DOCSLIB.ORG

Ejaculation and Orgasm: Sexuality in Men with SCI

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ejaculation and Orgasm: Sexuality in Men with SCI Ejaculation and Orgasm: Sexuality in Men with SCI Stacy Elliott Downloaded from http://meridian.allenpress.com/tscir/article-pdf/8/1/1/1983155/dktr-k2la-dg50-gj7h.pdf by guest on 25 September 2021 Ejaculation and orgasm are two entities of sexual satisfaction in men after spinal cord injury (SCI). The scientific literature focuses on potentiating erection and on the sperm retrieval procedures for fertility purposes, but little has been written about the pleasurable aspects of ejaculation and the potential for orgasm in men after SCI. Men with SCI who have lower motor neuron or incomplete injuries appear to have an increased chance of ejaculating through sexual practices, whereas men who have injuries above neurologi- cal level T10 respond best to vibrostimulation. Orgasm after SCI is a local, learned spinal reflex that is interpreted via cerebral centers. In general, intense genital stimulation may be needed to elicit the subjective experience of orgasm, but extragenital stimulation or cerebral input alone can lead to orgasmic release for some men after SCI. Sexual rehabilitation includes three principles: maximization of the innate physiological potential, adaptation to limitations, and promotion of a positive outlook for sexual potential via experimen- tation. Key words: ejaculation, erection, orgasm, spinal cord injury any articles on male sexuality after partner.3,4 More recently, client-oriented spinal cord injury (SCI) focus ei- writings5 promote positive sexuality and Mther on erection dysfunction or on pleasure for the person with SCI. A focus on fertility problems. However, little attention the enhancement of the remaining capacities is paid specifically to the psychophysiologi- instead of preoccupation with the lost capaci- cal aspects of sexual pleasure attainable after ties, as well as receptivity to the sexual power SCI, including the ability to ejaculate and the of emotional intimacy, may result in a more subjective experience of orgasm. After SCI, rewarding sexual life after injury. many men initially focus on the ability to Current literature on erection function in achieve an erection adequate for sexual inter- men with SCI is not centered on the attain- course, even if they cannot feel the erection ment and reliability of natural erections after or the pelvic arousal per se. Earlier research- SCI but on methods of erection enhance- ers1,2 emphasized the vicarious pursuit of ment. Literature on ejaculation tends to focus pleasure after SCI, claiming the loss of this “genitopelvic”1(p90) awareness resulted in a focus on the “cerebrocognitional aspect”1(p91) Stacy Elliott, MD, is Clinical Professor, UBC Depart- of sexual ability, with satisfaction mainly ment of Psychiatry, Division of Sexual Medicine; Sexual Medicine Consultant to the Sexual Medicine resulting from a “boost of self-esteem and Clinic, BC Center for Sexual Medicine; Sexual Reha- pride of accomplishment at being able to bilitation Consultant to Sexual Health Department, GF satisfy the partner.”1(p91) Strong Rehabilitation Center; and Co-Director, However, later articles emphasized that Vancouver Sperm Retrieval Clinic, BC Center for the sexual pleasure of the person with tet- Sexual Medicine, British Columbia, Canada. raplegia or paraplegia need not be limited to Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil 2002;8(1):1–15 the satisfaction gained by gratification of a © 2002 Thomas Land Publishers, Inc. 1 2TOPICS IN SPINAL CORD INJURY REHABILITATION/SUMMER 2002 on sperm retrieval methodology. Erection This article will concentrate on aspects of dysfunction treatments and sperm retrieval genital sexual functioning and pleasure in for fertility are both very important in the men after SCI, including the potential for sexual rehabilitation of men after SCI, but ejaculation and orgasm and how these inter- sexual pleasure is also of great significance. relate with erectile capacity. The neuro- There is a paucity of information on orgas- physiology of erection has become well elu- Downloaded from http://meridian.allenpress.com/tscir/article-pdf/8/1/1/1983155/dktr-k2la-dg50-gj7h.pdf by guest on 25 September 2021 mic sensations accompanying ejaculation cidated over the last few years, and during sperm retrieval in a clinical setting, let ejaculation physiology is not far behind. alone sensations accompanying ejaculation However, there is little comparable under- at home in a more conducive, private setting. standing of orgasm or even how orgasm is Clinicians have been told of orgasmic expe- defined, especially after SCI. This article is riences that are unaccompanied by ejacula- an overview of the current literature com- tion.6 No formal surveys have looked at such bined with my clinical experience, observa- occurrences, but these anecdotal reports are tions, and theories about the mechanism and crucial in the clinician’s learning, under- sexual interpretations of erection, ejacula- standing, and knowledge of sexual physiol- tion, and orgasmic function after SCI. Other ogy after SCI and they ultimately direct new articles in this issue provide more specific research. For the patient, the Internet is prob- information on erection dysfunction and its ably the biggest source of such information. management, sperm retrieval, and fertility. The use of chat lines or question and answer sites to share experiences is a valuable Sexual Functioning After SCI method of learning how to obtain better arousal and release. Clearly, the area of natu- The 1960 article by Bors and Comarr7 is ral arousal, release, and sexual pleasure for one of the original, and most frequently cited, both men and women after SCI needs further self-report studies on the sexual capacity of directed, scientific research. men after SCI. Their objective was to quan- The scientific literature has focused prima- tify sexual responses according to level of rily on self-reports and, therefore, on subjective injury and completeness of SCI but not to definitions of erection, ejaculation, and orgas- provide information about sexual pleasure or mic capacity. An erection that is defined as overall sexual satisfaction. The issues of adequate for vaginal penetration in a study sexual and fertility rehabilitation were not as protocol may be quite different from an erec- openly approached in the hospital setting tion that is rigid and reliable enough for satisfy- then as they are today. Without the erection ing coital and/or noncoital sexual activities. For enhancement techniques and fertility options most men, ejaculation is considered to have that are available now, sexual and paternity occurred if there is visible confirmation of expectations were understandably down- ejaculate, yet orgasmic capacity can be variably played by health professionals. Erection en- interpreted and may not be related to ejacula- hancement consisted mainly of penile pros- tion at all. Furthermore, it is only by going thesis until intracavernosal injection became beyond conventional scientific thinking about available in the early 1980s. Fertility was sexual physiology that some men with SCI limited to those men who could ejaculate have experienced their full sexual potential. with sexual activity and whose sperm quality Ejaculation and Orgasm 3 was adequate for conception; this was about 5% of men in the original study.7 It must be Ejaculation consists of two stages – remembered that bladder care was less so- seminal emission and propulsatile phisticated at that time, the level and extent ejaculation – and is mediated through of the spinal injuries were not as well de- the T10-S4 segments of the spinal cord. fined, and surgical procedures and medica- Downloaded from http://meridian.allenpress.com/tscir/article-pdf/8/1/1/1983155/dktr-k2la-dg50-gj7h.pdf by guest on 25 September 2021 tions used for bladder management may ac- tually have interfered with sexual function and fertility potential. of vibrostimulation, ejaculation is more Since the original report, other researchers likely to occur, especially in patients whose have investigated the ranges of sexual capac- injury is above the T10 neurological level. ity. The reported frequency of erections in The vibrator is capable of specific frequen- men with SCI ranges from 54% to 95%, and cies and amplitudes not easily duplicated by frequency of ejaculation ranges from 3% to sexual techniques. However, for some men, 20%.7–9 A data summary10 in 1977 showed the reverse is true; they can ejaculate to erection capacity as 93% reflexogenic in specific sexual stimulation but not to patients with complete upper motor neuron vibrostimulation. (UMN) lesions, 98% reflexogenic in patients Recent self-report studies of men with SCI with incomplete UMN lesions, 26% psy- state that 42%–47% experience orgasm of a chogenic in patients with complete lower similar, weaker, or different quality than motor neuron (LMN) lesions, and 83% psy- preinjury.13,14 Although awareness of genital chogenic in patients with incomplete LMN orgasm (the ability to feel genitally centered lesions. Bors and Comarr7 indicated that men orgasmic release) is assumed to depend on with incomplete injuries and UMN injuries intact genital afferents (upgoing lateral had a better prognosis for erection as com- spinothalamic tracts) to the brain and intact pared to complete and LMN injuries, but it efferents (downgoing corticospinal tracts) must be remembered that self-reports do not from the brain,4 38% of men with complete always accurately reflect the full physiologi- SCI reported they retained the ability to cal response to erotic stimulation.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • THE PHYSIOLOGY and ECOPHYSIOLOGY of EJACULATION Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems, Vol
    Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems E-ISSN: 1870-0462 [email protected] Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán México Lucio, R. A.; Cruz, Y.; Pichardo, A. I.; Fuentes-Morales, M. R.; Fuentes-Farias, A.L.; Molina-Cerón, M. L.; Gutiérrez-Ospina, G. THE PHYSIOLOGY AND ECOPHYSIOLOGY OF EJACULATION Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems, vol. 15, núm. 1, 2012, pp. S113-S127 Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán Mérida, Yucatán, México Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=93924484010 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems, 15 (2012) SUP 1: S113 – S127 REVIEW [REVISIÓN] THE PHYSIOLOGY AND ECOPHYSIOLOGY OF EJACULATION [FISIOLOGÍA Y ECOFISIOLOGÍA DE LA EYACULACIÓN] R. A. Lucio1*, Y. Cruz1, A. I. Pichardo2, M. R. Fuentes-Morales1, A.L. Fuentes-Farias3, M. L. Molina-Cerón2 and G. Gutiérrez-Ospina2 1Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala-Puebla km 1.5 s/n, Loma Xicotencatl, 90062, Tlaxcala, Tlax., México. 2Depto. Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, México, D.F., México. 3Laboratorio de Ecofisiologia Animal, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigaciones sobre los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Av. San Juanito Itzicuaro s/n, Colonia Nueva Esperanza 58337, Morelia, Mich., México * Corresponding author ABSTRACT RESUMEN Different studies dealing with ejaculation view this Diferentes estudios enfocados en la eyaculación, process as a part of the male copulatory behavior.
    [Show full text]
  • Andrology User Handbook
    Document code: AY.P001 Version number: 7 Date of issue: 29/06/2020 USER HANDBOOK FOR ANDROLOGY SERVICES Diagnostic Semen Analysis Post Vasectomy Semen Analysis Retrograde Ejaculation Analysis Page 1 of 24 Document code: AY.P001 Version number: 7 Date of issue: 29/06/2020 Contents: 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................... 3 2. Location and Opening Times .......................................................................................... 4 3. Useful contacts ............................................................................................................... 4 4. Services provided by the laboratory ............................................................................... 5 5. Requesting semen analysis ............................................................................................ 5 6. Analysis test types .......................................................................................................... 8 6.1 Diagnostic semen analysis (DSA) test for fertility ......................................................... 8 6.1a Instructions for collection of a semen sample for DSA (fertility)............................... 9 6.1b How Diagnostic Semen Analysis assessments are reported .................................10 6.2 Retrograde Analysis ....................................................................................................11 6.2a Instructions for collection of urine for retrograde ejaculation
    [Show full text]
  • Semen Arousal: Its Prevalence, Relationship to HIV Risk Practices
    C S & lini ID ca A l f R o e l s Klein, J AIDS Clin Res 2016, 7:2 a e Journal of n a r r DOI: 10.4172/2155-6113.1000546 c u h o J ISSN: 2155-6113 AIDS & Clinical Research Research Article Open Access Semen Arousal: Its Prevalence, Relationship to HIV Risk Practices, and Predictors among Men Using the Internet to Find Male Partners for Unprotected Sex Hugh Klein* Kensington Research Institute, USA Abstract Purpose: This paper examines the extent to which men who use the Internet to find other men for unprotected sex are aroused by semen. It also looks at the relationship between semen arousal and involvement in HIV risk practices, and the factors associated with higher levels of semen arousal. Methods: 332 men who used any of 16 websites targeting unprotected sex completed 90-minute telephone interviews. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected. A random sampling strategy was used. Semen arousal was assessed by four questions asking men how much they were turned on by the way that semen smelled, tasted, looked, and felt. Results: 65.1% of the men found at least one sensory aspect of semen to be “fairly” or “very” arousing, compared to 10.2% being “not very” or “not at all” aroused by all four sensory aspects of semen. Multivariate analysis revealed that semen arousal was related to greater involvement in HIV risk practices, even when the impact of other salient factors such as demographic characteristics, HIV serostatus, and psychological functioning was taken into account. Five factors were found to underlie greater levels of semen arousal: not being African American, self-identification as a sexual “bottom,” being better educated, being HIV-positive, and being more depressed.
    [Show full text]
  • Spontaneous Erection and Masturbation in Equids. AAEP
    Spontaneous Erection and Masturbation in Equids Sue M. McDonnell, Ph.D.* INTRODUCTION Spontaneous erection accompanied by an activity thought to be and referred to as masturbation occurs in stallions. Spontaneous erection involves extension of the penis from the prepuce with engorgement to its full length and rigidity, in a solitary, rather than heterosexual, context. The activity known as masturbation involves rhyth- mic bouncing, pressing, or sliding of the erect penis against the abdomen achieved by rhythmic contraction of the ischiocavernosus muscles and/or pelvic thrusting (Fig. 1). With such stimulation, the glans penis usually enlarges as during copulation, and pre- sperm fluid may drip from the urethra. This behavior in horses seems analogous to spontaneous erection and masturbation noted in several other mammalian species. I-’ The significance of spontaneous erection and masturbation in horses, as in other species, is not well understood. Traditional views of spontaneous erection and mas- turbation in domestic horses follow those held for similar behavior observed in other domestic and captive wild animals. One theme is that these are aberrant behaviors, similar to other stable vices, resulting from regimentation or restricted activity of cap- tive or domesticexistence. 4-6Another theme is that spontaneous erection and mastur- bation represent an expression or “venting” of sexual frustration resulting either from inherent hypersexuality or from thwarted access to heterosexual activity. 6v7Further, it has been asserted that masturbation limits the potential fertility of an individual stal- lion by depleting semen reserves and sexual energy. Accordingly, spontaneous erec- tion and masturbation in horses are often discouraged. An array of management schemes and devices such as stallion rings, brushes, and cages have been employed to inhibit spontaneous erection and disrupt masturbation.8 Attempts to inhibit sponta- neous erection and masturbation involve considerable management effort as well as risk of genital injury to the horse.
    [Show full text]
  • Erectile Dysfunction and Premature Ejaculation
    GUIDELINES ON MALE SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION: Erectile Dysfunction and Premature Ejaculation (Text update April 2014) K. Hatzimouratidis (chair), I. Eardley, F. Giuliano, D. Hatzichristou, I. Moncada, A. Salonia, Y. Vardi, E. Wespes Eur Urol 2006 May;49(5):806-15 Eur Urol 2010 May;57(5):804-14 Eur Urol 2012 Sep;62(3):543-52 ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION Definition, epidemiology and risk factors Erectile dysfunction (ED) is the persistent inability to attain and maintain an erection sufficient to permit satisfactory sex- ual performance. Although ED is a benign disorder, it affects physical and psychosocial health and has a significant impact on the quality of life (QoL) of sufferers and their partners. There is increasing evidence that ED can be an early mani- festation of coronary artery and peripheral vascular disease; thus, ED should not be regarded only as a QoL issue but also as a potential warning sign of cardiovascular disease includ- ing lack of exercise, obesity, smoking, hypercholesterolaemia, and the metabolic syndrome. The risk of ED may be reduced by modifying these risk factors, particularly taking exercise or losing weight. Another risk factor for ED is radical prostatec- tomy (RP) in any form (open, laparoscopic, or robotic) because of the risk of cavernosal nerve injury, poor oxygenation of the corpora cavernosa, and vascular insufficiency. 130 Male Sexual Dysfunction Diagnosis and work-up Basic work-up The basic work-up (minimal diagnostic evaluation) outlined in Fig. 1 must be performed in every patient with ED. Due to the potential cardiac risks associated with sexual activity, the three Princeton Consensus Conference stratified patients with ED wanting to initiate, or resume, sexual activity into three risk categories.
    [Show full text]
  • Commentary Unprotected: Condoms, Bareback Porn, and the First Amendment
    Commentary Unprotected: Condoms, Bareback Porn, and the First Amendment Bailey J. Langnert ABSTRACT In November 2012, Los Angeles County voters passed Measure B, or the Safer Sex in the Adult Film Industry Act. Measure B mandated condom use by all porn performers in adult films produced within county borders and created a complex regulatory process for adult film producers that included permitting, mandatory public health trainings, and warrantless administrative searches. Shortly after its passage, Vivid Entertainment filed a lawsuit to enjoin the enforcement of Measure B, arguing that the Measure violated their First Amendment right to portray condomless sex in porn. In December 2014, the Ninth Circuit upheld the district court's decision upholding the constitutionality of Measure B. Notably, the mainstream discourse surrounding the Measure B campaign, as well as the legal arguments put forth in the lawsuit, focused exclusively on straight pornography while purporting to represent all porn. As a result, an entire genre of condomless pornography went unrepresented in the discussion: bareback porn, which portrays intentional unprotected anal sex between men. Excluding bareback porn from the lawsuit represented a missed opportunityfor Vivid in its challenge of Measure B. There are several political messages underlying bareback porn unique to that genre that might have resulted in the t The author received a law degree from the University of California, Berkeley, School of Law (Boalt Hall) in 2015. As a law student, the author worked as a Teaching Assistant in the First Year Legal Writing Program and served as a Senior Board Member of the Boalt Hall Women's Association.
    [Show full text]
  • Premature Ejaculation: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
    2017­6­17 Premature Ejaculation: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology This site is intended for healthcare professionals Premature Ejaculation Updated: Mar 15, 2016 Author: Samuel G Deem, DO; Chief Editor: Edward David Kim, MD, FACS more... OVERVIEW Practice Essentials Premature (early) ejaculation is the most common sexual disorder in men younger than 40 years, with 30­70% of males in the United States affected to some degree at one time or another. It has historically been considered a psychological disease with no identified organic cause. Signs and symptoms Premature ejaculation can be lifelong or acquired. With lifelong premature ejaculation, the patient has experienced premature ejaculation since first beginning coitus. With acquired premature ejaculation, the patient previously had successful coital relationships and only now has developed premature ejaculation. Patient characteristics in lifelong premature ejaculation can include the following: Psychological difficulties Deep anxiety about sex that relates to 1 or more traumatic experiences encountered during development In patients with lifelong premature ejaculation, inquire about the following: Previous psychological difficulties Early sexual experiences Family relationships during childhood and adolescence Peer relationships Work or school General attitude toward sex Context of the event (eg, marital versus nonmarital) Sexual attitude and response of the female partner Nonsexual aspects of the current relationship level of involvement of the sexual partner in treatment
    [Show full text]
  • Masturbation Among Women: Associated Factors and Sexual Response in a Portuguese Community Sample
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Repositório do ISPA Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy Masturbation Among Women: Associated Factors and Sexual Response in a Portuguese Community Sample DOI:10.1080/0092623X.2011.628440 Ana Carvalheira PhDa & Isabel Leal PhDa Accepted author version posted online: 14 Feb 2012 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/0092623X.2011.628440 Abstract Masturbation is a common sexual practice with significant variations in reported incidence between men and women. The goal of this study was to explore the (1) age at initiation and frequency of masturbation, (2) associations of masturbation with diverse variables, (3) reported reasons for masturbating and associated emotions, and (4) the relationship between frequency of masturbation and different sexual behavioral factors. A total of 3,687 women completed a web-based survey of previously pilot-tested items. The results reveal a high reported incidence of masturbation practices amongst this convenience sample of women. Ninety one percent of women, in this sample, indicated that they had masturbated at some point in their lives with 29.3% reporting having masturbated within the previous month. Masturbation behavior appears to be related to a greater sexual repertoire, more sexual fantasies, and greater reported ease in reaching sexual arousal and orgasm. Women reported a diversity of reasons for masturbation, as well as a variety of direct and indirect techniques. A minority of women reported feeling shame and guilt associated with masturbation. Early masturbation experience might be beneficial to sexual arousal and orgasm in adulthood. Further, this study demonstrates that masturbation is a positive component in the structuring of female sexuality.
    [Show full text]
  • A Manual on Navigating Child Masturbation Without Shame
    City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects CUNY Graduate Center 2-2021 Is This My Body? A Manual on Navigating Child Masturbation Without Shame Stephanie M. Amis The Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/4179 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] IS THIS MY BODY? A MANUAL ON NAVIGATING CHILD MASTURBATION WITHOUT SHAME by STEPHANIE AMIS A master’s capstone submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Liberal Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts, The City University of New York 2021 i © 2021 STEPHANIE AMIS All Rights Reserved ii Is This My Body? A Manual on Navigating Child Masturbation without Shame by Stephanie Amis This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in Liberal Studies in satisfaction of the capstone project requirement for the degree of Master of Arts. Date: 1/14/21 Carrie Hintz Capstone Project Advisor Date: 1/14/21 Elizabeth Macaulay-Lewis Executive Officer THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iii ABSTRACT Is This My Body? A Manual on Navigating Child Masturbation without Shame by Stephanie Amis Advisor: Carrie Hintz Children’s natural exploration of their bodies and sexual expression through masturbation is often considered to be taboo by many adults and caregivers. It is important that children are taught that they have the right to explore their own bodies, to express and experience any sexual developments that may be happening.
    [Show full text]
  • Anatomy and Physiology of Erection: Pathophysiology of Erectile Dysfunction
    International Journal of Impotence Research (2003) 15, Suppl 7, S5–S8 & 2003 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved 0955-9930/03 $25.00 www.nature.com/ijir Chapter 2 Anatomy and Physiology of erection: pathophysiology of erectile dysfunction Reporters and participants of the 1st Latin American Dysfunction Consensus Meeting International Journal of Impotence Research (2003) 15, Suppl 7, S5–S8. doi:10.1038/sj.ijir.3901127 Anatomy deep dorsal vein, the circumflex veins, the emissary veins, the cavernous veins and the crural veins). The lacunar spaces drain into small venules, which flow The penis, the male genital organ, has two func- together into a subalbugineal plexus, which in turn, tions: sexual and urinary. It is located above the emerges as emissary veins4,5 (Figure 1). scrotum, and it is linked to the pubic symphysis by two ligaments. It has a three-cylinder shape, integrated by two CROSS-SECTIONAL SECTION OF THE PENIS vascular tissue bodies (corpora cavernosa) (CC) and Superficial dorsal vein the corpus spongiosum (CS). The CCs have two Dorsal artery of penis Dorsal nerve of portions: a fixed posterior one, or perineal, and one penis that is anterior or free. At its base, the ischiopubic Deep dorsal vein Colles’ fascia rami are fixed, surrounded by the ischiocavernous muscles. The CS, in turn, stems from the perineum, Buck’s fascia Circumflex Vein surrounded by the bulbocavernous muscle. The Corpus urethra runs most of its length. At the distal end, cavernosum Tunica albuginea the CS dilates into a structure known as glans, Cavernous artery where the urethra opens to the outside of the Corpus spongiosum Urethral artery body through the meatus.1,2 Urethra Adapted and Modified from the 2ndBrazilian Consensus on Erectile Dysfunction2 The penis has an epidermal layer, underneath which is located the superficial fascia (Colles’), Figure 1 Cross-sectional section of the penis.
    [Show full text]
  • Post-Orgasmic Illness Syndrome: a Closer Look
    Indonesian Andrology and Biomedical Journal Vol. 1 No. 2 December 2020 Post-orgasmic Illness Syndrome: A Closer Look William1,2, Cennikon Pakpahan2,3, Raditya Ibrahim2 1 Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya, Jakarta, Indonesia 2 Andrology Specialist Program, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga – Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia 3 Ferina Hospital – Center for Reproductive Medicine, Surabaya, Indonesia Received date: Sep 19, 2020; Revised date: Oct 6, 2020; Accepted date: Oct 7, 2020 ABSTRACT Background: Post-orgasmic illness syndrome (POIS) is a rare condition in which someone experiences flu- like symptoms, such as feverish, myalgia, fatigue, irritabilty and/or allergic manifestation after having an orgasm. POIS can occur either after intercourse or masturbation, starting seconds to hours after having an orgasm, and can be lasted to 2 - 7 days. The prevalence and incidence of POIS itself are not certainly known. Reviews: Waldinger and colleagues were the first to report cases of POIS and later in establishing the diagnosis, they proposed 5 preliminary diagnostic criteria, also known as Waldinger's Preliminary Diagnostic Criteria (WPDC). Symptoms can vary from somatic to psychological complaints. The mechanism underlying this disease are not clear. Immune modulated mechanism is one of the hypothesis that is widely believed to be the cause of this syndrome apart from opioid withdrawal and disordered cytokine or neuroendocrine responses. POIS treatment is also not standardized. Treatments includeintra lymphatic hyposensitization of autologous semen, non-steroid anti-inflamation drugs (NSAIDs), steroids such as Prednisone, antihistamines, benzodiazepines, hormones (hCG and Testosterone), alpha-blockers, and other adjuvant medications.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Article
    Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 356 2nd International Conference on Contemporary Education, Social Sciences and Ecological Studies (CESSES 2019) A New Exploration of the Combined Treatment of Symptoms and Social Work Psychology in Male Sexual Addiction Patients Chengchung Tsai Minyi Li School of Management School of Social Sciences Putian University University of Macau Putian, China Macau, China Abstract—Post-Orgasmic Illness Syndrome (POIS) was progesterone, low cholesterol, low dehydroepiandrosterone, first discovered by Professor Waldinger and Schweitzerl in low cortisol, high prolactin or hypothyroidism. Some cases 2002. After publishing several papers such as "POIS Records encountered by the author team indicate that when the of Emotional, Psychological and Behavioral Changes in Male mother was pregnant in the early years, she or her family had Patients" and "POIS Patients", "Clinical Observation Records smoking habits. Some mothers had long-term use of of Psychological and Behavioral Changes" and "POIS Male contraceptives or were used to eating animal internal organs. Disease Self-reports and Treatment Methods", in this paper, Even some cases were diagnosed as male gynecomastia. the author will cite the views of Chinese medicine practitioners on the treatment of POIS, and hope to provide more practical treatment methods and references for future research. TABLE I. SEVEN GROUPS OF POIS SYMPTOMS FOUND BY WALDINGER AND OTHER MEDICAL TEAMS Keywords—POIS; male; ejaculation; mental state; disorder; Body parts Various local sensations emotion Behavioral symptoms extreme fatigue, exhaustion, palpitations, forgetting words, being too lazy to talk, incoherent, inattention, irritability, I. INTRODUCTION photophobia, depression The main research objects of this paper are journalists, Flu symptoms fever, cold, hot, sweaty, trembling writers and other text workers, as well as creative designers Head symptoms head dizziness, groggy, confused and heavy who take creativity as the selling point as the research object.
    [Show full text]