IUCN SSC Horseshoe Crab Specialist Group
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Wisdom of Crowds Reveals Decline of Asian Horseshoe Crabs in Beibu Gulf, China
Wisdom of Crowds reveals decline of Asian horseshoe crabs in Beibu Gulf, China Y ONGYAN L IAO,HWEY-LIAN H SIEH,SHUQING X U ,QIUPING Z HONG J UAN L EI,MINGZHONG L IANG,HUAIYI F ANG,LILI X U ,WUYING L IN X IAOBO X IAO,CHANG-PO C HEN,SIU G IN C HEUNG and B ILLY K. Y. KWAN Abstract Population decline among Asian horseshoe crabs in Supplementary material for this article can be found at Asia is increasingly reported, but knowledge of their popula- https://doi.org/./SX tion and ecological status in China is limited. We conducted community interviews in fishing villages around Beibu Gulf in Guangxi, China, to collect distribution information about the potential spawning/nursery grounds of Tachypleus Introduction tridentatus and Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda,andanyimmi- ecording changes in population status and identifying nent threats to their populations. Based on the results from anthropogenic factors responsible for species declines respondents we identified potential spawning/nursery R are fundamental for evaluating potential risks to biodiver- grounds distributed widely along the shores of Beibu Gulf. We sity and developing effective conservation management ac- visited of these sites and verified the presence of juvenile tions (Segan et al., ; Turvey et al., ; Bland et al., ). horseshoe crabs by field surveys. Nearly all respondents re- However, it can be difficult to obtain direct information on ported an overall depletion in horseshoe crab populations such parameters for species of conservation concern, par- from these sites, which they attributed mainly to unsustain- ticularly in geographical regions that have large human po- able fishing practices. -
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摘要手册 | ABSTRACT BOOK 2019 Horseshoe Crab International Workshop Integrating Science, Conservation & Education CONTENTS 目录 特邀报告 | PLENARY TALKS Paul K.S. SHIN. City University of Hong Kong. Hope for Horseshoe Crab Conservation in Asia-Pacific 单锦城. 香港城市大学. 亚太区鲎物种保护的希望 …………….…....16 Jennifer MATTEI. Sacred Heart University. The Power of Citizen Science: Twenty Years of Horseshoe Crab Community Research Merging Conservation with Education Jennifer MATTEI. 美国Sacred Heart大学. 公民科学的力量: 鲎社区研究二十年,保育和教育相结合 ………………………...…..18 Jayant Kurma MISHRA. Pondicherry University. Horseshoe Crabs in the Face of Climate Change: Future Challenges and Conservation Strategies for their Sustainable Growth and Existence Jayant Kurma MISHRA. 印度Pondicherry大学. 气候变化下鲎 可持续增长和生存的挑战与相应保护策略 ………………….…..…20 Yongyan LIAO. Beibu Gulf University. The Research of Science and Conservation of Horseshoe Crabs in China 廖永岩. 北部湾大学. 中国的鲎科学与保护研究 ……………..………..22 2019 Horseshoe Crab International Workshop Integrating Science, Conservation & Education 口头报告 | ORAL PRESENTATION Theme 1 HORSESHOE CRAB POPULATION ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION 主题1 鲎种群生态学和演化 Stine VESTBO. Aarhus University. Global distributions of horseshoe crabs and their breeding areas ………………………………..26 Basudev TRIPATHY. Zoological Survey of India. Mapping of horseshoe crab habitats in India ……………………………………….….…..27 Ali MASHAR. Bogor Agricultural University. Population estimation of horseshoe crab Tachypleus tridentatus (Leach, 1819) in Balikpapan waters, East Kalimantan, Indonesia ………..…28 Lizhe CAI. Xiamen University. Population dynamics -
The Final Spawning Ground of Tachypleus Gigas
The final spawning ground of Tachypleus gigas (Müller, 1785) on the east Peninsular Malaysia is at risk: a call for action Bryan Raveen Nelson1,2, Behara Satyanarayana3,4,5, Julia Hwei Zhong Moh1, Mhd Ikhwanuddin1, Anil Chatterji6 and Faizah Shaharom7 1 Institute of Tropical Aquaculture (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu—UMT, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia 2 Horseshoe Crab Research Group (HCRG), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu—UMT, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia 3 Mangrove Research Unit (MARU), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu—UMT, Institute of Oceanography and Environment (INOS), Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia 4 Laboratory of Systems Ecology and Resource Management, Université Libre de Bruxelles—ULB, Brussels, Belgium 5 Laboratory of Plant Biology and Nature Management, Vrije Universiteit Brussel—VUB, Brussels, Belgium 6 Biological Oceanography Division, National Institute of Oceanography (NIO), Goa, India 7 Institute of Kenyir Research (IPK), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu—UMT, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia ABSTRACT Tanjung Selongor and Pantai Balok (State Pahang) are the only two places known for spawning activity of the Malaysian horseshoe crab - Tachypleus gigas (Müller, 1785) on the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia. While the former beach has been disturbed by several anthropogenic activities that ultimately brought an end to the spawning activity of T. gigas, the status of the latter remains uncertain. In the present study, the spawning behavior of T. gigas at Pantai Balok (Sites I-III) was observed over a period of thirty six months, in three phases, between 2009 and 2013. Every year, the crab's nesting Submitted 20 March 2016 activity was found to be high during Southwest monsoon (May–September) followed Accepted 17 June 2016 Published 19 July 2016 by Northeast (November–March) and Inter monsoon (April and October) periods. -
Japanese Horseshoe Crab (Tachypleus Tridentatus)
Japanese Horseshoe Crab (Tachypleus tridentatus) Table of Contents Geographic Range ........................................................................................................ 1 Occurrence within range states .................................................................................... 1 Transport and introduction ........................................................................................... 2 Population ..................................................................................................................... 4 Population genetics ..................................................................................................... 4 Divergence time estimates ........................................................................................... 4 Point of origin ............................................................................................................... 5 Dispersal patterns ........................................................................................................ 5 Genetic diversity .......................................................................................................... 5 Conservation implications ............................................................................................ 9 Habitat, Biology & Ecology ......................................................................................... 10 Spawning ................................................................................................................... 10 Larval -
Enhanced Growth of Juvenile Tachypleus Tridentatus (Chelicerata: Xiphosura) in the Laboratory: a Step Towards Population Restocking for Conservation of the Species
Vol. 11: 37–46, 2010 AQUATIC BIOLOGY Published online November 10 doi: 10.3354/ab00289 Aquat Biol Enhanced growth of juvenile Tachypleus tridentatus (Chelicerata: Xiphosura) in the laboratory: a step towards population restocking for conservation of the species Yan Chen1, 2, C. W. Lau1, S. G. Cheung1, 3, C. H. Ke4, Paul K. S. Shin1, 3,* 1Department of Biology and Chemistry, and 3State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 2College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999, Hu Cheng Loop-road, Lingang New City, Shanghai, PR China 4State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Oceanography and Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China ABSTRACT: Juveniles of artificially bred Tachypleus tridentatus were reared in the laboratory for 15.5 mo. Fast growth (at least 3 times faster than in previous studies) and low mortality were observed, with juveniles reaching the 9th instar stage and having a cumulative mortality of 61.3% at the end of the rearing period. Such enhanced growth can potentially be attributed to high seawater temperature, sufficient living space and constant water flow. Isometric growth of prosomal width and other growth parameters including opisthosoma width, eye distance and prosomal length was found. Two distinct growth phases were detected for the opisthosoma length, with zero growth from the 1st to 2nd instar but isometric growth from the 2nd to 9th instar stage. Growth in telson length was pos- itively allometric from the 1st to 3rd instar and isometric from the 3rd to 9th instar stage. -
Comparison of Horseshoe Crabs (Tachypleus Gigas) Morphometry Between Different Populations Using Allometric Analysis Mohd R
Comparison of horseshoe crabs (Tachypleus gigas) morphometry between different populations using allometric analysis Mohd R. M. Razak, Zaleha Kassim Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, Bandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. Corresponding author: M. R. M. Razak, [email protected] Abstract. Studies on horseshoe crabs morphometrics found that they have maintained their descendent features from the Late Ordovician Period to present day. In the present study, we applied the allometric study to evaluate the correlation of body growth in three populations of the Asian horseshoe crab (Tachypleus gigas) collected from Balok (Pahang), Cherok Paloh (Pahang) and Merlimau (Melaka), Malaysia, coastal areas. The aims of this study are to examine the logarithmic growth of horseshoe crabs between three populations by analyzing the variation of their body weight (BW), carapace length (CL), carapace width (CW) and telson length (TEL) to determine their growth and maturity. Their body parameters were analyzed by the allometric method. There are no significant differences between males weight in all populations (p>0.05). However, females from Merlimau were smallest (BW: 519.7±66.3 g; CL: 21.1±1.1 cm; CW: 19.6±0.9 cm) among the three populations; Balok (BW: 928.5±123.2 g; CL: 23.8±1.0 cm; CW: 23.3±1.0 cm) and Cherok Paloh (BW: 939.8±125.7 g; CL: 25.4±1.5 cm; CW: 25.1±1.6 cm). Males and females of T. gigas in Merlimau could be classified as less matured among Balok and Cherok Paloh, since the increment of CL/CW were higher than their BW. -
Conserving the Understudied Invertebrates: a Call for a Systematic Monitoring Protocol for Asian Horseshoe Crabs in Nursery Habitats
Vol. 40: 369–373, 2019 ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH Published December 19 https://doi.org/10.3354/esr01003 Endang Species Res OPENPEN ACCESSCCESS NOTE Conserving the understudied invertebrates: a call for a systematic monitoring protocol for Asian horseshoe crabs in nursery habitats Chun-Chieh Wang1,2,3, Shiang-Lin Huang2, Xueping Wang4, Peng Xu4, Xing Huang4, Yongyan Liao3,4, Xiaoyong Xie5, Kit Yue Kwan3,4,* 1Marine Biology Institute, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, PR China 2Guangxi Beibu Gulf Marine Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530000, PR China 3Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, Guangxi, 535011, PR China 4College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, Guangxi, 535011, PR China 5Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture of China, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510300, PR China ABSTRACT: Baseline information on population size, trends and spatial distribution are important for population status assessments of threatened taxa. The 3 species of Asian horseshoe crabs (Tachy pleus tridentatus, T. gigas, Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda) are declining throughout their geo graphic ranges, and identifying their essential nursery habitats and monitoring juvenile popu- lation changes is necessary for conservation management. We reviewed juvenile population stud- ies published during 2001−2019 to evaluate which sampling methods were commonly adopted and how baseline data were presented. The applied methods included random or systematic quadrat (35%), random visual search (41%) and belt transect (47%). Juvenile population sampling and data reporting were generally insufficient for assessing population status and clarifying nursery habitat configuration. -
Present and Potential Future Distributions of Asian Horseshoe Crabs Determine Areas for Conservation
ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 14 May 2018 doi: 10.3389/fmars.2018.00164 Present and Potential Future Distributions of Asian Horseshoe Crabs Determine Areas for Conservation Stine Vestbo 1*, Matthias Obst 2, Francisco J. Quevedo Fernandez 3, Itsara Intanai 4 and Peter Funch 1 1 Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark, 2 Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden, 3 School of Computer Science and Informatics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom, 4 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani, Thailand Conservation of horseshoe crabs has recently received increasing attention as several populations are in decline. However, scarce information on their distributions in Southeast Asia is impairing conservation efforts. In this study, we sought to improve our understanding of the geographical range and distinct populations of the three Asian horseshoe crabs species in order to identify optimal conservation areas. We mapped the Edited by: Rochelle Diane Seitz, geographic range of Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda, Tachypleus gigas, and T. tridentatus Virginia Institute of Marine Science, using recent data from field work, literature, Global Biodiversity Information Facility United States (GBIF), and unpublished data from our scientific network. The data were correlated with Reviewed by: Youji Wang, 23 different environmental variables of potential ecological importance for horseshoe Shanghai Ocean University, China crabs using the openModeller webservices, including new tidal variables. Ecological Francine Kershaw, niche models were generated using two algorithms, Maximum Entropy and support Natural Resources Defense Council, United States vector machine, for the three species under present conditions, and projected into a *Correspondence: climate change scenario of 2050. -
Horseshoe Crab: a Biogem of the Estuarine Ecosystem
MOJ Biology and Medicine Short Communication Open Access Horseshoe crab: A biogem of the estuarine ecosystem Abstract Volume 1 Issue 2 - 2017 Conservation of horseshoe crab is currently done by several ecological and Kakoli Banerjee,1 Abhijit Mitra2 biotechnological approaches. The species is considered a multiple-use resource, as 1Department of Biodiversity & Conservation of Natural it plays an important role as bait in a commercial fishery, as a source of an important Resources, University of Orissa, Landiguda, India biomedical product, as an important food source for multiple species of migratory 2Department of Marine Science, University of Calcutta, India shorebirds, as well as in several other minor, but important, uses. Concern has arisen that horseshoe crabs may be declining in number. In this report we have discussed Correspondence: Abhijit Mitra, Department of Marine the general biology, ecology, and population status of the horseshoe crab species Science, University of Calcutta, 35 B.C. Road, Kolkata 700 019, inhabiting the shore of Chandipur (Orissa). We have also discussed the role played India, Email [email protected] by the species in the commercial fishery, in the biomedical industry, as well as for the shorebirds. An account of the strategy of horseshoe crab conservation is also included Received: May 25, 2017 | Published: June 13, 2017 in context to establishment of fish landing station at Chandipur (Orissa). Introduction shorebirds that rely on the eggs of horseshoe crabs for food, the biomedical companies that extract blood from horseshoe crabs to 1 Horseshoe crabs, the closest living relatives of the trilobites, have produce a widely used test for the presence of endotoxins, and the 2 persisted for more than 200 million years. -
Some Interesting News About the Mangrove Horseshoe Crab In
Some Interesting News about the Understudied Mangrove Horseshoe Crab in Peninsular Malaysia By B. Satyanarayana1, N. Fairuz-Fozi1 N. Ashikin Mat Zauki1, A.M. Kaben1, A.M. Muslim1, B.R. Nelson2, L. Triest3, F. Dahdouh-Guebas3,4 1 Institute of Oceanography and Environment (INOS), UMT 2 Institute of Tropical Biodiversity and Sustainable Development (IBTPL), UMT 3 Laboratory of Plant Biology and Nature Management (APNA), VUB 4 Laboratory of Systems Ecology and Resource Management (SERM), ULB Profile Name : Behara Satyanarayana (Satyam) Educational Qualifications : MSc, PhD Current Position : Associate Professor Organization : Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT), Malaysia (2013 - to present) Specialization : Mangrove Ecology with Remote Sensing & GIS Research Interests . Ecosystem assessment (Flora & Fauna) . Spatio-temporal dynamics (RS & GIS) . Conservation and management Technical Expertise . Ground-inventory for wetland/coastal habitats . Air photos acquisition through UAVs . Remote sensing image processing and analysis . Univariate and multivariate data analyses . Species-environment relationship Asian American & Smith, 2009 Smith, & Tachypleus Carcinoscorpius Tachypleus Limulus tridentatus rotundicauda gigas polyphemus Brockmann Early colonists in America called the horseshoe crabs as “king crabs” Loveland, 2001 (Limulus in the Limelight, Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers) Scientist Dr. Anil Chatterji with a largest Tachypleus gigas collected from Malaysian waters (Science Reporter 2013: 19-22) Life history Horseshoe crab is a long lived marine arthropod Embryogenesis: up to 45 days Juvenile to adult : 8-9 years Adult : 8-10 years (along the coastlines) (in deep waters) (coast / deep sea) https://www.amazon.in/Secret-Tilbury-House-Nature-Book/dp/0884484335 The coast of New Jersey in the vicinity of Delaware Bay is the site of the largest https://www.amazon.com/Fossil-Claire- population of horseshoe crabs in the world Ewart/dp/0802737374 Tachypleus Amebocyte Lysate kit Assoc.developed Prof. -
Classification and Characterization of Hemocytes from Two Asian Horseshoe Crab Species Tachypleus Tridentatus and Carcinoscorpiu
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Classifcation and characterization of hemocytes from two Asian horseshoe crab species Tachypleus Received: 3 January 2019 Accepted: 29 April 2019 tridentatus and Carcinoscorpius Published: xx xx xxxx rotundicauda Fangli Wu1,2,3, Zhe Xie1,2,3, Mingyan Yan1,2,3, Qiongzhen Li4, Jie Song5, Menghong Hu1,2,3 & Youji Wang 1,2,3,4 In present study, transmission electron microscopy and fow cytometry were utilized to investigate the classifcation, characterization and immune functions of hemocytes from horseshoe crab, Tachypleus tridentatus and Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda. Three types of hemocytes were distinguished respectively: the granular cell, the semi-granular cell and the hyaline cell by transmission electron microscopy, while three hemocyte subpopulations (Gate 1 cell, Gate 2 cell, Gate 3 cell) were classifed by fow cytometry. Hyaline cell was the major cell type with the highest nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio and granular cell and semi-granular cell showed lower ratios. Immune parameters of hemocytes in horseshoe crabs were investigated by fow cytometry. Diferent hemocyte subpopulations respond for diverse functions. Lysosomal contents and hemocyte mortality in Gate 3 cell subpopulation were higher than that in other subpopulations, while reactive oxygen species, phagocytosis and non-specifc esterase, in Gate 1 cell subpopulation, were higher than those in other subpopulations. The hemocyte types between the two species had no signifcant diferences in staining or morphology. Te horseshoe crab is a living fossil animal, belonging to Arthropoda, Chelicerata, Merostomata, Xiphosura. Tere are merely four species surviving in the world1 and three of them once have been discovered along the coasts of the East and South China Seas2, including Tachypleus tridentatus and Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda. -
WIDTH-WEIGHT and LENGTH-WEIGHT RELATIONSHIPS of the TRI-SPINE HORSESHOE CRAB, Tachypleus Tridentatus (LEACH 1819) from TWO POPUL
Journal of Sustainability Science and Management ISSN: 1823-8556 Volume 11 Number 1, June 2016: 1-13 © Penerbit UMT WIDTH-WEIGHT AND LENGTH-WEIGHT RELATIONSHIPS OF THE TRI-SPINE HORSESHOE CRAB, Tachypleus tridentatus (LEACH 1819) FROM TWO POPULATIONS IN SABAH, MALAYSIA: IMPLICATIONS FOR POPULATION MANAGEMENT FARIDAH MOHAMAD1*, AZWARFARID MANCA1, AMIRRUDIN AHMAD1, MUHD FAWWAZ AFHAM MOHD SOFA1, AMIRUL ASYRAF ALIA’M2 AND NORAZNAWATI ISMAIL2 1School of Marine and Environmental Sciences, 2Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Horseshoe Crab Research Group, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu. *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract: A morphometry study of 259 individuals of Tri-spine horseshoe crab Tachypleus tridentatus was carried out from April to October 2014 in two populations in Sabah, Malaysia, one in Tanjung Limau and another in Inderasabah. Two methods were used, i.e. visual search and gill netting. Both sites showed a higher number of males with 1.01:1 OSR (χ²=0.005, df=1, P>0.05) in Tanjung Limau, and 2.42:1 OSR (χ²=19.55, df=1, P<0.05) in Inderasabah. T. tridentatus collected from Tanjung Limau are larger than the population from Inderasabah. The prosomal width (PW) frequency for males ranged from 30-31 cm and 26-27 cm whereas for females ranged from 38-39 cm and 30-31 cm in Tanjung Limau and Inderasabah respectively. The prosomal width-weight relationship were W=0.0028 PW3.9273 and W=0.0125 PW3.5245, while the total length- weight relationship are W=0.0152 TL2.8465 and W=0.0202 TL2.7536 for Tanjung Limau and Inderasabah respectively.