Unit 3: the Civil War, Part One
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The Artios Home Companion Series Unit 3: The Civil War, Part One Teacher Overview Robert E. Lee was the most famous general for the Confederacy and Ulysses S. Grant was the same for the Union army. The Battle of Gettysburg proved to be a crushing blow to Lee’s Confederate forces and led to the surrender of other Confederate strongholds and a quick surrender to Ulysses S. Grant and the Union army at Appomattox Court House. Key People, Places, and Events Robert E. Lee Jefferson Davis General McClellan Stonewall Jackson J.E.B. Stuart Battle of Gettysburg General Meade Ulysses S. Grant Vocabulary Lesson 1: loyalty secede The Battle of Fort Sumter Lesson 2: martial Lesson 3: resolute Reading and Assignments In this unit, students will: Complete three lessons in which they will learn about Robert E. Lee, Stonewall Jackson, J.E.B. Stuart, the battle of Gettysburg, and Ulysses S. Grant, journaling and answering discussion questions as they read. Define vocabulary words. Complete biography notebook pages on Robert E. Lee, Stonewall Jackson, J.E.B. Stuart, and Ulysses S. Grant. Be sure to make note of the character qualities that made each man great. Conduct research on the Battle of Gettysburg. Visit www.ArtiosHCS.com for additional resources. Modern: Middle School Unit 3: The Civil War, Part One Page 36 Leading Ideas Honesty is a character quality to be desired. Unequal weights are an abomination to the Lord, and false scales are not good. — Proverbs 20:23 The Bible provides the ethics upon which to judge people and nations. — Exodus 20:1-17 God is sovereign over the affairs of men. And He made from one man every nation of mankind to live on all the face of the earth, having determined allotted periods and the boundaries of their dwelling place. — Acts 17:26 Battle of Gettysburg, by Currier and Ives Modern: Middle School Unit 3: The Civil War, Part One Page 37 L e s s o n O n e History Overview and Assignments Robert E. Lee One of the ablest generals commanding the Confederate troops was Robert E. Lee. Having been educated and prepared for leadership at West Point Academy, Robert E. Lee was uniquely qualified and gifted for his leadership role with the Confederate forces during the Civil War. Reading and Assignments Review the discussion questions and vocabulary, then read the article: Robert E. Lee. Narrate about today’s reading using the appropriate notebook page. Be sure to answer the discussion questions and include key people, events, and dates within the narration. Define the vocabulary words in the context of the reading and put the word and its definition in the vocabulary section of your history notebook. Locate each event described in today’s article on a map. Complete a biography page for Robert E. Lee. Robert E. Lee Be sure to visit www.ArtiosHCS.com for additional resources. General McClellan Key People, Places, and Events Vocabulary Robert E. Lee loyalty Jefferson Davis secede Discussion Questions 1. Why did Lee go with Virginia when this 2. Tell as much as you can about Robert E. state seceded? Lee. Modern: Middle School Unit 3: The Civil War, Part One Page 38 Adapted for Middle School from the book: Stories of Later American History by Wilbur F. Gordy Robert E. Lee Having followed a few of the leading He was born in Virginia, January 19, 1807, events in the remarkable career of our his father being the Revolutionary general martyr president, let us turn our thoughts to known as “Light-Horse Harry.” Although the Civil War, through which it was the records of his boyhood days are scanty, Lincoln’s great work to guide us as a nation. we know that when little Robert was about It was a struggle that tested the manhood, four years old the Lees removed from quite as much as the resources, of the Stratford to Alexandria, in order to educate warring sections, and each side might well their children. Here the boy was prepared be proud of the bravery and skill of its for West Point Academy, which he entered officers and soldiers. Certainly each side when he was eighteen. At this military had among its generals some of the greatest school he made such a good record as a military leaders of all time. student that he was graduated second in his One of the ablest generals commanding class. the Confederate troops was Robert E. Lee. Map of Confederate territory losses year by year Modern: Middle School Unit 3: The Civil War, Part One Page 39 At the outbreak of the Civil War he was In 1862, the second year of the war, Lee so highly esteemed as an officer in the took command of the leading Confederate United States Army that he would have been army in Virginia. General McClellan, who appointed commander of the Union armies commanded a large Union army, had been if he had been willing to accept the position. trying to capture Richmond, the capital of He loved the Union and was opposed to the Confederate states. After fighting a secession, but when Virginia, his native series of battles, he approached so close to state, seceded he felt that it was his duty to Richmond that his soldiers could see the go with her. spires of the churches. But as the city was His struggle in making the decision was strongly fortified he retreated to the James a painful one, as was made plain in a letter River. During this retreat, which lasted a he wrote to a sister, then living in Baltimore. week, were fought what were known as the “With all my devotion to the Union,” he “Seven Days’ Battles.” said, “and the feeling of loyalty and duty of an American citizen, I have not been able to make up my mind to raise my hand against my relatives, my children, my home. I know you will blame me, but you must think as kindly of me as you can, and believe that I have endeavored to do what I thought right.” Soon after he decided that he must go with Virginia in the great struggle which was to follow, he accepted the command of the Virginia state forces, and within a year Jefferson Davis from that time became military advisor to Having thus saved Richmond from Jefferson Davis, who was president of the capture, Lee marched north into Maryland, Confederacy. expecting the people to rise and join his forces. But they were loyal to the Union and refused. The terrible battle of Antietam or Sharpsburg was fought (September, 1862), and Lee was obliged to retreat to Virginia. A few months later (December, 1862), Lee repulsed an attack of the Union army at Fredericksburg with fearful slaughter, and in the following May he won a victory at Chancellorsville. Lee’s home at Arlington, Virginia Modern: Middle School Unit 3: The Civil War, Part One Page 40 L e s s o n T w o History Overview and Assignments Stonewall Jackson, J.E.B. Stuart, and the Battle of Gettysburg Lee’s most effective helper was General Thomas J. Jackson, also known as “Stonewall” Jackson. Another of Lee’s able helps was General J.E.B. Stuart. Both of these men were highly regarded and respected by their men and inspired loyalty in their troops. The Battle of Gettysburg proved to be a crushing blow to the Lee’s Confederate forces and led to the surrender of other Confederate strongholds. Reading and Assignments Review the discussion questions and vocabulary, then read the article: Stonewall Jackson, J.E.B. Stuart, and the Battle of Gettysburg. Narrate about today’s reading using the appropriate notebook page. Be sure to answer the discussion questions and include key people, events, and dates within the narration. Define the vocabulary word in the context of the reading and put the word and its definition in the vocabulary section of your history notebook. Complete biography pages on Stonewall Jackson and J.E.B. Stuart. Locate each event described in today’s article on a map. General Stone Wall Jackson Be sure to visit www.ArtiosHCS.com for additional resources. Key People, Places, and Events Vocabulary Stonewall Jackson martial J.E.B. Stuart Battle of Gettysburg General Meade Discussion Questions 1. Tell as much as you can about 2. Tell as much as you can about J.E.B. Stonewall Jackson. Stuart. Modern: Middle School Unit 3: The Civil War, Part One Page 41 Adapted for Middle School from the book: Stories of Later American History by Wilbur F. Gordy “Stonewall” Jackson, J.E.B. Stuart, Gettysburg “Stonewall” Jackson their own soldiers, and Jackson was In all these battles Lee’s most effective mortally wounded. His death was a great helper was General Thomas J. Jackson, loss to the Southern army. “Stonewall” Jackson, as he was called. Jackson won his nickname at the Battle of Bull Run. One of the Confederate generals, who was trying to hearten his retreating men, cried out to them: “See, there is Jackson, standing like a stone wall! Rally ’round the Virginians!” From that hour of heroism he was known as Stonewall Jackson, and for his bravery in this battle he was made a major-general. He was such a stubborn fighter, and so furious in his enthusiasm, that “his soldiers marched to death when he bade them. What was even harder, they marched at the double-quick through Virginia mud, without shoes, Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson without food, without sleep.” They cheerfully did his bidding because they J.E.B.