Piùeuropei N° 77 16-30 Aprile 2021

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Piùeuropei N° 77 16-30 Aprile 2021 16-30 Aprile 2021 Pag. 1 Quindicinale attualità - politica - cultura e società - ambiente dell’europa N° 77 Anno IV / 16-30 Aprile 2021 Occhio alla Libia Una poltrona per due di Fabio Morabito La prima visita ufficiale all’estero del nuovo capo del governo ita- liano è stata la più logica e signi- ficativa che potesse essere. Mario Draghi il 6 aprile scorso è andato in Libia, a Tripoli, a incontrare Abdul Hamid Dbelbah, il premier che da poche settimane è alla gui- da un governo di Unità nazionale. Una “missione italiana” perché sono molto importanti gli inte- ressi del nostro Paese in questa regione. Ma anche una “missione euro- pea” perché, seppure la trasferta non sia stata concordata con Bru- xelles, tutta l’Unione può trarne beneficio qualora Roma riuscisse a stabilire - o meglio, a ripristi- di Carlo Curti Gialdino niale solenne (c. d. “tappeto rosso”) il funzionamento dell’organizzazio- nare - un rapporto preferenziale 1. La recente visita ad Ankara del seguito nel suo Paese, allorché ai ne. La crisi, non a caso detta della con Tripoli. Magari non sarà con- presidente del Consiglio europeo, sensi dell’art. 59, par. 1, della Legge “sedia vuota”, fu risolta soltanto tenta la Francia, sempre molto Charles Michel, e della presidente fondamentale il presidente federale, durante la riunione straordinaria del competitiva nelle nostre zone di della Commissione europea, Ursula che rappresenta la Federazione nel- Consiglio, tenuta a Lussemburgo il influenza; ma Palazzo Chigi ha von der Leyen, per incontrare il pre- le relazioni internazionali, procede a 29 e 30 gennaio 1966, che vi dedi- certo messo in conto anche que- sidente turco Recep Tayyip Erdogăn ricevere i rappresentanti diplomati- cò un apposito passaggio al punto 3 sto, valutando con Parigi posizioni e talune vicende occorse in tale oc- ci. Invero, dal 1951 al 1958, Hallstein delle conclusioni. Vi si legge che “le comuni e un’idea di collaborazio- casione, oggetto di uno straordina- aveva assistito a decine di queste credenziali dei Capi missione degli ne che fino a poco tempo fa non rio impatto mediatico, inducono a cerimonie allorché svolgeva a Bonn Stati terzi accreditate presso le Co- poteva sembrare possibile. riflettere su regole e prassi della rap- le funzioni di segretario di Stato agli munità saranno presentate al presi- In Africa, e prima di tutto in Libia, presentanza internazionale dell’U- Affari Esteri. Questa postura pre- dente del Consiglio e al presidente è necessario che l’Europa sappia nione sia sotto il profilo competen- sidenziale di Hallstein non poteva della Commissione all’uopo riuniti”. muoversi secondo il modello ita- ziale sia sotto quello cerimoniale. essere tollerata da de Gaulle, che, Si trattava, tuttavia, di una proce- liano. Il nostro Paese, con i suoi Vale la pena di ricordare, anzitutto, per questo ed altri più fondamenta- dura poco pratica per la difficoltà di difetti, ha un altro modo di affac- che il riparto di attribuzioni con ri- li motivi (quali il passaggio dal voto riunire a Bruxelles contemporanea- ciarsi al di là del Mediterraneo di guardo alla rappresentanza dell’U- all’unanimità alla maggioranza qua- mente il ministro degli Esteri dello nione europea sul piano internazio- lificata, nonché questioni correlate Stato membro che assicurava la pre- quello che stanno proponendo la nale è questione assai risalente nel alla politica agricola) ordinò ai rap- sidenza semestrale del Consiglio, il Turchia, la Russia, e in altri terri- tempo, che si pose già all’epoca del- presentanti ministeriali della Francia presidente della Commissione e gli tori d’Africa la Cina. In Libia il mo- le Comunità europee. Basti pensare di non partecipare più alle riunioni ambasciatori degli Stati terzi in atte- dello italiano esportato dall’Eni che, nel giugno 1965, fra le doglianze del Consiglio CEE, bloccando di fatto sa di presentare le credenziali. Ven- - ad esempio - non è quello di in- francesi nei confronti nero quindi convenute tra gegneri stranieri e mano d’opera del presidente della Consiglio e Commissione locale. L’Eni forma ingegneri libici. Commissione euro- Il giallo del divano: delle modalità pratiche, Utilizza le risorse della Libia, trae pea Walter Hallstein tuttora applicate, secon- benefici importanti, fa affari. Ma figurava pure il ruolo le conseguenze do le quali le lettere cre- Frida non sfrutta. Aiuta a crescere. delle istituzioni Con- denziali devono essere C’è attenzione a Tripoli, e non siglio e Commissione Pag. 6 stabilite in due esempla- solo retorica, sul ruolo che Roma nell’accreditamento ri originali, di contenu- può avere nell’aiutare a un futuro degli ambasciatori to identico, destinate al di pace, democrazia e benessere. degli Stati terzi pres- presidente del Consiglio Si parla in questi giorni perfino di so le Comunità. Gli europeo e a quello della ripristinare i quartieri italiani del- ambasciatori, infat- Commissione e a loro pre- la capitale, la rivalutata architet- ti, presentavano le sentate separatamente lo tura dell’Italia coloniale. Non si loro credenziali ad stesso giorno (prescrizio- tratta quindi solo di appalti sulle Hallstein, che aveva ne, tuttavia, quest’ultima, fatto riprodurre a continua a pagg. 2-3 Bruxelles il cerimo- continua a pagg. 8-12 Pag. 2 16-30 Aprile 2021 Occhio alla Libia. Draghi a Tripoli, missione europea La visita di Mario Draghi a Tripoli, qui con il premier libico Abdul Hamid Dbelbah continua da pag. 1 due Paesi”. giato le milizie di Khalifa Haftar per Casa Bianca, significa depotenziare Unico. è vero. L’Italia si sta muoven- conquistare Tripoli dove si era in- la minaccia del terrorismo, e stabi- risorse naturali, ma di impegno sulla do bene. Draghi è il primo capo di sediato legittimamente il governo lizzare una regione geograficamente ricostruzione e modernizzazione del governo europeo ad essere accolto guidato da Al Serraj. E la Francia già strategica. E sulla Libia si sono mos- Paese. Si è parlato, nell’incontro del in visita ufficiale a Tripoli, ma non è dieci anni fa fu la prima responsabile se Russia e Turchia, con interessi 6 aprile scorso, di togliere la polvere tanto questo a significare qualcosa: della cinica e mal pensata operazio- che non possono tranquillizzare Wa- della guerra civile da accordi impor- subito dopo di lui, lo stesso giorno, ne militare che portò al rovescia- shington. Joe Biden ha certo le idee tanti come la costruzione dell’auto- è stato ricevuto da Abdul Hamid mento di Muammar Gheddafi. più chiare di Trump, non fosse altro strada lungo la costa, concordata Dbelbah il premier greco Kyriakos Gli Stati Uniti, anche con la presi- per la sua decennale esperienza po- quando primo ministro in Italia era Mītsotakīs, che poi si è intrattenuto denza Donald Trump, non hanno litica. ancora Silvio Berlusconi e quando in un colloquio a due con Draghi. Ma mai smesso di avere attenzione per Che Washington guardi con fiducia a capo della Libia c’era il dittatore il merito della diplomazia italiana è la situazione della Libia, continuan- a Roma è dimostrato dal fatto che Muammar Gheddafi. altro. do a finanziare il Paese, e guardando Di Maio è stato, in questi giorni, il Questa di oggi sembra un’occasione La Farnesina ha preparato questo all’Italia come l’attore preferito per primo ministro degli Esteri ad esse- irripetibile. Ne è consapevole Dra- incontro con già due diversi missio- il ruolo di protagonista su questo re ricevuto dal nuovo Segretario di ghi: “È un momento unico per la ni con il ministro degli Esteri Luigi Di palcoscenico. Trump però dopo aver Stato Tony Blinken. Per parlare an- Libia - ha commentato in occasione Maio. E certamente, anche se non rassicurato tre anni fa l’allora pre- che di Tripoli e del ruolo italiano nel della sua visita - c’è un governo di risulta un accordo in questo senso, mer Giuseppe Conte del suo appog- Mediterraneo. unità nazionale legittimato dal Par- Roma si muove con l’appoggio di gio, non ha più dato segnali chiari su Dal punto di vista di Bruxelles, sta- lamento che sta procedendo alla ri- Washington, certo consapevole che come avrebbe preferito risolvere il bilizzare la Libia può significare ridi- conciliazione nazionale. Il momento l’Italia gioca una partita diversa di conflitto libico. mensionare l’emergenza dei migran- è unico per ricostruire quella che è quella della Francia, che ha appog- Eppure sciogliere il nodo Libia, dalla ti che dall’Africa affrontano via mare stata un’antica amicizia tra i nostri - in condizioni quasi sempre drammatiche - il sogno di ARCHI/LE À raggiungere l’Europa. E na- turalmente anche di migranti si è parlato nel vertice di Tri- poli. Draghi ha avuto parole di apprezzamento per quelle 1239 TUNISIA che ha definito “operazioni di salvataggio” della guardia COST ’AVORIO 1109 costiera libica. Ci sono state polemiche su questa dichia- razione diplomatica. Il modo BANGLADESH 915 con cui vengono fermati e trattenuti i migranti in Libia hanno poco a che fare con GUINEA 752 i diritti umani. Ma la strada per una politica umanitaria passa anche dalla forza che SUDAN 465 può avere l’attuale esperi- mento di governo in Libia. Che il nuovo governo riuscis- 430 ERITREA se a riscuotere il consenso di tutte le fazioni - nel voto “de- 0 300 600 900 1200 1500 centrato” a Sirte - è stata una (fonte: ministero dell'Interno per il 2021; dati per l'Italia fino alle ore 8 del 9 aprile sulle dichiarazione rese dagli stessi migranti) sorpresa per le stesse Nazio- 16-30 Aprile 2021 Pag. 3 Un’Italia forte nel Mediterraneo aiuta anche l’Africa ni Unite, che pure avevano favorito l’accordo che ha fatto nascere l’at- tuale esecutivo. Che la pacificazione sia assicurata anche per il futuro è - per ora - però più un’illusione che una ragionevole speranza.
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