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11 111 PHILOSOPHY OF MIND 11 11 Philosophy of Mind: Contemporary Readings is a comprehensive anthology that includes classic and contemporary readings from leading philosophers. Addressing most major topics within the philosophy of mind, O’Connor and Robb have carefully chosen articles under the following headings: • Substance Dualism and Idealism • Materialism • Mind and Representation 111 • Consciousness Articles by the following thinkers are included: Zimmerman Swinburne Lowe Robinson 11 Smart Kripke Zuboff Lewis Putnam Block Chalmers Fodor Dretske Searle Davidson Dennett Churchland Levine McGinn Jackson Carruthers Harman Hasker Lockwood Unger Kim 111 Each section is prefaced by an introductory essay written by the editors, which aims to guide the student gently into the topic. The book is highly accessible and provides a broad-ranging exploration of the subject including discussion of leading philosophers in the field. Ideal for any philosophy student, this book will prove essential reading for any philosophy of mind course. Timothy O’Connor is Associate Professor of Philosophy at Indiana University. He is editor of Agents, Causes, and Events: Essays on Indeterminism and Free Will (1995) and author of Persons and Causes: The Metaphysics of Free Will (2000). 111 David Robb is Assistant Professor of Philosophy at Davidson College. He is the author of several articles on metaphysics and the philosophy of mind. 11 Routledge Contemporary Readings in Philosophy Series Editor: Paul K. Moser, Loyola University of Chicago Routledge Contemporary Readings in Philosophy is a major new series of philosophy anthologies aimed at undergraduate students taking core philos- ophy disciplines. It is also a companion series to the highly successful Routledge Contemporary Introductions to Philosophy. Each book of read- ings provides an overview of a core general subject in philosophy offering students an accessible transition from introductory to higher-level under- graduate work in that subject. Each chapter of readings will be carefully selected, edited, and introduced. They will provide a broad overview of each topic and will include both classic and contemporary readings. Philosophy of Science Yuri Balashov and Alex Rosenberg Metaphysics Michael J. Loux Epistemology Michael Huemer with introduction by Robert Audi Philosophy of Mind Timothy O’Connor and David Robb 11 111 PHILOSOPHY OF MIND Contemporary Readings 11 11 Edited by Timothy O’Connor and David Robb 111 11 111 111 11 First published 2003 by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane, London ECP4 4EE Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group This edition published in the Taylor and Francis e-Library, 2005. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.” Editorial matter © 2003 David Robb and Timothy O’Connor All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Philosophy of mind: contempory readings/edited by Timothy O’Connor and David Robb. p. cm. – (Routledge contemporary readings in philosophy) Designed to be used with: Philosophy of mind/John Heil. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Philosophy of mind. I. O’Connor, Timothy, 1965– II. Robb, David, 1966– III. Heil, John. Philosophy of mind. IV. Series. BD418.3.P47 2003 128′.2–dc21 2002044532 ISBN 0-203-98769-1 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0–415–28353–1 (hbk) ISBN 0–415–28354–X (pbk) 11 111 CONTENTS 11 11 List of contributors ix Preface xi PART I: SUBSTANCE DUALISM AND IDEALISM 1 Introduction 3 Further Reading 10 111 IA SUBSTANCE DUALISM 13 1 Dean W. Zimmerman, “Two Cartesian Arguments for the Simplicity of the Soul” 15 2 Richard Swinburne, “The Soul” 30 11 IB THE PROBLEM OF INTERACTION 47 3 E.J. Lowe, “The Problem of Psychophysical Causation” 49 4 Jaegwon Kim, “Lonely Souls: Causality and Substance Dualism” 65 IC IDEALISM 79 111 5 Howard Robinson, “The General Form of the Argument for Berkeleian Idealism” 81 Questions 103 PART II: MATERIALISM 105 Introduction 107 Further Reading 118 111 IIA THE IDENTITY THEORY 119 6 J.J.C. Smart, “Sensations and Brain Processes” and 11 “Postscript (1995)” 121 v CONTENTS 7 Saul A. Kripke, “Naming and Necessity” 138 8 Jaegwon Kim, “Multiple Realization and the Metaphysics of Reduction” 159 9 Arnold Zuboff, “The Story of a Brain” 185 IIB FUNCTIONALISM 195 10 David Lewis, “Reduction of Mind” 197 11 Hilary Putnam, “The Nature of Mental States” 210 12 Ned Block, “Troubles with Functionalism” 222 13 David J. Chalmers, “Absent Qualia, Fading Qualia, Dancing Qualia” 234 Questions 255 PART III: MIND AND REPRESENTATION 257 Introduction 259 Further Reading 267 IIIA INTENTIONALITY 269 14 Jerry A. Fodor, “Meaning and the World Order” 271 15 Fred Dretske, “Representational Systems” 304 16 John R. Searle, “Minds, Brains, and Programs” 332 IIIB PROPOSITIONAL ATTITUDES AND ELIMINATIVISM 353 17 Donald Davidson, “Thought and Talk” 355 18 Daniel C. Dennett, “True Believers: The Intentional Strategy and Why It Works” 370 19 Paul M. Churchland, “Eliminative Materialism and the Propositional Attitudes” 391 Questions 413 PART IV: CONSCIOUSNESS 415 Introduction 417 Further Reading 424 IVA THE PROBLEM OF PHENOMENAL CONSCIOUSNESS 425 20 Joseph Levine, “Materialism and Qualia: The Explanatory Gap” 427 21 Colin McGinn, “Can We Solve the Mind–Body Problem?” 438 22 Frank Jackson, “What Mary Didn’t Know” 458 vi CONTENTS 11 IVB MATERIALIST THEORIES OF CONSCIOUSNESS 465 23 David Lewis, “What Experience Teaches” 467 24 Gilbert Harman, “The Intrinsic Quality of Experience” 491 25 Peter Carruthers, “Brute Experience” 510 111 IVC CONSCIOUSNESS AND ALTERNATIVE VARIETIES OF DUALISM 523 26 William Hasker, “Emergent Dualism” 525 27 Michael Lockwood, “The Grain Problem” 542 11 28 Peter Unger, “The Mystery of the Physical and the Matter of Qualities: A Paper for Professor Shaffer” 560 11 Questions 590 Index 591 111 11 111 111 11 vii RUNNING HEAD 11 111 CONTRIBUTORS 11 11 Ned Block is Professor of Philosophy and Psychology at New York University. Peter Carruthers is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Maryland. David J. Chalmers is Professor of Philosophy and Director of the Center for Consciousness Studies at the University of Arizona. 111 Paul M. Churchland is Professor of Philosophy at the University of California, San Diego. Donald Davidson is Willis S. and Marion Slusser Professor of Philosophy 11 at the University of California, Berkeley. Daniel C. Dennett is University Professor, Austin B. Fletcher Professor of Philosophy, and Director of the Center for Cognitive Studies at Tufts University. 111 Fred Dretske is Senior Research Scholar at Duke University and Emeritus Professor of Philosophy at Stanford University. Jerry A. Fodor is State of New Jersey Professor of Philosophy at Rutgers University. Gilbert Harman is Stuart Professor of Philosophy at Princeton University. William Hasker is Emeritus Professor of Philosophy at Huntington College. 111 Frank Jackson is Professor of Philosophy in the Philosophy Program, 11 Research School of Social Sciences at the Australian National University. ix CONTRIBUTORS Jaegwon Kim is William Herbert Perry Faunce Professor of Philosophy at Brown University. Saul A. Kripke was McCosh Professor of Philosophy at Princeton University until his retirement in 1998. He is currently Visiting Professor of Philosophy at the City University of New York Graduate Center. Joseph Levine is Professor of Philosophy at Ohio State University. David Lewis was, until his death in 2001, the Class of 1943 University Professor of Philosophy at Princeton University. Michael Lockwood is Lecturer in Philosophy in the Department for Continuing Education at Oxford University. E.J. Lowe is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Durham. Colin McGinn is Professor of Philosophy at Rutgers University. Hilary Putnam is Emeritus Professor of Philosophy at Harvard University. Howard Robinson is Professor of Philosophy at Central European University and Honorary Research Fellow in the Department of Philosophy at the University of Liverpool. John R. Searle is Mills Professor of the Philosophy of Mind and Language at the University of California, Berkeley. J.J.C. Smart was Professor of Philosophy at the Research School of Social Sciences at the Australian National University from 1976 until his retire- ment at the end of 1985. He is currently an Honorary Research Fellow in the Department of Philosophy at Monash University. Richard Swinburne is Emeritus Nolloth Professor of the Philosophy of the Christian Religion and Emeritus Fellow of Oriel College, Oxford University. Peter Unger is Professor of Philosophy at New York University. Dean W. Zimmerman is Associate Professor of Philosophy at Rutgers University. Arnold Zuboff is Lecturer in Philosophy at University College London. x 11 111 PREFACE 11 The sciences of the mind have grown rapidly since the mid-twentieth century. There is now a sizeable body of empirical knowledge concerning the structures and processes in the human brain which underpin, e.g., 11 thought, sensation, and emotion. More generally, the interdisciplinary field of cognitive science is burgeoning on several fronts. Contemporary philo- sophical reflection about the mind – which has been quite intensive – has been influenced by this empirical inquiry, to the extent that the boundary lines between them are blurred in places. Nonetheless, the philosophy of mind at its core remains a branch of metaphysics, traditionally conceived. Philosophers continue to debate 111 foundational issues in terms not radically different from those in vogue in previous eras. The present volume gathers together some of the best recent writing on such issues.

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