MINERAL AND METAL SCENARIO 3 Mineral and Metal Scenario National Mineral Scenario Mineral Production 3.1 Minerals are valuable natural resources being finite 3.3 Based on the overall trend so far the index of and non-renewable. They constitute the vital raw mineral production (base 1993-94=100) for the year materials for many basic industries and are a major 2009-10 is estimated to be 189.90 as compared to resource for development. The history of mineral 175.96 for 2008-09 showing a positive growth of extraction in India dates back to the days of the 7.92%. The trend of index of mineral production for Harappan civilization. The wide availability of the the last five years is depicted in Figure 3.1. minerals in the form of abundant rich reserves made it 3.4 The total value of mineral production (excluding very conducive for the growth and development of atomic minerals) during 2009-10 is estimated at Rs. the mining sector in India. 1,27,921.42 crores, which shows an increase of about 3.2 The country is endowed with huge resources of 4.61% over that of the previous year. During 2009- many metallic and non-metallic minerals. Mining sector 10, provisional value for fuel minerals account for Rs. is an important segment of the Indian economy. Since 79,602.69 crores or 62.23%, metallic minerals, Rs. independence, there has been a pronounced growth 27571.16 crores or 21.55% of the total value and non- in the mineral production both in terms of quantity metallic minerals including minor minerals Rs. and value. India produces as many as 86 minerals, 20747.56 crores or 16.22% of the total value. which include 4 fuels, 10 metallic, 46 non-metallic, 3 Information on production and value of selected atomic and 23 minor minerals (including building and minerals from 2005-06 to 2009-10 is given in other materials). Annexure 3.1, The details of Export and Import of Figure 3.1 Index of Mineral Production 9 Annual Report 2009-2010 Figure 3.2 Trends in Value of Mineral Production, Export & Import Figure 3.3 MINERAL AND METAL SCENARIO MINERAL AND METAL Value of Minerals Production (By Groups) Minerals during the period 2004-05 to 2008-09 is ore, asbestos, barytes, dolomite, felspar, fireclay, given in Annexure 3.2 and Annexure 3.3. The trend fluorite, gypsum, kaolin, limestone, magnesite, ochre, of value of mineral production for last five years is phosphorite, silica sand, steatite and vermiculite. The depicted in Figure 3.2. The value of Minerals by groups wholesale price index for metallic minerals was 879.2 for the last five years is given in Figure 3.3. in December, 2009 as compared to 916.7 in December, 2008 and that of other minerals was 128.5 in PRICE TREND December, 2009 as compared to 139.6 in December, 3.5 The wholesale price index for non-fuel minerals 2008. The wholesale price index for Coal stood at 251.8 (base 1993-94=100) stood at 588.1 in December, in December, 2009 as compared to 251.8 in December, 2009 and the corresponding index for December, 2008 2008. The wholesale price index of minerals oils stood was 615.4. The minerals included in the wholesale at 418.3 in December, 2009 and that in December, price index are bauxite, chromite, iron ore, manganese 2008 it was 393.6. 10 Ministry of Mines MINERAL AND METAL SCENARIO Gross Domestic Product From Mining & Table 3.1 Quarrying Sector Number of Reporting Mines 3.6 The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) accrued from Sector 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 mining and quarrying sector at 1999-2000 price is All Minerals* 2942 2964 2729 estimated by CSO. In 2009-10, the estimates of GDP Coal (including Lignite) 570 570 570 in April-September of 2009-10, the mining and Metallic Minerals 691 691 636 quarrying sector accounted for about 1.91 % GDP. The contribution of mining and quarrying sector to GDP in Non-Metallic Minerals 1681 1703 1523 2009-10 (April-September) at Rs. 31,808 crore *Excluding atomic minerals, petroleum (crude), natural gas (utilized) indicated an increase of 8.7% over that in the and minor minerals preceding period. So far CSO has not published the 3.8 During 2009-10, mineral production was reported Advance estimates of 2009-10. from 32 States/Union Territories (actual reporting of MCDR & Fuel minerals from 22 states and estimation Mining of minor minerals for all 32 States/Union Territories) 3.7 Indian mining industry is characterized by a large of which the bulk of value of mineral production of about 82.92% was confined to 9 States (including number of small operational mines. offshore areas) only. Offshore areas continued to be The number of mines which reported mineral in leading position, in terms of value of mineral production (excluding minor minerals, petroleum production in the country and had the share of 17.98% (crude), natural gas and atomic minerals) in India was in the national output. Next in order was Andhra 2729 in 2009-10 as against 2964 in the previous year. Pradesh with a share of 12.24% followed by Orissa (11.85%), Chhattisgarh (9.18%), Jharkhand (8.79%), Out of 2729 reporting mines, 404 were located in Maharashtra (7.05%), Gujarat (4.87%), Rajasthan Andhra Pradesh followed by Gujarat (398), Jharkhand (4.26%), Tamilnadu (3.42%) and Karnataka (3.29%) (284), Madhya Pradesh (250), Rajasthan (236), Orissa in the total value of mineral production. Remaining 23 (220), Karnataka (209), Maharashtra (145), Tamil Nadu States/Union Territories having individual share of less (138), Chhattisgarh (126) and West Bengal (111). than 3% together accounted for 17.08% of total value These 11 states together accounted for 92.38 % of during the year under review. The contribution of total number of mines in the country in 2009-10. The States/Regions in the value of mineral production number of reporting mines are given in Table 3.1 during 2009-10 is pictorially shown in Figure 3.4. Figure 3.4 Share of States in Value of Mineral Production 2009-10 (Estimated) 11 Annual Report 2009-2010 3.9 State-wise analysis reveals that during 2009-10, raw materials to industries, such as, thermal power the value of mineral production in most of the principal generation, iron & steel, ferro-alloys, aluminium, mineral producing States has decreased as compared cement, various types of refractories, china clay-based to that in the previous year. However, some states ceramics, glass, chemicals like caustic soda, soda ash, which have indicated an increase in the value of mineral calcium carbide, titania white pigment, etc. India is, production are Meghalaya (331.41%), Himachal by and large, self-sufficient in coal (with the exception Pradesh (84.46%), Maharashtra (76.05%), Tamilnadu of very low ash coking coal required by the steel plants) (53.61%), Arunachal Pradesh (35.29%), Jharkhand and lignite among mineral fuels, bauxite, chromite, (19.47%) and Jammu & Kashmir(11.11%) during the iron, manganese ores, ilmenite and rutile among year under review. The all India Reserves and Resources metallic minerals; and almost all the industrial minerals of various minerals as on 01.04.2005 as per UNFC with the exception of chrysotile asbestos, borax, System is given in Annexure 3.4. fluorite, kyanite, potash, rock phosphate and elemental sulphur. Despite high degree of self-sufficiency, some 3.10 During 2008-09, the Public Sector continued to quantities of flaky and amorphous graphite of high play a dominant role in mineral production accounting fixed carbon, kaolin and ball clay for special for 72% or Rs. 76,651 crores in the total value. Small applications, very low silica limestone, dead-burnt mines, which were mostly in the private sector, magnesite and sea water magnesia, battery grade MINERAL AND METAL SCENARIO MINERAL AND METAL continued to be operated manually either as proprietary manganese dioxide, etc. were imported to meet the or partnership ventures. The minerals which were demand for either blending with locally available wholly mined/recovered by the public/joint sector in mineral raw materials and/or for manufacturing special 2008-09 were Copper ore and concentrate, Diamond, qualities of mineral-based products. To meet the Dunite, Fluorite(graded) & concentrate, Phosphorite/ increasing demand of uncut diamonds, emerald and Rock Phosphate, Rock salt, Sand (others), Selenite and other precious and semi- precious stones by the Sulphur. By and large, almost the entire production of domestic cutting and polishing industry, India continued Lignite, Gold (primary and secondary of indigenous to depend on imports of raw uncut stones for their origin) and Gypsum was from Public Sector. In 2008- value-added re-exports. The degree of self-sufficiency 09, the Public Sector accounted for sizeable 92% in respect of various principal minerals and metals / production of coal, 86% of petroleum (crude), 76% ferro-alloys in 2007-08 is given in Annexure 3.6. of Natural gas(utilized), 80% Tin concentrate, 97% of Barytes, 83% of Kyanite, 76% of Sillemanite and 60% PRODUCTION TRENDS of Magnesite. Metallic Minerals 3.11 India’s ranking in 2007-08 in world production 3.13 The value of metallic minerals in 2008-09 at was 2nd in barytes, chromite and talc/steatite/ Rs.31533.97 crores increased by about 7.49% over pyrophillite 3rd in coal & lignite and bauxite, 4th in the previous year. Among the principal metallic iron ore and kyanite/sillimanite, 5th in manganese ore minerals, iron ore contributed Rs.25,151 crores or and steel (crude), 7th in zinc and 8th in aluminium.