Submission to IEEE Computer An empirical comparison of C, C++, Java, Perl, Python, Rexx, and Tcl Lutz Prechelt (
[email protected]) Fakult¨at f¨ur Informatik, Universit¨at Karlsruhe D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany +49/721/608-4068, Fax: +49/721/608-7343 http://wwwipd.ira.uka.de/˜prechelt/ March 14, 2000 Summary memory consumption, and reliability. 80 implementations of the same set of requirements are We will consider the languages both individually and compared for several properties, such as run time, memory combined into groups: Perl, Python, Rexx, and Tcl and consumption, source text length, comment density, program often called scripting languages and will form one group structure, reliability, and the amount of effort required for called the script group. The name scripting language com- writing them. The results indicate that, for the given pro- monly refers to languages that are for instance (more or gramming problem, which regards string manipulation and less) interpreted rather than compiled, at least during the search in a dictionary, “scripting languages” (Perl, Python, program development phase, and that do typically not re- Rexx, Tcl) are more productive than “conventional lan- quire variable declarations. The alternative are the more guages” (C, C++, Java). In terms of run time and mem- conventional programming languages which I will call the ory consumption, they often turn out better than Java and non-script group. These languages (C, C++, and Java) are not much worse than C or C++. In general, the differences more or less compiled and require typed variable declara- between languages tend to be smaller than the typical dif- tions.