The Fight at Chichen Itza
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Traveling Women Professionals
Traveling Women Professionals: A Transnational Perspective on Mobility and Professionalism of Four Women at the End of the Nineteenth and the Beginning of the Twentieth Century Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doctor philosophiae (Dr. phil.) der Philosophischen Fakultät der Universität Rostock vorgelegt von Peter Diderich, geb. 17.10.1983 in Rostock aus Rostock Rostock, 22.12.2017 Verteidigung: 16.07.2018 Gutachterinnen: Gesa Mackenthun, Institut für Anglistik/Amerikanistik, Philosophische Fakultät, Universität Rostock Gabriele Linke, Institut für Anglistik/Amerikanistik, Philosophische Fakultät, Universität Rostock Joanna Rostek, Institut für Anglistik, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen https://doi.org/10.18453/rosdok_id00002667 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 1 1. A Transnational Perspective on Women’s Careers 6 1.1. Theoretical Background to a Transnational Approach 6 1.2. Methodological Considerations 12 1.3. Thesis Outline 21 2. Starting a Career: Entering The Disciplines 24 2.1. Transnational Preconditions: Education and Aspirations 24 2.2. Early Engagements and Acceptable Positions 34 3. In-Between Worlds: Traveling Careers 44 3.1. In the Field, on the Front Lines, and in the War Zones 48 3.2. The Atlantic: An Ocean of Passages, Myths, News, and Networks 72 3.3. The Cost of a Transnational Life – Nowhere Home? 94 4. Professionalizations – Beyond the Frame 110 4.1. Home and Abroad: Multiplicity of Social Roles 112 4.2. Connections and Contestations 134 4.3. Transnational Feminism: Suffrage, Western Ideologies, Global Sisterhood 166 4.4. More Lives Than One: Disappearing and Disintegrating Careers 189 4.5. On the Tangibility of Absence: Legacies, Heritages, and Transnational Archives 209 5. The Multifaceted Female Voice: Travel and Language 233 5.1. -
Geoffrey E. Braswell, Nancy Peniche May, Y Lauren D. Hahn
Copyright © 2009 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. Contenido Lista de figuras iii Lista de tablas vi Agradecimientos vii 1. Excavaciones en la Gran Nivelación de Chichén Itzá llevadas a cabo por 1 cuerpo docente y estudiantes de posgrado de la UCSD: Marzo-julio 2009 Geoffrey E. Braswell, Nancy Peniche May, y Lauren D. Hahn 2. Operación AB: Excavaciones de la Muralla entre el Gran Juego de Pelota 42 y la entrada de la zona arqueológica Lauren D. Hahn y Geoffrey E. Braswell 3. Operación AC: Exploración de la sección este de la Gran Nivelación 109 durante el lapso del 21 de abril al 24 de julio Nancy Peniche May y Geoffrey E. Braswell 4. Análisis preliminar de los artefactos de piedra tallada recuperados por el 197 Proyecto Chichén Itzá: Marzo-mayo 2009 Lauren D. Hahn ii Lista de figuras Figura 1.1 Gran Nivelación de Chichén Itzá, señalando las Operaciones AB y AC 23 Figura 1.2 Planta de la Operación AC, pozos entre El Castillo y la Columnata Oeste 24 Figura 1.3 Dintel esculpido, Akab Dz’ib 24 Figura 1.4 Pintura mural restaurada, Templo Superior de los Jaguares 25 Figura 1.5 Chichén “Viejo” y Chichén “Nuevo” 26 Figura 1.6 Perfil, pisos de la Gran Nivelación 27 Figura 1.7 Etapa constructiva I, señalando la ubicación de la plataforma Rasgo AC16 27 Figura 1.8 Plataforma Rasgo AC16 28 Figura 1.9 Etapa constructiva II, señalando las plataformas Rasgo AC3 y Rasgo AC21 29 Figura 1.10 Plataforma Rasgo AC3 30 Figura 1.11 Etapa constructiva III, señalando la ubicación de la plataforma Rasgo AC10 31 Figura 1.12 Plataforma -
Early Explorers and Scholars
1 Uxmal, Kabah, Sayil, and Labná http://academic.reed.edu/uxmal/ return to Annotated Bibliography Architecture, Restoration, and Imaging of the Maya Cities of UXMAL, KABAH, SAYIL, AND LABNÁ The Puuc Region, Yucatán, México Charles Rhyne Reed College Annotated Bibliography Early Explorers and Scholars This is not a general bibliography on early explorers and scholars of Mexico. This section includes publications by and about 19th century Euro-American explorers and 19th and early 20th century archaeologists of the Puuc region. Because most early explorers and scholars recorded aspects of the sites in drawings, prints, and photographs, many of the publications listed in this section appear also in the section on Graphic Documentation. A Antochiw, Michel Historia cartográfica de la península de Yucatan. Ed. Comunicación y Ediciones Tlacuilo, S.A. de C.V. Centro Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N., 1994. Comprehensive study of maps of the Yucatan from 16th to late 20th centuries. Oversize volume, extensively illustrated, including 6 high quality foldout color maps. The important 1557 Mani map is illustrated and described on pages 35-36, showing that Uxmal was known at the time and was the only location identified with a symbol of an ancient ruin instead of a Christian church. ARTstor Available on the web through ARTstor subscription at: http://www.artstor.org/index.shtml (accessed 2007 Dec. 8) This is one of the two most extensive, publically available collections of early 2 photographs of Uxmal, Kabah, Sayil, and Labná, either in print or on the web. The other equally large collection, also on the web, is hosted by the Peabody Museum of Archeology and Ethnography, Harvard Univsrsity (which see). -
Yucatán Como Escenario Histórico En Los Textos De Alice Dixon Le Plongeon Y Maude Mason Austin*
Anuario de Historia Regional y de las Fronteras, vol.26 n.°2 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18273/revanu.v26n2-2021007 Yucatán como escenario histórico en los textos de Alice Dixon Le Plongeon y Maude Mason Austin* Resumen El presente artículo tiene como objetivo el análisis de la visión de Yucatán que ofrecen en sus obras dos autoras y viajeras anglosajonas: Alice Dixon Le Plongeon y Maude Mason Austin. Aunque pertenecen a cronologías distintas y sus actividades y experiencias fueron dispares, enlazan dos de los episodios más atractivos de la dinámica historia de la península. En la fiebre arqueológica por los monumentos prehispánicos yucatecos es donde se sitúa la británica Alice Dixon Le Plongeon, autora de Notes on Yucatán, publicadas en 1879, fruto de una larga estancia de trabajo junto a su marido, el arqueólogo Augustus Le Plongeon. La segunda protagonista de este estudio es Sue Mason Austin, habitualmente llamada Maude Mason Austin, que viajaría por el México posrevolucionario durante las dos primeras décadas del siglo XX y que nos dejaría un testimonio extraordinario titulado En Yucatán. Ambos trabajos construyen un retrato veraz de la región y de sí mismas en sus estrategias de representación. Palabras clave Tesauro: historia latinoamericana (México), viaje, biografías. Autora: Historia de Yucatán, Relatos de Viaje, Mayas, Alice Dixon Le Plongeon, Maude Mason Austin. Referencia bibliográfica para citar este artículo: Álvarez Cuartero, Izaskun. “Yucatán como escenario histórico en los textos de Alice Dixon Le Plongeon y Maude Mason Austin”. Anuario de Historia Regional y de las Fronteras 25.2 (2020): 181-218. Fecha de recepción:30/11/2021 Fecha de aceptación: 15/02/2021 Izaskun Álvarez Cuartero: Doctora en Historia por la Universidad de Deusto, España. -
Augustus and Alice Dixon Le Plongeon-Early Photographic
Augustus and Alice Dixon Le Plongeon: Early Photographic Documentation of Uxmal by Lawrence G. Desmond, Ph.D. Bibliographic citation: Desmond, Lawrence G. 1989 Augustus Le Plongeon and Alice Dixon Le Plongeon: Early Photographic Documentation at Uxmal, Yucatan, Mexico." In Mesoamerica: The Journal of Middle America, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 27-31, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico. Chichen Itza. Monjas on left. Perspective drawing by William Holmns. 1895. Uxmal. Adivino Pyramid on left. Perspective drawing by William Holmns. 1895. Documentation of the Maya archaeological sites of Uxmal and Chichen Itza had its beginnings in the seventeenth-century with descriptions by the historian Diego Lopez de Cogolludo, and then early in the nineteenth-century with the drawings of the artist- Frederic Waldeck adventurer Count Frederic Waldeck in the 1830s, and the magnificent illustrations of Frederick Catherwood in the 1840s. Then in 1860, the French explorer Desire Charnay successfully made a number of photographic views of Uxmal. It was not until 1875 that detailed and systematic photographic recording was accomplished at Uxmal by Augustus and Alice Dixon Le Plongeon. Augustus' photographic expertise Augustus Le Plongeon! --1870s-- Alice Dixon extended back to the 1850s in San Francisco when he rented space on Clay Street for a studio. He was noted for his successful Daguerreotypes of squirming children taken "in good style in 2 seconds." Seeing new opportunities for a photographer in Peru, he opened a studio in Lima in 1862, and traveled widely in the Andean area photographing archaeological sites. A few years later he wrote in the Photographic Times, "Photography since I learned its first rudiments in 1852, has fascinated me, and has been to my mind a kind of enchanted ground" (1879:79). -
2001 Augustus Le Plongeon- Early Mayanist, Archeologist, Photographer
Augustus Le Plongeon (1826-1908): Early Mayanist, archaeologist, and photographer by Lawrence G. Desmond, Ph.D. Senior Research Fellow in Archaeology Mesoamerican Archive and Research Project Peabody Museum, Harvard University Bibliographic citation: Desmond, Lawrence G. 2001 Augustus Le Plongeon. In, David Carrasco, Ed., Oxford Encyclopedia of Mesoamerican Cultures, 3 Vols., New York, Oxford University Press, Vol. 2, pp. 117-118. Augustus Le Plongeon, a nineteenth century Mayanist, was born on the Island of Jersey on May 4, 1826, and attended the Ecole Polytechnique in Paris. In his twenties he became intrigued by life in the Americas and traveled to Chile where he taught mathematics, drawing, and languages at a college in Valparaiso. On hearing of the Gold Rush, he sailed for San Francisco in 1849. He then applied his technical skills as a surveyor and drew a plan for the layout of the town of Marysville in the Central Valley of California in 1851. By 1855 he had moved to Augustus Le Plongeon, ca 1873. San Francisco and opened a Daguerreotype portrait studio on Clay Photo by Alice Dixon Le Street. Plongeon. In 1862, Le Plongeon left San Francisco and moved to Lima, Peru where he began using the wet collodion glass-plate negative process for studio portraits, and to record the ancient ruins. It was this same photographic process that he was to use in the 1870s and 1880s in Yucata'n to document archaeological sites because of its superior sharpness and long tonal range. He traveled extensively in Peru for eight years visiting and photographing the ancient ruins. -
Review/Reseña Women's Liberation Through Archaeology in Yucatán
Vol. 7, No. 2, Winter 2010, 336-343 www.ncsu.edu/project/acontracorriente Review/Reseña Lawrence Gustave Desmond, ed. Yucatán Through Her Eyes. Alice Dixon Le Plongeon, Writer & Expeditionary Photographer. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2009. Women’s Liberation Through Archaeology in Yucatán Gesa Mackenthun Rostock University In 2004, Lawrence Desmond discovered a hitherto unpublished manuscript, as well as numerous field notes and photographs, by Alice Dixon Le Plongeon at the Getty Research Institute in Los Angeles. The volume under review includes the text of that diary, complemented by two narratives: first, a description of the historical and biographical context in which Alice Le Plongeon’s diary was written—more precisely, a biography of its author; and, secondly, a narrative of its recent discovery. Both narratives, as well as the document here printed for the first time, take us into the world of early archaeological scholarship in the second half of the nineteenth century. As the wife of the French entrepreneur and amateur archaeologist Auguste Le Plongeon (1826- 1908), Alice Dixon Le Plongeon (1851-1910) was one of the few illustrious Victorian women who traveled to exotic places as her Mackenthun 337 husband’s spouse and assistant but who also made her own reputation and career as a writer, ultimately outshining her husband as a public speaker and celebrity. The couple had spent eleven years (1873-84, interrupted by a few months stay in New York City in 1880) in various parts of Mesoamerica—above all in Yucatán, where they undertook substantial archaeological and photographic documentations of the Maya ruins at Chichen Itza and Uxmal, but also in Cozumel, Isla Mujeres, British Honduras, and Mexico City. -
Augustus and Alice Dixon Le Plongeon Papers, Circa 1840-1937, Bulk 1860-1910
http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt3z09r80d Online items available Finding Aid for the Augustus and Alice Dixon Le Plongeon Papers, circa 1840-1937, bulk 1860-1910 Beth Ann Guynn Finding Aid for the Augustus and 2004.M.18 1 Alice Dixon Le Plongeon Papers, circa 1840-1937, bulk 186... Descriptive Summary Title: Augustus and Alice Dixon Le Plongeon Papers Date (inclusive): circa 1840-1937 (bulk 1860-1910) Number: 2004.M.18 Creator/Collector: Le Plongeon, Augustus, 1826-1908 Physical Description: 39.4 Linear Feet(63 boxes) Repository: The Getty Research Institute Special Collections 1200 Getty Center Drive, Suite 1100 Los Angeles 90049-1688 [email protected] URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10020/askref (310) 440-7390 Abstract: The collection documents the archaeological excavations, fieldwork, research, and writings of the nineteenth-century photographers, antiquarians, and amateur archaeologists Augustus and Alice Dixon Le Plongeon, the first persons to systematically excavate and photograph the Maya sites of Chichén Itzá and Uxmal (1873-1886). The couple's pioneering work in documenting Maya sites and inscriptions with photography, which in many cases recorded the appearance of sites and objects that have subsequently been damaged or lost, was overshadowed in their own lifetimes by their theories of Maya cultural diffusion, and in particular by their insistence that the Maya founded ancient Egypt. The Le Plongeon's work, and evidence of their wide-ranging interests, is found in manuscripts, diaries, correspondence, and photographs. The collection also contains papers belonging to Maude and Henry Field Blackwell, who inherited the literary estate of the Le Plongeons. Request Materials: Request access to the physical materials described in this inventory through the catalog record for this collection. -
The Nineteenth Century Photographs of Alice Dixon Le Plongeon and Augustus Le Plongeon
The Nineteenth Century Photographs of Alice Dixon Le Plongeon and Augustus Le Plongeon A Catalog of Collections from: American Museum of Natural History, Donald Dixon Album, Getty Research Institute, Peabody Museum at Harvard University, Philosophical Research Society. by Lawrence G. Desmond, Ph.D. Senior Research Fellow in Archaeology Mesoamerican Archive and Research Project Peabody Museum, Harvard University Catalog funding from: National Endowment of the Humanities Grant RT-20746 The Getty Research Institute English Heritage and Lawrence G. Desmond © 2005 Lawrence G. Desmond, Ph.D. Contents Preface Acknowledgments Introduction to the Collections The Collections: A Historical Overview The Photography of Alice Dixon and Augustus Le Plongeon Catalog Organization and Materials Description Summary of Collections by Subject Matter Locations of Original Dixon/Le Plongeon Photographic Materials Location of Duplicated Dixon/Le Plongeon Photographic Materials Selected Bibliography The Catalog Collection I. American Museum of Natural History Museum & Catalog Number Cross-Index I Museum & Catalog Number Cross-Index II Collection II. Donald Dixon Album Collection III. Getty Research Institute Museum & Catalog Number Cross-Index I Museum & Catalog Number Cross-Index II Collection IV. Peabody Museum at Harvard University Museum & Catalog Number Cross-Index Collection V. Philosophical Research Society Museum & Catalog Number Cross-Index I Museum & Catalog Number Cross-Index II ii They knew the importance of Alice and Augustus’ photographs from the start. This work is dedicated with great respect to— Pearl Thomas, Librarian, Philosophical Research Society and Manly P. Hall, its founder. iii Preface The 1,034 negatives, prints, tracings, and lantern slides cataloged in this five collection volume were made by Alice Dixon Le Plongeon and Augustus Le Plongeon during the last quarter of the nineteenth century and early twentieth century. -
The Mayas, the Source of Their History. Dr. Le Plongeon in Yucatan, His
THE MAYAS, THE SOURCES OF THEIR HISTOKY. DU. LE PLONGEON IN YUCATAN, HIS ACCOUNT OF DISCOVERIES. BY STEPHEN SALISBURY, JR. II FBOM PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY, OF APRIL 26, 1876, AND APRIL 25, 1877. PRIVATELY PRINTED. WORCESTER : PRESS OP CHARLES HAMILTON, 1877. WITH THE BESPECTS OF THE WEITEE. CONTENTS. THE MAYAS AND THE SOURCES OF THEIR HISTORY, Page 3 DR. LE PLONGEON IN YUCATAN, " 53 ILLUSTRATIONS. MAP OP YUCATAN, FRONTISPIECE. LOCALITY OF DISCOVERIES AT CHICHEN-ITZA, Page 58 " STATUE EXHUMED AT CHICHEN-ITZA, 62 RELICS FOUND WITH THE STATUE, 74 THE EEUOTYFEPffiHTiNeCo. 220 DEYQHSKIRE ST. Bosron AHGRPP I I (l;l;AI;Y Sit, THE MAYAS AND THE SOUEOES OP THEIR HISTORY. (.Proceedings of American Antiquarian Society, April 26, 1876.] THE most comprehensive and accurate map of Yucatan is that which has been copied for this pamphlet. In the several volumes of travel, descriptive of Maya ruins, are to be found plans more or less complete, intended to illustrate special journeys, but they are only partial in their treatment of this interestkig country. The Piano de Yucatan, here- with presented the work of Sr. Dn. Santiago Nigra de San Martin was published in 1848, and has now become ex- tremely rare. It is valuable to the student, for it designates localities abounding in ruins those not yet critically explored, as well as those which have been more thoroughly investigated by a peculiar mark, thus d, and it also shows roads and paths used in transportation and communication. Since its publication political changes have caused the divi- sion of the Peninsula into the States of Yucatan and Cam- peachy, which change of boundaries has called for the preparation of a new and improved map. -
Bringing Augustus Le Plongeon Into Focus 1988
OF FACTS AND HEARSAY: BRINGING AUGUSTUS LE PLONGEON INTO FOCUS by Lawrence G. Desmond, Ph.D. Bibliographic reference: Desmond, Lawrence G. 1988 Of Facts and Hearsay: Bringing Augustus Le Plongeon into Focus. In, Andrew L. Christenson, Ed., Tracing Archaeology's Past, Southern Illinois University Press, pp.139-150. False facts are highly injurious to the progress of science, for they often long endure; but false views, if supported by some evidence, do little harm, as every one takes a salutary pleasure in proving their falseness; and when this is done, one path towards error is closed, and the truth is often at the same time opened. —Charles Darwin, The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex SEARCHING FOR AUGUSTUS LE PLONGEON It is hard to find a person with a less attractive image in the history of American archaeology than that of Augustus Le Plongeon. He was thrust, suddenly, into my life in 1977 when I was teaching a class on Mesoamerican archaeology at Foothill College in California. I thought it important that my students should have some background on the history of Mayan studies, so in preparing for a lecture, I read Robert Wauchope's account of Le Plongeon in his book Lost Tribes and Sunken Continents. According to Robert Wauchope, Le Plongeon's "arrogant flaunting of his own ego produced a lurid epoch in the history of American archaeology" (1962:8). The idea that a "lurid epoch" could be produced by one archaeologist seemed an overstatement, but, intrigued, I looked for more background material. Robert Brunhouse's book about eight archaeologists, In Search of the Maya, published a decade later, gave a somewhat more balanced view of Le Plongeon. -
Graphic and Photographic Documentation
1 Uxmal, Kabah, Sayil, and Labná http://academic.reed.edu/uxmal/ return to Annotated Bibliography Architecture, Restoration, and Imaging of the Maya Cities of UXMAL, KABAH, SAYIL, AND LABNÁ The Puuc Region, Yucatán, México Charles Rhyne Reed College Annotated Bibliography Graphic and Photographic Documentation This is not a general bibliography on the graphic and photographic documentation of the Maya. This section includes publications of and about 19th and early 20th century graphic and photographic documentation of Maya archaeological sites in the Puuc region. Because these were mostly made by early explorers and scholars, many of the publications listed in this section appear also in the section on Early Explorers and Scholars. A Abrams, H. Leon, Jr. “Justin Kerr’s Innovative Contribution to Maya Archaeology”. Katunob: A Newsletter-Bulletin on Meso-American Anthropology. Vol. 10, No. 2 (1977): 19-22. Greeley, Colorado: University of Northern Colorado. Adkins, Lesley, and Roy A. Adkins Archaeological illustration. Cambridge Manuals in Archaeology. Cambridge University Press, 1989. A clearly presented manual describing the various purposes, approaches, conventions, and techniques for archaeological drawings. The number of different types of drawings explained is impressive and necessary for anyone attempting to understand such drawings, especially if attempting to use such drawings as evidence. For each chapter there is a useful annotated list of recommended sources. Photographic documentation is not discussed. 2 Antochiw, Michel Historia cartográfica de la península de Yucatan. Ed. Comunicación y Ediciones Tlacuilo, S.A. de C.V. Centro Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N., 1994. Comprehensive study of maps of the Yucatan from 16th to late 20th centuries.