N E W Y O R K S T A T E The

PreservationistNYS OFFICE OF PARKS, RECREATION AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION

VOLUME 5/NO. 2 FALL/WINTER 2001

Crossroads of Independence

In 1776, author and patriot Thomas Paine wrote, “these are the times that try men’s souls” at a particularly troubling period during America’s fight for freedom. These words are just as appropriate today in light of the tragic events in New York City, Washington D.C. and rural Pennsylvania. Paine’s words remind us what our ancestors fought for and call to mind their courage and resourcefulness as they struggled against tyranny. Now through 2008 we are celebrating the 225th anniversary of the Revolutionary War. This summer I inaugurated the New York State American Revolutionary War Heritage Trail, which will help to preserve and interpret this remarkable legacy. The trail is one of several interpretive efforts being developed under the Heritage New York Program. This great state played a key role during the American Revolution. With its abundant natural resources and well-connected network Although critically injured, General Nicholas Herkimer continued to of transportation corridors, New York was considered a command his troops after they were ambushed by pro-British Native valuable asset. Some of the war’s most decisive battles Americans and Loyalists at Oriskany. The Oriskany Battlefield and were fought here and some of our most prominent Herkimer Home State Historic Sites (in Little Falls) are some of the citizens helped shape the new republic. Mohawk Valley’s most prominent Revolutionary War landmarks. The Many of our state historic sites are associated with Battle of Oriskany by Frederick Yohn, ca. 1901 – Courtesy of the Utica the Revolutionary War, including Washington’s Public Library Headquarters in Newburgh, which was acquired by the state in 1850 and became the nation’s first publicly owned historic site. From battlefields and encampments to military headquarters, these properties offer us an opportunity to experience the events of the Revolution. Another chapter in the history of the Revolution is being rediscovered at Fort Montgomery State Historic Site near Bear Mountain. Constructed in 1776, Fort Montgomery and the adjacent Fort Clinton helped guard the southern entrance to the Hudson Highlands. Although the forts were overwhelmed by British forces in October 1777, this delayed the consolidation of British troops in the upper Hudson Valley, making possible the victory at Saratoga, a turning point in the war. And earlier this year, I was pleased to announce the initiation of the new National Purple Heart Hall of Honor at the New Windsor Cantonment State Historic Site in Vails Gate. This memorial will document the sacrifices of the more than 800,000 Americans wounded or killed in action while serving in the United States military. Through exhibits and educational pro- grams, the hall of honor will present a multi-media show celebrating the American spirit in war and peace. The history of the Purple Heart medal is directly linked to New York State and the Revolutionary War. In 1782, General George Washington issued orders from his headquarters in Newburgh to create a badge of merit in the form of a purple heart to honor meritorious action. The badge of merit became the precursor of today’s Purple Heart medal. These sites and others remind us that the struggle for democracy did not end after the war, but continues to this very day. As we celebrate the 225th anniversary of the American Revolution, I invite everyone to visit the many places across the state that are associated with one of the most important episodes in our history – America’s courageous fight for freedom and the birth of a new nation.

George E. Pataki Governor, State of New York Printed on recycled paper The New York State Preservationist Historic Fireboats Respond

When disaster struck the World Fighter, a National Historic Landmark, Normandie, which caught fire while Trade Center on September 11, two and the newer city fireboat John D. being converted into a troopship. In historic and beloved New York City McKean (built in 1954) in pumping the 1943, it bravely towed the burning fireboats responded to the crisis. As the only available water to the site. The munitions ship El Estero away from buildings of the World Trade Center New York City Fire Department critical shipping and industrial areas, fell, the State and National Registers- temporarily designated the Harvey as saving many lives while placing the listed fireboat John J. Harvey and its Marine Company Two for this assign- crew at extreme risk. In addition to all-volunteer crew put itself in harm’s ment and placed an officer on board to numerous calls over the course of more way removing survivors to a safe coordinate its efforts. The Harvey and than sixty years, the boat fought its volunteers, dangerous fires involving two petro- including retired leum tankers in 1958 and again in 1966. Fire Department The Harvey was retired from the Fire Pilot Bob Lenney, Department in 1994 and was purchased served around-the- in 1999 for preservation by its current clock under the owners, John J. Harvey Ltd., who command of the restored it to full operation in 2000. department until the The John J. Harvey was placed on the evening of Septem- State and National Register of Historic ber 14. In addition Places last year as part of our Millen- to supplying water nium Initiative. to the World Trade Like the Harvey, the Fire Fighter Center site, the has a long and distinguished tradition of restored fireboat fire fighting in the city. It also re- also served as a base sponded to the fires aboard the of operations for Normandie and El Estero, the 1946 fire several volunteers that destroyed the St. George Ferry involved in search terminal, the 1960 fire that killed fifty The Fire Fighter pumping water for the World Trade Center fire at the and rescue opera- aboard the aircraft carrier Constellation, seawall alongside the World Financial Center on September 19, tions. Two respond- and the 1973 fire involving the Esso 2001. Photograph Courtesy of Al Trojanowicz, Marine Historian, ing fireboat volun- Brussels and the Sea Witch. Built in New York City Fire Department (retired) teers are members of 1938 on Staten Island, the Fire Fighter location and providing the only water at families made homeless by the remains in the service of the New York the site to fight the raging ground fires. disaster. City Fire Department and was desig- The boat arrived at a crowded bulkhead Built in 1931 in Brooklyn, the nated as a National Historic Landmark near the Battery and carried 150 John J. Harvey has a long and distin- in 1989. Both historic fireboats and traumatized people to safety at Pier 40. guished firefighting career in New their respective professional and At the request of the New York City York City. In 1932, it fought a five- volunteer crews carry on a proud New Fire Department, the Harvey quickly alarm fire at Cunard’s Pier 54. In York fire fighting tradition, as evi- returned to the site where it joined the 1942, the Harvey responded to the denced in their immediate and effective commissioned 1938 fireboat Fire burning of the magnificent French liner responses to the September 11 disaster.

NEW YORK STATE BOARD FOR HISTORIC PRESERVATION N E W Y O R K S T A T E DR. ROBERT B. MACKAY, CHAIRMAN ARETE SWARTZ WARREN Executive Director, Society for the Preservation Trustee, Preservation League of NYS PreservationistThe of Long Island Antiquities ELIZABETH L. WATSON CHRISTINA R. DAVIS President, Planting Fields Foundation NYS OFFICE OF PARKS,RECREATION New York, NY EX-OFFICIO MEMBERS AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION ELISE JOHNSON-SCHMIDT EDWARD F. COX Executive Director, Market Street Restoration, Corning, NY Chairman, NYS Council of Parks The Governor Nelson A. Rockefeller Empire State Plaza JOSEPH RYAN RICHARD J, SCHWARTZ Agency Building 1 Educator & Fellow of the Company of Military Historians Chairman, NYS Council on the Arts Albany, NY 12238-0001 Buchanan, NY RICHARD P. MILLS FRANK E. SANCHIS Commissioner, NYS Dept. of Education Executive Director, The Municipal Art Society of New York RANDY A. DANIELS George E. Pataki, Governor CHARLES D. URSTADT Secretary of State New York, NY Bernadette Castro, Commissioner ERIN M. CROTTY Commissioner, NYS Dept. of Environmental Conservation J. Winthrop Aldrich, Deputy Commissioner Newsletter contributors: Linda Abston, Virginia Bartos, The Preservationist is published semi-annually by the New for Historic Preservation Richard Clauss, Marie Culver, Christopher Flagg, Robert Kuhn, York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Kathleen LaFrank, John Lovell (Associate Editor), Ruth L. Pierpont, Director, Preservation. Address all correspondence to: Editor, The Dave Meyersburg, Heidi Miksch, Audrey Nieson, Austin O’Brien Historic Preservation Field Services Bureau Preservationist, NYS State Office of Parks, Recreation & (Editor), Mark Peckham, Ruth Pierpont, Pamela Sinko (Design/ James P. Gold, Director, Bureau of Historic Sites Historic Preservation, Peebles Island State Park, PO Box Production), Sarah Stevens and Deborah Trupin. 189, Waterford, NY 12188-0189. The New York State Commission on the Restoration of the Capitol generously donated its logo for use on this newsletter.

2 The New York State Preservationist From the Commissioner

Throughout our history, we Like so many individuals, organi- properties located in the impact zone. Americans have faced disasters, zations and governmental agencies, the overcome extraordinary hardships and Office of Parks, Recreation and have triumphed over adversity on Historic Preservation (OPRHP) has countless occasions. In doing so, we been helping in the massive disaster have become stronger and even more management project. Our staff has determined to safeguard our precious donated thousands of hours of time and freedom. This proud tradition lives on expertise to a wide variety of activities, today. In the midst of the September 11 from providing assistance with attack on America, hundreds of stories recovery efforts at “ground zero” to of incredible bravery, renewed patrio- offering critical law enforcement tism and selfless acts of kindness have services. In addition, we have con- helped to sustain us. The ties that bind verted space at Riverbank State Park us together as a nation are powerful, into temporary housing and donated and I am confident that will we find the use of much-needed equipment. support, strength and inspiration in one We are also providing historic another as we strive to rebuild our preservation assistance. In addition to sense of security and restore the the World Trade Center site and quality of our lives. adjacent buildings, transportation In addition to the heartbreaking systems and utility networks, a number loss of so many innocent lives, the of nearby historic and cultural resources collapse of the World Trade Center were damaged during the collapse. towers has turned an area that was a While the effects on the area’s historic vibrant and exciting place to work, live built environment are still being and visit into a landscape of utter evaluated, the State Historic Preserva- desolation. The damage to lower tion Office (SHPO) is working closely Manhattan is widespread and its effects with the State Emergency Management are still being investigated. The task of Office (SEMO) and the Federal rebuilding this area is monumental and Emergency Management Agency expected to take billions of dollars and (FEMA) in the assessment of historic many years to complete.

The New York State Preservationist 3 Patriotic Symbols

Out of the smoke and confusion Conservator Deborah Trupin. In the fall to change the displays annually so visitors that followed the World Trade Center of 2000, Stevens recorded the size of each can view the collection and the conserva- catastrophe, we all saw the American flag in the Capitol collection and wrapped tion work in progress. flag flying above the destruction. It is an almost all of them in image that is locked in our minds and acid-free tissue to prevent has become one of the most conspicuous further damage. emblems of our patriotism and spirit in Over the past year, the face of tremendous adversity. small groups of flags Throughout our nation’s history, have been transferred flags have been symbols of our freedom from the Capitol to and New York State has one of the Peebles Island for largest collections of battle flags in the treatment. Stevens and country. Dating from ca. 1809 to the conservation technician Gulf War (1991), most of New York’s Ruth Potter have begun collection of 1,800 flags is stored at the preparing the flags for State Capitol in Albany. Over the past long-term storage. several years, the Office of Parks, During the summer of Recreation and Historic Preservation 2001, an intern from (OPRHP) and the State Division of Military and Naval Affairs (DMNA) have been working together to protect and preserve this extraordi- nary legacy. Many of the flags are in The New York State poor condition due to age, improper Armory in Saratoga storage, exposure to light, tempera- Springs – future home of ture variations and dust. the Military History In 1997, DMNA and staff from Museum and Veteran’s our own Peebles Island Resource Research Center, and the Center (PIRC) undertook a survey of flag archive. the collection and prepared a preservation plan the following year. Among its recommendations was the Textile conservator Sarah Stevens creation of a flag archive. In places a small flag in the custom- designed storage cabinets at the Peebles Island Resource Center.

In July, Governor Pataki announced that the New York State Armory in Saratoga Springs, designed by architect Isaac Perry An exhibit highlighting the flag in 1889, would become the new Military conservation initiative is on display in the State Capitol’s History Museum and Veteran’s Research second floor reception area. Center. The museum will also house the flag archive. Until the new museum is ready, the PIRC will continue to serve as an Finland, Anri Heinonen, also assisted in interim storage facility for the flags that General Philip Van Rensselaer presented this flag the conservation work. After document- have been conserved. to the Albany Republican Artillery on July 4, 1809. ing the condition of each flag, the team While state funds and private contribu- It is the earliest flag in the DMNA collection and is removed them from their staffs, cleaned tions have helped move this project thought to have been carried during the Battle of and realigned them, and placed each on a forward, additional donations are welcome. Sackets Harbor in 1813. The front side of this 70 by firm support system. For information, contact the director of the 95 inch painted silk flag is on display in the flag Three years ago, an exhibit featuring Natural Heritage Trust, NYS Office of exhibit at the State Capitol. ten conserved Civil War flags opened in Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation, recognition of the significance of the the second floor reception area of the Agency Building 1, Empire State Plaza, collection, Governor Pataki and the state Capitol. This summer, it was replaced by Albany, NY 12238, (518) 474-2997. legislature provided funding in 2000- a second exhibit, which included a ca. 2001 to implement the recommendations 1809 regimental flag of the Albany in the survey and preservation plan. Republican Artillery and a 1960s wool Textile conservator Sarah Stevens was guidon (or pennant) from the 27th Supply hired last year to work exclusively on the and Transport Battalion Company J. Winthrop Aldrich flags under the direction of PIRC Textile Headquarters. OPRHP and DMNA plan Deputy Commissioner for Historic Preservation

4 The New York State Preservationist Working Together

The tragedy of the World Trade the Federal Emergency Management World Trade Center site with FEMA Center disaster created a desire on Agency (FEMA) to develop and staff to prepare a building-by-building many people’s part to help in any way execute a programmatic agreement for evaluation of historic resources. The possible. This was certainly true of FEMA-funded projects related to the project area is bounded by Chambers our staff, who provided a myriad of World Trade Center attack. The goal Street on the north, Broadway on the services during the first days and of this agreement is to establish a east, Rector Street on the south and the weeks following the attack. Rick Lord SHPO review process for these Hudson River on the west. The is an example of a state employee projects that will help expedite FEMA resulting evaluation, including fifty- whose desire to help led him far from funding, while ensuring that impacts to one historic properties, serves as an his regular duties as a member of the historic resources are taken into appendix to the programmatic agree- State Historic Preservation Office’s account. The agreement will serve as a ment and will be used by FEMA and technical services unit. Rick other state and federal agencies spent several weeks helping to to determine when a project will coordinate the donation of require SHPO review. Projects equipment, goods and services affecting buildings that are not at the State Emergency Manage- on the list are exempt from ment Office (SEMO). Other SHPO review, allowing them to SHPO staff members have been proceed rapidly. actively participating in the In accordance with the recovery effort as part of their stipulations of the agreement, regularly assigned duties and are FEMA projects for emergency appreciative of the opportunity protective measures will be to help. reviewed by the SHPO within As the process of rebuilding three days. Standard non- advances, state and federal emergency FEMA projects will agencies are rapidly developing be reviewed by the SHPO the funding plans that will within seven days. The SHPO funnel millions of dollars into intends to meet these deadlines the massive rehabilitation of by staffing the FEMA Disaster lower Manhattan. The appropri- Field Office in New York City ate and rapid execution of this as needed. Implementation of work will have a major impact the agreement should ensure upon the economic and emo- that projects are progressed tional recovery of New York promptly and executed in a City and the nation. manner that does not conflict In accordance with the State with the appropriate preserva- and National Historic Preserva- tion and restoration of historic tion Acts, all state and federally properties in lower Manhattan. funded projects require a review The cooperative assistance by the SHPO to ensure that no of FEMA, SEMO, the State historic buildings or archeologi- Department of Environmental cal sites are adversely impacted Conservation, New York City’s by the proposed activity. Lower Located just south of the World Trade Center site, the West Office of Emergency Manage- Manhattan has a wealth of Street Building was among those severely damaged when the ment, Department of Design immensely significant historic towers collapsed on September 11. Designed by prominent and Construction and the New buildings and a rich archeologi- New York City architect Cass Gilbert and built between 1905 York City Landmarks Preserva- cal heritage that deserves and 1907, this distinguished early 20th century skyscraper is tion Commission have greatly protection and, in many cases, one of the fifty-one historic resources that the SHPO staff aided these planning activities. appropriate restoration or recently evaluated and determined eligible for listing on the The spirit of teamwork and treatment. As such, the SHPO’s State and National Registers. Photograph by Carl Forster - shared goals among the many Courtesy of the New York City Landmarks Preservation environmental review role Commission. individuals, organizations and cannot be sacrificed. On the agencies that are working other hand, the calamity of the together to assist in the World World Trade Center disaster and the model for handling the review of the Trade Center disaster relief efforts immediacy of the recovery and numerous other state and federally could not be stronger. These positive reconstruction efforts demand that the funded initiatives that are likely to working relationships are helping to set progress of important projects is not follow the FEMA work. a steady, well-balanced course for the thwarted by bureaucratic delays. Shortly after the disaster, SHPO renewal of lower Manhattan and the SHPO assistant director Robert staff members Kathy Howe and Greg revitalization of this great state. Kuhn has been working closely with Donofrio surveyed the area around the

The New York State Preservationist 5 New York Properties Declared National Historic Landmarks (NHL)

Harriet Tubman associations with his life, Andrew Jackson Davis, one of the style’s was famous for her role business operations and social foremost practitioners, it is the last extant as a conductor on the reform work. Smith was a Greek Revival church directly attributed Underground Railroad figure of national importance to Davis that retains design integrity and throughout her life, in politics and social reform consistent with the architect’s original she helped those who movements. His wealth and intentions. Recently designated an NHL, could not take care of business activities gave him the the building is distinguished by a bold and themselves. Around means to support a variety of carefully proportioned composition, 1859, Tubman pur- reform efforts, primarily featuring a monumental Ionic portico and chased a house in abolition and temperance. He dramatically scaled entrance. Now Auburn, New York, engaged in several abolition located in the heart of downtown where her parents stayed Newburgh, the church is sited on a while she served as a bluff overlooking the Hudson River nurse, scout and spy for and originally had panoramic views of the Union Army during Harriet Tubman (ca. 1821-1913) – the surrounding valley. This master- the Civil War. After the Photograph courtesy of the piece is a powerful reminder of Davis’s war, she returned to Library of Congress early career, when his gifted designs Auburn, purchased contributed to the development of the additional property and founded the Home Greek Revival style in America. for (the) Aged, a Located at the Long Island charitable institu- Maritime Museum in West Sayville, tion for aged and the sloop MODESTY and the Rudolph indigent Oyster Cull House have recently been African- A state grant will help rehabilitate designated NHLs for their close Americans. Harriet Tubman’s home and the Home associations with Long Island’s South She was an for the Aged (pictured above) in Auburn. Shore blue point oyster industry. The active church activities, including participation in sheltered waters of the Great South Bay member and national Anti-Slavery societies, reform provided a rich natural environment for a through political involvement, the thriving commercial shell fishing opera- Free Church movement, and tion from the mid-nineteenth century to education and about 1930. Hundreds of land reforms. local residents were Smith openly involved in the industry, Gerrit Smith (1797-1874) defied the from boat building and – Photograph courtesy of Fugitive Slave oyster harvesting to Peterboro Area Historical Society Act and used his cleaning and packaging. estate to provide Built in 1923, the supported the a safe haven for MODESTY is exception- construction of the slaves en route ally significant as a rare Thompson Memorial to Canada. His surviving example of a A.M.E. Zion Church residence also southside oyster sloop in 1891. In 1903, she Gerrit Smith’s land office in served as an and exhibits the distin- transferred the Peterboro was the center of his extensive real estate activities. important guishing characteristics of “Home” and its gathering place historic oyster workboat management to the church. The Home for for abolitionists design, including a the Aged became a NHL in 1974 and is interested in discussing The Dutch Reformed Church’s shallow draft and round now the Harriet Tubman Museum. Earlier the issues of the day structural system has been stabilized bilge. Built around 1908, this year, her own home and the church and planning political with the help of local, state and federal the oyster cull house is funds, and a community group is were designated NHLs. All of these action. Today, the exploring reuse opportunities. significant as a largely properties have important associations property’s extant Photograph by Michael Gabor intact example of a with this remarkable woman, known as buildings, open space distinctive industrial “the Moses of her people.” This spring, and archeological resources recall Smith’s building type used for processing oysters. Governor Pataki announced a matching considerable role as a businessman, Many of these structures were built in the state grant of more than $280,000 to help philanthropist and social reformer. area and have virtually disappeared. The restore her house, which will be developed The Dutch Reformed Church in cull house and the MODESTY survive as as a historic site and educational center. Newburgh is an exceptional example of important reminders of the region’s The Gerrit Smith Estate in Peterboro Greek Revival style church architecture in historic commercial oystering industry. has been designated an NHL for its America. Built in 1835 and designed by

6 The New York State Preservationist 2000-01 Historic Preservation and State Heritage Area Grants -- Clean Water/Clean Air Bond Act & Environmental Protection Fund

Albany County Monroe County Queens County Cohoes: Van Schaick House - $137,570 Rochester: Frederick Douglass Education St. James Episcopal Church Parish Allegany County Center - $204,572 Hall - $182,859 Alfred: Crandall Barn – $36,750 Nassau County Rensselaer County Cayuga County Glen Cove: Justice Court Building - Schodack: Clove Road School - $42,500 Auburn: $105,800 Troy: Harriet Tubman Historic Site - $284,132 Roslyn: Ward Memorial Clock Tower - Rensselaer County Courthouse – 350,000 85 South Main Street- $119,000 $32,170 Hart-Cluett Mansion & Carr Building - Upper Brookville: Hay Barn at Planting $103,863 Chautauqua County Fields Arboretum State Historic Park - Saratoga County Jamestown: Partridge-Sheldon House - $260,000 $149,000 Saratoga Springs: Saratoga Spa State New York County Park Bottling Plant - $159,520 Columbia County Manhattan: Waterford: Street Improvements - $164,350 Greenport: Olana State Historic Site - Church of the Holy Apostles - $250,000 Schenectady County $250,000 Battery Park Perimeter Design Niskayuna: Mohawk-Hudson Development - $140,000 Dutchess County Bike-Hike Trail Improvements - $24,237 Poughkeepsie: Niagara County Schenectady: North Ferry Street Pump Bardavon Opera House - $125,000 Youngstown: Old Fort Niagara Pathway - House, Overlook & Riverwalk 305-307 Mill Street - $93,000 $37,000 Improvements - $300,000 Erie County Oneida County Seneca County Buffalo: Rome: Erie Canal Improvements - Seneca Falls: Community Center Shoreline Darwin Martin House - $162,000 $200,000 Park - $100,000 Shea’s Theatre - $200,000 Holland Patent: Holland Patent Depot - Suffolk County Derby: Graycliff - $82,138 $70,000 Lloyd Harbor: Caumsett State Historic Essex County Onondaga County Park Barns - $154,725 Ticonderoga: Fort Ticonderoga - $150,000 Camillus: Nine Mile Creek Aqueduct Huntington: Heckscher Museum of Art - Hamilton County Restoration - $289,940 $150,000 Syracuse: Long Lake: Sagamore Lodge - $95,000 Ulster County Soldiers and Sailors Monument Esopus: Slabsides - $19,075 Herkimer County (Clinton Square) - $200,000 Kingston: Persen House - $350,000 Salisbury: 1875 Covered Bridge - $72,000 Plymouth Congregational Church - Phoenicia: Cobey Property Acquisition - $167,347 Jefferson County $29,000 Chaumont: Alexander Copley House - Ontario County Shawangunk: Andries Dubois House - $51,332 Canandaigua: City Hall - $60,000 $77,650 Sackets Harbor: Stone Hospital - $76,000 Watertown: Jefferson County Otsego County Westchester County Courthouse - $250,000 Otsego: Farmers Museum Barn - $100,000 White Plains: People’s National Bank and Trust Company - $500,000

Certified Local Government Grants for 2001 Fifteen local preservation projects will receive Certified Local Government (CLG) funding this year through grant awards announced by Commissioner Castro. Nine communtities across the state will share almost $150,000 from the state’s fiscal years 2000 and 2001 Historic Preservation Fund grant. The federal funding is available only to municipalities that administer historic preservation regulations at the local level and have entered into a formal partnership with the State Historic Preservation Office and the National Park Service. CLG funding may be applied to many kinds of projects that address the goals of identifying, evaluating, recognizing and protecting a community’s cultural resources. This year’s grant projects include: Village of Brockport: Environmental and economic study of Brockway Town of North Hempstead: Boatyard - $15,500 • Landmarks preservation symposium - $7,730 • Landmark signage & driving tour - $4,733 City of Glen Cove: Intensive Level Historic Resources Survey Phase II - • History of the Town of North Hempstead publication - $25,000 $10,000 Village of Owego: Historic Resources Survey Update - $10,096 Village of Greenport: Preservation booklet and reference library - $3,500 City of Peekskill: City of New Rochelle: • Promotional brochure - $8,500 • Brochure and street markers for Rochelle Park and Rochelle Heights - $7,059 • Historic district plaques & markers - $5,516 • Historical and Landmarks Review Board Newsletter - $8,310 • Historic Preservation Commission Training and Staff Advisor - • State and National Registers nomination for downtown historic district & $10,000 Wildcliff Manor - $15,000 Village of Sackets Harbor: Zoning & Historic District Training - $12,000 City of New York: Jackson Heights store owner’s guide - $6,380

The New York State Preservationist 7 A Landmark Lost . . . A Landmark Remains

by Kathleen LaFrank

The absence of the World Trade financial capital of the world. In 1946, the development of the WTC, Battery Park Center towers has provoked perhaps more New York State Legislature created the City and the redevelopment of Roosevelt discussion of their significance than was World Trade Center Corporation to Island in New York City and the Empire accorded them during their existence. As investigate the feasibility of developing an State Plaza and the SUNY campus in historians and preservationists, we take it organization to promote international trade Albany. For the WTC project, the as our mission to document and interpret the relationship between humans, their natural and built environments, and the social and cultural history of their times. More often than not, however, those people, places and histories pre-date us, and the understanding we seek is not entwined in layers of tragedy that have touched us personally. This is why landmark designations usually require a “grace period” in which to gain perspec- tive on the significance of places and events within the larger cultural context of their times. But the violent demise of the World Trade Center (WTC) and its immediate and immense effects compel us to seek a more immediate understand- ing of the significance of the buildings and to consider the potential significance and preservation of the now-brutalized site itself. Constructed between 1966 and ca. 1976, the seven-building complex would have been eligible to be considered for New York City landmark status in five years and State and National Register listing in 2026 - - even earlier if consid- ered exceptionally significant. Designed Minoru Yamasaki with a site model of lower Manhattan, ca. 1960s. by American architect Minoru Yamasaki, Photograph courtesy of Minoru Yamasaki Associates, Inc. the WTC was one of the crowning achievements of 1970s skyscraper design. and commerce with its headquarters in involvement of both David and Nelson Each rising nearly fourteen hundred feet New York City. The idea waned until Rockefeller brought together the immense high, its signature twin towers were the David Rockefeller took up the cause in array of private and public resources tallest buildings in New York City and 1958. Rockefeller, active in international essential to the completion of a project of among the tallest in the world. The banking and foreign trade concerns, saw this scale. Largely through the influence complex was a significant example of the need for a global financial center and of the Rockefellers, in 1962 the Port of urban renewal planning, a public works the opportunity for New York to become New York Authority officially adopted the project intended to redesign urban space the center of a rapidly expanding industry. trade center development project. The in order to achieve progressive social The advantages of locating the new facility design team paired the creativity of goals. Developers hoped to effect in lower Manhattan included easy access Yamasaki with the practical expertise of commercial, civic and social improve- to banks, the stock exchange and other New York City architects Emery Roth & ments by combining offices, transporta- financial institutions, as well as the Sons. The team went through more than tion links, shopping, lodging and public opportunity to stimulate new development one hundred schemes before settling on a spaces in one monumental complex that in the aging financial district. soaring twin tower design, and construc- could literally accommodate every type of The Rockefeller family has a long tion commenced in August 1966. activity connected to world trade and history of supporting large-scale public The architect’s site design was a symbolically represent America’s works projects. Nelson Rockefeller in response to both programmatic and dominant position in the global economy. particular initiated and supported a number practical considerations. The combination Initial plans for a “world trade of monumental public works projects that of fixed space requirements – ten million center” were a product of the post-World had a dramatic effect on urban landscapes. square feet on a sixteen-acre site with a War II optimism that gripped the city, During his four terms as governor, budget not to exceed $500 million – set which had emerged from the war as the Rockefeller played a major role in limits that informed the architect’s creative 8 The New York State Preservationist process. Yamasaki’s design embodied and building. Within these bold, enormously icon for the culture of its place and time. greatly expanded the concept of the scaled buildings, Yamasaki endeavored to Yamasaki’s stated hope that the WTC skyscraper. Since the early twentieth create serene environments to shelter would become “a living representation of century, the term had been largely a workers from the crowded, noisy and fast- man’s belief in humanity, his need for symbolic one, representing the infinite paced environment of the contemporary individual dignity, his belief in the co- possibility inherent in modern building city.2 operation of men, and through this technology and the expanding aspirations The World Trade Center was cooperation his ability to find greatness” and world views of those who commis- dedicated on April 4, 1973. The new has a poignant ring today, as the soaring sioned them. The twin towers tested the complex dramatically transformed an buildings have become entwined not just physical limits of that concept and urban skyline that had evolved over two with a belief in humanity, but with redefined possibility as possible. As critic centuries. In the same way that the humanity itself.3 The building spaces and Kenneth Frampton observed, the World Catskill Mountains or the Hudson River the workers they sheltered have been fused Trade Center and the Sears Tower (1974) defines the notion of place for those who in a surreal way that suggests anything but proved that actual construction of even live near them, the towers became a the atmosphere of peace and tranquility Frank Lloyd Wright’s Mile High Sky- defining physical feature of the environ- that the architect envisioned. scraper was not unfeasible.1 We designate landmarks to The new definition of scale, preserve a record of the historic its potential dramatically themes that they represent. A demonstrated by buildings rising physical structure or an actual more than one hundred stories, place provides a tangible connec- relied on a significant innovation tion to events that shaped our developed by structural engi- society. With the loss of the World neers Fazlur Khan and Leslie Trade Center, we no longer have Robertson (structural engineer an “object” in which its original for the WTC) in the mid-1960s. architectural and historic themes These engineers reversed the are embodied. Rather, it is the traditional relationship of absence of form and function that building to structure by conceiv- speaks to us about the reinterpreta- ing of the building itself as a tion of those themes and the hollow “tube.” In contrast to creation of new ones. Even as the curtain wall construction, in towers fell, the newly created which an exterior glass skin space became a symbol for all encloses an internal steel Americans, not only of the loss of structural system, buildings such innocence and the inherently as the WTC were designed with fragile nature of life but of the a load-bearing exterior frame generosity of humans and the (usually steel) designed to absorb survival of community. It is stress and resist wind. The frame certainly more heartening to was tied to an interior “core.” recognize and preserve an historic The strength of the rigid exterior place that represents a great idea or eliminated the need for interior an outstanding achievement than vertical support and allowed for one that marks a dark or tragic a maximum amount of unob- event. However, restricting structed floor space. In the twin landmark designation only to the towers, for example, each floor uplifting generates a fictional held an entire acre of clear-span history in which future citizens space. World Trade Center design model. will be unable to find us. Our The towers were constructed Photograph courtesy of Minoru Yamasaki Associates, Inc. frame of reference for the World in an era of architectural Trade Center changed forever on indecision – an uncertain ideological ment for millions of New Yorkers. Their September 11, 2001. Before the day was climate hovering between the manifestos extreme height, slender elegant form and over, its site had already achieved national of modernism and postmodernism. double silhouette created a new focal significance and world-wide recognition Although Yamasaki designed buildings point for the city for the end of the because the events that transpired there that were among the most grandiose in twentieth century. The WTC had an profoundly affected the lives of every scale and technologically sophisticated in enormous effect on the physical, social American and will reverberate in the lives the world, his vision was grounded in and economic life of New York City. of generations to come. humanism. In his design for the WTC, Although generally not widely acclaimed Yamasaki employed graceful forms and by architects and planners, the WTC delicate Gothic features to offset the nevertheless captured the imagination of monumental size and weight of the the public and became an architectural Kathleen LaFrank is a program analyst in the State Historic Preservation Office and 1 Kenneth Frampton, Modern Architecture: A Critical History (London: Thames and has assisted in the identification, Hudson, 1985), 280. evaluation, recognition and preservation 2 of New York’s historic resources for more Yamasaki, in Paul Heyer, Architects on Architecture (NY: Walker and Co., 1966), 187. than twenty-five years. 3 In Heyer, 195.

The New York State Preservationist 9 Monumental Tasks

On July 1, 1863, life changed they memorialize. Although they were the monuments, cannon and cannon dramatically for the people in the made out of the required durable carriages. The branch’s immediate Pennsylvania borough of Gettysburg. materials, constant goal was to On that day, and for the following two exposure to the establish a pattern days, they witnessed one of the elements through the of cyclical bloodiest battles of the Civil War, as years has taken its toll. maintenance of General Robert E. Lee’s Confederate Statuary suffered re-waxing the army clashed with General George staining, corrosion and, bronze and washing Gordon Meade’s Union forces. In the in some cases, had the stone every aftermath, the armies left behind a broken or missing three to five years. battleground littered with debris and elements. In the 1970s, Caring for nearly 50,000 dead, dying and the park began cleaning 1,400 monuments is wounded soldiers. some of the monuments. an overwhelming Gettysburg’s citizens inherited the A newly adopted task, especially for a responsibility of clearing the battlefield conservation treatment small staff. and caring for the wounded. This known as glass bead Gettysburg National included the gruesome task of locating peening was used to Military Park and properly re-interring hastily buried remove corrosion before regularly augments Union soldiers in a new cemetery the Monument south of the village. (Confederate Preservation Branch remains were removed to with seasonal or cemeteries in the South.) Some The 58th Infantry temporary workers concerned citizens of Gettysburg Monument, reportedly and was recently created the cemetery to honor damaged by lightning. assisted by the New those who died in the battle. In York State Office of 1872, the federal government took Parks, Recreation and Historic over the care of the cemetery and Preservation. In October 2000, preserved portions of the building conservator Christopher surrounding battlefield by creating Flagg and military historian Joseph the Gettysburg National Military Thatcher from the Peebles Island Park in 1895. The Gettysburg Resource Center (PIRC), met with Battlefield Memorial Association Victor Gavin of the Monument and, later, the United States War Preservation Branch at Gettysburg to Department, oversaw the park’s perform an on-site evaluation of operations until 1933, when it monuments associated with New came under the jurisdiction of the York State. For three days, they National Park Service. This inspected 60 of the 111 New York ensured that the efforts to monuments at the park and remember the events of July 1863 discovered that most were in good made by Gettysburg’s citizens condition. Over two-thirds had been would continue into the future. cleaned and waxed since the Over the years, the park Monument Preservation Branch was expanded to include almost 6,000 established, and three others had acres of battlefield and twenty-six received additional restoration work. miles of roadways. Monuments Four of the New York appeared on the battlefield as The New York State Memorial, Gettysburg monuments were recommended for early as the 1870s, many of them National Cemetery. special conservation treatment by the put up by veterans and states such Monument Preservation Branch. A as New York to honor their own who a protective coating could be applied. large granite monument dedicated to fought at Gettysburg. The commission Over time, this cleaning process the 58th Infantry was reportedly in charge of monuments required the proved to be unsuccessful. struck by lightning in the 1930s and use of granite and bronze, believing Fortunately, glass bead peening still requires restoration of some of these materials to be the most durable. was used on very little of the bronze the stonework. The other three Today, the park contains over 1,400 work at the park. In the 1980s, park singled out for treatment were a large monuments, markers and memorials staff began assessing the condition of bronze celtic cross honoring the Irish made of stone, granite and cast bronze. the monuments. In 1996, the park Brigade, a soldier on patrol These monuments have become launched a new preservation effort by commemorating the 111th Infantry, some of the most visible elements of creating the Monument Preservation and a Native American figure the battlefield landscape, admired for Branch, with a permanent staff of four standing in front of a large teepee their artistry as well as the subjects employees responsible for caring for representing the 42nd Infantry, also

10 The New York State Preservationist known as the Tammany Regiment. step process of removing the The coatings on the bronze work had old coating, repatinating the degraded to the point of needing surface and applying a new complete restoration. protective coating. The first step was the most difficult and time consuming, due to the fact that lacquer in the coating had chemically altered, making it extremely difficult to remove. After three days of steady work, the underlying metal was completely clean. Next, conservators applied patinating solutions to deepen the statue’s coloring, recreating its nineteenth century appearance. The final step was to apply a protective wax coating. This required heating the metal surfaces to melt the wax during

Tammany Regiment Monument undergoing conservation treatment, Tammany Regiment Monument before May 21-25, 2001. conservation treatment. Tammany was a seventeenth century Delaware chief, famed for his wisdom. His name was used by the application, allowing it to fill pores Tammany Society of New York City, which and other crevices in the metal. raised the 42nd Regiment during the war. Planned regular maintenance of the monuments will keep the park staff busy for years to come Of the four monuments, the with the results being worth the Tammany Regiment statue showed the effort. The stone, granite and greatest need for treatment. It was one bronze will look its best on the of the older memorials, placed on the battlefield, a fitting tribute for those battlefield in 1891, designed by New who fought and died during those York City sculptor John J. Boyle, and three fateful days in July 1863. The cast at the Bureau Brothers Foundry in work of the National Park Service Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Although continues the efforts begun by the it had received conservation treatment people of Gettysburg years ago, and in 1982, its protective coating failed, the New York State Office of Parks, resulting in irregular corrosion of Recreation and Historic exposed metal surfaces. The National Preservation was proud to be part Park Service realized that they needed of this undertaking. additional expertise for this monument, due to the size of the statue and amount of deterioration. Heidi Miksch, PIRC decorative arts conservator, joined a team of seven conservators and preservation Conservation treatments are expensive. Funds come from a professionals in May 2001 to spend a combination of private donations and some state and federal appropriations. week treating the large figure of The Friends of the National Parks at Gettysburg (FNGP) is a private, non- Tammany and the other bronze profit group that raises money for preservation and restoration projects at elements. the park. If you are interested in the organization or in making a donation, Once the National Park Service you can write to the FNPG at 304B York Street, P.O. Box 4622, Gettysburg, surrounded the statue with scaffolding, PA 17325, or visit their website at www.friendsofgettysburg.org. the team was ready to begin the three-

The New York State Preservationist 11 Spectacular Summit

Thanks to our panelists, guest speakers, sponsors and so many of you, our Historic Preservation Summit in Albany on Summit Highlights May 17 was a great triumph, attracting close to 400 people from all corners of the state. The summit agenda featured four panel discussion groups made up of distinguished local, state and national preservation and community development professionals. The panelists relayed the latest news, highlighted successful initiatives and shared practical approaches for expanding local historic preservation and revitalization efforts. Each session was informative, thought provoking and, happily, generated far more audience participation that we ever expected. We were also honored to have several special guest speakers with us, including Lieutenant Governor Mary O. Donohue, who reported on New York State’s Quality Communities initiative, Department of Environmental Active audience participation generated Conservation Commissioner Erin M. Crotty, who moderated the discussion and information sharing throughout the day. first panel of the day, Department of Transportation Commis- sioner Joseph H. Boardman, who described DOT’s context sensitive design and enhancement programs, and Historic Hudson In addition to moderating the first Valley Chair Mark Rockefeller, who discussed the importance of panel, Department of Environmental strengthening public/private partnerships to achieve historic Conservation Commissioner Crotty preservation goals. shared her views on the connection Our new short film highlighting the State and National between New York’s historic Registers of Historic Places was also shown for the first time at resources and the natural the summit. The film’s primary goals are to clarify what it means environment. when a property is listed on the registers and to increase historic preservation awareness. It features interviews with local resi- dents, civic leaders and public officials whose projects demon- strate that registers listing is a valuable tool in advancing commu- nity renewal activities. We hope that the film will encourage you and others in your community to help safeguard New York’s rich heritage. Local groups interested in the film can obtain a VHS copy by calling (518) 237-8643. More than 85 people participated in the workshops held the next day at Peebles Island State Park in Waterford. Participants chose two workshops from a list of several offerings, including “how-to” sessions on the State and National Registers, the federal Preservation and community reinvestment topics sparked a lively preservation Investment Tax Credit, Certified Local Government discussion during the second panel, which was moderated by Dr. procedures, the State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) Robert B. MacKay (far left), Chair of the State Board for Historic archeological Preservation, and included (from left to right) Robert Corby, review guide- mayor of the village of Pittsford, Peg Breen, president of the New lines and the York Landmarks Conservancy, and Scott Heyl, president of the state preservation Preservation League of New York State. grant programs. Attendees also had the opportu- nity to tour the Peebles Island Resource Center (PIRC) to see the conservation and archeology laboratories and view interpretive exhibits devel- The summit also provided opportunities for oped for state impromptu “meetings,” such as Conservancy for Historic Battery Park President Warrie Price (right) parks and discussing proposed park projects with Department historic sites. of Transportation Commissioner Boardman. Each summit attendee received a tote bag containing information on New York’s state and federal preservation programs. 12 The New York State Preservationist 2001 State Preservation Awards This year’s New York State Historic Preservation Awards were presented after the summit’s last panel. Immediately following the awards ceremony, attendees were invited to a festive reception held on the second floor of the State Capitol. A summary of this year’s awards can be found on page 22. By recognizing exceptional achievements and expressing gratitude on behalf of all New Yorkers, this program hopes to inspire others to contrib- ute to the protection and revitalization of our heritage. Commissioner Castro is joined by preservation award recipients (from left to right) Bruce Popkin of Wank, Adams, Slavin Associates (WASA), James Boorstein of Traditional Line and Keith The tote bag also contained a CD-ROM produced by the Gianakopoulos also of WASA, Quality Communities Interagency Task Force, a who were part of the project Preservation League publication and a guide to the team that helped Dick Cavett federal transportation enhancement program. and Carrie Nye reconstruct their historic seaside home in Montauk.

The summit was held in “The Egg” at the Empire State Plaza in Albany.

Mark Rockefeller presents the award Peebles Island Workshops certificate to Nancy Carey Cassidy who accepted it on behalf of The Picotte Companies for its commitment to preserving an important archeological site in downtown Albany.

PIRC Conservator Eric Price explains the treatment of historic frames during the laboratory tours.

In this session, Historic Preservation Field Service Bureau archeologist Doug Mackey describes the SHPO’s cultural resource review process.

Bureau of Historic Sites archeologist Lois Feister stands by to answer questions about the new Fort The state preservation grants program Montgomery State Historic Site during was one of the most popular workshops. the PIRC tour.

The State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation extends its deep appreciation to the many individuals, agencies and organizations that helped make the summit a success, and is especially grateful to Boscobel Restoration, Historic Hudson Valley and the New York Bankers Association for their support and encouragement.

The New York State Preservationist 13 Recent Listings – State and National Registers of Historic Places

Albany County Monroe County Seneca County Altamont: Lainhart Farm Complex & Brockport: Whiteside, Barnett & Co. Ovid: Aaron Wilson House Dutch Barn Agricultural Works Colonie: Newtonville United Methodist Penfield: Dayton’s Corners School Steuben County Church Pittsford vicinity: Hopkins Farm Cameron Mills vicinity: Town Line Church Delmar: Van Derheyden House & Cemetery Montgomery County Campbell: District School Number Five Bronx County Glen: Glen Historic District Corning: Market Street Historic District Bronx: Hertlein & Schlatter Silk (Boundary Increase) Trimmings Factory New York County Hammondsport: Germania Wine Cellars New York: Hornell: St. Ann’s Federation Building Cattaraugus County Father Francis D. Duffy Statue and Gowanda: Bank of Gowanda Duffy Square Suffolk County Olean: St. Stephen’s Episcopal Church Germania Life Insurance Company Bay Shore: Bay Shore Methodist Episcopal Complex Building Church Coram: Davis Town Meeting House Cayuga County Niagara County Southampton vicinity: Auburn: Hartland: District #10 Schoolhouse Shinnecock Hills Golf Club Tubman Home for the Aged, Harriet West Sayville: Tubman Residence, Thompson A.M.E. Onondaga County MODESTY (south-sider Sloop) Zion Church (National Historic Landmarks) Camillus: First Baptist Church of Camillus (National Historic Landmark) Fabius: Fabius Village Historic District Rudolph Oyster Cull House Chautauqua County Syracuse: O. M. Edwards Building (National Historic Landmark) Westfield: East Main Street Historic District (Additional Documentation Approved) Orange County Sullivan County Cornwall: The Kellogg House Mountaindale: Hebrew Congregation of Columbia County Newburgh: Mountaindale Synagogue Claverack: Reformed Dutch Church of Dutch Reformed Church Parksville: First Methodist Episcopal Claverack (National Historic Landmark) Church of Parksville Copake: Copake Grange Hall Belknap Stone House Roscoe: Roscoe Presbyterian Church & Mellenville: Mellenville Railroad Station Warwick: The Boulders Westfield Flats Cemetery South Fallsburg: South Fallsburg Hebrew Cortland County Oswego County Association Synagogue Marathon: Tarbell Building Fulton: Mount Adnah Cemetery Woodridge: Ohave Shalom Synagogue Oswego: Montcalm Park Historic District Delaware County Tioga County Fleischmanns: Skene Memorial Library Queens County Owego: Waits Methodist Episcopal Kelly’s Corners: Hubbell Family Farm and Woodhaven: Church & Cemetery Kelly’s Corners Cemetery St. Matthew’s Episcopal Church Wyckoff - Snediker Family Cemetery Tompkins County Dutchess County Speedsville: St. John’s Episcopal Church Millerton: Rensselaer County Oliver Barrett House Schodack: Elmbrook Farm Ulster County Dakin - Coleman Farm Troy: J. C. Osgood Firehouse Gardiner: Thomas N. Wheeler Farm Jenkins-DuBois Farm and Mill Site Poughkeepsie: First Baptist Church Richmond County Gardiner School Staten Island: Church of St. Andrew Trapps Mountain Hamlet Historic District Erie County Kingston: Old Dutch Church Parsonage Buffalo: Rockland County Saugerties: Osterhoudt Stone House M. Wile & Company Factory Building Haverstraw: Henry M. Peck House Shawangunk: Trico Plant No. 1 West Nyack: Philadelphia Toboggan Benjamin Van Keuren House Ruin Company Carousel Number 15 Bruynwick School #8 Greene County Ulster Heights: Ulster Heights Synagogue Prattsville: Old Episcopal Manse St. Lawrence County Lisbon: Lisbon Railroad Depot Warren County Jefferson County Warrensburgh: Hamlet of Warrensburgh Antwerp: Village of Antwerp Historic Saratoga County Historic District District Saratoga Springs: Saratoga Gas, Electric Light and Power Company Complex Wayne County Kings County Wolcott: Wolcott Square Historic District Brooklyn: New Utrecht Reformed Church Schoharie County Complex (Boundary Increase) Schoharie vicinity: Gallupville Methodist Westchester County Church Katonah: St. Luke’s Episcopal Church Madison County Peekskill: Thomas Nelson House Petersboro: Gerrit Smith Estate Schuyler County Waccabuc: The Homestead (National Historic Landmark) Logan: Logan Methodist Church

14 The New York State Preservationist Remembering Friends

Honoria Livingston McVitty (1909-2000) Honoria Livingston McVitty will long be remembered for the vital role she played in preserving Clermont State Historic Site. She spent her childhood at Clermont, when it was her family’s Hudson River estate. This early 18th century manor was home to seven successive generations of the Livingston family, including Robert R. Livingston, Jr., who helped shape our new nation during and after the Revolutionary War. In 1962, Mrs. McVitty’s mother, Alice Delafield Clarkson Livingston, deeded most of the estate to New York State for a historic site. Subsequently, Mrs. Clermont’s walled garden. McVitty donated additional land and buildings, helped restore the property’s gift from her estate after her death last legacy in the Hudson Valley will be gardens, and actively participated in year. Honoria McVitty’s tireless protected, interpreted and honored for many the site’s programs and special events. commitment and extraordinary generosity years to come. Clermont received another substantial will ensure that the Livingston family’s

Frederick Louis Rath (1913-2001) Fred Rath was passionate about history and, throughout his life, made an exceptionally positive contribution to the development and growth of the historic preservation movement in the United States. His career began with the National Park Service where he served at several historic sites, including the home of Franklin Delano Roosevelt and the Vanderbilt Mansion in Hyde Park. In 1948, he was executive director of the National Council for Historic Sites and Buildings, which helped create, under congressional charter, the National Trust for Historic Preservation. He served as the Trust’s first director from 1949 to 1956. Later, he became vice director of the New York State Historical Association in Cooperstown. From 1972 to 1979, as deputy commissioner for historic preservation at the State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation, he helped develop a plan for the state’s historic site system. Between 1979 and 1987, he served as chief executive officer of the not-for-profit Eastern National Park and Monument Association, which helped the National Park Service develop interpretive materials. He also served on the boards of several prestigious organizations, including the American Association of State and Local History (founding member), the New York State Board for Historic Preservation, the Hancock Shaker Community and the Planting Fields Foundation. He received a number of awards, including the Conservation Service Award from the U.S. Department of the Interior, an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters from the State University of New York, the National Trust’s Crowninshield Award and the Honor Award of the New York Parks and Conservation Association. While we mourn his death this year, we will always remember, admire and appreciate all that he did to advance historic preservation efforts in New York State and the nation.

The New York State Preservationist 15 A Landmark Endures

New York City has been defined by change since its first settlement in 1624. More than three centuries later, the destruction of the World Trade Center and the accompanying loss of life altered the city again. Despite the surrounding devastation, one lower Manhattan landmark, St. Paul’s Chapel, remained standing amidst the horror of that day to provide hope and inspiration. Built in 1764, the chapel witnessed the rise of New York City and the growth of the nation for two- and-one-half centuries. Throughout its long history, the chapel offered comfort and a sense of stability to Americans during times of catastrophe and crisis. Today, the chapel continues to offer respite in the wake of this new Interior of St. Paul’s Chapel tragedy. St. Paul’s Chapel gave it a more World War a few years later. Another was built on the monumental World War brought New Yorkers to the outskirts of the small presence as its chapel in December1941, as people settlement of New surroundings tried to make sense of the attack on York, along a farm changed from a Pearl Harbor and the urgent responsi- road that has become rural community bilities and sacrifices thrust upon the present-day Broad- to a city. In the nation. way, New York’s early nineteenth When St. Paul’s Chapel was great commercial and century, the designated a National Historic Land- cultural corridor. chapel offered mark in 1960, the city was reemerging Built of local stone, comfort and as center for international trade. The the chapel’s classical solace to the venerable stone walls felt the vibration design recalls James survivors of the of piles being driven into the founda- Gibbs’s London disease epidemics tion of what would become the tallest masterpiece, St. that regularly structures in the city being constructed Martin-in-the-Fields struck the city, less than a block away. As the shad- on Trafalgar Square. wiping out entire ows of this new World Trade Center The new chapel was families and eclipsed the spire of the chapel, it a particularly Drawing by Mark Peckham neighborhoods. remained a sanctuary, a place of peace prominent landmark Many funerals and tranquility amidst an ancient burial within its original rural surroundings. were held in the chapel, and the ground. The 1760s and 1770s were a adjacent burial ground provided a final Miraculously, St. Paul’s survived troubled time for New York as the resting-place for many of these the fall of the World Trade Center colonies chafed under foreign rule. victims. towers on September 11. Perhaps it British troops occupied New York During the nineteenth century, was divine providence or a two during the American Revolution and New York City grew to become one of hundred-year-old sycamore tree that the town suffered two subsequent fires. the world’s great transportation and shielded the chapel. When clergy St. Paul’s survived both the flames and commercial centers. St. Paul’s inspected the site, they found very the British occupation. As the first remained a constant figure through the little damage to the chapel but many of president of the new United States of smoke and clamor of the Civil War’s the gravestones in the churchyard were America, George Washington found anti-draft riots in 1863, the labor toppled and broken into pieces. Over sanctuary at St. Paul’s and prayed in strikes in the late nineteenth and early the following days and weeks, St. the chapel immediately following his twentieth centuries, and the tragic Paul’s Chapel again offered comfort by inauguration on Wall Street in 1789. Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire of serving as a relief center for emergency The addition of an English 1911. Sermons preached from its workers. As the city rebuilds, St. Renaissance style portico on the pulpit comforted New Yorkers upon Paul’s familiar silhouette stands as a chapel’s Broadway façade and its learning of the loss of the RMS Titanic beacon of the human spirit and the elegant tower and spire, added in 1794, in 1912 and the outbreak of the first strength of New York and the nation.

16 The New York State Preservationist Retooling a Jet Age Icon

Eero Saarinen’s design for the TWA terminal Trans World Airlines Flight Center at and the contem- JFK International Airport is acknowl- porary Dulles edged as a masterpiece of modern Airport terminal architecture. The emblematic building, (Washington DC, its overscaled form evoking the image 1958-1962). of a mythological winged creature, Saarinen’s later embodies both the concept and experi- commissions ence of flight and the speed and represent the technology of the modern age. From its expressionistic conception, the terminal was envisioned Modernism of the as “a building that starts your flight with 1950s. In your first glimpse of it.”1 contrast to The TWA terminal was part of the International style new international airport promoted by designs, which New York City Mayor Fiorello H. are based on LaGuardia, who anticipated the crucial rational forms and role air traffic would play in the classical abstrac- development of the city during the post- tions, buildings World War II era. Planning for the such as the airport began in the early 1940s, and in Whitney Museum 1947 the Port of New York Authority and Saarinen’s leased planning, development and two terminals are operational rights to a site on Jamaica characterized by Aerial photograph of the TWA terminal under construction - from the files Bay from New York City. Subse- an organic, of the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. quently, a master plan was developed by sculptural quality Thomas M. Sullivan, of the port in which program, function and the TWA terminal has been deter- authority’s aviation department, and symbolism are combined into a unified mined eligible for listing on the State noted modern architect Wallace K. composition that reflects the architect’s and National Registers of Historic Harrison, who served as design subjective conception of the design. Places, consultation with the State consultant. For the TWA terminal, the vision for a Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) The new airport, which opened in building that embodied the spirit of is required as the port authority 1948, was designed to accommodate jet flight was shared by artist and client. moves ahead with plans for airport aircraft and the anticipated dramatic Saarinen conveyed the idea of mobility redevelopment, which must be increase in passenger travel. Described by the use of curvilinear forms. The reviewed and approved by the Federal as a “terminal city,” the plan called for a concrete exterior shell is defined by Aviation Administration. Review of large central complex designed around a four interlocking vaults resting on plans that include construction of a 160-acre landscaped plaza. Surround- Y-shaped buttresses. Sheltered by large new terminal and re-use of the ing it were sites for seven airline vaulted forms, integrated structural, historic terminal began in May 2000 terminal buildings, each independently circulation, functional and decorative but slowed when it became apparent designed, linked by a system of road- components create complex serpentine that public involvement in the process ways, taxiways and parking lots. TWA, patterns that flow through the three- had been insufficient. The signifi- one of the country’s largest airlines and level interior. As completed, the cance of the structure is nowhere one of only two overseas carriers (along terminal expressed a sense of move- more apparent than in the list of with Pan Am), was allotted a site ment, while facilitating the experience organizations that have requested adjacent to the main complex. Opened of travel. consulting party status in reviewing in 1962, the TWA terminal was the last Once an icon of the jet age, the the plans for its future, ranging from component of the original plan to be TWA terminal is now one of two New York City interests to the completed. terminals remaining from the original National Trust for Historic Preserva- TWA selected Finnish-born airport plan and is the only intact tion to the government of Finland! architect Eero Saarinen to design its survivor. Built to meet the growing The building that once reflected the signature terminal. Saarinen (1901- needs of the aviation industry in the optimism of 20th-century America 1961), son of Eliel Saarinen, renowned mid-20th century, the terminal now continues to capture the imagination international architect, trained as a must be adapted to meet the changing and concern of our 21st-century sculptor and began his career in his and challenging needs of 21st-century world. father’s office. The younger Saarinen is air travel, including an increasing best known for the General Motors number of travelers and flights, a 1 Ralph S. Damon, quoted in George Technical Center (Detroit, 1945-56), the greater demand for auxiliary services Scullin, International Airport (Boston: Jefferson National Expansion Memorial for travelers and, most important, Little, Brown, 1968) 154. Damon served Arch (St. Louis, designed in 1948), the heightened security measures. Since as president of TWA between 1949-1956.

The New York State Preservationist 17 Profile: Planting Fields Foundation

Planting Fields Arboretum State Since 1979, the Foundation has public horticultural Historic Park is the amazingly intact contributed almost $15 million to the programs formerly and beautifully landscaped 409-acre restoration, capital improvement and coordinated by the estate of William Robertson Coe, an general operating support of the estate. Friends of Planting Englishman who made his Fields. The fortune through investments in “Friends” insurance, mining, real estate organiza- and railroads. The distin- tion was guished estate was created formed in between 1913 and the 1930s 1972 to and is located in the town of assist with Oyster Bay, Nassau County. In the 1949, William Coe deeded the mainte- property to New York State. In nance of 1954, Coe established a not- the park for-profit organization called and operation the Planting Fields Foundation of its horticultural activities to assist in the operation of the and joined forces with the estate as a state campus for Foundation in 2000 to horticultural studies. After establish one unified Coe’s death in 1955, Planting organization. Today, the Fields continued to be used as a Foundation’s mission, horticultural study center. adopted in 1993, is the Since 1971, the New York preservation and interpreta- State Office of Parks, Recre- tion of Planting Fields as a ation and Historic Preservation premier museum and public (OPRHP), through its Long garden for the education, Island Regional Office, has enrichment and enjoyment of operated Planting Fields as an the visiting public. arboretum, horticultural Planting Fields, which education center, historic house took its name from the local museum and park. After William R. Coe with his grandchildren: Michael, William and area originally cultivated by Ernesto seated on Mr. Coe’s lap, ca. 1937. Courtesy of Planting additional generous gifts made Fields Foundation Archives. Long Island’s Matinecock by Coe’s children and grand- Indians, was the creation of children in 1974, the Founda- some of the nation’s most tion was able to enter into a licensing In 2000, the Foundation took on a prominent landscape designers and agreement with OPRHP in 1979 that more active partnership role with architects practicing in the early established a broader mandate to staff, OPRHP in the operation of the historic twentieth century. Coe and his wife interpret and preserve Coe Hall, the park by assuming the responsibility for Mai Huttleston Rogers presided over estate’s main house. providing membership services and the development of an English country

The Carshalton Park gates, shown here in ca. 1910 and measuring over 154 feet from post to post, were made in 1711 for the Lord Mayor of London’s estate in Surrey, England. William Coe purchased the gates in the 1920s and had them shipped to Planting Fields.

18 The The New New York York State State Preservationist Preservationist Island Sound in 1915 and transplanted on the grounds. Walker and Gillette also designed the estate’s farm support buildings. The entrance to the estate is marked by the magnificent stone and iron Carshalton Park gates, made in 1711 and imported from Surrey, England. The elegant gateway, reconstructed between 1921 and 1926, marks the beginning of the carefully planned journey from the main entrance through the estate’s pictur- esque grounds to Coe Hall in the best English country house landscape tradition.

Coe Hall photographed by Mattie Edwards Hewitt, ca. 1922. Reprinted with permission of the Nassau County Division of Museum Services, Long Island Studies Institute. seat complete with all of its compo- Gillette was hired to design nents – manor house, formal gardens, the massive 65-room, Tudor informal park, farm and system of Revival style manor house trails. The Coes spared no expense. based on English prototypes. The fashionable New York City Constructed between 1918 architectural firm of Walker and and 1921 and built with the finest materials and craftsmanship, the house was deco- rated with the help of noted English interior designer Charles Duveen, also known as Charles of London, and furnished with art and antiques collected by the Coe Hall’s great hall photographed by Mattie Edwards Coes. Several Hewitt, ca. 1921. Reprinted with permission of the landscape design Nassau County Division of Museum Services, Long firms, including Island Studies Institute. Lowell and Sargent and the Olmsted Brothers, Earlier this year, John Lovell, helped create the estate’s assistant director of the Bureau of naturalistic grounds, Historic Sites, met with Elizabeth including winding roadways, Watson, Planting Fields Foundation extensive gardens, several president, Lorraine Gilligan, executive greenhouses, rolling lawns director of the Planting Fields Founda- and large collections of tion, and John Norbeck, director of specimen trees and shrubs. Planting Fields Arboretum State The huge Fairhaven Beech Historic Park, to discuss the more than tree became one of Planting twenty-five years of collaboration Fields’s most prominent between the Foundation, the Friends of Coe Hall’s main stairwell looking through to the gallery landscape features. It is the Planting Fields and OPRHP and the photographed by Mattie Edwards Hewitt, ca. 1921. one surviving tree of two challenges and opportunities that await Reprinted with permission of the Nassau County the partners in the coming years. In Division of Museum Services, Long Island Studies mature beeches that were Institute. transported across Long (continued on page 20) The New York State Preservationist 19 Continued from page 19

The Italian Blue Pool Garden designed by A. R. Sargent and built between 1916-1922, photographed in 2000 before the start of restoration funded by an Environmental Protection Fund grant and the Foundation.

1993, consultants prepared a master maintenance, utilities and maintenance Castles.” Gilligan enthusiastically plan for Planting Fields, jointly funded of the estate’s infrastructure, while the recounts how the Foundation pursued by the Foundation and OPRHP, Foundation supported the operation the recovery of family furnishings, identified by Watson as a major and restoration of Coe Hall as a house underwrote staff salaries to operate the impetus to the preservation of the museum and assisted with the restora- house as a museum and undertook property. According to Watson, “The tion of greenhouses and other estate exterior and interior restoration creation of the Stewardship Committee buildings. Over the past several years, projects, including the estate’s spec- called for in the report was instrumen- the level of investment and cost tacular Camellia Greenhouse. In the tal in creating a strategic planning sharing among the Foundation and past five years, the Foundation has entity that meets monthly with joint OPRHP has grown dramatically. made innovative use of a designer membership of the Foundation and According to Norbeck, “Out of a showcase at Coe Hall to leverage OPRHP to plan the future growth of current annual operating budget of $400,000 worth of private investment Planting Fields and chart the progress about $2.5 million, the public/private in the restoration and rehabilitation of towards realization of the goals of the split is approximately 65%-35%.” various first and second floor rooms master plan.” Among the actions Norbeck added, “Without the com- and to pay for the design and installa- recommended by the plan were bined support of the property’s 400 tion of state-of-the-art security and fire designation of the property as both an volunteers, the 1,500 members of the protection systems. arboretum and a state historic park, Foundation and OPRHP, we could not In addition, increased support ongoing historical and biological maintain, let alone expand, the breadth from the Bureau of Historic Sites staff surveys, the continued restoration and of our operations and uphold our at the Peebles Island Resource Center interpretation of historic resources and preservation mandate.” (PIRC) provided Planting Fields with landscape features, improvement of the Lorraine Gilligan recalled, “When condition assessments of historic site’s circulation system, increased I was hired by the Foundation in 1979, buildings, a cultural landscape report, access to Coe Hall through extended Coe Hall was virtually empty with active participation on the Stewardship hours and opening its second floor to only one room furnished. Through the Committee, and conserved art and the public, the development of profes- vision and tremendous support furnishings. The Foundation’s staff, sional standards for both horticultural provided by the Foundation, I have had consultants and PIRC conservators are and historic collections, and increased the privilege to experience the return also collaborating on the on-going staffing. of the house and its principal outbuild- treatment of the imaginative “buffalo John Norbeck explained that ings to their former grandeur as mural” in Coe Hall’s breakfast room, OPRHP originally assumed responsi- featured by the Arts and Entertainment which was painted in 1922 by New bility for arboretum operations, park Network in its 1998 series America’s York City artist Robert Chanler.

20 The New York State Preservationist During 2000, over 250,000 OPRHP have been working together to She credited the continuing involve- visitors attended special events, restore the estate’s 1916-1922 Italian ment of the Coe family with the horticultural programs and concerts at Garden and main entrance. These success of establishing the the park, toured Coe Hall, or simply recent projects have benefited from Foundation’s $19 million endowment enjoyed the estate’s seasonal plantings state grants awarded under the Envi- and soliciting the return of dispersed both inside the greenhouses and on the ronmental Protection Fund, which will furnishings to Coe Hall. As active grounds. John Norbeck remarked, be matched by the more than $1 members of the Foundation’s board, “We are in a period of remarkable million raised by the Foundation. family members participate in policy- growth that includes an unprecedented According to Watson, the current making and strategic planning investment in the park’s historic makeup of the Foundation’s Board of processes. resources and infrastruc- ture.” Among the exciting initiatives that Norbeck identified is the rehabilitation of the estate’s Hay Barn as the park’s visitor center and archives, which will house an important collection of photographs, negatives, drawings and correspondence chroni- cling the planning, design and development of Long Island’s state park system. The PIRC collections management staff are undertaking an inventory of this remark- able resource and developing a catalogue and plan for its safe storage. The ultimate goal is to create an archive center in the Hay The April 27, 2001 press conference at Planting Fields announcing an Environmental Protection Fund grant to help rehabilitate the Hay Barn. From left to right are Governor George E. Pataki, Planting Fields Foundation president Elizabeth Watson, Friends of Planting Fields president Peter Tillis and Planting Fields executive director Lorraine Gilligan.

Trustees includes Coe family members, As the Foundation’s chief business people, community leaders operating officer and director of Coe and experts in horticulture and design. Hall for more than twenty years, Watson noted that she would like to Lorraine Gilligan described the “recruit more professionals from the relationship between the Foundation worlds of museums and botanical and OPRHP as energetic, creative and gardens, as well as specialists in the always productive. In recent years, fields of architectural history and she has watched over the growth of historic landscape preservation.” the Foundation’s staff from two to eight members. Gilligan observed, Drawing of the rehabilitated Hay Barn as “Planting Fields today is being treated visitor center amd Long Island regional in a holistic manner and preserved archive. Courtesy of Ward Associates as a historic estate, while at the same time maintaining its Barn. When the project is arboretum collections as a completed, the collection will public resource consistent with be accessible to OPRHP staff Mr. Coe’s original wishes.” and the public for research, education and interpretation. In September 2001, the Foundation In addition to a received a generous gift of $1 million wide range of published for this project from the Marion O. and materials, information about Planting Maximillian E. Hoffman Foundation. Fields State Historic Park is available on In addition, the Foundation and its website at www.plantingfields.com.

The New York State Preservationist 21 2001 New York State Historic Preservation Awards

Lifetime Achievement Award ere is a summary of this year’s state preservation Orin Lehman H awards, which were presented during the As Commissioner of the State Historic Preservation Summit in Albany on May 17. Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic They are as diverse as New York’s heritage - from Preservation from 1975 to 1993, Orin exemplary leadership and creative partnerships to skillful Lehman helped safeguard some of New rehabilitation and innovative demonstration projects. York’s most significant historic resources. His accomplishments include helping to enact the State Historic Preservation Act of 1980, which established the New York State Annual Not-For-Profit Achievement Award Registers of Historic Places. He advanced the Environmental Quality Bond Act of 1986 (EQBA), which Theodore Roosevelt Association awarded matching grants to hundreds of preservation projects across the The Theodore Roosevelt Association state. Under his leadership, State Parks also demonstrated that offering has made an exceptional contribution to EQBA grants for the restoration of historic religious properties did not preserving the legacy of Theodore conflict with the constitution or the laws of the state. He oversaw the Roosevelt. Founded in 1919 and creation of the state’s Urban Cultural Park System, now the State chartered by Congress in 1920, the Heritage Areas. And, in 1987, Commissioner Lehman opened association is one of the most important Ganondagan, New York’s first Native American state historic site, which sources of information about Theodore preserves the remains of an important 17th century Iroquois town in Roosevelt. The association has also Victor, New York. helped protect important Roosevelt sites, including his birthplace in The Picotte Companies Manhattan, the Roosevelt family home The Picotte Companies have demonstrated an outstanding commitment in Oyster Bay and his presidential to preserving Albany’s inaugural site in Buffalo. Through a heritage. The cultural variety of educational and community resource investigations that outreach initiatives, the association were undertaken at the site effectively presents Theodore of a new downtown office Roosevelt as a role model for all building represent one of ages. the Capital District’s most significant archeological excavations. The company Annual Private Sector Achievement Award played a key role in ensuring that adequate time Tick Hall, Montauk and funding were made In 1997, the home of actress Carrie Nye and her husband, available for a thorough Site of office building looking south. television host and comedian Dick Cavett, was destroyed by fire. examination of the site. As Despite this disaster, a result, a virtual “city block from the past” was uncovered, featuring they have meticu- 18th and 19th century building foundations, drainage features and artifact- lously reconstructed filled privies. The Picotte Companies are to be commended for their Tick Hall with the dedication to protecting and interpreting this important archeological help of architects discovery. Wank Adams Slavin Associates and a NYS Department of Transportation talented team of Under the leadership of Commissioner Joseph Boardman, the State craftspeople. The Department of Transportation (DOT) has made a significant contribution house was originally to integrating historic preservation into statewide built as part of an transportation activities, from developing 1880s summer treatments that blend safety with preservation to enclave known as undertaking an inventory of historic bridges. the Montauk Through its administration of enhancement Association, which Tick Hall reconstructed - programs under the Intermodal Surface featured a landscape 2001 Transportation and Efficiency Act (ISTEA) and designed by Frederick Law Olmsted and cottages Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century designed by McKim, Mead and White. The new (TEA-21), the DOT also has demonstrated a strong Tick Hall is virtually an exact copy of the original, commitment to merging transportation with from its design and materials to its decorative community revitalization efforts. These and similar details. This remarkable project is a testament to activities have confirmed that the DOT is the commitment of its owners to rebuilding their committed to context sensitive design and to treasured home and to the talents of the design and View of the Taconic State Parkway making New York’s historic built environment an construction team. looking north near Martindale in important part of the state’s future transportation Columbia County, 1996. programs. 22 The New York State Preservationist Saving Paper and Magazines

People often save newspapers and magazines as a way to remember an The New York Times cover - Copyright © event like the recent attack September 12, 2001, The New York Times on the World Trade Center. Company. Reprinted by permission. Newspapers deteriorate quickly due to the poor quality of newsprint . Magazines are a bit more stable but also can deteriorate if not cared for properly. The Northeast Document Conservation Center in Andover, Massachusetts offers the following suggestions for preserving these materials: • Keep them away from dirt, heat, damp and excess light. • Photocopy newspaper articles or clippings onto buffered, archival quality paper. The copy will outlast the original. Also, store the copy and the original separately. • Items should be stored unfolded in buffered folders. • Avoid using staples or paper clips that can rust or damage paper. Stable cool and dry environments are best for paper treasures but are often difficult to maintain in homes. Consider The New York Times Magazine cover, using archival quality enclosures such as “Phantom Towers,” conceived by boxes, envelopes and folders to slow materials that contain plasticizers. Paul Myoda and Julian LaVerdiere. deterioration. Storage boxes, folders, Use preservation grade polyesters Original photograph by Fred R Conrad/ etc. should be low in lignin and buffered such as Melinex or Mylar D. The New York Times. Digital manipulation throughout. If you choose to use plastic Consult the Northeast Document by The New York Times. Copyright © materials, avoid using polyvinyl chloride Conservation Center website at September 23, 2001, The New York Times or polyethylene and polypropylene www.nedcc.org for more information. Company. Reprinted by permission.

What do you do when your basement floods and your collec- Help Us Update tion of magazines is thoroughly soaked? For help on this and Our Mailing List other disasters, try the following websites: If • you or your office receives www.nedcc.org Go to “Disaster Assistance.” duplicate copies of The Preservationist www.ccaha.org Go to “Disaster Services.” • the mailing address is inaccurate or www.neh.org Click on “Saving Your Family Treasures.” incomplete www.aam-us.org Go to “Helping Museums Affected by the New York City • you no longer wish to receive the Disaster” and click on “Disaster Recovery Information newsletter and Resources.” • you or someone you know would like www.archives.gov Go to Archives and Preservation. to receive The Preservationist www.loc.gov Go to Collections and Services—Preservation. Please send corrections to: The Preservationist Historic Preservation Field Services Bureau For information on how to receive photographic reprints, back issues or page reprints Peebles Island of any page from The New York Times, please send your email inquiry to PO Box 189 [email protected] for an order form. Waterford, NY 12188

The New York State Preservationist 23 Flying Colors

During the Civil War, New York State Militia General George E. Danforth recruited members for an infantry regiment from Delaware, Schenectady and Schoharie counties. Designated as the 134th New York Volunteers, they were mustered into service in September 1862 and over the next three years participated in more than thirty engagements, including Gettysburg and General Sherman’s “march to the sea.” In the spring of 1863, the 134th carried its general guide flags (including the one pictured here) into battle at Chancellorsville, Virginia. The regiment fell victim to Confederate General Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson’s surprise assault and its guide flags were captured during the inches, is from the collection of the Waterford and will eventually be attack. In 1865, the flags were New York State Military Museum transferred to the Division of Military returned to New York’s adjutant and Veterans Research Center, and Naval Affairs flag archive. The general, General William Irvine, who Division of Military and Naval archive will be housed in the new transferred them to the Bureau of Affairs. It is one of the many flags military museum being developed at Military Statistics. This handmade that have been conserved at the the New York State Armory in silk flag, which measures 19 by 24 Peebles Island Resource Center in Saratoga Springs.

The preparation of this newsletter has been financed in part with Federal funds from the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. However, the information, contents and opinions do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of the Interior. In addition, under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, the U.S. Department of the Interior prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, or handicap in its federally assisted programs. If you believe you have been discriminated against in the information presented above, or if you desire more information, please write to: Office of Equal Opportunity, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C. 20240.

New York State Office of Parks, PRSRT STD Recreation and Historic Preservation US POSTAGE The Governor Nelson A. Rockefeller Empire State Plaza PAID Agency Building 1 ALBANY NY Albany, New York 12238 PERMIT NO #570

The New York State Preservationist