-000081. Document on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University.

Haney, J. and D. Fredrickson 1990 An Archaeological Study of the 17-acre Pedrazzini Property at 5441-5443 Melita Road, Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, California. Document S-11564 on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park.

Hayes, J. 1983 Letter report regarding monitoring results at archaeological site CA-SON-1269. Document S- 6117 on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park. Justin Witt Page 11 October 13, 2017

Hayes, J. and D. Fredrickson 1979 An Archaeological Site Evaluation of CA-SON-20 at the Proposed Construction Site for the Santa Rosa Bible Church, Santa Rosa, California: Final Report. Document S-1430 on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park.

Hoover, M. 1937 Historic Spots in California: Counties of the Coast Range. Stanford University Press. Stanford.

Hoover, M., H. Rensch, E. Rensch, and W. Abeloe 1966 Historic Spots in California. 3rd edition. Stanford University Press, Stanford.

Hoover, M., H. Rensch, E. Rensch, W. Abeloe, and D. Kyle 1990 Historic Spots in California. 4th edition. Stanford University Press, Stanford.

Hoover, M., H. Rensch, E. Rensch, W. Abeloe, and D. Kyle 2002 Historic Spots in California. 5th edition. Stanford University Press, Stanford.

Keter, T. and D. Fredrickson 1980 An Archaeological Survey of the McIntosh Property, Persimmon Acres, Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, California. Document S-1942, on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA.

Kniffen, F. 1939 Pomo Geography. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology, Vol. 36. Berkeley.

Kroeber, A. 1925 Handbook of the Indians of California. Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin 78, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.

LeBaron, G., D. Blackman, J. Mitchell, and H. Hansen 1985 Santa Rosa: A Nineteenth Century Town. Historia, Ltd. Santa Rosa, California.

Ledebuhr, S. and T. Origer 2007 A Cultural Resources Survey of the Properties at 225 and 227 Indian Creek Drive, Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, California. Document S-34326, on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA.

2007 A Cultural Resources Survey of the Property at 5150 Sonoma Highway, Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, California. Document S-34334, on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA.

McIntire and Lewis 1908 Official Map of the County of Sonoma, California. County of Sonoma, Santa Rosa, California.

McGuire, P. 1981 Standing Structures Inventory Form for P-49-001293. Document on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University.

Justin Witt Page 12 October 13, 2017 McLaughlin, R., V. Langenheim, A. Sarna-Wojcicki, R. Fleck, D. McPhee, C. Roberts, C. McCabe, and E. Wan 2008 Geologic and Geophysical Framework of the Santa Rosa 7.5' Quadrangle, Sonoma County, California. United States Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California.

McLendon, S. and R. Oswalt 1978 Pomo: Introduction. In California, edited by R. Heizer, pp. 274-288. Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 8, W. Sturtevant, general editor. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.

Meighan, C. 1955 Archaeology of the North Coast Ranges, California. Reports of the University of California Archaeological Survey No. 30. University of California, Berkeley.

Melero, R. and D. Fredrickson 1981 An Archaeological Study of the 1.64-acre Otterlee Property situated on Santa Rosa Creek in Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, California. Document S-2781 on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park.

Meyer, J. and P. Kaijankoski 2017 Discovering Sites: Geoarchaeological Approaches to Site Sensitivity and Predictive Modeling. In, San Francisco Bay-Delta Regional Context and Research Design for Native American Archaeological Resources, Caltrans District 4. B. Byrd, A. Whitaker, P. Mikkelsen, and J. Rosenthal. Pp 4-1 through 4-13. On file at the Caltrans District 04 Office of Cultural Resource Studies, Oakland, California.

Meyer, J. and J. Rosenthal 2007 Geoarchaeological Overview of the Nine Bay Area Counties in Caltrans District 4. Document S- 33600 on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park.

Miller, V. 1972 Soil Survey of Sonoma County, California. U.S. Department of Agriculture in cooperation with the University of California Agricultural Experiment Station.

Moratto, M. 1973 Archaeological Resources Along Route 12, East of Santa Rosa: An Impact Evaluation (Ref. 4- Son-12, W.A. 424620). Document S-2 on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park.

1984 California Archaeology. Academic Press, San Francisco.

Morre, G. 1996 A Cultural Resources Evaluation of the Austin Creek Village, 5151 and 5165 Sonoma Highway, Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, CA. Document S-19036 on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park.

1996 A Cultural Resources Evaluation of the Spring Meadow Subdivision, Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, California. Document S-19043 on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park.

Justin Witt Page 13 October 13, 2017 Munz, P. and D. Keck 1968 A California Flora. University of California Press, Berkeley.

National Park Service 1985 National Register Bulletin 24: Guidelines for Local Surveys. U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C.

Office of Historic Preservation 1995 Instructions for Recording Historical Resources. California Office of Historic Preservation, Sacramento.

2012 Historic Property Directory. Office of Historic Preservation, Sacramento.

Origer, E. and J. Loyd 1991 Archaeological Site Record for P-49-001553. Document on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University.

Origer, T. 1977a An Archaeological Survey of the Lindsay Property on Melita Road, Santa Rosa, California. Document S-441 on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park.

1977b An Archaeological Survey of the C.V. Cooper Parcel South of Melita Road, Santa Rosa, California. Document S-484 on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park.

1984 An Archaeological Reconnaissance of a Small Parcel at 5435 Montgomery Drive, Sonoma County, California. Document S-6754 on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park.

1985 An Archaeological Reconnaissance for the Proposed Calistoga Road Extension to Montgomery Drive, Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, California. Document S-6981 on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park.

1988 An Archaeological Survey of Approximately Four Acres Situated along Melita Road, Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, California. Document S-10259 on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park.

1991 An Archaeological Survey of the Mattson Property at 5184 Sonoma Highway, Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, California. Document S-13232 on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park.

2005 A Cultural Resources Survey for the Calistoga Village Project, Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, California. Document S-30969 on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park.

Origer, T. and D. Fredrickson 1981 An Archaeological Study for Northeast Santa Rosa Annexation 2-80/General Plan Amendment 80-7, Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, California. Document S-2595 on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park. Justin Witt Page 14 October 13, 2017

Painter Preservation & Planning 2004 5171-5173 Sonoma Hwy. Santa Rosa, California. Document S-31366 on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park.

Peugh, E.A. 1934 Map of Sonoma County, California. E.A. Peugh, Santa Rosa.

Porter, C., R. Wilbur, and E. Parkman 1987 Archaeological Survey for Annadel State Park Unit Prescribed Fire Management Plan. Document S-9382 on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park.

Pratt, T. 2013 Archaeological Survey Report for an HM-124 Pavement Replacement and Overlay Project in the City of Santa Rosa, California 4-SON-12, PM 18.8-21.7 EA/ID: 4H5701/0413000159. Document S-45227 on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park.

Quinn, J. and V. Beard 2004 A Cultural Resources Survey for the Oakmont Sewer Outfall Project, Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, California. Document S-29190 on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park.

2004 A Cultural Resources Survey for the Property at 5773 Melita Road, Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, California. Document S-29809 on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park.

2004 A Cultural Resources Survey for the Property at 5815 Melita Road, Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, California. Document S-29810 on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park.

Reynolds, W. and T. Proctor 1898 Illustrated Atlas of Sonoma County, California. Reynolds and Proctor, Santa Rosa.

Rhoades, R. 2004 Primary Record for P-49-003224. Document on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University.

Rhoades, R. and A. Praetzellis 2004 A Cultural Resources Study of Approximately 5.23 Acres at 5171 and 5173 Sonoma Highway, Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, California. Document S-29430 on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park.

Roscoe, J. 1981 Letter report regarding the Las Brisas Development - mitigation of impacts to archaeological site CA-SON-1269. Document S-2836 on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park.

Justin Witt Page 15 October 13, 2017

Roscoe, J. and D. Fredrickson 1980 An Archaeological Investigation of the Five Acre Sisikin Property, File No. 791030, Sonoma County, California. Document S-2037 on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park.

Rubiero, M. 1993 Metadata Sheet for P-49-000034. Document on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University.

Schroder, S.A. 1988 Archaeological Investigations at CA-SON-20B, Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, California. Document on file at the offices of Tom Origer & Associates, Santa Rosa, California.

Sonoma County Planning Department 1984 Sonoma County Landmarks. Sonoma County Planning Department, Santa Rosa.

Steen, E. and T. Origer 2007 A Cultural Resources Survey for the Spring Lake Village Extension Project, Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, California. Document S-33967 on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park.

Stewart, O. 1943 Notes on Pomo Ethnogeography. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology. Vol. 40, No. 2 pp.29-62

Thal, S. 2005 Request for SHPO Review of FCC Undertaking: SSUSA Prickett's Nursery / SF-13240A. Document S-30041 on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park.

Thompson, T.H. & Co. 1877 Historical Atlas Map of Sonoma County, California. T.H. Thompson & Co., Oakland.

Tom Origer & Associates 2013a Primary Record for P-49-000079. Document on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University.

2013b Primary Record for P-49-004517. Document on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University.

2013c Primary Record for P-49-004518. Document on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University.

Toso, J. and D. Fredrickson 1982 An Archaeological Investigation of a 13-Acre Parcel at 5619 Sonoma Highway, Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, California. Document S-5046 on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park.

Justin Witt Page 16 October 13, 2017 Upson, W. 1965 Archaeological Site Survey Record for P-49-000819. Document on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University.

United States Geological Survey 1916 Santa Rosa, California 15' map. Geological Survey, Washington, D.C.

1954a Santa Rosa, California 15’ map. Geological Survey, Washington, D.C.

1954b Santa Rosa, California 7.5’ map. Geological Survey, Washington, D.C.

1968 Santa Rosa, California 7.5’ map. Geological Survey, Washington, D.C.

1973 Santa Rosa, California 7.5' map. Geological Survey, Washington, D.C.

1980 Santa Rosa, California 7.5' map. Geological Survey, Washington, D.C.

1994 Santa Rosa, California 7.5' map. Geological Survey, Washington, D.C.

2016 Earth Explorer Database Search. United States Geological Survey, Washington, D.C. Website http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/ accessed on September 15, 2016.

Villemaire, A. 1989 Archaeological Site Record for P-49-001432. Document on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University.

Villemaire, A. and D. Fredrickson 1986 An Archaeological Investigation of an 11.72-acre Parcel (A.P.N. 31-070-20 ,23, 26) located on Montgomery Drive near Spring Lake, in Eastern Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, California. Document S-8174 on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park.

1987 An Archaeological Investigation of Two Parcels (A.P.N. 031-240-46, -47), located at 5012 and 5018 Sonoma Highway, Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, California. Document S-9454 on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park.

Waghorn, A. and A. Praetzellis 2001 A Cultural Landscape Report for Annadel State Park, Sonoma County, California. Document S- 27780 on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park.

Whatford, J. 1987 Archaeological Site Record for P-49-001472. Document on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University.

1988a Archaeological Site Record for P-49-002263. Document on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park.

1988b Archaeological Site Record for P-49-002264. Document on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park.

Justin Witt Page 17 October 13, 2017 1989 Archaeological Site Record for P-49-001322. Document on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University.

1991 Archaeological Site Record for P-49-001510. Document on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University.

1993 A Cultural Resource Management Plan for Annadel State Park. Document S-16343 on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park.

1993 Archaeological Site Record for P-49-000035. Document on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University.

1993 Archaeological Site Record for P-49-002499. Document on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University.

Whatford, J. and A. Praetzellis 1993 Cultural Resources Inventory of Annadel State Park, Sonoma County, California Volume I. Document S-15202 on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park.

Wickstrom, B. and D. Fredrickson 1982 Archaeological Investigations at CA-SON-20, Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, California. Document S-2870 on file at the Northwest Information Center, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park.