A SEMANTIC ANALYSIS OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE IN ’S ALBUM RARE

Angela A. Rambi, Tirza Kumayas, Sanerita T. Olii English Education Department Faculty of Language and Arts Universitas Negeri Manado Tondano, Indonesia Email: [email protected]

Abstract : The purpose of this study is to analyze the types and the meaning of figurative language in the song lyrics of Selena Gomez in her album, Rare. The basis of this research is the theory proposed by Kennedy who divided figurative language in three parts, namely comparative, contradictive and correlative figurative language. In analyzing the data, the researcher used steps by Miles and Huberman: data reduction, data display and conclusion drawing and verification. The result of this research showed that there are 31 expressions of figurative language in six song lyrics of Selena’s “Rare” album. There are 22 expressions of metaphor, 6 expressions of hyperbole and 3 expressions of symbol. Metaphor is the most dominant figurative language in Selena’s song lyric; for example, in the lyric of Lose You to Love Me, we can found some expressions of metaphor, such as: set fire to my purpose and every single words builds up to this moment. From the explanation above, the researcher can suggest for future researcher to analyze and discuss other types of figurative language in Selena’s other album.

Keywords : Figurative language, song lyric, Selena Gomez, Kennedy, Miles and Huberman

1. INTRODUCTION information, idea, emotion, feelings and experience. Human beings always live side by side. They have to interact with each other to People can communicate with each fulfill their needs. To achieve that, we use other by using media such as letter, radio, a means called language. Language is very television, social media, video and song. important in people’s lives. Maru As stated by Tuerah (2019:107) One of the (2016:58) stated that people use language media for communication is a song. to express inner thoughts and emotions, to Through song someone could convey his understand complex and abstract thoughts, voice to many people, so that people can to learn to communicate with others to know his feelings. Currently a lot of songs meet our wants or needs, and to set rules could express our feelings, such as songs and maintain our culture. Liando (2017:21) with the theme of love, social, political, and claims that without language, people would others. Song as piece of music with words find problems in sharing information, that are sung has a function to express interacting with others, showing personal thoughts and feeling. Song has sympathies and clarifying important cases. some elements, such as lyrics and melody. (Hampp, 2019: 15) also state that through Listening to a song is an interesting language, humans can think and develop activity, but sometimes the listeners do not their knowledge. People need language to understand the figurative language that communicate with each other, to interact commonly found in a song lyric. and also to show and share knowledge,

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Basically, figurative language is part of beautify the song and makes the hearer the semantic. Semantic is the study of the more interested in hearing it. Song lyric is meaning of words, phrases and sentences. a short poem in a number of verses set to Meaning in semantic can be divided into music to be sung. In its writing, the two parts, they are literal meaning and or composers usually beautify nonliteral meaning. The literal meaning is the language they use by any figurative based on the actual word while non literal language, so that the listeners will be more meaning is otherwise. When a person attracted in listening the songs. There are speaks non literally or means something so many figurative languages that can be different from what the words mean, it is used by the author for examples metaphor, called non literal meaning. Knowing the simile, personification, symbol and others. meaning of a lyric is really important because we will know the purpose of the Further, there are so many song writers song. Maru (2016:7) claims that in social or composers, singers and poets which process, there are people who have their own characteristics in their communicate more than they say, they use language. One of the famous singer is language that indicate meanings more than Selena Gomez. She likes to use her the language does. This term is called thoughts, feelings and experience as figurative language. Tuerah (2019:107) inspiration when writing songs. She is able stated figurative language as a language to tell topics that many people can relate to expression, whose meaning is different their life, such as being young, teenage, from its literal one. Figurative language is family, growing up and love relationships. a kind of language that departs from the language employed the traditional literal In this research the researcher analyzed ways of describing persons of object. It is a figurative language especially metaphor, language that uses words or expressions hyperbole and symbol in six song lyrics of with a meaning that is different with the Selena Gomez’s latest album, Rare. From literal interpretation. It is used to express that explanation above the researchers something in an unusual way. The use of decide to create a research entitled “A figurative language can give an additional Semantic Analysis of Figurative Language sense for the reader or the listener to build in Selena Gomez’s Album, Rare”. The their imagination. In addition, it is a way researcher hopes that it can help for the which is used by an author to convey a readers easily to understand the meaning of meaning of his literary work. Kennedy figurative language expressions in Selena’s (1983:481, as cited in Arifah, 2016) has Song lyrics. classified the figurative language into three parts, which are comparative, contradictive and correlative. Comparative figurative 2. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY language consists of metaphor, personification and simile. Contradictive In this research, the researcher analyzed figurative language consists of hyperbole, the data using qualitative research litotes, paradox, and irony. Correlative methods. According to Bogdan and Biklen figurative language consists of metonymy, (1992:30, as cited in Wowor, 2020), synecdoche, symbol, allusion, and ellipsis. qualitative research is a descriptive which Sharndama (2013:169) states that a the data is collected in the form of words or Metaphor is a figurative language which pictures rather than numbers. The writer compares two different things directly. took the 6 song lyrics from Selena’s album Dennis (1996:65, as cited in Arifah, 2016) “Rare” as the data source. The process of stated that hyperbole is a figure of speech data collection itself was started by that has statement containing exaggeration. downloading the songs and the lyrics. After Richardson (2006: 165, as cited in Raisa, that, the researcher listened to the songs 2017) explains symbol as a person, object, while reading the lyrics for several times. image, word, or event that evokes a range After that, she attempted to find the word, of additional meaning beyond and usually phrase, and sentence which contain more abstract than its literal significance. figurative language by underlining them. Siallagan (2017:55) says that in a song, we can find lyrics which complete and After that, she made a note of those

378 figurative language. The researcher used I've been technique of data analysis based on Miles and Huberman’s theory. According to wearing for Miles and Huberman (1994:10) there are months three steps used in analyzing data, they are: data reduction, data display and conclusion drawing and verification. Data reduction is 3.Don't get Let me Chorus the process of selecting, focusing, me down, I get me simplifying, abstracting and transforming the data that appear in written up field notes won't let me or transcriptions. In this step, the figurative get me language expressions are collected and reduced. Data display is an organized, down compressed assembly of information that permits conclusion drawing and action. In 4.I'm so Let me Verse 2 this step the researcher showed the data that contain figurative language, but not only connected get me generally but also specifically. In this step, to me the researcher showed which sentences or phrases contain figurative language, what kind of figurative those sentence are, why 5.If I open up Vulnerabl Verse 1 those sentences or phrase categorized as my heart to e their category of figurative language and you, I know then extracted the meaning of those figurative language in the lyrics. The last that you step to analyze the data in this research is could lock it conclusion drawing and verification. In this step, the researcher rechecked the data, stepped back to consider what the analyzed 6.If I give the Vulnerabl Verse 1 data mean and to assess their implications opportunity e for the research questions. to you, then would you 3. FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION blow it Data Reduction 7.If I was the Vulnerabl Verse 1 Metaphor in Selena Gomez’s album, greatest e Rare. thing to No Figurative Song Locatio happen to . Expression n you, would you know 1.I'ma dance Let me Verse 1 it? for therapy, get me all my 8.I would tell Vulnerabl Pre- babies and you all my e chorus me. secrets, wrap your 2.Burn this Let me Verse 1 arms around camouflage get me

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my 15.And now Lose you Outro weakness the chapter to love is closed me 9.If I hand Vulnerabl Verse 2 and done you my e emotion, 16.And every Back to Verse 1 would you time we you even wanna talk, every take it? single word builds up to 10.If I give you Vulnerabl Verse 2 this moment all my trust, e then would 17.Playing and Back to Verse 2 you fumble re-playing you it and break old it? conversatio ns 11.Set fires to Lose you Verse 1 my forest, to love 18.You're Back to Chorus and you let me stuck in my you it burn head and I can't get you 12.Set fire to Lose you Verse 1 out of it my purpose, to love and I let it me 19.Ooh you're Bad liar Pre- burn taking up a chorus fraction of 13.You tore me Lose you Verse 2 my mind down and to love now it’s me 20.If you're the Bad liar Verse 2 showing art, I'll be the brush 14.In two Lose you Verse 2 months you to love 21.Nights with People Verse 2 replaced me you, I still you know ‘us’, like it could taste was easy it

22.Now I'm People Verse 2 breathing you know ashes and

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dust” is 6.I’ma give Vulnerabl Verse metaphor you all my e 1 body, are you strong enough to Hyperbole in Selena Gomez’s album, Rare hold it?

No Figurative Song locatio Symbol in Selena Gomez’s album, Rare. . Expressions n No. Figurative Song Location 1.You could Back to Pre- expression break my you chorus 1. When it was People Verse 2 heart in two, good, we you but when it were on know heals, it fire. beats for you 2. No self- Let me Verse 1 2.Everybody Back to Verse sabotage, no get me knows that you 2 letting my we got thoughts unfinished run. Me and business the spiral 3.Playing and Back to Verse are done. replaying you 2 3. All of my Bad Post- old feelings on liar chorus conversation fire. s, overthinking every word and I hate it Data Display Metaphor in Selena Gomez’s Album, 4.You Lose you Verse Rare. promised the to love 1 world and I me a. Metaphor in Vulnerable Lyric fell for it 1) If I open up my heart to you, know that you could lock it. 5.I gave my all Verse and they all 2 The lyric “if I open up my heart to you, know it I know that you could lock it” is an ontological metaphor. The word heart in

381 the lyric represents feeling, emotion and 5) If I hand you my emotion, would mind. While the word open is used to you even wanna take it? replace word trust. In this lyric, Selena seems to express her fear and worry of The lyric “if I hand you my emotion, trusting someone or starting a new would you even wanna take it?” is an relationship. ontological metaphor. According to Cambridge Dictionary, emotion is a strong 2) If I give the opportunity to you, feeling such as love, anger, fear, etc. The then would you blow it? lyric illustrates the concept of emotion is a concrete object. The meaning of this lyric The lyric “if I give the opportunity to is Selena wants to know if the person she you, then would you blow it?” is an loves can handle her emotions both good ontological metaphor. According to and bad. Cambridge Dictionary, opportunity is the possibility of doing something. The word 6) If I give you all my trust, then opportunity in the lyric is described as a would you fumble it and break it? concrete thing that can be blown. So, in this lyric Selena seems to want to make sure if The lyric “if I give you all my trust, then she gives someone a chance, whether that would you fumble it and break it?” is an person would ruin the chance she gave or ontological metaphor. The lyric illustrates not. the concept of trust is a concrete object that can be fumbled and broke. Give you all my 3) If I was the greatest thing to happen trust means trust someone seriously, trust to you, would you know it? what he says and what he does. The meaning of the lyric is Selena wants to The lyric “if I was the greatest thing to ascertain if she really can trust the person happen to you, would you know it?” is a and if he won’t betray her. structural metaphor. The word I in the lyric might refers to the love someone’s feel for b. Metaphor in Let Me Get Me Selena. The experience of falling in love is Lyric. described as the greatest thing. The meaning of the lyric is Selena wants to 1) I'ma dance for therapy, all my ensure if the person she loves will care if babies and me. the love he feels for her is really an important thing. The lyric “I'ma dance for therapy, all my babies and me’ is a structural metaphor. In 4) I would tell you all my secrets, general, people dance just for fun, while wrap your arms around my weakness. therapy is a treatment of physical problem or illness. Therapy is also used for mental The lyric “I would tell you all my or emotional illness. The word babies secrets, wrap your arms around my illustrate her best friends. “I’ma dance for weakness” is an ontological metaphor. therapy, all my babies and me” here might According to Cambridge Dictionary, means that she dances and have fun with weakness is a particular part or quality of the people closest to her to heal from her someone or something that is not good or emotional pain to achieve her happiness. effective. In this lyric, the word weakness is described as a concrete thing in which 2) Burn this camouflage I've been someone could wrap it with their arms. wearing for months. When she said that she would tell all her secrets, it means she trusts him and she will The lyric “burn this camouflage I've tell and show him all her strengths and even been wearing for months” is a structural her weakness. In this lyric, Selena seems to metaphor. In Cambridge Dictionary, want to tell her lover that she trusts him and camouflage is something that is meant to ask him to accept herself, accept all her hide something or behavior that is intended strengths and all her weakness. to hide the truth. It’s something that cannot be burnt. The meaning of the lyric “burn

382 this camouflage I've been wearing for Because the word replaying illustrates how months” is that the writer decided to stop the girl tries to remember or rethought her the pretense and falsehood she experienced conversations with the boy he loved. in her past. She decides to be herself. 3) You're stuck in my head and I can't 3) Don't get me down, I won't let me get you out of it. get me down. The lyric “you're stuck in my head and I The lyrics “don't get me down, I won't can't get you out of it” is an ontological let me get me down” is an ontological metaphor. The words you represents the metaphor. The second me in the lyrics writer thoughts about the man she loves as refers to her feelings and emotions. Those a concrete thing. The meaning of this feelings and emotions could be the feeling expression is that she cannot forget him or of never satisfied of herself, jealousy, the her memories about him no matter how feeling of inferiority. The meaning of the hard she tries. lyric is that the writer won’t let those feelings make her lack of self-love, d. Metaphor in Lose You to Me disrespect herself, make her feeling Lyric unwanted, etc. 1) Set fires to my forest, and you let it 4) I'm so connected to me. burn. The lyric “I'm so connected to me” is an The lyric “set fires to my forest, and you ontological metaphor. According to let it burn” is an ontological metaphor. The Cambridge Dictionary, connection is the word fires represent a passionate love, and state of being related to someone or the word forest represents the ’s something else. The word me in the lyric life. In this lyric, she seems to express that refers to feeling and emotion. The meaning she already has a very deep love to him. of this lyric is that the writer knows what The love she feels is actually getting she really feels and what she really wants stronger but then it ruins her life. The love to do. she has makes her feel the disappointment and heartache. c. Metaphor in Back to You Lyric 2) Set fire to my purpose, and I let it 1) And every time we talk, every burn. single word builds up to this moment and I gotta convince myself I don't want it Even The lyric “set fire to my purpose, and I though I do. let it burn” is an ontological metaphor. The word fire in the lyric represents The lyric ‘’and every time we talk, every destruction, the pain she feels because of single word builds up to this moment’ is an loving someone. While, the word purpose ontological metaphor. This moment in the seems to indicate as the songwriter’s lyric means the moment when she feels future. In the Set fire to my purpose, and I happy and sad in the same time when they let it burn, the songwriter seems to tell that talk. The lyrics explain about a girl who the pain of love impacts her future. She broke up with his boyfriend but she still feels that she had let her future be ruined or loves him So that, she is happy every time be destroyed by her broken heart towards they have a talk. But on the other hand, she his ex-boyfriend. knows should also be aware that he’s not hers anymore. 3) You tore me down and now it’s showing. 2) Playing and replaying old conversations The lyric “You tore me down and now it’s showing” is an ontological metaphor. The lyric “playing and re-playing old The lyric illustrates the concept of human’s conversations” is structural a metaphor. feeling is fragile with the concrete object of

383 me. The word me represents Selena’s meaning of the lyric is that Selena want to feelings she was trying to hide. In this lyric, tell the consequence she’s facing because human feeling is represented as thing that of loving someone and her sadness and can be tore down. This lyric describes disappointment of their break up. She’s about her feeling that was hurt by the man telling how hurt she is because of him. she loved. f. Metaphor in Bad Liar Lyric. 4) In two months you replaced ‘us’, like it was easy. 1) Ooh you're taking up a fraction of my mind. The lyric “in two months you replaced ‘us’, like it was easy” is a structural The lyric “Ooh you're taking up a metaphor. The word us in the lyric fraction of my mind” is an ontological represents memories and loves. In this metaphor. The lyric illustrates the concept lyric, the Selena tries to explain how the of mind is an object that has some man she loved moves on so easily, and fractions. The meaning of the lyric is that even finds a new love while it was hard for she keeps thinking about someone. her to move on and forgets about their love and memories. 2) Paint my kiss across your chest. If you're the art, I'll be the brush. 5) And now the chapter is closed and done. The lyric “If you're the art, I'll be the brush” is an ontological metaphor. You The lyric “And now the chapter is closed (person) in the lyric is compared with art and done” is an ontological metaphor. The directly. While I is compared with brush, a lyric illustrates the concept life is book. tool used to paint. In this lyric, the Selena The word chapter in the lyrics represents wants to express how two people needs the love relationship. Selena uses this lyric each other. Because art won’t exist without to tell that she has moved one and ended the brush while the brush will be useless if it’s love she had for someone she ever loved. not used to paint. e. Metaphor in People You Know Hyperbole in Selena Gomez’s Album, Lyric. Rare 1) Nights with you, I still could taste a. Hyperbole in Back to You Lyric. it. 1) You could break my heart in two, The lyric “Nights with you, I still could but when it heals, it beats for you. taste it” is a structural metaphor. the word night in the lyric represents the times she The lyric “you could break my heart in spent with her ex-boyfriend. While, the two, but when it heals, it beats for you” is a word taste in this lyric replaces the word clausal hyperbole since it is exaggerated. remember. So, the meaning of this lyric is You could break my heart in two has that Selena wants to tell how she still can another meaning which is the man she remember all the good and the bad times loves can hurt her so much and he can make they spent together, all the good and the her feel sad. It beats for you is also bad experiences. exaggerated since the heart beats only for its owner to keep her alive. So, this 2) Now I'm breathing ashes and dust. expression means that she really loves him and she wants to live her life just with him. The lyric “Now I'm breathing ashes and dust” is an ontological metaphor. The 2) And everybody knows that we got words ash and dust represent unfinished business. disappointment and sadness after her passionate love. While breathe as we know The lyric “And everybody knows that is an activity that we do to live. The we got unfinished business” is single word

384 hyperbole since it is exaggerated. People life to her ex-boyfriend, she has sacrificed around them may know about their what she had just for their love or their relationship or know that have unfinished relationship because their love has become business. But, this expression uses word her priority. And what she done is everybody, where it is impossible that witnessed by other people and they all people around the world know about it. The know it. meaning of this expression is that many people know about their relationship and c. Hyperbole in Vulnerable Lyric. they know that they have unfinished business or unfinished love story. 1) I’ma give you all my body, are you strong enough to hold it? 3) Playing and replaying old conversations, overthinking every word The lyric “I’ma give you all my body, and I hate it. are you strong enough to hold it?” is a single word hyperbole since it is The lyric “Playing and replaying old exaggerated. The sentence I’ma give you conversations, overthinking every word all my body is exaggeration. When and I hate it” is a single word hyperbole someone’s falling in love, she might give because it’s exaggerated. A person might everything like wealth, attention and love overthink about something. This for the person she loved to make him expression uses word every word and it is happy. But, giving him all her body is impossible that she can remember and exaggerated. The meaning of the lyric is overthink all the words in her all old she is going to give him all her attention, conversations she had with someone. The love, and her trust and she wants to know if meaning of this lyric is that she rethought he can accept them all. their conversations and that still cannot forget about the man she loves or the Symbol in Selena Gomez’s Album, Rare. memories she had with him. a. Symbol in People You Know b. Hyperbole in Lose You to Love Lyric Me Lyric. 1). When it was good, we were on fire. 1) You promised the world and I fell for it. In the lyric “When it was good, we were on fire”, there is a symbol. The symbol The lyric “you promised the world and I used in this lyric is an object which is fire. fell for it” is single word hyperbole since As we know, the word fire symbolizes it’s exaggerated. The sentence you many things including destruction, passion, promised the world seems that someone desire, etc. In this lyric, fire symbolizes who promised can give anything that exists passion or desire. In the lyric, Selena in the world. The word world in the lyric seems to want to tell about her past refers to happiness and love. In this lyric, relationship with her ex. How passionate the Selena tries to express her regret and they were when their relationship was still mistake for trusting to her lover’s sweet fine. promises in the past. b. Symbol in Let Me Get Me Lyric. 2) I gave my all and they all know it. 1) No self-sabotage, no letting my The lyric “I gave my all and they all thoughts run. Me and the spiral are done. know it” is a single word hyperbole because it’s exaggerated. The phrase my all In the lyric “No self-sabotage, no letting implies an exaggeration idea. The word my my thoughts run. Me and the spiral are all in this sentence might refer to done”, there is a symbol. The symbol used everything that she has, includes her in this lyric is an object which is spiral. dreams and her trust. Selena seems to Spiral in Cambridge Dictionary means a express that she has already given all of her shape of a continuous, curving line that

385 forms circles around a center point. Spiral metaphor; 16 ontological metaphor, 6 symbolizes the journey and change of life. structural metaphor, while the orientational It can also symbolize a complicated metaphor cannnot be found in the lyrics. situation. The word spiral in this expression There are also 6 expressions of hyperbole; illustrates the behavior or mindset that hold 5 single word hyperbole and 1 clausal her back and prevents her from doing what hyperbole, while numerical hyperbole, she wants. The lyric “no self-sabotage, no phrasal hyperbole, repetition, the role of letting my thoughts run. Me and the spiral superlative and comparison cannot be are done” means that she is ready to move found in the lyrics. The researcher also on, she is ready to leave all of the found 3 expressions of symbol. complicated situations she faced and the things that hold her. She is ready to become The meaning of those figurative a better person. language expressions are various. All of the findings have their own meanings. The c. Symbol in Bad Liar Lyrics. meaning have been explained in the previous chapter. Finally, the researcher 1). All of my feelings on fire. foundout the answers, which expression refers to metaphor, hyperbole and symbol In the lyric “All my feelings on fire”, and the meaning of those expressions. there is a symbol. The symbol used in this lyric is an object which is fire. The word 4. CONCLUSION fire symbolizes desire and passion. According to Oxford Dictionary, feeling is Conclusion something felt through the mind and or the senses, which means it’s an abstract thing After analyzing and presenting the that can be on the fire. The lyric describes figurative language expressions found in the passion and desire someone’s feeling. Selena Gomez’s Rare album in the previous chapter, the conclusion of the Conclusion and Drawing Verification result is presented. By analyzing the song lyrics in Selena’s “Rare” album, it could be After finishing the data reduction found that there are 31 expressions of and data display, the last step of analyzing figurative language in three types, which data in this research is drawing verification. are metaphor, hyperbole and symbol. The After evaluating the expressions in three expressions of metaphor have the highest types of figurative language, the researcher frequency of all the total expressions of obtained the information of the result. The figurative language, which is 22 researcher found some kinds of figurative expressions. Expressions of hyperbole get language in six song lyrics of Selena the second highest frequency, which is 6 Gomez which are choosen by the expressions. And expressions of symbol researcher. The title of the songs are Lose get the least frequency which is only 3 You To Love Me, Bad Liar, Back To You, expressions. Metaphor is the most Vulnerable, People You Know and Let Me dominant type of figurative language found Get Me. The research findings in this in selected song lyrics of Selena Gomez’s research also proves that figurative album, Rare. language not only found in poem, it also can be found in song lyrics. The meanings of the figurative language expressions were explained in the previous This research was conducted to find chapter. One of them was the lyric “set fire out the types of figurative language to my purpose, and I let it burn” in the Lose expressions used in Selena Gomez’s Rare You to Love Me lyrics. It describes how the album and to describe the meaning of those songwriter had let her future be ruined or figurative language. So, in this research the be destroyed by her broken heart towards researcher found 31 expressions of his ex-boyfriend. And its kind of figurative figurative language expressions. The language is metaphor. By using figurative figurative language that is most often used language, it makes the lyrics more is metaphor. There are 22 expressions of interesting and beautiful. The lyrics of

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Selena’s selected songs tried to tell us Education Studies, vol. 10, no.8; about human life which contained about love, sadness, happiness, selflove, 2017. relationship and others. Panambunan. E. Tulung, G. J., Maru, M. In this research, the researcher chose 6 G., (2016). Improving Students’ song lyrics in Selena’s “Rare” album to be Ability Through analyzed. Those six song lyrics contain many expressions of figurative language. Communicate Language This fact shows that the use of figurative Teaching of The second language is important in song lyrics. The Level Students at ‘MEC’ expressions of figurative language Megalia English Course. Vol. influence the song lyric to become more beautiful and interesting. 1, No.1. Suggestion Maru, M. G., Sudarsono, L., Samola, N. 2016. A Discourse Analysis Based on research that has been done, it Figurative Language in is known that there are many kinds of Barrack H. Obama’s Speech. figurative language. But in this study, the researcher delimited the research only on Vol.4, No. 1 metaphor, hyperbole and symbol. So, there are some types of figurative language that Miles, Mathew B, and A. Michael aren’t be discussed in this research. From Huberman. (1994). AnExpanded the explanation above, the researcher can suggest for future researcher to analyze and Sourcebook: Qualitative Data discuss other types of figurative language Analysis. London: Sage in Selena’s other album. The researcher can Publication. also use other literary works, such as novel, advertisement, movie, etc. So, the readers Raisa. M. (2017). A Study of Figurative can really understand the figurative language, the types, and the function of Language Covering Simile, each figurative language. Metaphor, Personification And Symbol In Poem. Tanjungpura REFERENCES University Pontianak.

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