Shaw, Oregon, Friend of Sublimity
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AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Tina K. Schweickert for the degree of Master of Science in History of Science presented on December 3, 2009. Title: Nature in Chains: The Effects of Thomas Jefferson’s Rectangular Survey on a Pacific Northwest Landscape Abstract approved: Mary Jo Nye Understanding the impact of humans on the environment has long been a topic of scholarly interest and debate. As environmental problems mount, accounts of historic ecological conditions and the factors of change become increasingly useful. This study considers competing schools of interpretation about human impacts on ecological landscapes and develops a case study of one thirty-six square mile township in Oregon’s Waldo Hills. Built on evidence from 1851 surveyor notes, maps, journals, aerial photos, interviews, and contemporary environmental and ecological data, this study demonstrates a transformation from ecologically diverse ecosystems under the management of native peoples to ecologically depressed monoculture landscapes under industrialized agriculture. This thesis argues that the fundamental beliefs of human societies (i.e., worldviews) become expressed in the landscape. The nature-as-community view of the Kalapuya Indians resulted in a complex, curvilinear mosaic of prairie, savanna, and woodland. The individualized and rationalized view of the Euroamericans resulted in a simplified landscape of squared-off fields, channelized streams, and roads aligned to the survey grid. Thomas Jefferson’s rectangular survey, built on the ‘virtuous square’, is examined as a symbolic and tangible instrument of rapid expansion and exploitation across the American West. Understanding that worldviews become expressed in physical conditions may benefit those working to create sustainable futures; i.e., long-term and widespread ecological improvements will likely succeed only if society at large shares a fundamental belief in the value of healthy ecosystems. -
Marion County Comprehensive Land Use Plan Background and Inventory
MARION COUNTY COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN BACKGROUND AND INVENTORY REPORT PREPARED BY MARION COUNTY PLANNING DIVISION ADOPTED March 31, 1982 Revised 10/98 Revised 05/00 Revised 11/04 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Introduction ............................................................................................................. 4 General Background ............................................................................................... 4 Geographic Description Settlement History Climate Geology and Surficial Deposits Natural Resources Inventory ................................................................................. 12 Soils Water Resources Natural Areas Scenic Waterways Fish and Wildlife Habitats Mineral and Aggregate Source Existing Land Use ....................................................................................................40 Urban Land Use Agricultural Land Forest Land Land Ownership Population History and Projections .......................................................................55 State Population County Population Urban Population Parks and Recreation Inventory ............................................................................ 59 Introduction Historical Sites Willamette River Greenway Development Limitations ........................................................................................80 Floodplains Landslide Areas Building Site Limitations Septic Tank Filer Field Limitations Energy Sources Inventory .......................................................................................92 -
Scandinavians in the Silverton
I INTRODUCTION One hundred years ago – 1878 – a very husky twenty-six year old Norwegian immigrant living in Wisconsin made himself a four-legged stool because in the bunk house at the logging camp where he worked he needed a chair of his own. A wood chest, still labeled “Silverton, Oregon” reveals that this same young man also brought his family of five and their possessions from “Back East” to Silverton in 1892. These valuables, now mine, have made me wonder about the routes of other Scandinavians who ventured as far as the Silverton country and who also had had the urge to cross the Rockies. It has been an interesting experience to trace the paths of a few of them and also to establish the reasons for their migration. As a people, they came at a rather late date in the pioneer period of Oregon’s history, but on the whole they came to stay. Hence, their story is one of significance in Oregon’s development. It is with no apologies that I find and record the happenings in the life of my own grandparents, Bent and Beret Tingelstad, 1892 Oregon Norwegian pioneers; and their immediate descendants. Other personal references included are primarily from contemporary newspaper accounts, church records, correspondence, and interviews, the majority being with the descendants in those early families. My regret is that the story was not written some years ago when the accounts could have been first-hand and consequently presented more accurately, in much greater detail, and with more color. I hope, however, that a little of their style of western living is portrayed in the following pages.