Brennen Hyatt, Et Al. V. Vivint Solar, Inc., Et Al. 14-CV-09283-Consolidated
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Case 1:14-cv-09283-KBF Document 42 Filed 02/13/15 Page 1 of 40 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK BRENNEN HYATT, Individually and on Behalf of All Others Similarly Situated, Plaintiff, v. Case No. 1:14-cv-09283-KBF VIVINT SOLAR, INC., THE BLACKSTONE GROUP L.P., GREGORY S. BUTTERFIELD, CONSOLIDATED AMENDED DANA C. RUSSELL, DAVID F. COMPLAINT FOR VIOLATION OF D’ALESSANDRO, ALEX J. DUNN, BRUCE THE FEDERAL SECURITIES LAWS McEVOY, TODD R. PEDERSEN, JOSEPH F. TRUSTEY, PETER F. WALLACE, JOSEPH S. TIBBETTS, GOLDMAN, SACHS & CO., MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INCORPORATED, CREDIT SUISSE SECURITIES (USA) LLC, CITIGROUP GLOBAL MARKETS INC., DEUTSCHE BANK SECURITIES INC., MORGAN STANLEY & CO. LLC, BARCLAYS CAPITAL INC., and BLACKSTONE ADVISORY PARTNERS L.P., Defendants. THOMAS LIMA, Individually and on Behalf of All Others Similarly Situated, Plaintiff(s), v. Case No. 1:14-cv-09709-KBF VIVINT SOLAR, INC., THE BLACKSTONE GROUP L.P., GREGORY S. BUTTERFIELD, DANA C. RUSSELL, DAVID F. D’ALESSANDRO, ALEX J. DUNN, BRUCE McEVOY, TODD R. PEDERSEN, JOSEPH F. TRUSTEY, PETER F. WALLACE, JOSEPH S. TIBBETTS, GOLDMAN, SACHS & CO., MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INCORPORATED, CREDIT SUISSE Case 1:14-cv-09283-KBF Document 42 Filed 02/13/15 Page 2 of 40 SECURITIES (USA) LLC, CITIGROUP GLOBAL MARKETS INC., DEUTSCHE BANK SECURITIES INC., MORGAN STANLEY & CO. LLC, BARCLAYS CAPITAL INC., and BLACKSTONE ADVISORY PARTNERS L.P., Defendants. Case 1:14-cv-09283-KBF Document 42 Filed 02/13/15 Page 3 of 40 TABLE OF CONTENTS NATURE OF THE ACTION ......................................................................................................1 JURISDICTION AND VENUE ..................................................................................................4 PARTIES ....................................................................................................................................5 SUBSTANTIVE ALLEGATIONS..............................................................................................8 A. Vivint Solar’s Investment Fund Accounting and Net Losses ....................................... 10 B. Vivint Solar’s Long-Term Leases and Power Purchase Agreements ............................ 20 C. Market Saturation Impacting Vivint Solar’s Operations in Hawaii .............................. 25 CLASS ACTION ALLEGATIONS .......................................................................................... 31 COUNT I .................................................................................................................................. 32 COUNT II ................................................................................................................................. 34 COUNT III ............................................................................................................................... 35 PRAYER FOR RELIEF ............................................................................................................ 36 JURY TRIAL DEMANDED ..................................................................................................... 37 Case 1:14-cv-09283-KBF Document 42 Filed 02/13/15 Page 4 of 40 Lead Plaintiff Robby Shawn Stadnick (“Plaintiff”) alleges the following based upon the investigation of counsel, which included a review of United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) filings by Vivint Solar, Inc. (“Vivint Solar” or the “Company”), as well as regulatory filings and reports, securities analyst reports and advisories by the Company, press releases and other public statements issued by the Company, and media reports about the Company. Plaintiff believes that additional evidentiary support will exist for the allegations set forth herein after a reasonable opportunity for discovery. NATURE OF THE ACTION 1. Vivint Solar provides residential homeowners the opportunity to save 15% to 30% off their electricity bills. Using a direct sales model, Vivint Solar’s sales force solicits customers on a door-to-door basis, offering solar panel energy systems for little-to-no money upfront through long-term leases or power purchase agreements. Homeowners who accept the offer enter into these agreements—which last 20 years—and typically benefit from the electricity produced from the solar energy systems once installed and operational. 2. The Company benefits as well. Due to the fact that these long-term arrangements allow Vivint Solar to retain ownership of the solar energy systems, the Company is able to receive a number of local, state, and federal benefits associated with solar energy investments, including but not limited to investment tax credits and accelerated tax depreciation. These benefits (referred to as tax equity investments) along with the homeowners’ monthly payments (referred to as customer receivables) are then bundled together and securitized. This is how Vivint Solar makes its money—through the securitization of its tax equity and customer receivables. 1 Case 1:14-cv-09283-KBF Document 42 Filed 02/13/15 Page 5 of 40 3. Vivint Solar provided investors with an overview of its business model in its Registration Statement1 in advance of the Company’s October 1, 2014 initial public offering (the “IPO”). The Registration Statement presented Vivint Solar as a source of highly predictable and stable cash flows based on a 20-year stream of payments from creditworthy customers under long-term contracts. Vivint Solar noted its history of positive and growing earnings-per-share and the opportunities in the market for solar energy. This presentation was highly misleading. 4. In fact, Vivint Solar presents a highly risky and volatile income stream with the only certainty being substantial operating losses into the foreseeable future. In valuing its customer contracts, Vivint Solar assumes a low default rate and high renewal rate for its customers, even though solar energy is a dynamic industry with a high degree of product development so that the solar energy systems being sold in 2014 by Vivint Solar will likely be obsolete long before the end of the 20-year term of the customer contract. Vivint Solar was also facing increasing difficulties leasing its solar energy systems as customers began to increasingly look to purchase the system themselves so as to be able to claim the related federal and state tax incentives. This increased the cost and expense of identifying and signing new customers. Vivint Solar offered no option for customers to buy their own solar energy system. Vivint Solar was also confronting heightened regulation and market saturation conditions in Hawaii, a geographic territory which accounted for 15% of the Company’s installations. Finally, Vivint Solar was experiencing increasing difficulties and delays in completing installations of its solar energy systems. 1 “Registration Statement” refers collectively to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the SEC on August 26, 2014, Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1/A filed with the SEC on September 19, 2014, Amendment No. 2 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1/A filed with the SEC on September 26, 2014, and the Prospectus on Form 424B4 filed with the SEC on October 1, 2014. Citations to “Registration Statement at __” refers to pages within the Prospectus on Form 424B4. 2 Case 1:14-cv-09283-KBF Document 42 Filed 02/13/15 Page 6 of 40 5. Vivint Solar was able to mask these trends because it was able to attribute all of its operating losses for a quarter to “non-controlling interests” in investment funds that it used to finance the solar energy systems it leased to its customers. This attribution of losses to Vivint Solar’s “non-controlling interests” converted operating losses of $56.4 million and $69.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2013 and six months ended June 30, 2014 to reported net income available to common stockholders of $5.6 million and $12.5 million, respectively. This complex and opaque accounting sleight-of-hand meant it was impossible for investors to predict Vivint Solar’s net income and earnings-per-share into the future. At the time of the IPO, however, the growth in new customers signed together with the increasing delays experienced in installation meant that there would be a dramatic reduction in the proportion of Vivint Solar’s operating losses that could be attributed to the investment funds for the three months ended September 30, 2014. It was thus inevitable that Vivint Solar would experience a significant net loss during the three months ended September 30, 2014. This fact was not disclosed to Vivint Solar’s investors in the Registration Statement dated September 30, 2014. 6. On November 10, 2014, it became evident that the Registration Statement’s description of the Company’s operations and finances were materially misleading and/or inaccurate. After the market closed, Vivint Solar issued a press release announcing its earnings for the third quarter of fiscal 2014. The press release indicated that Vivint Solar had suffered a “Non-GAAP Earnings Before Non-Controlling Interests and Redeemable Non-Controlling Interests per Share” loss of ($0.66) per share. Analysts, meanwhile, had been projecting a loss of only ($0.27) per share. In other words, Vivint Solar missed analyst projections by 143%. The press release also indicated that the Company would be lowering its guidance for the fourth quarter, signaling to the market that growth would be slowing. 3 Case 1:14-cv-09283-KBF Document 42 Filed 02/13/15 Page