DOCSLIB.ORG

Annual Report 2013 Saras Institute

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Annual Report 2013 Saras Institute ANNUAL REPORT 2013 SARAS INSTITUTE Ruta 10 km 86, Parada 21 al fondo Bella Vista, Maldonado - Uruguay Email: [email protected] Website: www.saras-insitute.org ANNUAL REPORT 3 Institute & Foundation The SARAS² Institute is a SARAS² Institute original idea emerged Gregory Randall and Omar Macadar joint initiative of Wageningen in Holland, a summer day of 2005. to engage into a collaborative process University (Netherlands), the At that time, the Institute’s goals and from the very beginning. University of Uruguay Republic preliminary structure were conceived (UdelaR, Uruguay), the Resilience and discussed by Marten Scheffer and During 2008 and 2009 the Institute Alliance, the Education and Néstor Mazzeo. entered into academic life through Culture Ministry of Uruguay the writing of scientific papers (Uruguay), and the Maldonado In January 2006 the first document and research projects, which Department(Uruguay). about mission, goals and structure were submitted to national and of the Institute was written with the international funding agencies. Some aid of Ruben Budelli. At this time, a approved projects enabled the Through the advisory board the meeting with Oscar de los Santos institute to put in place a Conference Institute has strong linkages – Major of Maldonado – helped to Cycle on relevant environmental with: the Beijer Institute of explore the feasibility of establishing topics for Latin America, held on a Ecological Economics (Sweden), the Institute at Maldonado County. yearly basis. This set of conferences the Stockholm Resilience Center The proposal was very well received started in 2010 and have continued (Sweden), the University of by local authorities and immediately since then: the first symposium in Wisconsin (USA), Arizona State a group was conformed (Jorge 2010 was on Sustainable Futures for University (USA), the University Hourcade, Ruben Budelli, Gabriel Hydric Resources in Latin America. of Waterloo (Canada), the Aintablian, Hugo Fort and Néstor Catholic University of Chile Mazzeo) to find the most appropriate In 2009 SARAS² received a substantial (CASEB, Chile), the Patagonic place to locate SARAS². financial support from the UdelaR, National Center CONICET the Ministry of Education and Culture (Argentina), the University of Since the summer of 2007, the SARAS² and, in 2011 also from the Maldonado Brasilia (Brazil), and the Doñana Advisory Board has been meeting in Department. These contributions have Biological Station-CSIC (Spain). Uruguay on a regular basis, to discuss been fundamental, and allowed to the strategy, agenda, goals and incorporate two members to the local actions. Simultaneously, the working team: Mariana Meerhoff and Nicolás team (Ruben Budelli, Hugo Fort, Marchand. Gabriel Aintablian and Néstor Mazzeo) contacted local authorities in the area Since 2009 several advances have of Science, Culture and Education: been made to consolidate the María Simón, Rodrigo Arocena, Institute facilities building process and saras-institute.org SARAS INSTITUTE the landscaping in the surrounding The Executive Committee is integrated area, as part of a joint effort with the by: Marten Scheffer, Osvaldo Sala, Architectural General Directorate Isabel Bortagaray, Ana Dubra, Néstor of UdelaR (Alvaro Cayón, Gonzalo Mazzeo, Mariana Meerhoff, Cecilia Lorenzo, Mariana Frances & Pedro Delgado, William Rodríguez, Mariella Berger) and the contribution of Amalia Busnadiego and Andrés Richero. Robledo, María Puppo and Carla Bruzzone on the landscape design. The Administrative Board of the SARAS² Foundation involves: Néstor As of July 2013, SARAS² turned into a Mazzeo (UdelaR representative), Omar Foundation, a milestone in the history Defeo (UdelaR representative), Osvaldo of the Institute. Currently, the financial Sala (Advisory Board representative), support mainly originates from the Mariana Meerhoff(Advisory Board Ministry of Education and Culture representative), Ricardo Pereira of Uruguay, the UdelaR and the (Maldonado representative), Virginia Maldonado Department. Fernández (MEC representative) and Matías Arim (Scientific members The advisory board is integrated by: representative). Marten Scheffer, Jordi Bascompte, Laurie Beth Clark, Steve Carpenter, Finally, the Fiscal Board of the SARAS² Omar Defeo, Carl Folke, Pablo Foundation involves: Lujan Criado Marquet, Osvaldo Sala, Ana Parma, (UdelaR representative), Gustavo Eduardo Viola, and Frances Westley. Morales (Udelar representative) and Julio Riella (Maldonado government representative). Scientific activities For the last four years there has been a round of four symposia. 2010 Continental aquatic resources 2011 Artisanal fisheries 2012 Transitions in terrestrial ecosystems 2013 Education for uncertainty In the context of a series of thematic years triggered by the UdelaR (Espacio Interdisciplinario Program), the thematic year 2013 was connected to SARAS² and was about the emerging properties of the interactions between social and ecological systems. ANNUAL REPORT 5 Networks SARAS can be considered a net of networks. The networks are organized about specific topics independently of the disciplinary background of the researchers. Early warning signals Current and future climate Adaptive management of the variability and the relationship with Laguna del Sauce (Maldonado- the Uruguayan productive sectors Uruguay) basin This network is aimed at developing This network is oriented to analyze methods and frameworks to identify the current and future scenario of The goal of this network is to early warning signals that could climate variability and the relationship develop and promote a set of anticipate radical changes or critical with the key productive sectors of adaptive strategies that enable the transitions. Uruguay. sustainability of the critical ecosystem services for the human wellbeing. Scientific papers 2009 2012 2012 Early-warning signals for critical Environmental warming in shallow Biomanipulation as a restoration transitions. lakes: a review of potential tool to combat eutrophication: Nature 416(3)53-59. changes in community structure recent advances and future as evidenced from space-for-time challenges. Marten Scheffer, Jordi Bascompte, William A. substitution approaches. Advances in Ecological Research Brock, Victor Brovkin, Stephen R. Carpenter, Advances in Ecological Research 47: 411-488. Vasilis Dakos, Hermann Held, Egbert H. van 46: 259-349. Nes, Max Rietkerk & George Sugihara. Erik Jeppesen, Martin Søndergaard, Mariana Meerhoff, Franco Teixeira-de Mello, Torben L. Lauridsen, Thomas A. Davidson, 2012 Carla Kruk, Cecilia Alonso, Iván González- Zhengwen Liu, Néstor Mazzeo, Carolina Anticipating Critical Transitions. Bergonzoni, Juan Pablo Pacheco, Gissell Trochine, Korhan Özkan, Henning S. Jensen, Science 338: 344:348. Lacerot, Matías Arim, Meryem Beklioğlu, Dennis Trolle, Fernando Starling, Xavier Sandra Brucet, Guillermo Goyenola, Carlos Lazzaro, Liselotte S. Johansson, Rikke Marten Scheffer, Stephen R. Iglesias, Néstor Mazzeo, Sarian Kosten & Bjerring, Lone Liboriussen, Søren E. Larsen, Carpenter,Timothy M. Lenton, Jordi Erik Jeppesen. Frank Landkildehus, Sara Egemose, & Bascompte, William Brock, Vasilis Dakos, Mariana Meerhoff. Johan van de Koppel, Ingrid A. van de Leemput, Simon A. Levin, Egbert H. van Nes, Mercedes Pascual & John Vandermeer. saras-institute.org SARAS INSTITUTE Training programs and postgraduate Postgraduate courses Technology Transfer Center Climate Change and Decision Water-city. Postgraduate course about Making, UNESCO-AVINA urban planning and conservation of crucial aquatic ecosystem services. In October 2013, the Climate Change 2012-2014. Coordinate by Arq. and Decision Making Regional Center Adriana Piperno and Dr. Néstor was launched. The center was created Mazzeo. by UNESCO, the AVINA Foundation and a network of universities and Synthetic networks. The integrated institutions of the South America management of the basin through countries. Its main objective is to synthetic fluvial networks. 2013. Prof. integrate the complexity, risks and Dr. Jose Barquín, Cantabria University, opportunities of climate change in Spain. The course is oriented to the decision-making processes of analyze the current state of the art public and private sectors in the in terms of management, planning, region. In this context, it will promote conservation and restoration of fluvial opportunities for exchange and ecosystems. discussion among leaders from various sectors who will share their PhD thesis experience, making the link with international leaders at the highest Rafael Bernardi. 2012-2015. level of the scientific, political and Grassland-forest transitions in entrepreneur and exchange learning subtropical South America. Supervised experiences in order to integrate by: Dr. Milena Holmgren, Dr. Marten climate change challenges in the Scheffer and Dr. Matías Arim. daily management of their strategies and institutions. SARAS² was actively Postdocs involved in the launching of the center. Carolina Crisci. 2012-2013. Implications of climatic variability on water quality of Laguna del Sauce. Supervised by: Dr. Rafael Terra & Dr. Néstor Mazzeo. ANNUAL REPORT 7 Outreach The SARAS² Institute is frequently In the last few years a comprehensive Currently, members of the Institute asked to participate in the study study of problems related to drinking are working on Agriculture Adaptation of relevant issues related to socio- water supply, the management of to Climatic Change (supported by ecological systems management, this resource
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Demographic Approach
    References [1] Lars A. Akslen and Flora Hartveit. Seasonal Variation in Melanoma Deaths and the Pattern of Disease Process. A Preliminary Analysis. Chronobiologia, 15:257–263, 1988. [2] M.R. Alderson. Season and mortality. Health Trends, 17:87–96, 1985. [3] Munther I. Aldoori and Sakhawat H. Rahman. Smoking and stroke: a causative role (Editorial). British Medical Journal, 317:961–962, 1998. [4] Paul D. Allison. Measures of Inequality. American Sociological Review, 43:865–880, 1978. [5] Paul D. Allison. Discrete-time methods for the analysis of event histo- ries. Sociological Methodology, 13:61–98, 1982. [6] Paul D. Allison. Survival Analysis Using the SAS System.SASInstitute Inc, Cary, NC, 1995. [7] Otto Andersen. Register data for research. Presentation given at the course “The data of Denmark”, Odense, DK, 30 April 2001, 2001. [8] H. Ross Anderson, Antonio Ponce de Leon, J. Martin Bland, Jonathan S. Bower, and David P. Strachan. Air pollution and daily mortality in London: 1987–92. British Medical Journal, 312:665–669, 1996. [9] Gunnar Andersson and Henriette Engelhardt. Zensus. In G¨unter Endru- weit and Gisela Trommsdorff, editors, W¨orterbuch der Soziologie.Lucius & Lucius, Stuttgart, D, 2002. [10] Kirill F. Andreev. Evolution of the Danish Population from 1835 to 2000. Odense Monographs on Population Aging 9. University Press of Southern Denmark, Odense, DK, 2002. [11] John Angus. Old and New Bills of Mortality; Movement of the Popula- tion; Deaths and Fatal Diseases in London During the Last Fourteen Years. Journal of the Statistical Society of London, 17:117–142, 1854. [12] Andrew B. Appleby. The Disappearance of Plague: A Continuing Puz- zle.
    [Show full text]
  • DOI: 10.1126/Science.289.5485.1766 , 1766 (2000); 289 Science Et Al
    Cholera Dynamics and El Niño-Southern Oscillation Mercedes Pascual, et al. Science 289, 1766 (2000); DOI: 10.1126/science.289.5485.1766 The following resources related to this article are available online at www.sciencemag.org (this information is current as of March 8, 2007 ): Updated information and services, including high-resolution figures, can be found in the online version of this article at: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/289/5485/1766 This article cites 9 articles, 3 of which can be accessed for free: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/289/5485/1766#otherarticles This article has been cited by 79 article(s) on the ISI Web of Science. This article has been cited by 19 articles hosted by HighWire Press; see: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/289/5485/1766#otherarticles This article appears in the following subject collections: on March 8, 2007 Medicine, Diseases http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/collection/medicine Information about obtaining reprints of this article or about obtaining permission to reproduce this article in whole or in part can be found at: http://www.sciencemag.org/about/permissions.dtl www.sciencemag.org Downloaded from Science (print ISSN 0036-8075; online ISSN 1095-9203) is published weekly, except the last week in December, by the American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1200 New York Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20005. Copyright c 2000 by the American Association for the Advancement of Science; all rights reserved. The title SCIENCE is a registered trademark of AAAS. R EPORTS Although some uncertainties exist about these cli- International Earth Science Information Network at million live within currently malarious areas that are matic responses (23), the medium-high scenario ftp://ftp.ciesin.org/pub/data/Grid_Pop_World.
    [Show full text]
  • ENSO and Cholera: a Nonstationary Link Related to Climate Change?
    ENSO and cholera: A nonstationary link related to climate change? Xavier Rodo´ *, Mercedes Pascual†‡, George Fuchs§¶, and A. S. G. Faruque§ *Climate Research Group, Center of Meteorology and Climatology, Barcelona Science Park, University of Barcelona, c͞Baldiri Reixach, 4-6, Catalunya, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; †Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; and §International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh Edited by Simon A. Levin, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, and approved July 8, 2002 (received for review April 5, 2002) We present here quantitative evidence for an increased role of Bengal allow us to compare here past and present patterns of interannual climate variability on the temporal dynamics of an disease prevalence and their relationship to climate variability. infectious disease. The evidence is based on time-series analyses of the relationship between El Nin˜o͞Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Methods and Data cholera prevalence in Bangladesh (formerly Bengal) during two We will use a variety of techniques to demonstrate a strong and different time periods. A strong and consistent signature of ENSO consistent association between cholera levels and ENSO in the past is apparent in the last two decades (1980–2001), while it is weaker 2 decades, which is initially more irregular in the earlier time period and eventually uncorrelated during the first parts of the last and then absent from the historical record. Singular spectrum century (1893–1920 and 1920–1940, respectively). Concomitant analysis (SSA; Appendix) is first applied to isolate the main inter- with these changes, the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) under- annual variability in the data.
    [Show full text]
  • Seasonal Patterns of Infectious Diseases Mercedes Pascual*, Andy Dobson
    Open access, freely available online 12. Ampel NM, Mosely DG, England B, Vertz PD, Komatsu K, et al. (1998) 20. Gonzalez-Benavides J (1991) The panorama of coccidioidomycosis in Nuevo Coccidioidomycosis in Arizona: Increase in incidence from 1990 to 1995. Leon from 1978 to 1988. Gac Med Mex 127: 427–432. Clin Infect Dis 27: 1528–1530. 21. Galgiani JN, Catanzaro A, Cloud GA, Johnson RH, Williams PL (2000) 13. Smith CE (1951) Diagnosis of pulmonary coccidioidal infections. Calif Med Comparison of oral fl uconazole and itraconazole for progressive, 75: 385–391. nonmeningeal coccidioidomycosis. Ann Intern Med 133: 676–686. 14. López-Márquez A, Hernández-Avendaño V, Durán-Padilla MA, 22. Holley K, Muldoon M, Tasker S (2002) Coccidioides immitis osteomyelitis: Navidad-Cervera F, Chávez-Macías L, et al. (2004) Coccidioidomicosis A case series review. Orthopedics 25: 827–831, 831–832. diseminada con infección pulmonar, ganglionar y meníngea. 23. Wiant JR, Smith JW (1973) Coccidioidin skin reactivity in pulmonary Caso con hallazgos postmortem. Rev Med Hosp Gen (Mex) coccidioidomycosis. Chest 63: 100–102. 67: 88–93. 24. Cox RA (1993) Coccidioidomycosis. In: Murphy JW, Friedman H, 15. Smith CE, Beard RR, Whiting EG, Rosenberger HG (1946) Varieties of Bendinelli M, editors. Fungal infections and immune responses. New York: coccidioidal infection in relation to the epidemiology and control of the Plenum Press. pp. 173–211. diseases. Am J Public Health 36: 1394–1402. 25. Pappagianis D, Lindsay S, Beall S, Williams P (1979) Ethnic background 16. Cortez KJ, Walsh TJ, Bennett JE (2003) Successful treatment of coccidioidal and the clinical course of coccidioidomycosis.
    [Show full text]
  • Levin Historicalcollapse2019 with Thanks to Increasingly, We Are Hearing News About Impending Catastrophes
    Systemic risk and systemic opportunity: Alternative realities in ecological and social systems Kogtraveler.com Simon Levin HistoricalCollapse2019 With thanks to Increasingly, we are hearing news about impending catastrophes 1ggye33lc4653z56mp34pl6t.wpengine And there are historical precedents 20 years ago, John Steele called attention to ecological regime shifts February 1998 REGIME SHIFTS IN MARINE ECOSYSTEMS S33 Ecological Applications, 8(1) Supplement, 1998, pp. S33–S36 ᭧ 1998 by the Ecological Society of America REGIME SHIFTS IN MARINE ECOSYSTEMS JOHN H. STEELE Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543 USA www.whoi.edu Abstract. Time scales, and the trophic relations between these scales, are very different in the sea from those on land. In particular, marine systems are much more responsive to decadal scale alterations in their physical environment but are also much more adaptable. Thus it is difficult, and probably counterproductive, to try to define a baseline state for marine ecosystems. Further, regime shifts in fish communities can have major economic consequences without being ecological disasters. Climatic changes at decadal scales, from natural or anthropogenic causes, are likely to produce or enhance regime shifts. There are different management issues in different sectors. The coastal zone demands our intervention to assure integrated management of the land and sea components. At the other extreme, our understanding of open ocean systems is an essential element of climate prediction and so of eventual management. Between these two environments, our use of resources in continental shelf seas requires an ability to distinguish between human and natural causes of long-term change. Key words: ecological fungibility; fisheries; management; regime shifts; time scales; sustain- ability.
    [Show full text]
  • Pascual 2000
    Cholera Dynamics and El Niño-Southern Oscillation Mercedes Pascual et al. Science 289, 1766 (2000); DOI: 10.1126/science.289.5485.1766 This copy is for your personal, non-commercial use only. If you wish to distribute this article to others, you can order high-quality copies for your colleagues, clients, or customers by clicking here. Permission to republish or repurpose articles or portions of articles can be obtained by following the guidelines here. The following resources related to this article are available online at www.sciencemag.org (this information is current as of June 10, 2013 ): Updated information and services, including high-resolution figures, can be found in the online on June 10, 2013 version of this article at: http://www.sciencemag.org/content/289/5485/1766.full.html This article cites 19 articles, 4 of which can be accessed free: http://www.sciencemag.org/content/289/5485/1766.full.html#ref-list-1 This article has been cited by 143 article(s) on the ISI Web of Science This article has been cited by 39 articles hosted by HighWire Press; see: http://www.sciencemag.org/content/289/5485/1766.full.html#related-urls www.sciencemag.org This article appears in the following subject collections: Medicine, Diseases http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/collection/medicine Downloaded from Science (print ISSN 0036-8075; online ISSN 1095-9203) is published weekly, except the last week in December, by the American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1200 New York Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20005. Copyright 2000 by the American Association for the Advancement of Science; all rights reserved.
    [Show full text]
  • Curriculum Vitae Mercedes Pascual
    Curriculum Vitae Mercedes Pascual Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Michigan 830 North University Avenue Ann Arbor MI 48109 Tel: (734) 615-9808 [email protected] Academic Training Postdoctoral, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ (1995-97) Ph.D, Biological Oceanography, Massachusetts Institute of Technology/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Joint Program, Woods Hole, MA (1989-95) M.Sc., Mathematics, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces NM (1987-89) Second Autumn Course on Mathematical Ecology, International Center for Theoretical Physics, Tri- este, Italy (1986) Visiting Student, Section of Ecology and Systematics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (1985-86) Licenciatura Degree, Biology, Universidad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina (1985) Undergraduate Student, Mathematics, P.U.C. University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (1980) and Marine Biology, U.S.U. University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (1978-79) Professional Experience Rosemary Grant Collegiate Professor, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, and Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (Septem- ber 2008 - present) Investigator, Howard Hughes Medical Institute (September 2008 - present) Associate Professor, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (June 2004 - August 2008) Assistant Professor, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (January 2001- May 2004)
    [Show full text]
  • Annette Ostling
    June 3, 2020 Annette Ostling Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Office (734) 936-2898 University of Michigan FAX (734) 763-0544 3042 Biological Sciences Building e-mail: [email protected] 1105 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1085 lsa.umich.edu/eeb/people/faculty/aostling.html Research Interests Community ecology, especially coexistence of competing species and implications for the structure of communities; Development and testing of niche, neutral, and stochastic niche theories of community assembly; Linking trait patterns with competitive coexistence mechanisms, especially in forests; Macroecology, especially spatial scaling patterns and implications for estimating large-scale biodiversity and its loss. Education PhD University of California, Berkeley, Energy and Resources, December 2004 Advisor: Prof. John Harte Dissertation Title: Development and tests of two null theories of ecological communities: a fractal theory and a dispersal-assembly theory. MS University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Physics, 1999 Advisor: Prof. Robert Leigh Dissertation Title: The propagator for graviton modes in supergravity on AdS5×S5 AB Columbia University, Physics, 1994 Professional Appointments Associate Chair of Undergraduate Studies, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan (2019) Associate Director, Michigan Institute for Computational Discovery and Engineering (MICDE), University of Michigan, (2016-Present) Miller Institute Visiting Professor, Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley (2016) (hosted by David Ackerly) Visiting Researcher, Center for Macroecology, Evolution, and Climate, University of Copenhagen (2015-2016) Associate Professor, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan. (2014-present) Assistant Professor, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan. (2006-2014 Council on Science and Technology Postdoctoral Fellow, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Mentor: Simon Levin.
    [Show full text]
  • Curriculum Vitae
    CURRICULUM VITAE Andrew Peter Dobson Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544-2016 Office: 609-258-2913 Fax: 609-258-1334 Cell: 609-213-0341 Email: [email protected] H-Index – 95 ; I10 Index – 242. MAIN AREAS OF INTEREST 1) The application of theoretical ecology to problems in the areas of conservation biology and control of infectious diseases. 2) The ecology of infectious diseases in natural populations. 3) The population dynamics and life history strategies of birds and mammals (Particularly primates and elephants). EDUCATION 1978-1981 D.Phil., “Mortality rates of British birds” Edward Grey Institute, Department of Zoology, Oxford University 1973-1976 B.Sc. (Hons.) Zoology and Applied Entomology Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Imperial College, London University POSITIONS 2001 Professor 1996-2001 Associate Professor 1995- Director of Undergraduate Seniors 1990-93 Director of Graduate Studies 1990 Assistant Professor, Princeton University 1986-1990 Assistant Professor, Biology Department, University of Rochester (from July 1st, 1986) 1983-1986 N.A.T.O. Post-doctoral Research Fellow, “The coevolution of parasitic helminths and their hosts”, Biology Department, Princeton University, Princeton 1981-1983 N.E.R.C Post-doctoral Research Fellow, “The dynamics of parasites in wild animal populations”, Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Imperial College, London University 1976-1978 Research Assistant to R.M. Anderson and P.J. Whitfield Zoology Department, King's College, London University HONORS AND SOCIETY MEMBERSHIPS A.D White Endowed Chair as Visiting Professor Cornell University (2016-2022) Elected Fellow of the Ecological Society of America, 2016 Thomson Reuters 2015 group of Highly Cited Researchers (for the period 2003-2013).
    [Show full text]
  • Micaela Elvira Martinez , Ph.D
    Micaela Elvira Martinez,∗ Ph.D. Assistant Professor Department of Environmental Health Sciences Mailman School of Public Health Columbia University New York, NY 10032 email: [email protected] web: https://memartinez.org/ Education 2015 Ph.D. Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan Dissertation: The Drivers of Acute Seasonal Infectious Diseases Committee: Pejman Rohani, Aaron A. King, Mercedes Pascual, & Betsy Foxman 2009 B.S. in Biology, University of Alaska Southeast, Magna Cum Laude 2009 B.S. in Mathematics, University of Alaska Southeast, Magna Cum Laude Personal Statement I deconstruct epidemics. The shape, frequency, and magnitude of epidemics collectively contain information about host-to-host transmission, immunity in the population, and importation of infection; I use cutting-edge statistical methods and dynamic models to extract that information. I work at the intersection of epidemiology, computational biology, chronobiology (the study of biological rhythms), and ecology. My traditional training in biology, coupled with my research in computational and applied mathematics and statistical inference, has allowed me to develop my unique expertise: leveraging epidemiological data to unmask population-level bi- ological processes that impact human health. My current research focuses on computational biology and I am expanding my program to also include clinical research on cross-systems biological rhythms (i.e., high tem- poral resolution immunology, endocrinology, metabolomics, and transcriptomics). My ongoing research falls into four themes: (1) seasonal disease transmission, (2) maternal immunity, (3) the realized effects of vac- cines, and (4) interactions between biological rhythms and disease. First, I have quantified the transmission seasonality for both polio and measles and have now expanded my studies to include herpesviruses.
    [Show full text]
  • Abstracts EEID 2021
    ABSTRACT Greg Albery - Georgetown University - US Age-related changes in social behaviour shape disease dynamics in a wild ungulate Gregory F Albery; Tim H Clutton-Brock; Alison Morris; Sean Morris; Josephine M Pemberton; Daniel H Nussey; Josh A Firth Georgetown University As they near the end of their lifespan, wild animals often experience profound declines in quality known as “senescence”. When older individuals exhibit weaker immunity (“immunosenescence”), they may be able to compensate by becoming less social, thereby reducing their exposure to pathogens. To date, despite an ever-expanding wealth of information on social networks in disease ecology, it is unclear whether wild animals experience age-related declines in social behaviours, how these changes alter exposure rates, and whether this process might compensate for immunosenescence. Here, I use a wild population of red deer (Cervus elaphus) on the Isle of Rum, Scotland, to investigate the links between ageing, social behaviour, helminth infection, and fitness. I employ a suite of novel spatial and social network analyses to show that a range of intrinsic and extrinsic processes contribute to age-related declines in social network centrality over the course of an adult deer’s lifespan. I further demonstrate that within-individual reductions in social behaviour are associated with reduced burdens of nematode parasites. Taken together, these results demonstrate that parasite infection is a potentially important driver of age-related behaviour changes that ultimately determine large-scale demographic structuring in this wild population. Moreover, they imply that age-related behavioural changes may be adaptive, functioning to balance the costs of a waning immune system, rather than emerging from physiological weakness and an inability to compete with younger conspecifics.
    [Show full text]
  • Digital Epidemiology Reveals Global Childhood Disease Seasonality and the Effects of Immunization
    Digital epidemiology reveals global childhood disease seasonality and the effects of immunization Kevin M. Bakkera,b,1, Micaela Elvira Martinez-Bakkerc, Barbara Helmd, and Tyler J. Stevensone,1 aDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; bCenter for the Study of Complex Systems, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; cDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544; dInstitute of Biodiversity, Animal Health, and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; and eInstitute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, United Kingdom Edited by David L. Denlinger, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, and approved April 19, 2016 (received for review December 7, 2015) Public health surveillance systems are important for tracking disease needed to understand their dynamics. Similarly, to establish the dynamics. In recent years, social and real-time digital data sources recurrent nature of outbreaks that occur at annual or multiannual have provided new means of studying disease transmission. Such frequencies, long-term data are needed. Thus, ideal disease inci- affordable and accessible data have the potential to offer new dence data have both high temporal resolution and breadth (i.e., insights into disease epidemiology at national and international scales. frequent observations over many years). Over the past decade, the We used the extensive information repository Google Trends to Internet has become a significant health resource for the general examine the digital epidemiology of a common childhood disease, public and health professionals (10, 11). Internet query platforms, chicken pox, caused by varicella zoster virus (VZV), over an 11-y period.
    [Show full text]