C ONT E NT S .

o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o Ch a p ter— J T h e L a nd a n d it s Settlem e n t — 2 T h e Di s a fforest a tion — 3 The Co m m o n L a nds — 4 Corn G ro w in g a n d t h e Ol d Corn M il l

—T h o a l D c C i ndust ry

—~ T h e Cotton I ndust ry — 7 T h e Rel igious De n om in a t i on s — S Ob s o lete Cu s tom s a n d B e l ie fs

— ’ 9 I o c t s a n d Poe t ry

' I o - Pl a c c N a m e s a n d Di a lect V o r d s

‘ i i a n d t h e ( u n l iffe s — i z T h c F o u i d s F a m i ly o f Tr a w den H a il — 1 3 Pub lic I n stituti on s — 1 4 Lo "a "Government — — I g T h c VVo o dl a n d S Conclusion

PREFACE.

Well done th ou r an d ol d Trawden at th e oot of Boul sworth Hil l , g , f , ”

Wh ere m en h a e l ived and sti l do e ossessed of mind and wi l . v , l l iv , p l

So ran the rhymes of a Colne gentlem an a bout 3 6 years a go a s h e e a r cited hi s poem at Trawden , attr cting my attention , because from I my earliest years had a l ively interest i n things historic and anti quari an , and greatly regretted that no one had ever a ttempted to record local

- events and folk lore . When people told of old customs and striking i ncidents i t seemed a pity that no one recorded them permanently for the a I in struction n d amusement of future generations . Twice started to

a w a s f make contemporary record , but so disappointed wi th my e forts I I . e that destroyed them At the same time , however , extracted very note rel a ting to Trawden which could be found in the various histories “ a a n d a of L ncashi re , al so i n that treasu re of loc l i nterest , The Annal s I a o f Colne . F rom elderly people g thered many item s of local know ledge a n d preserved these notes in t he hope that a t some future t ime

n they might b e of val ue to a y local h istorian or descri ptive writer . Had ? my n a t ive vill a ge n o h i story w orth recording \Vas i t ever a great ? a s a \\7 l fi forest , its n me suggested hen di d peop e rst settle there and ? w ho w ere they W h o origi n a lly ow ned the l a nd and h ow di d i t develop 7 into the present system of small fa rm s ? “ 11 0 fi rst built the stone wall s round the fields ? Had the moor ever b een common property ? Who ? li rst built the fa rmhouses a n d gave them n a mes Why h a d the story i n d romance of Tra w den H a ll a n d its owners never been preserved ?

Wh a a a n d a y did we have char cteri stic dialect , l stly why did people in other pl a ces seek laughter a n d che a p popularity by a ttaching the n a me

a n y st o r v t h ev h a d ? of Trawden t o ridiculous heard , read , or i nvented

w t h e a fre u ent l v a n d Such ere question s th t q rose i n mv mi nd , w fo r w hich I could fi nd no a n s er .

w a After t enty ye rs of city li fe , on returning to live i n Colne , it w a s mv good fortune to meet friends w h o w ere a b le to supplement m a ny

a a n of my e rl ier n otes , and thi s led to exten sive research of peculiar

a a a n d a a a interest , lthough often l bori ous , the ccumul ti on of mass of

a a e . a m teri l , much of which has never been publi sh d As contribution of local hi story brief outl i nes of thi s record w ere given to The Literary

S o cie t v and Scientific of Colne , the town on whi ch Trawden has always

I n been dependent . respon se to the great interest shown , it seemed a a t h e a a C o l n c ppropri te to publish the com plete record i n loc l p per , The ” a nd Nel son Ti mes .

T H E A N N A LS O F T RAW D E N F O R E T S .

C HA PT E R I . LAN D AN D I T S S E T L EM E T H E T NT .

a a Tr wden F orest exten ds from the bound ries of Colne , to the

- a t south an d south west , over the ne rer n or hern slope of

B u l sw o rt h a o H ill to the f rther southern slope , where it forms

b a a a . y the county ound ry of L nc shi re I t has three mair divisions ,

a w W in ew a l l a n d W co l l a r Tr den i n the west , i n the centre , y i n the north

a a o f e st , e ch which extends from the Colne boundary to the Yorkshi re

a h a border . The county bound ry l ine s an elevation of from to

se a feet above level , an d i s the term ination of the di stricts of

Oa w b W a l sh a w a a n d -4 k orth , Stan ury , , W dsworth , Widdop , i n York

B f a n d a n d . shire , of Extwistle , riercli fe , Nelson i n Lancashi re The

B o u l sw o rt h La dl o w highest point of H ill , Stones , feet above sea

a n d a a a a level , consider ble re on the top of the m oor , li e well within the b ound a ry of Tra wden F orest .

a a - tw o The gener l slope of the l nd i s to the north west , with m a i n depressions through w hich run Trawden b rook a n d W ycol l a r

a w a s brook to j oin Colne w ter , wh ich formerly the northern boundary . W in ew a l l lies between the two m a in stream s at the northern end of the town shi p an d near the j uncti on of Trawden brook an d Colne water . The h a mlet of Trawden has a lways been of greater importance tha n

W i n ew a l l a n d W co l l a r an i either of the sister hamlets of y , d i t i s ma nly

. with Tra wden that I sh a ll deal . There i s no i mport a nt highway through

h a s a a n a the Forest , and this fact prob bly led to greater seclusion d greater development of loca l ch a racter than would otherwi se have bee n the c a se .

a W col l a r VVin ew a l l From Colne road goes up to y through , and

- an d connects up to the Colne Haworth highway , by an old road , R ock

a . a l L ne , to Trawden The other old ro d leads by Carry Bridge , up Coa

a a . n pit L ne over the Mi r ge to Trawden Hill The modern road , Skipto “ ” a l t h e t h Ro d , but a ways referred to as New Road , follows closely e tra ck of Trawden water from its j unction with Colne water at Cotton

Tree . No record has yet been di scovered to i ndicate which of the three

a vill ges is the oldest . ‘ I n the fi rst great l a n d su rv ey of England made a t the directi on

. of Willi am the Con queror , and recorded in the Domesday Book i n 1 086 “ ” w A . D . , the whole of the lands of thi s district ere recorded as wastes , a n d were granted as part of the Hundred of Bl a ckburn to the Norman

P i a o ct o u b . knight , Roger of , who uilt Cl itheroe C stle Robert de L a cy

a succeeded hi m , and by the marri ge of hi s only su rviving daughter ,

a a n d r em a in e d a L a these l nds became part of the Duchy of ncaster , u ntil the Restora tion of Ch a rles the Secon d . They were then bestowed

a a on George Monk , the Duke of Albem rle , as a rew rd for his se rvices

a n d 1 6 0 to the king , after hi s death in 7 they passed th rough the House

a a a n d of Mont gue , to th t of the Duke of Buccleuch , then to the Cl itheroe

E states Company .

The e a rliest record i n which Tr a wden F orest i s mentioned i s i n the C o m po t u s or yea rly a ccou nt presented by the steward a t the Man or

a H ouse of I ghtenhill for Hen ry de Lacy , the E rl of Lincoln , who was

‘ then Lord of the Manor . Clitheroe C a stle was hi s L a ncash ire strong hold and resi dence lying m idwa y between h is other castles of Lanca ster

h a a a . d a n d an d Pontefract At Coln e he m nor house , his hunting forest s

R o ssen da l e incl uded those of Pen dle , Accrington , , and Trawden . He

- a v a cc a r ies of al so had twenty nine cattle breeding f rm s , or , one which

h n O a w a s a f a T r o c de e . was ver the vacc ry baili f or I n st urator , and hi s

I n st a u r a t u m a yearly account of the stock of cattle , the , shows th t the

0 i a a total stock of cattle numbered 4 7 , in the charge of f ve ssi st nt cow h m herds wh o sheltered i n booths . The names of these b o o t en a re given a s a a w a a Ad m , son of John , Matild ife of J ord n del Bothe , Emm del i M u n k r o de Em o t F e r n s de . a , Henry de , and Peter del y The c ttle reared w al a n d w a ere of sm l size , oxen ere of more value than cows bec use

w t hey were u sed to draw waggons or ploughs . An ox a s then worth

9 / a cow 7 / a hi de w hile a cart horse cost £2 to £3 . The

a w a c ttle ere ffected to some extent with the murrain , but they suffered

a a . m ore from the r v ges of wolves , which then i nfested the di strict At each booth i t i s recorded th a t c a ttle have been l ost by the att a ck s of

- . w a s a wolves Such a count ry not suitable for sheep f rming , and neither

a s heep nor wool r e mentioned .

The fi rst menti on of VVynew el l e in T ro ch de n e F orest occu rs i n connection with the building anew of one barn there a t a cost of a n d for repai ring one house there thrown down by one o a k

a m a n t he sum of w a s paid . The wages of for guarding calves from t he wol f i s given as one shilling and twopence .

6 The most i nteresting item i s that sea - coal was sold in Trawden

' ' h il l in i 1 for t en s gs n 296 . The coal u sed in London and in the south of ‘ ” n a s ea- l Engla d was c lled coa for centuries , because it was imported by se a from the coal mines o f Northumberlan d and Durham . The

N m 1 2 1 u . a e f a of o n A . D e rli st o fici l record c al orth berland was in 34 , when

N a a m en o . Hen ry I I I . gr nted the of ewcastle licen se t dig coal The m of a l wa s D 1 2 8 a n 1 8 first ention sea co at over m 7 , d yet years after wa rds it 1 5 recorded a s h a vi ng been sold i n Trawden . A probable

a n o f hi a a a expl ati n o t s f ct i s that it was known by th t n me at Lincoln , a n e t h e a o f d th is di strict b ing one of the forests of De Lacy , E rl Lincoln ,

a 1 0 - a the s a me n a me was appl ied to co l here . I n 3 5 the sea co l i n

T ra w den yiel d ed Sixteen shillings .

' ‘ ' These Co m po t i give u s an outline o f l ife in the Forest under the r E t a n few1n ai ule of a N orman arl , when the en ts were n umber and m nly

- e r ea r 1n t o l . occupi d with the g of ca tle , r winni ng of sea coa As the

a n a e a t he a n d h l d s p ss d by marri ge to Duke of Lancaster , t ence to the ' K ing of Engl a nd,t h e tenants are referred to a s belonging to the r e 1gn 1 n g

Ki ng or Queen .

A su rvey of the m a nor of Colne i n 1 3 2 3 st a tes th a t there a re fiv e v a cca r ie s in T ro u de n a n d that there is greater adva nt a ge to the king to a dgi st or p a sture these v a cca r ie s by a sui table n umber of cows than to

a s et them out to fa rm . I t is also recorded th t i n thi s year a b a nd of ra iders from Craven and Ai redale hea ded by Nicholas de Mauleverer

' ' ' t h e C o n stabl e of Skipton C a stle di d take from t he ca ttle b reeding

' ‘l a u w n r estab lishments a rge n mber of co s a d bulls . T espasses a nd deer i ' ' ' ea o e a a s in o t her a n 1 st ling were rep rt d in Tr wden forests , nd i 343 i

' - a n d others were cha rged w it h h a vi ng entered Queen

’ ‘ ' ' a b e a free ch a se at n nt a n d a a I s ll s Trawde , hu ed there , c rried deer way ,

' a nd a ssa u l t ed her serva nt Ad a m the P rocter. Th ere was a conviction

’ ' da ma e s a sse ssed 1 2 C o m o t u s with g I n 4 3 , i n the p of

' ’ ‘ e o r of Bl a ckb u r n sh i r e w a H n ry de H oght n , the Master Foreste , the ges

' ' er T r o u den a t h e a a l h of one moor driv at , w tch ing nim s w en theytry

i " ' 6 w h i - st r a o o d . fo r t r t t w . o y int Y rk shire , is given as per eek y one eeks

' . wa s na t a a h r w a t a e He u ble o w tch the an im l s t e e ithout ssi s nc , so fou r

n w e w a s c th e a n n shillings a d t op nce harged for wages of atte dant . The ' c ollectors o f the herb a ge reported th a t nineteen acres of wa ste l a nd i n

T r o u den a a were demi sed to Lawrence P rker at fourpence per acre , th t w a a i nter herb ge yielded nothing, becau se in the ch se the grass i s con

‘ ’ a a sumed by the King s nimal s , and from the gr ss sown for mowing there ’ i s al no revenue because i t i s reserved for the King s wild an im s . T h e

a w a s l m ster forester named Wil iam N utter , and hi s wages were two

e r da . pence p y Not content with the ordinary revenue from hi s forests ,

- VI I the money loving king , Henry . , sent a Comm ission to revive P uture

Rents , which will be understood from the following statement “ Whereas of old use a n d custom the foresters and kee pers of our Forests

Ro sse n da l e a of Pendle , , Accrington , and Tr wden have had of very right

a n d a and duty at certain ti mes d ys , meat an d dri nk of the ten ants therein

a w and djoi ning , the hich i s now called Puture or Forester Fee , it also a ppe a reth th a t for divers displeasures and annoyances that the said

a a an d Foresters comm itted g inst the tenants , their wives servants , the t a a a enants m de compl int to ou r progenitors , Dukes of L ncaster , and b ound themselves to pay for the time being to the sai d

F oresters towards thei r wages , and i n recompence of meat an d drin k V a I . c lled F orester Fee , which was pai d to the first year of Edward ,

w a s 1 1 6 8 then the said Puture put i n respi te so that J6 9/ / i s now in respite which if i t should b e longer delayed would turn to our disinherit

a nce an d the utter destruction of our F oresters for lack of keeping . h Wherefore en quire w ich tenants ought to pay the said duties , and

w hat everyone of them after the old usage and custom there , an d there

u pon compel them to pay i t , or distrain them an d for utter refusing

a n d sei ze on their tenures immediately , admit such other person s as ” w ill be content to pa y the sai d duties .

These extra cts give us a picture of th e earliest recorded settle

v a cca r ies ments i n the di strict . There were a few reari ng cattle for

a t he lord of the manor , the king or queen , while the gre ter part of the

l a nd formed a deer forest , in which there were also wolves and wild

1 t h v a cca ries e boa rs . Throughout the s century the system of se ms to

a e have continued , but there would be gradual breaking up of the for st

' i flo re st a t i n 1 6 d sa o 0 . 1 2 land and an i nflux of people until the in 5 I n 4 3 ,

i v iz O h v a cca r es . e the F orest of Tra wden contained five , , ver and Net r

a h a w \V co l l e r VV new a ll a n d O Be rd s . a n y , y , ver and Nether For m y

ye a rs a fter this date , the name Trawden i s used for the F orest only

a O e and not for the vill a ge or v a ccary . The n mes ver and Neth r

i s Be a rd sh a w a re used to signify the residenti a l part of Trawden . I t

f Bea rdsh a w Bea rdsh a w h ea d o interest to notice that the names of and

C h . still rem a in a s the names of farm s overlooking the Cathole loug

v a ca r ie s 1 2 The yearly v a lue of the c increased from in 3 3 ,

b oo t h m en in 1 3 . when they were m a naged by herders or , to 4 3

8 v a cca r ie s The system had then changed , and the were let out to the

a . 1 8 highest bidder , on short le ses of seven or ten years I n 47 , Lord

a Bea rd sh a w a n d 1 0 St nley leased Booth , i n 5 3 , the Earl of Derby and

a l l v a cca ries - o ne fames Stanley , hi s son , leased the for twenty years , the lessees to repai r al l buildings .

The civi l court before which disputes were settled was ca lled the

VV an oodm o t e . This was probably held at the same time d place as t h e

Ha l m o t e of the m anor of Colne . Fines derived from pleas of debt or

2 trespass amounted to 3 / i n 1 4 3 and in 1 443 . C HA PT ER ' H .

TH E D I SAF FORE STAT I ON .

t h a s v s h ot h e s stem o f e I been pre iou ly descri bed n direct cattl ‘ y a h a d a a a t h e f rming been repl ced by system of short le ses , at the end of

1 A a 6 a t h . a 1 0 s century gre t ch nge occurred in 5 , when Roy l Com mi s

' si o n e r s a fiVe v a cca r ies w h ich w e re i n surveyed , p rtitioned , and let the cl uded in T ra wden F orest to divers ten a nts who occupied hol dings

a - a extending altogether to acres , or bout one third of the total are f of the F orest . These holdings were the origin of the present system o

m a n d a a a a a far s , m ny of the pl ce n mes h ve continued without ppreciable

’ a ch a nge during the last 400 years . This b re king up of the King s forest

a into a system of small f rm s and cottages w a s c a lled the di safforestation .

Up to 1 506 i t was a forest u sed for cattle rearing and for the

a hunting of wild beasts , forest not completely covered with trees ,

m an v a although there were m ore trees th n there are at present , but i t

a con s isted l a rgely of grassland . New f rms were gradually made by

a a a a a cultiv ting the w ste forest l nd , but a l rge mount of common land

a f a rem ined on which the di ferent ten nts could pasture thei r cattle . No

tenant however could send as many cattle as he pleased to the common ,

a a but only cert in n umber in proportion to t he extent of his holding . Frequently t here were di sputes because tenants h a d sent more cattle to

a a the common l nd th n they were entitled to , or the cattle had trespassed ,

h a a or new fences d been erected or old fences h d been broken down .

The court of law to settle such disputes was formed by t h e

in h a b it a nts a mong them selves . The people were mutually respon sible

a a . w a s a for the m inten nce of law and order The law not written one , but the ancient custom of the people a s declared to be true by a j ury of

On c a n a twelve of t he oldest inhab it a nts . e re di ly see that such a meeting would a lways be an en qui ry to decide what had been the

a a n d w a s immemori l custom of the township , thus i t always called an

a i n quest or i n quisi tion . Thi s system was a su rviv l of a very ancient

- a a n d Anglo S xon custom , the ancient word , mote or moot , which mean s

a w a s a a . w a s meeti ng , lw ys used for it When it held in the woods i t

w a s a a a a . Woodmote , name l re dy u sed in this history I f held at the

a w a s a H a l m o t hall of the l ord of the m nor , it Hallmote , or as it i s

- a - H a l m o t called to day , for j urors are still called h lf yearly to the Court

to hold a n I n qui sition and see that a ncient custom s are kept . Sim ilarly

S h i re m o ot the meeting for shi re or county was the , and the meeting

h a l l a a s a M oo t . pl ce , i n the city of Durham , i s still c lled the

I O w a s f At the head of the I nqui sition the G reave , the chief o ficer of

b v a the township , elected the ten nts from among those of thei r own

a a n a a num ber h ving most sub st nce a d ability . E ch ten nt w a s liable for

w a a this service , hich seem s origi nally to h ve been held for one ye r only .

w a s a a a w a s There lso Const ble or Pinner , who elected to seize cattle

a a a t a a tresp ssing or w ndering l rge , or to take them in di str int for debt , a n d a lodge them in the vill ge pinfold , there to be kept until they were

redeemed by the owner on pa yment of a fine . An Affeeror w a s a p pointed to settle fines imposed for breaches of well - known vill a ge

o w a - a w e cust ms , hich were fi rst c lled byre l ws , from which get ou r

- F e nce l o o ke r h a d a n m odern word bye laws . The i mportant offi ce in

w a n d those days , when fences ere fi rst erected the common lands and enclosed l a nds were so sim ilar . The Aletaster had a peculi a r occupa

b u t a a a n tion , there i s no record during the next centu ry th t he m de y compl a i nt .

The rent p a yable w a s fourpence per L a ncashire acre of twenty

’ a a a yards to the perch , and fine of one year s rent was p y ble on admit

a H a l m t w t a nce to a holding . The H llmoot or o Court a s the meeting

a a n d h a d of the ten nts , was concerned only with the lands which never

a h a d b een gr nted out or sublet under the Feudal System , but remained

’ a p a rt of the lord s m a nor which in thi s case was the Honor of Clitheroe . E a ch ten a nt held hi s l a nds di rectly from his lord by a copy of the Court

w a n a . a Roll ithout y intermedi ry H e was thus copyholder , hi s land

w a a a n d . s c lled copyhold , his rent , copyhold rent Thi s system has

b u t w a survived , hile the copyhold rents have never ltered , the value in

a n d a a buildings improvements h ve conti nuously appreci ted , so that now

“ ’ ” y or a s the cop hold rent , Duke s rent i t i s frequently called , is very sm a ll i n comp a ri son with the ordin a ry rent which a ten a nt is willing to give for a ny pr o pe r t v he desi res to hold hi msel f or to sublet in the

w a n w F orest . Even now , ho ever , y o ner must be willing to render suit

a n d a t H a l m o t a service the Court to the lord of the m nor , the vendor

a m ust surrender his l nd or buildings to the lord of the manor , while

a a a a the purch ser receives them b ck from th t source . I f the l ndlord dies

w a a i thout hei r hi s property revert s to the origi n l l ndlord , the lord of the

m a nor .

The fi rst In quis iti on of the Forest of Tra wden w a s held in

M a 1 1 0 a a y, 5 , by the o th of fourteen ten nts , n ine of whom had the sur

a o f a S h o t il w o r t h S h a k l t o n n me H rtley , one of , one Smyth , two of y ,

a n d a a a one Driver . I f we could tr ce out the history of single f mily in

I I some det a il it w ould provide an inv a luable record an d description of

H a rt l e v s these d istant times . The have always predomi n a ted in

a n d a n umber , for long fter thi s date they were probably most important ,

a a a a but h ving n o di st inguishing marks of f m ily or pl ce of bode , it i s

a a i mpossible to tr ce a regul r sequence i n thei r holdings . The only fa m ily of importance of which a n y record of succession over a consider a c a n a a ble period of time be ttempted , i s th t of the Foldes and Pillings

w of Trawden H ouse . I n a later secti on th i s ill be given .

At the H al m o t Cou rt of 1 51 0 there i s a compl a int th a t the tenants of Traw den have ob structed the high road between Em m u t B rigge

La n e sh a w b r id e a n d Sh o l fo l t Sh el fiel d a n d a re ( g ) ( ) , they warned to repai r

a it before the ensuing feast of the N tivity of St . John the Baptist , on p a in of a pe nalty of

J ohn H a r t l ev surrendered one messu a ge and all buildings wi th

B e a r d sh a w y appu rtenances in Booth , of the yearl rent of twen ty

Sh a h a a n d sh illings , to Thomas Emmott , Henry g , Hen ry W lton , John

H an son .

’ Hen ry W a lton was fi ned two shillings for bre a king the King s fold i n Trawden .

a 2 d . d . d . There were m ny fines of , 3 or 4 each for trespassi ng , and 3 d . for keeping open fences ; in fact thi s seem s to have formed the t ch ief busines s of the j ury . I t i s in eresting to note that the total fines at thi s time for Trawden were much higher th a n those for Colne . I n C six successive courts the yields are for olne ,

a n d an d for Trawden ,

1 1 a a a I n 5 5, Robert Bl key complai n s gain st Hen ry W lton ,

a a a a a of M rsden , for taking w y horse , also ag in st John the

VVh a l l e a n d b Abbot of y for treadi ng down hi s corn grass with hi s easts , also a ga in st John B a k st er and K a trine h is w ife in a plea of debt for

’

f a . 1 d . b a 3 , eing pl inti f s charge for te ching

6 \Vil l ia m 1 1 . A chantry pri est , H ird , i s mentioned in 5 There i s n o record of the bequest which supported thi s man , but there i s a

a a o a k a b L tin inscription c rved in , a pr yer addressed to the Vi rgin , y

a H r d a a . Willi m y , on the w ll of the north ch ncel of Colne Pa ri sh Church

1 2 2 - a l l I n 5 four hedge lookers , with the su rname of Hartley , were a ppoi nted to supervi se the setting out of new hedges and to a ppo r t ion the making and repa i ring of the s a me bet w een the various occupiers

I 2 a of the l a nd to be fenced . Thi s must h ve been a period of grea t activity

a owing to the subdivi si on of the Forest into m ny holdings , with a large a a n d mount of hedging fencing , requiring the services of surveyors or O supervi sors . pposition was shown to th is active enclosure , for in

1 2 a B ea r d sh a w a 5 9 , several ten nts of Booth complain gain st others for

a a n d unj ust occup tion of land , Whittley house other lands on the south

a a side , and of all buildings l tely buil t there , to the inj ury of the ten nts

’ who h a d lately m a de fine for l a n d t a ken from the King s waste as appea rs

1 0 . by the Rolls to thei r i nj ury i n the sum of £ A priest , N icholas

a a a l l H rtley , i s ordered to leave highway for tenants coming and going

a with thei r c rts . Also all buildings , crofts , and gardens , now existing ,

a a Bea rdsh aw enclosed , encro ched , built , or situ te within Booth shall be

a a n d a a a a me sured , e ch shall h ve portion of such messuages , g rden s ,

a n d a a n d a a . crofts , ccording to the rate qu ntity of the rent of e ch tenant

a a w a The ten nts shall h ve a y, nine feet wide , to the common pasture , , a n d a ffi a a s a if they l ck su cient llotment there , they j ustly should h ve , then they sh a ll enclose a s much measurement in the Cow cl o se and

O x cl o se a s a a a they sh ll l ck , as ne r their houses , barn s , and garden s as

b . a n v possi le Further , if tenants shall not have houses , barn s or

a a a s g rden s , it shall be all owed to each to enclose and encro ch much “ ” z as he may lack up to the next l e a l e (occupation road) . The allot ment w a s m a de by the award of the Steward a n d with the help of an “ ” a i n strument , c lled in the Roll the metter of land , probably a rod or a sh pole cut to a length ex a ctly proport ionate to the amount of copyhold

for a rent payable the holding , each tenant h ving hi s own metter , w a n d herewith hi s allotment of ground , meadows , common pastures c a ould be ccurately measured , set out and awarded .

s There were n o proper roads in those days , but imply field tracks

w a with rights of y. I t i s not surpri sing , therefore , that complaint s

a should frequently rise because tenants tried to stop these roa ds . I n

1 2 f a a 53 , Geo frey Folds , Gre ve of Trawden , compl ined of trespass a ga in st John a n d J a mes H e r tel ey for destroying and ploughing hi s field w a a r a y so th t he could not cross to hi s l and . The Ju y declared th t the defend a nts should at thei r own expense make a suffi cient way and th a t “ ” they should not plough the s a id w a y from l e marege howse a s far “ ” as a the high ro d on the eastern side of the s a id m a rege howse .

’ 1 0 a t H a l m o t W col l er I n 54 , the Colne , the King s tenants of y a n d W yn ew a l l cl a imed a right of w a y Th rough Carre Hey from the

a S o u t h e east side of C rre Hey Holme , descending downe on the syde

I 3 ‘ of the w a ter unto the yait a t t h e west end within too roode for horse a m a n n ‘ n d a d . a H ew a a a n d , and horse with pack loyde Also y y for c rt w a ne horse and loyde ever moore to be laid from the Carre Hey to t h e

Va ew a l l n d 'u R s h r h B rig e e po n the lands of John u c ew o t e . And from the W yn ew a l l Brig ende th rough the E a st part of a H olme of Rich a rd T o w n e l ey ca l ed M it h o m e H olme hei d a n d from there through D a n b a n ke

S cl a n a t t S h o r n a n d co m a ss n Ric r o ft on y g , p y g t he B rowe to Feild Syde ” to the Moore c a lled Lee Moore .

I n a nother c a se a fa rmer w a s decl a red to h a ve the right to drive

’ hi s c a ttle three t imes a ye a r a cross the defendant s l a nd .

r 1 a . a I n 53 4 , letter from Hen ry V I I I nnounced that the e mu st “ r d 1v 1s1 o n a a be no fu ther of est tes into sm ll quillets , but that the yearly value of each tenement must be a t lea st a bove all othe r charges .

I n 1 538 C a rre H e yez (Carry Heys) i s stated to be i n the Forest of

a w a a e Tr den of ncient tenure , showing th t the divi si on between Coln an d

Tra w den then followed the course of the river a t Colne Watersi de .

“ ” a a a The n me C rr means a marsh or m rshy place , and Carry Heys, ” a the edge of the marshy pl ce , which i s probably a description of the

n n r a flood pl a in that now lies between Carry Bridge a d Co t t o t ee . Bl ck C a rr a n d \Vh it el ey C a rr i n the Tra wden v a lley were ex a ctly simil a r pl a ces .

I a n d a 1 n the thi rd year of the reign of Phili p M ry , 557 , a com

w a a a pl a i nt s m de that Roger G rtside , gentleman , by a com mi ssion of

a a thei r M a j esties took three cres of l nd lying in the F orest of Trawden ,

w it a Lo e h o l m e Yel l o h o l m e to , one cre in g , one acre in , one acre in

O n a a a i . e N e t t l hill adj oi ning to one another of the ten nts , J mes H rtley , “ ” w w su er sedia s a n d c a me forwa rd ith a rit of p , for excusing forbearin g

a a the cu stom a ry fine . The recit l of the full titles of thei r M jesties in

- “ I t a n d in t e re st m . th i s document i s g begi ns , To ou r trusty well

a a b a Bl a ckb u r n sh i re . b eloved S i r Thom s T l ot , stew rd of our hundred of

“ P a n a v a a n d hil ip d M rv b the gr ce of God , King Queen of

a a a S icil ie s a a n d a Engl nd , Sp in , Fr nce , both , Jerus lem I rel nd , Defender

a a a nd a b a of the F i th , Archdukes of Burgundy , Mil n , Br nt , Counties of ”

H a s u r e a a n d . p g , Fl nders , Tyrol

The doc ument st a tes th a t a lthough l a tely letters w ere sent a ssign t e ing three a cres of l a nd wit hin ou r Forest of Tr a wden to Roger G a r sid

I 4

C H APT E R I I I . T H E COMM ON LA N D S OF T R A W D E N FOR E T S .

1 6t h t I n the middle of the century , each tenant had hi s homes ead wi th land enclosed n ear to it , an d the right to send a certai n n umber o f cattle to the com mon pastu res . Some of these comm on s can still be l b v ocated the names of farm s which have taken thei r place , but most o f them have lost their identi ty durin g the process of gradual enclosure a n d cultivation .

W ico l a r W n w a l l I n the early Court Roll s , Deyne Com mon and y e

C fo r Hey omm on were frequently named , becau se people were fined s a en ding too m any cattle to p stu re thereon . I n a si m ilar way the “ “ ” “ ” m Ow t h a st u re a nd S t rke a st u re I pasture , the p , the y p were m entioned . We cannot tell where these pastures were , but the comm on

Al de r h u r st Sh el fiel d p astures of , The Ri ngs , and would obvi ously be

a ne r the farm s with those n ames , and these position s show that the c om mon land exi sted in vari ous parts of the F orest for the greater c onvenience of the several ten ant s .

To live peaceably a n d j u stly i t was essential that eve r y ten a nt s hould ob serve the com mon byelaws , m ade for the comm on welfare , a n d that neither carelessness nor gu ilt should go un puni shed . Hence t h e ffi frequent fi nes for keeping open gaps , for in su cient fences , for t a n resp ssing with cattle and so on . O e tenan t was fined for sen ding h is c dm m o n beast s to the pastu re in winter time , to the i nj u ry of hi s n a eighbours , while nother was declared to be an un reasonable tenant

’ who depastured h is cattle by ni ght upon hi s neighbours grass . Tenan t s holding land adjoini ng the water courses , with a right to the m iddle f o the stream , frequently complai ned that the water cou rse was being

d o a . iverted , and clai med i ts rest ration to its ncient ch an nel

Loca l rival ry between the di ff erent divi si on s of the F orest has

1 al ways been a prom inent ch aracteri stic feature . I n 53 5, there was a d i spute on a large scale between the ten a nts of W ycol l a r an d those of “ W l l H al m ot e H e rt el e n i n ew a . At the of that year , John y, John Ha son ,

H e rt el e H e r t el e F fol d s Em ot t C hristopher y, Peter y, John , and J ohn ,

W n ew a l l t enant s of the King i n y , together com plain again st Roger

H ert el e W n ew a l l H ert el e . H ert el e . y of y , John y sen , John y j un , Hugh D r v er S h ot t l w o r t h D r v er . y , Roger Robert , James y , j un , an d J ames y ,

W co l er sen . , ten ants of the King in y , concerning two hundred acres of l r l a W co e , and , meadow , p sture , feeding groun d and m oss , lying i n y

1 6 f a n d belonging to the sai d plainti fs , which the defen da n t s n ow occupy , a n d f enclose , encroach to their own use , whence they have su fered inj u ry

i n 1 0 . the sum of The defendants deny the charge , and declare that

a n after there had been di scord between them , a greement had been

’ m a de a n d sworn upon God s H oly Evangeli sts ; an d a fterwards the

a ff pl inti s forgot that they were bound by oath , as well as by the arb itra

H r t el W n w l e e e a l . Em o t t ti on of Roger y, of y , sen , John , William Michell ,

H e rt el e of Colne , and Roger y, of Trawden , as by the arbitration o f

. a Chri stopher Lyster , E s q , upon t he occupation , p rtiti on , an d demise

a l l a W ico l er W n ew a l l of t he s id parties lying in and y , now in litigation

a t H l m between them . Wherefore thi s a ot e 2 4 men from the F orest s

P en h u l l a n d Ro sse n da l e of Trawden , , were sworn upon an in quest ; but they thereupon declared nothi ng because the plaintiff s did n ot pursue " thei r plea .

a Enclosures of small porti ons of l nd , or quillets , must have been of frequent occurrence , without the knowledge or con sent of t h e

a Lord of t he M nor , who wi shed to avoid the creati on of a poor an d l a . 1 H e r t e e needy popul tion I n 537 , Will iam y, of Trawden , occupied a

a p rcel of lan d beyond the bounds of the Dooles , an d hi s occupation was

a . 1 60 H ert el e greed to by a special j u ry I n 5 , J ames y and Katherin e

M a r a r H e r t el e his wife , and j y y, widow , complai ned again st Margaret “ F fo l de s b ea st a t e s , widow , for wrongful detention of fou r g in the oxe ”

a T r ow den e 6 . sa t p stu re of , and claimed £ damages The j ury y tha “ defendan t wrongfully occupied and detai ned h a l ffe a beaste gate i n l e

- oxe p a stu re de T r o w den e .

1 6 1 H e r t el e d I n 5 , James y and other tenants of Trawden obtaine a al d verdict for the partition of lands , tenements , pastu res , and moss c le

i ff F f l d s a n o e . tent oxe p sture , Trawden , again st Geo rey , the defendant

’ 1 6 n I n 5 3 , the j ury say that n o tenants of the Queen s in Trawde sh a ll keep any beasts beyond those now exi sting under p a i n of als o

a t h that a pain of 1 2 d . i s laid that no ten nt put any horse or m are i n e

D u n d n R n es Ren b a nk Al l der h ir st gy y g , the y g , g , or ; that every tenant shall repai r hi s share of hedges and di tches two days after warning b e “ ” ’

1 2 d . a e given , under pain of forfeiting for each g pp , that the Queen s tenants in W yn ew a l l make and m aintai n thei r hedges i n the lane an d around the Y nge s from ti me to ti me under pain of for each default t o be levied to the Queen ’ s use from their goods and chattels and that

Em o t t e t h e Thom a s Allason and James fi shed with a net , contrary to

Statute .

I 7 The last sentence shows that fi sh were m ore a bundant in the w a an d o f a a a r ters of the district ; more v lue th n they e now . There

a fi sh o n ds s al i a were probably sever l p , or mere , i n thi s loc ity , wh ch h ve s e e l t w a 1 ince b en drain d or fi led . A complai n s made i n 557 that a c e rta in - mere fi xed a t a place c a lled S o w t h il l had been taken up and ' “ d . w a s d estroyed There an interesting byelaw which state that , No i

' m a n o u h t En a n l in o nl but g to fish with any Net or gine, g g y excepted , with such Net or Trannel a s every mesh Sh a ll be two inches an d a hal f

ex ee t y a e M en n a s B u l h ea ds Gud ions wi de , p nets onl to t k Loches , , , g ,

Eel e s , an d none other fi sh upon pain of twenty shillings for each time fi o ffendi ng and loss of the sh a n d unlawful net . I f fi sh were brought

’ h a d o r a to market , they to be good and wholesome , and s ld at eason ble

t a i b prices , withou excessive g n s , for every twelve pence estowing one

a penny cle a r gai n over and above thei r ch rges .

1 6 a Em o t t e a 66 I n 5 4 , Thom s was dm itted to two messuages , a a a n d a n d cres of rodel nd , one penny three pence rent of new i mprove m a a Em o t t a . ent 55 cres of forest l n d c lled lyi ng i n Colne and in the .

F orest of Trawden ; 1 85» a cres and a farthing of rodel a nd together wi th o n e messuage built upon the sai d land and lying in, Colne , an d two

a a n d a . cres three roods of forest l nd , lying i n Trawden Forest

The Commi ssion of 1 507 a uthorised the stewa rd to make gra nt s T h o f l a n d b y copy of Court Roll . e tenants became owners of the copy

holds and held their properties on the titles based on these grounds .

a n a w . a H ouses d f rm steads ere erected Lands were cleared , dr i ned ,

a a n d a a . a m nured , tilled , gr du lly became much enhanced in value S les

a a n d e were negoti ted on these ti tles , children succe ded as hei rs to the

I . a a . v rious est tes , unquesti oned Then the Crown lawyers of James ,

1 60 a a i n 7 , pretended to di scover th t these ti tles were faulty , and th t the

i mproved l a nds w ere only ess a rt - l a nds which could not be claimed by

t h e a n d a a b ff a . copyholders , th t the occupants were ten nts only y su er nce Th i s destroyed the hopes and com forts of many families throughout

d 1 n a n d t he Honor of Clitheroe , who l ive competence quiet on these new

a . t i mprovements . A lengthened litig tion followed I was a barefaced

Th e a ttem pt to extort m oney on f a lse pretences . wealthier owners

th e ma e w a m a de some commutati on , s ll r o ners resisted paying thei r sh re ,

a 1 6 1 0 t hereby sho w ing a sturdy independence . The result was th t in

“ w a a a t here s p ssed , An Act for the perfect creati on and confi rm tion of

a cert a i n copyhold l a nds in the honor , castle , m nor , and lordship of ” ’ 1 2 Clitheroe . The sum to be paid wa s equal to years ancient

1 8 ’ b u t w a s a 0 rent , this afterw rds increased to 4 years rent .

w a s a I A first i n stal ment p id to J ames . , a second paid a b out

a 1 650 was gra nted by King Charles I . to the N vy and Tower Creditors towa rds s a ti sfacti on of debts contra cted in victualling the N a vy and

w a s a l Tower . There a he vy pena ty for delay , and the Creditors were

y a severe i n lev ing the money , so those who were c reful i n preserving

a w a t heir est tes procured and paid the hole moiety , with great overplu s a a l l a n d a n d e al mounting to i n , so freed them selves s ver others c ’ t who had no se urity for confirmation of hei r custom s an d estates .

T h e Co pyh o l der s therefore petitioned for power to levy money

a a a n d a ~ in rre rs reimburse those who had laid out bove their proportion ,

n a a a n d a d th t the s id Decrees Custom s might be confirmed .

“ m wa s e a n d An Act of Confir ation th refore passed , on thi s

' fo u n da t io n re st s a l l a d inBl a ckburn h ir the titles to copyhol d l n s s e . By

s c t o a w t hi s Act the forest were atta hed the dj oin ing manors , Tra den

' ' ‘ e t o Co l n e a n d Ro s n a l For st , Pendle Forest to Ightenhill , se d e Forest to Accrington .

a a a a I h ve no record of the lloc tion of the common l nds of Trawden ,

W ll a W in ew a l l co r a b . , and y , mentioned ove They will prob ably be

a given in detai l i n the Cou rt Rolls preserved in Clitheroe C stle .

T h e a u o a B o u l sw ort h H il l w l st enclos re of comm n l nds on , hich

' ' w a s b fa r a e t c so fa r n y the gre t s en losure, as area i s concer ed , took

' ’

l a 1 8 2 1 . ar a ar e a . a 0 p ce in F ull p ticul rs of thi s vailable Thom s Gee , f

‘ T e w a s a b A ckworth Moor p , ppointed sole Commi ssioner yv irtue of an

“ ' ' Act of Parliament passe d in 1 8 1 7; entitled An A ct for 1n cl o sin g l a n ds

' ' ’ ' i n t he Township o f T ra w d en in t h e Ch a pel ry of Colne i n the P a rish of

” a VVh a l l ey i n t h e County of L ncaster .

a a w The Act recites th t i n the F orest , of Tr den comprising the

a a W i n ew a l l a n d \V col l a r - a h mlets of Tr wden , , y , there were cert in open

' a n a a a a n d d common p stures , moors , common s , common ble l nds waste

a b a a VVin ew a l l grounds c lled y the n mes of Tr wden Common , Common ,

W col l a r a n d w a y Common , the Most Noble Elizabeth Duchess Do ger

‘ l u ch a n w a s a a n d o f . B u cc e d Queen sbu ry Lady of the said M n or of Colne

a - a t he Forest of Tr wden , and as such was entitled to the soils of the s id

' a an d a l l an d n a t u re o r l nds , to mines , mi neral s , quarries of what ki nd

a a t soever . Also the v rious copyhold ten nts were entitled to cer ain rights of Common and Estover u pon the above l a nds in proportion to the

‘ ’ Copyhold rents then pai d by them respec tively . Al so the said common

1 9 l a nds were in their then st a te of little value and incapable of any con s ide r a bl e w improvemen t , an d that it ould be of great adva ntage to the proprietors thereof a n d person s interested therein if the same were

al a n d ff divi ded , lotted , enclosed , but this could not be e ected without the a id a n d a uthority of P a rl i a ment .

1 80 1 By the Enclosure Act , passed in , these com mon lands i n the

Forest of Trawden shoul d be valued , divi ded , and allotted as soon a s conveniently might b e . The Commi ssioner had to en quire concernin g a n a a d i f necess ry fix the bound ries of the Forest . He had also powe r

a n d a b a a a a to set out ppoi nt pu lic c rri ge ro ds and highw ys , and . divert ,

a n d 0 a n a a n a t urn , st p up y of the ro ds upon y of the said l nds . He h a d power to sell such l a nds on the extreme bound a ry as would raise money

a n d to defray all costs , charges , expen ses inci dent to the Act , award ,

. a al l f t h copies , surveying , v luing , fencing and allotting , an d charges o e

a . w h Commi ssioner , hi s assist nts and necessary expenses Proprietors o preferred to pa y thei r share of the charges i n money i nstead of sustaining a loss i n l a nd were at l iberty to do so . The residue of the common l a nd he a llotted to the several owners and propri etors of ancient copyhold in. proportion to the rents due from them to the Lord or Lady of the Man or .

a r e The boundaries of the Forest then accurately stated , beginn ing

a t B o u l sw o r t h . T h e Emmott Moor , across , to Will Moor H ill Nook

a 0 ro ds set out incl ude one public carriage road hi ghway , 3 feet wide , beginning at the H aworth Turnpike Road near Comb H ill Cross , south w S ca rr s W col l a r est th rough Sm ithy , west to y Road at the east corner

a Ou t a n d of P rson Lee Laithe , then to Turn Hole Clough south south w S ca r r s e est opposite Turn Hole , west along the south side of the Flak

L B o u l sw o r t h to Beaver Nook , Beaver Cote , umb Laithe , Dyke , Gilford

S ca r r s a , Will Moor Hill Flat , ending at the Township of Marsden ne r

a a a s to Will Moor H ill Nook . The private ro ds are n med Antley , Will

a a W inew a l l a n d Moor Hill Clough , S ucer Clough , Sl ck Head , Common ,

a G reen Wham Ro d .

Allotments for stone quarries for road repairing we re made in

A ntley S ca r r s and Saucer H ill Clough for Trawden ; at the East End of d ’ the Fl a ke a n d the Green Wham for W inew a l l ; a t Law Hill Clough a n

W l a Comb H il l S ca r r s for yc o l r .

' ’ Robin Hood s Well a n d 2 2 perches of land on the Haworth Roa d . were allotted a s a public w a tering place for cattle .

20 The a llotments of common l a nd a r e descri bed i n det a il in the a w a a b a rd , two dem nds eing m de on the reci pients , fi rst th a t good a n d

b e a a n d a a a su ffi cient fences must m de , second , th t cert in copyhold rent

I n a be a . a a must p id Tr wden , the t ru stees of J ohn P rr got 3 39 cres , the

a 1 6 2 S w in l e h u r st 0 a tru stees of M ry Foulds acres , and John g 7 cres , w b T o w n el e v a b 2 8 S w in l h h ile Ro ert P rker ought 5 acres , John g e u r st b u 1 8 a a n d w a a o ght 9 cres , there ere eight other sm ller llotments , a tot a l a cre a ge of

W i n ew a l l w a I n , there ere llotments to the trustees of Hen ry Owen

a a n d a a a n d Cunliffe , of M ry F oulds , of John P rr , to J mes Wilson , to

b a a a a a Ro ert Midgley , with two s les of l nd , tot l creage of

I n W yco l l a r the trustees of Henry Owen Cunli ffe received 476

a a n d 2 . cres by allotment , 97 acres by pu rchase

a w a s The total creage included in the award acres , yielding a cop y hold rent of

To show how few people were eligible to share this common land , m a a a o nl y t h e r e it y be of i nterest to st te th t in the Trawden port ion 0 were

1 a w a 3 llotments , hile the popul tion of Trawden Forest i n that year was

n 0 . persons , livi g in 47 houses

. A viza r d w a s a t 1 82 1 The s igned the Angel I nn , in Colne , i n March , , a n a s a w a s a w a s d Tr wden then in Whalley P ri sh , the execution pro

a in a a I 1 82 1 . cl i med the P rish Church of Wh lley on the st April , C HAPT E R I V

O AN D E OLD CO LL CORN GR WI N G T H RN M I .

Unti l the m iddle of the l a s t century there i s l ittle d o u b t th a t

w a a considera b le pa rt of Trawden Forest a s a r ble l a nd . T h e onl y v a r iet v w w a s a a n d a a of corn gro n o ts , the ri pening of thi s cere l , lth ough ~ r a a u n w a s a a i s one th t requ i res the le st s shine , source of much nxiety

O m a n d a w a t h a Ch ye a r . ften the su mer utumn ere so wet th t e

a w a s s w a s a w a n d w n gr in poiled , or imm tu re , hen reaped . hen grou d at the v ill a ge corn m ill i t y i elded a n o a tme a l w hi ch w a s frequently

a a n d a b a . O w sh rp r t her itter to the t ste atmeal porri dge , ho ever , w a s the st a ple food .

M a r y n o w a a a t a n oses H tle , l ivi ng , says th t his f ther , De Hou se , a a w ffi a a a n d h a d a t a w lw ys gre su cient corn e ch ve r , it ground the Tr den

w Mill un ti l L a nesh a w Bridge Mill a s b u ilt .

H e n r v w sa s a t a y Dri ver , of Tra den , y that Lodge Hill F rm the

ffi a n o a k a a grew corn su cient to provide ki st full of o tme l , from w hi ch t h e v m a de o a tme a l porridge for every m orning and evening

a e a r . a a n d me l t hroughout the y The pot toes grown on the farm ,

a ev e r v a n d b a the pi g , f ttened summer killed , i n the ck end of the " - a s d a a b a a . ve r , furn i hed the regular m i d y me l of con and pot toes

’ l v w a F resh b u tchers me a t the y sca r ce s a from one ve r end to a nother .

From thi s i t i s obvi ous th a t th e fa rmers then w ere self - su pport in g a a n d w l most , on thi s monotonous d iet ere reared men of fine physi que , w h o l ived to a good old a ge .

’ a a w a - a a w a s O l d a Thom s Ch d i ck s gre t gr ndf ther , kno n J ck i d B a s a e 8 o a . nni ter , l ved to the g of 4 v rs He u se to cut t he corn

O l d B a a n d a w e v c r v for J ohn nni ster . o f N ichol Hou se , he l so en t vea r for s ixt y voa rs h a rvestin g i n t h e Donc a ster d i st rict . H i s best

w r ( v earnin g s ere two s hillings pe l a .

There i s no record of h a rvest rej oicings w hen t he l a st l o a cl h a d b s a fe l v a b u t t w a s a c een g thered i n , here custom for t he hildren t o

a a a t t o have port i on of t he fi rst me l ground t he corn m ill , mi x

' w a a n d a a a o f w e a t r t cl c i t it h t re cle , h ve fe st the s e t me t , called , y

t h a a a t a e . dough , l st word h ving gut ur l sound by copy of court roll the p a rcel of ground called Bl a ck sca r r Grofte a n d

b a l l a m i ll to be uilded with the soke , suit , e sement and profit which m a a a y to the s me belong , p ying yearly to u s , ou r hei rs and successors ,

a a ye rl y rent of five sh illings , and doing such custom s , suits and services a s y a a other Cop holders of ou r s i d M nor do or ought to do .

Therefore w e ch a rge you a t the next Court to receive the surrenders of the copyholders of the premi ses whereupon the sai d m ill sh a ll b e b uilded i nto our h a nds to the use of Henry F arrer and hi s

. a b e hei rs Also c use to entered on record i n the Court Roll s there , the

a parcel of ground , the w ter course to the m ill , the soke and su it of

a the ten nts to the m ill , to the said Henry Farrer an d hi s heirs .

a F urther grant lease that it should be l wful for hi m to erect , build a n d a C new make up at hi s own costs and ch rges , one Water orn Mi ll , to h a ve the course of water to the s a me together with the soke a n d

a sui t . Thereupon dm it hi m tenant to the m ill , paying yearly five

a shillings and al so such fine for his admittance s he ought to do . And here of f a il you not as you tender our pleasure . G iven at our Palace ” a h 2 1 st d t . 01 Westminster , the y of J uly i n the 7 year of ou r Reign

a By vi rtue of this Commi ssi on , J mes F oldes surrendered into

’ the Queen s hands a parcel of land lying in B ea r d sh a w b o o t h of the

a co n t a 1n 1n a n ye rly rent of one penny , g half acre of land , for the

a a n d a erection of water corn mi ll dam and stre m , to the u se of Henry

a a a a a F rrer , who was dmi tted ten nt of the m ill and its ppurten nces on p a yment of a fine of five shill ings .

w a I n the next year , ho ever , thi s gentlem n sold hi s rights to

a a w J mes H argre ves , of Lower Barro ford , an d Lawrence Robi nson , of Over B a rrowford . A new an d important condi tion seem s to have “ a n d r eco m been introduced at thi s tran s a ction . I n con siderati on pence o f the costs and ch a rges which the copyholders have m ade and

a sust a i ned touching and in the erection of the said m ill , it shall be r ted

a n d p r oporti on like with the rest of the forest . Also four honest di screet person s sh a ll be elected a n d chosen by the copyholders from

e t i me to ti me for everm ore to b supervi sors of the mill , dam , race of w a w a w a a n d a l l a n d ter , e rs , ys other commod i ties , to judge , l imit , and a w a a a a a n d a a n d a a rd , fter wh t m nner within wh t t ime space , rep r ti on s

a w a a shoul d be m de of such premi ses , hich sh ll be i n rui n or dec y ,

a n a n a a n d t h e a . i f y such h ppen , in whom f ult i s When y supervi sor

a a a n d a sh ll dep rt , then one other honest di screet person sh ll in like

2 4 m a nner be elected in h is place . And this order of choosing a n d a a a a a n d ppoi nting supervisors for the l ud ble upholding of the s id mi ll , to the common weal of the owners or custom a ry tenants to continue and to be used from time to time for ever . Li kewi se , the choosing

' of the miller t o serv e the mill from time to time and for ever to pass

a a in like m a nner a n d form . Provided th t if any tenant m ake def ult in doing his duty touching any m a nner of costs the i nterest a n d in heritance of th a t party sh a ll from henceforth be vested in the resi due of the custom a ry ten a nts .

6 8 a a I . 1 0 I n rent l of James in , one item i s , one copyhold ”

d . a a l l 5 . 1 w ter corn milne belonging to the copyholders , ren t , 5 For t he next two centuries the mill w a s ea rn ed on presumably in a ccordance

a w ith the origin a l intent . When rep irs were necessary the copyholders would be c a lled on .

a n a a a I n ccoun t book of M i ss M ry Foulds , of Tr wden Hall , l n 1 8 a a a n d 7 9 , t here are recorded ssessments for the Tr wden Mill , a payment for grindi ng wheat there ; also a refund of cash a dvanced in the previous ye a r .

1 8 6 a a I n 3 , J mes Pilli ng F oulds , of Trawden H ll , records in his diary , which i s in the possession of W . Art hur Pilling , Esq . , that he a ttended a meeting of the Trawden M il l M a sters at the Rock I nn to a scert a in if they h a d the power of letting t he corn mi ll for other

’ a w purposes th n gri nding corn . From a Colne l a yer s (Mr . Bolton) w w a s b u t w a s a ritten opinion , it thought not , he directed to se rch the

w . 1 8 0 a Court Roll s for other ritings and reports I n 4 , he lso recorded

a th t Mr . M idgley and hi mself met a t the Rock Inn respecting the

a t a w a s a a present tenant Tr wden M ill , who not giving s tisf cti on , but a s a a a 1 8 no other Mill M ster ttended , they did not do nything . I n 45

a a n d a a a a he bought me l Indi n whe t from Henry H rtley , of the Tr wden

Mill .

a a n d a a The m ill was l st rented worked by my gr ndf ther , J ohn

a w h a 1 o 0 a . a B nni ster , p id £ ye rly rent to Mr Midgley , the l st of the

i

a . M r . h a d old Mill M sters When Midgley died , hi s hei rs no title

a h a d to the mill , and as J ohn B nnister left it some time before , in

1 8 a a n d a 57 , it rem ined unused , was gr dually broken up a n d looted by

b 1 880 w a s w a the neigh ours , until , in , it completely destroyed . I t s b w . w h a n d C o . o sold y the to nsh ip to Messrs Critchley , never used

a n d it , from whom the present owners of the s ite , Messrs . W . and T .

a w Ch d ick , bought i t .

2 5 a 2 5 . The l st m iller used to receive for the corn , ground , per

w p a ck of 2 40 l b s . T he a ter rights included the stre a m ne a r Bea ver

a w a a a a G te , hich c me from ne r the Blue Sl te M oor , bove Brink Ends r w b w F a rm . F o merly there ere frequent d i sputes et een the mi ller

' n a a w a n d W co l l a r a b a d the ten n t s o f Tr den of y out th i s water supply .

a a a w h Co w fi l d There i s tr diti on of former miller o lived at e , ” ” w h o w a s w a s o a n y w a s kno n the Gert Miller , or Big J , who

i n l l v m n . a a a n e x ce pt o a st rong a He could c rry five p cks of 2 40 l b s .

a a t t w o b a a n d a e ch , once ; one in hi s teeth , on hi s ck , one under e ch

w a n d a a a r m . H e could stoop do n r i se pack from the ground over l b a a n d w a w t o i a l a w y w on to h i s ck , lk ith i t is home , over m i e a , i thout w resting on the a y.

l T h e w a s al y a l e last m iller wa s c d Young J ohn , because hi s father “ ” w a s al a a n d o w a s Ol d . so n med J ohn , theref re was better kno n J ohn

w a s a a w a s H i s own eldest son l so J ohn , so he di stingui shed even ” a a a s b a s after he re ched m nhood Little John , or , even etter ,

’ ’ ’ ’ ” l w a Little John 0 Young John s 0 O d J ohn s . Such s the excellent

‘ method of disti ngui shing t h r e successive holders of the same n a me .

26 C H A 'I‘ P R E V .

T H A I D E CO L N UST RY .

a a The oldest local industry , next to th t of agriculture , i s th t

h a s a b a sea a w a s of co a l getting . I t alre dy een mentioned th t co l

a n a w 1 2 6 a n d 1 0 . mined d sold in Tr den i n 9 , in 3 4

1 1 H e n r v Em o t w a s d . I n 53 , fined 4 for breaking soil on the ' w a B ea r d sh a w a t a a a C a t h ol ecl o h King s ste in , pl ce c lled g , and there

c a r b u n c u l ae a a w . w inning (sm ll co ls) , ithout licence I n thi s year of

a 1 2 1 a a n d a gr ce , 9 , owing to the long co l strike the great sc rcity of

a a a a a a co ls , m ny Tr wden people h ve won sm ll coals , fter much trouble

a n d a t a w a a h a d 00 a o . ri sk , thi s pl ce , hich ret in s the n me it 5 years g

I n a a t st 1 2 2 the ye rly ccount of the Mas er Fore er for 4 , he

1 a d . a records the receipt of 3 s . from co l mines , demi sed to Edmund

a T r o u den e 1 a a n d P rker , in , and i n 43 4 the rent of co l m ines in Colne

w 5 T r o v e de n a s 3 0 .

16 6 2 a I n , the Duke of Albemarle in structed hi s stew rd to en quire a a n v a a a a a a n d fter co l mines th t h ve been illeg lly digged in Tr wden ,

C C i n the In q u isition next follow ing the j ury decl a re t h a t formerl y there

a b a a a w a n d a h th een co l mine i n Tr den co l gotten therein , and that

a n d b a a by An thony F rei ston J ohn H o rt , gentlemen , who had the s me m ine b y force a n d virtue of a lea se thereof to them made by King

a F a n d Ch rles the irst , for and during the term , time , space of thirty

a n d v e a r s a . a 1 6 one from the fe st of St Mich el the Archangel , 39 , a n d h a a a l l a n d a a they ve p id the reversion rem inder of the s i d term , " b u t no coa l s a re n o w gotten there .

O n e of the most interest i ng loc a l documents rel a ting to thi s i ’ M n d u st r v a . b . S a has een preserved mong the F oulds , from Tr wden

a b v . . . . a H ll . M r W A Pi lling The h ndwriting i s very neat , but

y ffi a a a extremel di cult to deci pher , owi ng to the ch nge in the ch r cter

a of the letters since th a t time . I ntern l evidence a ssign s it to a bout

a 2 1 a the ye r 1 6 . I t i s a Bill of Compl int from James Folds a ga inst

a a a a a a a t M rg ret H rtley , concerning the t king of co l mine Lee , in “ a a n d b ’ a l l b the town shi p of M rsden , egin s thus I n hum leness

a a n d O a compl ining , unto your good Lordship , vour poor daily r tor ,

a o t t a J mes Fol ds , Lee , i n the own ship of M rsden , in the County

a a n d b a a . a w a a O a a of L nc ster , hus ndm n Th t here s vou r s i d r tor one H r t l v M a rgaret a e on or a bout Mich a elmas D a v had speeches and meetings for a n d a bout the t a ki ng a n d letti ng of one coal mine belonging

a a a a y a n d a O to the s id M rg ret H rtle , th t your rator should ha ve the

a a n d w a e co l m ine , there ere rticles of agre ment drawn between them , a n d y b a b r 0 w the ec me ound eithe to other in the sum of £4 apiece , i th

‘ a s z—t i i r st w a s a b condition s follows , i t fully greed etween the said

a r a y O a a n d a n a u y p ties th t our r tor , hi s heirs , ssig s , should h ve , occ p , a n d al y e a r a enj oy the co m ine , for one whole next en suing fter the

y a a fe a st d a o f St . M ich el the Archangel then l st past a n d pa y at

e n d y 6 1 0 5 . 0d . n the of ever quarter £ of lawful money of Engla d , a n d a a a b y e a r i f t he co l m ine d i d we r out or dec y efore the end of the , t h a t then y o u r O ra tor should b u t pa y r a t ea bl v for a s long a s he did

a a . a y t a e i t get co ls i n t he s i d m ine L stl , that he should fill up p which

n u t a a t a t a he s inked a d should b get co l s one shaft time . For one

a y O a w a n d y a 6 I OS . o d . qu rter our r tor ell trul p id the sum of £ , and a s w a s a y a the mine then i n dec , yi elded up t he m ine to her sati sf cti on .

She prom i sed t o del iver a n a cquittance a n d the said b ond to be

a b u t in a a n d a w c ncelled , f i r fl ttering ords she deferred to deliver the b a w a y a a w a s a w ond , l s lleging t h t i t mongst divers other ritings , but

i w a s soon a s she could f nd i t she ould deliver it .

N o w y O w b e a a our rator , kno ing her to very covetou s and h rd

l w a a a a dea i ng oman , in September l st dem nded the bond g in of the

a a a a y a t a a Gisb ti r n a s id M rg ret H rtle f i r held at , ne r to her dwelling , a n d told her th a t if she w ould n ot keep her promi se he w ould t a ke

r ca l l w a a a a t some cou se to i t from her , hereupon the s i d M rg ret H r ley then s a id there w a s s ome pa rt of t he rent unpa id a n d unless he would gi ve her 2 0 nobles s h e w ould t a ke the w hole forfeiture of the £40 a a n d a y a l l ga inst him con tr r t o honesty , equ i ty , j ustice , right , and

e c c a a t l a w a a y O good con sci n e , ommenced su i t common g i nst our rator b e a ss a a a n d a . a t o his gr t lo , d m ge good n me Th i s unconscion le de a l ing i s l ikel y to tend to the utter overt hrow a n d i mpoveri shmen t of

M y y O a h is a n d . a a our r tor , wi fe ch ildren i t therefore ple se vour good

' Lordship to gra nt H i s M a j est y s most G ra ci ous to be del ivered to t he s a i d M a rga ret Hartle y commanding her to st a y a n d surce a se the s a i d s uit a nd a t a c ert a in da y and under a cert a i n pa i n to a ppea r before yo u r Lord shi p in t h e Court of C hancer y to a ns w er to the premi ses and to a bide b y such order a s y ou r Lordshi p sh a ll b e thought t o sta nd

y a n d a n d y a O a a s with equi t , rig ht , good con science , our s id r tor never

2 8 ’ t h el e ss i n a l l d u t v b ound sh a ll ever pra y for your Lordshi p s he a lt h ” y l l a a n d prosperit in a h ppiness long to conti nue .

a a w a s a t a The l st co l mining in Trawden the L rk H ill Colliery , w w a s a 1 8 a s a a h ich opened up bout 74 , continu ti on of the Fox Clough

w w a . w a Colliery , th rough h ich the ter drained Ellis Blackburn s the

a a a a m n ger , and his sons , John and Elli s Bl ckburn , h ve kindly supplied me w ith i nform a tion and m a ps .

The coa l w a s removed until they came to some old workings in the Cathole Clough , when they were flooded out . I n these old ' a workings several tool s were discovered of very anti quated type ,

w a a a w n a t a fa r a sho ing th t the co l h d b een o from there dist nt date .

a a n d a a a The scoop , sh ft , h ndle of shovel were m de entirely of wood ,

b a l l a h a no i ron ei ng used t a . There were b skets in which the coal d b a a n w een c rried d other enti rely ooden implements . They were n ot

w a b 0 . a w a s surface orkings , some sh fts ei ng 4 feet deep The loc lity nea r t he footb ridge th a t crosses the beck i n Ca thole Clough .

I ts prox imity to B ea r d sh a w F a rm on the opposite side of the

a a y v a lley led me to connect i t with the e rliest settlers in Tr wden , thirt yea r s before the a ctu a l references to these e a rly coal m ines w ere found .

“ Severa l sh a fts nea r C a rry Heys a n d The Ol d Engine w ere w orked a t a n ea rlier d a te th a n those of Fox Clough and Lark H i ll .

I n 1 880 the price of coa l from the Tr a w den pit w a s fourpence per c w t .

2 9 C HA PT E R V I .

T H E CO O W E VI I D TT N A N G N UST R Y .

a Duri ng the fi rst h lf of the n ineteenth century , Trawden , like

a y a w a s - m n other East Lancashire vill ges , a centre for hand loom

“ a - w ea ving . The l st h a nd loom w e a vers in the vi ll a ge were La d “ ” a a n d a W lton , in the Upper Town , Bill Toit (Wi lli m Till ot son) , I

r S m it h w a - o s . a i n Church Street , v Lane as it then called H nd loom g

w a e al e v rs earned from seven to eight shilli ngs per week , l iving most “ ” y w entirel on porridge ith ski mmed or old m ilk , and were glad to fi‘i i get su c en t of th is monotonou s diet .

a b a m y 1 8 0 D vi d Pi ckles , utter f ctor , related i n hearing in 9 ,

a a 1 0 d . a n d h a d how he in hi s younger d ys e rned % per dav , for food n o

ch a nge from the above diet .

a a a s y F orester , B rn rd H artley, told me that a oung man he

’ d a y w earned on e shilling for a long hard s ork .

- a Some cottagers had their own hand loom s , and carried the y rn s ” “ and w oven clot h to a n d fro in large h a rdi n bags called piece ” k s o o r . a a p The sm ll m nufactu rers were called putters out , and

“ ” a a t hei r houses or shops were often called d ndy shops , where h nd

- loom s w ere let out to wea vers w h o were too poor to own a h a nd loom . Someti mes a we a ver w ould ret a in some w eft or w a rp and sell it to a “ l r a w n i n a n d a a y . a w a s a sh d broker Thi s illicit tr ding c led g g , i s s id to h a ve been very prevalent an d to have led to the fa ilure of some m D t t 1 8 . On a e . . . o b o o 0 m anuf cturers , g , Wm Pilling , of g , i n 5 the

m a n v w a other hand , people were cred ited ith h ving obtained either

goods or money by th i s fraudulent pra ctice . The putters out often kept

’ “ ”

i . a a a n d a e . grocer s shop , di d truck shop business , , gave note of

’ a a a a credi t on the employer s shop for goods up t o cert in v lue , inste d

of w a ges .

’ O a a a Ol d 0 b y nce Scotch merch n t persu ded J ohn A salom s , Hen r

’ 0 a a n d W a y a l l A ron s , J ohn h lle , putters out , that he could give them

b a y w a m uch etter prices th n the ere receiving , obt ined all thei r cloth ,

a a a . n d then f iled or di sappe red Thi s rui ned al l the l ocal putters out , a n d th is extensive coll a pse com pleted the gra du a l deca y of this home

- i ndustry, w hich w a s being supplanted b y the a dvent of the pow er loom .

3 0 still rem a in unch a nged . Thi s haunted chamber u sed to be the play

a n d b a n d y a n d room workshop for my rothers m self , from personal experiences extending over many d a rk even ings I ca n swea r tha t the

a ghost did n ot migr te with the b uilding . The outer gate pillars were a l so removed a n d pl a ced in C h u r ch Street a t the entra nce to the mill

a r ect a n u ro a d . They were m ssive square colum n s composed of hewn g

b a a a a n d a lar blocks surmounted y pyr m id l c pital s , stood bout n ine

a a feet high . These structures were origin lly l most exactly opposite the end of the stone foot b ridge by which W yco l l a r H a ll ruins are appro a ched .

b 1 8 0 w a s b y a . a A out 9 this m ill bought Mr Brindle , who st rted

a a a chem ical f ctory for m king guncotton from cotton waste , but thi s

a i ndustry h a d onl y a short l i fe . I t i s now p rtl y a weaving shed and

y pa r t l v a l a undr .

’ a a L ne House Mill , or R ndolph s M ill , is t he oldest mill in

a - a Trawden . The e rl iest power loom m nufacturer was named William

1 8 w a s a n d . b 0 W ilkin son A out 4 it own ed run by John Smi th , from

w a a . hose son R n dolph i t received i ts n me There were two other son s ,

a a n d a n d a J oshu F red , nother m ill , that of Lodge H olme , was in charge

a r a . a a . a of J oshu At l ter d te Mr J oshu Smith emoved to Colne , then

u n l 1 8 8 to B r e v in 7 .

. a a n d M r J oshu Smith had two sons , Cicero F red , who devel oped

’ a b a thei r f ther s usiness by building shed at Corn hol me for looms ,

’ n fi r m s a d extending the M a nchester side of the a ctivities . Both

. n o w C icero Sm i th , Esq , of Southport , an d Lord Colwyn , of Colwyn

B a y w h o w a s a w o n , formerly Si r F red Sm ith , h ve great renown not

b a b a n d b u t b a a only for u si ness il ity successes , ec u se they h ve been

a a n d a w a e rnest religious soci l orkers , being particul rly interested in tempera nce w ork a n d in the

a a F il l in A d ughter of J ohn Smith m rried J ohn g , the father of

’

a . a . R ndolph S l ill i ng , rchitect , of Colne

( a a b a a w h o w a s Another l ughter m rried R o ert Ch pm n , i n the

a B a a W a r a n d a C h rge of the Light rig de in the Cri me n , fterwards

a I n b fought in the I nd i n Muti n y. the Pu l ic Li b rary of Colne there i s ‘ a letter from t hi s m a n descri bing the round ing up and pu r su it o f the rebel sold iers . L a ne House Mill h a d been a three - storied d a ndy sh 0p before

h a pow er loom s were i ntroduced , and the fi rst engine there d a boiler

a w i th no safety v a lve fitted to it . Across the ro d in l a ter days there

a a s w a s a a n d a w a s a a s a . g y rd where co l g m de , Alderm n R Foulds ,

a a w a s a a a of Colne , once told me th t thi s i nstall tion of e rl i er d te th n a ny other i n Tra w den or i n Colne .

’ w a s a Adj oining th i s m ill Pill ing s Shop , in which beg n the

a . a b usi ness of J ohn Pilli ng , loom m kers , of Colne Thi s f mily of

w a s a w a Pi ll i ng not connected wi th the Pillings of Tr den H ll , but owned

“ ’ ”

Al d e r h u r st a . w a s End Farm , then c lled Pilling s Farm John Pilling a a a - a n d a j oiner , who m de h nd looms , then commenced m king improved looms during the transition peri od when power - loom s were displ a cing

- a . a a h nd loom s He had no foundry , so the c stings were obt ined at

a n d a y Clitheroe carted to Tr wden , to make looms of a t pe i ntermediate in chara cter between the old wooden h a nd - loom a n d the modern power loom wi th con siderably more wood in them than the modern power

a a loom h as . At th t d te he must have been alert for new ideas , because

1 8 8 o u l d s a hi s in 4 , J ames Pilling F , of Tr wden Hall , recorded in diary

’ a h a d 1 1 th t he spent one evening from 7 to o clock with J ohn Pilling ,

“ ’ a a j oiner , of L ne House , eng ged with Coulson s Slide Rule and Tre a ti se w hich h a d cost b u t we were n ot a ble ei ther of u s to under

a it . a st nd properly J ohn took the tre tise with him .

H a l l w a s a n d a a 1 8 - 1 86 a Hollin Mi ll built enl rged bout 50 0 . For long peri od it was run by John a n d Steven Sagar .

Lodge Holme Mill derived its power from a water wheel fed by

a a a m a the w ter from a l rge mill d i n front of it . For many ye rs it w a s

a dy e a n d a empty , then it became works , now , fter exten sive enlarge

- ment , it i s the home of the Multi Colour Dyers .

’ C rit ch l e w a 1 8 s s . y M ill , the Cotton Tree Mill , built i n 47 A little

’ a a n a t a 0 a a n l ter , overlooker th is mill , n med Tom Bobs , e rned unenvi a b le notoriety for his smooth words in criticising cl o t h which “ ” w a a w y y a i a s b b a b . e . a inv ri ly follo ed he v iting , , fining the we ver for

flaw s in the cloth .

a a a a w a s The l rgest m ill in Tr wden , the Bl ck C rr Mill , com m e n ce d b y a Committee of the inh a bitants elected at a public meeting

a a . y a wi th the v ill ge schoolm ster , Mr George Sowerb , in the ch i r , i n

y 88 a w d b a 1 0 . a s a a n Febru r , The vill ge canv ssed su scri ptions received

3 3 i a w a s sufficient to floa t a L mited Liab ility Mill Comp ny . I t completed

1 88 2 a n d o ff a s . in , let room and power Three years later it was e xtended to doub le its original size .

w 1 8 The Forest Shed a s b uilt about 90 .

7 The story th a t once t here w ere w indmill s a t “ i n ew a l l a n d \Vin d y A rb our i s ob viou sl y a b su rd when one consi ders the a b und a nt wa ter pow er a v a il a b le i n the di strict .

T he most tra gic peri od i n a surve y of thi s in du stry w a s during

a a 1 860 - 1 8 0 w r a w t he gre t Cotton F m ine of 7 , hen the supply of cotton

a w a s c u t b a w a r b w from Americ off , ec use of the et een the Northern

a r l iv in a n d the So u t hern St a tes . There e people g n ow who remember t he extreme povert y and genera l st a rv a ti on to w hich so m a n y of the

O n a people w ere reduced . e l d y can tell me of her mother reduced to

w the extreme l im i t , it h no morsel of food an d no coi n in the hou se , yet so proud of her i ndependence that w hen a curi ous neighb our entered ” b a t a a the house un idden d inner time , the l rge posnet full of w ter onl y w a s w a rm ing on the fi re to suggest th a t the end of her resources w a s

a a n o t yet a t h a nd . She b uilt her hopes th t d y on her husband w h o h a n Lo t h e r sd a l e a a a d gone to h i s rel tio s in for nything eat ble . When “ ” a a a a t a he ppe red i n the ftern oon t he top of Dick Fi eld , with full

a a n d a a w a s a w . s ck w ved hi s h ndkerchief , i t elcome s ignal

O a a a m a n a a At ken B nk , or The Hole , l ived n med J mes

a w a a w h o w a s b a H rtley , ith large f mily of children , rought to much

‘ y w a w s . g re a ter ext rem i t . I t inter time wit h snow covering the ground

t w o a y h a d h a d a a y a For d s he pr ctic ll no food , giving the rem in s to h i s

b u t h a d b y chi ldren , one n i ght the children een put to bed cr ing for W ' . w a s a y a a s a a n d a a a n d a hunger He esle n cl s le der loc l pre cher , th t

’ ’ h a n igh t he a d to meet hi s cl ss a t l ill ing s F a rm . Hi s w i fe thought t hat he w a s so w e a k w i th hunger t h a t he w ould peri sh if he crossed the

a nd b a a t w . a s m a n snow covered fields , egged h im to st v home He a

a a a n d a w b u t a n a o f gre t f i th , still hoped t h t food ould come , in y c se

O h ‘ w he w ould not m i ss hi s cl a ss meet ing . n t e a v he felt something

a t . I t w a s a b u t w a fluttering hi s feet pi tch d rk , hen he put h i s h nds

a a b a n d a down he c ught two l rge i rds , felt th t t here were others . Return ing home he rou sed h i s oldest boys a n d returned for more of

y w e o r a t he g a me . The were i ld gees other l rge w ild b irds such a s h a d

b a h never b e e n seen in the d i st rict efore . Some were t ken to t e v ill a ge

3 4 a n d a n d b a a a n d sold with the money o t ined me l m i lk were bought , so th a t the w hole fa mily could b e fed w ith a s much porridge a s they desi red when they had been roused from sleep .

a Ha a a e a n d a w a J mes rtley l ived to good old g , l ys enj oyed

a a a a a a h a d n rr ti ng these f cts , dding h i s cert in convict ion th t God tried

a a n d b a b a a s a a w a h i s f ith , then sent these i rds i n und nce speci l re rd a t b a a a a the moment of hi s utmost need , ec use he never looked b ck g i n ,

’ w a s w a a a b u t prospered . To him it al ys striking inst nce of God s

Providence .

a a F rom m ny sources doles were given to help extreme c ses ,

‘ a n sh o ke e e r s a b u t a a d p p g ve long credits , for m ny long ye rs there were some w h o remembered and told of thei r e x pe r ie n de s with a look a lmost

a a a a b e n of horror . I t em ph s ised the n tur l inclin tion to thrifty a d save a l l b a a a the money possi le g i nst the time of need that mi ght come gain . I t m a y perh a ps expla in the fact th a t nea rly every fa mily in Tra w den

’ ” w a n d h a s a a 0 a o n s the house they live in , i n ddition good bit br ss

w a a a put a y in some B nk or Building Society or Li mited Comp ny .

3 5 C HAPT E R V I I .

T H E E L G OUS D E OM R I I N I N AT I ON S .

a a a F rom the found tion of the p ri sh of Colne , Tr wden Forest was

a a y a n d a y a p rt of thi s ch pelr , m n ent ries of Tr wden people occur i n the a a a a a n d a e rl iest regi sters of b ptisms , m rri ges , de ths , which began i n I S99

The oldest sign of a religious commun ity in Tra wden i s still engra ved on a stone forming part of the Quaker Burial Ground on the

a 688 . 1 a n d y y a Mi r ge The inscription is , for thi rt e rs it remained

' w a t h e copied in my notebook , aiti ng for expl nation , until I had go od

’ fortune to meet the one represent a tive who could enlighten me on th is poi nt . To Mr . Thomas F oulds , of Stanley Villa , Colne , I am greatly

b a a a a i nde ted for inform ti on and ssi st nce in recovering m ny old records .

T H E A K R Q U E S . The Quakers or F riends were the fi rst rel igi ous body with a home

a a a in Tr wden . The in scription bove m rks the in iti a ls of Jeff re y

a w h o b y 28t h 1 68 a a S h ckleton , a deed poll dated J une , 7 , decl red th t he

a b a n d held plot of land , wh ich had een surrendered to h i m others upon trust for a b uri a l ground for Qu a kers . An a ddition a l plot w a s surren

a a a n d 1 6 dered l ter to Roger H rtley and others , i n 97 the first plot was s a a a i d to h ve meeting house erected thereupon , and on the second the

a b . a t rustees were to erect a st le The meeting house , st ble , and cottage

w 1 8 0 a n d y b a a . ere sold in 5 , onl the uri l ground now rem ins I n secluded spot s such a s Tra wden F orest the Qu a kers w ere strong in n umbers in

a a n d b those d ys of bitter persecution , ecause of thei r seclusion they w ere a ble to ret a in the s i mple ways a n d beliefs of the earl ier F riends for a a considerable time . Moreover ch nge would be long i n coming to such a n a a u b e a t e m t a gricultur l community , so there wo ld n ot the const nt p tion to fa ll a w a y from the di stinctive customs a s would occur in the

I n a a . b towns the founder of thi s ody , George Fox , p id visit to

’ I e n dl e h a d a w b u t H ill , where he vision of hi s future ork , he does not a ppe a r to h a ve come i nto this i mmedi a te neighbou rhood .

a a n d h a d Records of busi ness meet i ngs were c refull y kept , we

a T h w t he good fortune to d i scover t hei r present rest i ng pl ce . e Tra den

w a s a n f a a a n d meeting o fshoot from t h t of M rsden , the fi rst notice of

i 1 688 w a y a n d a y Tra wden occurs n , hen Roger H rtle Ellen H rtle give

a 1 e b notice of m a rri ge . Until 73 4 th re were joint us iness meetings for

3 6 1 1 8 2 1 Marsden and Trawden , then from 73 4 to Trawden held sep a ra te

O b a meetings . wing to the dimini sh ing num ers in Tr wden , the un ion

a n d a 1 8 2 1 of the Trawden Marsden Meetings took pl ce i n , and continued

1 8 a until 44 , when the name of Trawden disappe rs from the m inute book of the Marsden Meeting . For some years previous to thi s d a te the

h a d a t a Tra wden Friends met P rk House , Colne , the residence of John a n d M a ry Hall .

N a mes of the memb ers of these meetings show th a t many house

o r a . a holds included consi sted of Qu kers The most im portant f mily ,

a a however , were the Wilsons , the descend nts of Thom s Wilson , who

h a a settled at Bea ver F a rm in 1 7 1 0 . He d t ken h is full sh a re of the

“ 1 00 discipline of the Society in Keighley in 7 , having been despoiled

- a of his goods for non payment of tithes , and thi s may ccount for hi s

a desire for the seclusion of Tr wden Forest . H is descend a nts are

a n d a y w a s numerous , the f mil history compiled a few years ago by one

a of them , Wilfred Wilson , sol icitor , of M nchester .

a a The eldest son of Thomas Wil son was Rich rd , n ickn med

S il v er sh in s a a . son , serge we ver and yeoman farmer The third ,

a a n d Thom s , lived at Gilford Clough , then at Meadow Bottoms , which has probably been owned by Wilsons ever since . The fifth son was a

a a n d schoolm ster , the wife of the sixth son , Ann Wilson , who lived in

W col l a r 1 a s a y Dene , and died in 753 , i s described having been mini ster

2 0 a . a an d a for ye rs The last Quakers in Tr wden were J ohn J ne Wi lson ,

a t a . who built the present house Me dow Bottom s They had two sons ,

a a Thomas and John , who took no ctive part as F riends , and the l st

al a 1 88 1 interment in the Buri Ground was of the bove Thomas Wilson in .

The simple quiet dress a n d the di stinctive customs a n d b el iefs of

a a a re a a these e rly Qu kers now only tr di tions to man y people , so th t an a m a y uthentic account of local records not be out of pl a ce .

y A F riend could onl marry a member of the Societ y . I f he “ ” w a s e married outside , a woman of the world , by a priest , he report d

a and disowned . This di sciplin ry mea sure was a l so applied if he was “ ”

al i . reported for disorderly w k ng out , or for having been sprinkled About 1 850 the rigid rule concerning m a rriage within the Society was

a a withdrawn . A typical m a rri ge minute rel ting to Trawden F riends —“ in 1 693 i s as follows Joshu a F ielding of S w in sh ea d an d M a ry

Vee on d a a e p of Lane House , the second ti me l id thei r intention s of marri g

3 ? i h e n an d h a v in n w th eac other b fore this meeti g , in quiry g bee made in t h e w on ted m a nner they are fo un d clea r upo n al l a ccounts and we leave

. the m to their liberty i n Truth to a ccompli sh thei r s a id. int ent i o n s when

y e a n d in a the see m et , thi s meet g ppoints Stephen Sagar and Hen ry Veepo nd t o see the a ccomplishment t hereof a n d bri ng a ccoun t with a ” copy of the certi ficate to the monthly meeting to be hereafter recorded .

a s a y Women were treated equ l in ever respect to men , but there

were many rules regarding their dress . They were advi sed to keep

su erflu it ie s b d own needless p , and for idden to dress the head high , or

w i th a needless pinch in the m iddle of the forehead ; or to have l i nen w ith double borders a n d pi nched a bout ; or to h a ve hoods with long t a bb s turned b a ck any more a t cheek than a t brow ; or necklaces or

a strings a b out their necks . They m ust have n o bl ck or white tippets

a m a n t r e s a pl a ited or welted bout , no y lined with bl ck or other very diffe rent colours with long small t a ils pin ned a ccording to the fa sh i on

a ff of the world , no stomachers th t are faced with stu or stri pes of divers

w a a n d a a a colours , no gown s i th pe ks behind m usli n pron s , n o f shion ble

w b a gi rdles pinned ith orders , n o pai nted calico i n frocks or pron s , no

’ h w t a n d a w c ildren s linen i h welts or needless work i n them , no h ts ith

b ro a d ribbon s tied with a bunch behi nd .

a a w b 1 6 At Tr den u siness meeting i n 99 , there i s the min ute , Upon con sidera tion of the odi ousness of sleeping in Meeti n gs thi s

v iz . Meeting doth th in k requi site that two friends in each meeting , ,

a a n d a b e a a a a M rsden Tr wden , ppoi nted to t ke c re th t such as are over

bu rdened with thi s i nfirm ity b e spoken to a n d exhorted to diligence a n d

a a a w a tchfulness gain st the s me , pu rsu nt to which thi s meeting doth

a ppoint VViIl ia m Sagar and Edw a rd Vee po n d for M a rsden a n d J a mes

a n d a a a m a B a ncroft F r nci s Robin son for Tr wden , th t so the evil y be

’ a a n d m a y a a removed from God s c mp dil igence incre se mong them ,

a a a n d so the blessing of God will rest mong them as on the I sr el of God ,

even the dew of Hermon a n d the fa tness of endu ri ng blessedness .

Friends were advi sed to st a n d cle a r of t he custom s of t h i s w orld

a a a n a s in the givi ng or receiving gloves , rib nds , sc rves , or y such l ike

a t a a b a a n t hi ngs m rri ges or uri l s , not to use y coveri ngs u pon thei r

ffi a n y a a a t a . co n s , nor colour them colour , nor m ke gre t provi sion funer ls

Smoki ng w a s frequentl y di scounten a nced a s b e ing inconsi stent w it h ou r holy profession and su c h a s h a ve occ a sion t o u se it should t a ke

3 8

S pi rit of the founders , which led both men and women ministers to

f ff a spare no ef ort an d endure any su ering in spreading broad the Truth ,

a a as they believed it . Cert in it is , that m ny of their principles are being a - ccepted by the world to day , although thi s denomination is now so few in numbers .

Of a n d a these solemn e rnest seekers after Trut h , whose profession

a a - ff n w w s ccompan ied by self denial and su ering , no representative o

a a a n d l a rem i ns in Tr wden , n o memori a m rks their past ex istence s a ve

a a the little gr ss covered burial g round on the M ir ge .

E T H I N G H A M ITE S .

The religious denom in a tion next in order is that of the Ingham

W i l 1 2 n ew a l . i tes , who built a Meeting House at in 75 The founder of

b . a O this ody was Mr Benj amin I ngham , a n tive of sset , Dewsbu ry , in

w a s b 1 1 2 a Yorkshi re . He orn in 7 , received l iberal education at Batley

’ O 1 School , an d Queen s College , xford , which he entered in 73 0 . During hi s residence in Oxford he became acquainted w ith Ch a rles

a John Wesley , and other devout and e rnest students , who

a a a 1 w afterwards became gre t publ i c ch r cters . I n 73 5 he a s ordained to the min istr y b y the Bishop of Oxford . On the same day be com m e n ced a pre ching , and preached hi s fi rst sermon to the prisoners in

Oxford Castle . I n consequence of a pressing invitation for his assi st ance i n preaching from Mr . John Wesley , he sailed to Georgia , remained

a n d a a nd a a there for a year some months , and vi sited Carolin Penn sylv n i

. a O before he retu rned to England Returning to hi s n tive place , ssett , be renewed hi s labours as a preacher in the Establi shed Church ,

a pre ching in all the churches and chapels i n the neighbourhood , with such success th a t great numbers of people attended wherever be pro

a . a cl imed hi s message Th is roused the j e lousy of the clergy , and they

a n d be prohibited him their churches chapels , on which commenced to

a b w r pre ch i n the fields , arn s , and houses , hile hi s conve ts continued to

a b . i ncre se in num er These were formed i nto Societies , nearly si xty i n

w w a b y . a Yorksh i re , hich ere vi sited once month M r I ngh m or those

h o w a ssi sted him .

1 a a a a I n 743 M r . I ngh m fi rst commenced pre ch ing in L nc shi re , a t a a a Colne Edge , ne r Colne , in con sequence of sol icit tion of some o w a s f . y a a . the residents t here Two e rs l ter , while M r I ngham in G t t a . y w a s a . . erm ny , Mr Batt the princi p l preacher At hi s i me Mr

40 ’ a a a a a a Wesley s pre chers ppe red in Cr ven and L nc shire , and John

a . a a s a a . Wesley h im sel f c me to Roughlee , where M r B tty w lso l bouring

h a a . They d much convers tion upon reli gion , and M r Wesley tried , but without success , to persuade Mr . Batty to connect himsel f with hi s

a a n d party . Mr . I ngham soon returned from Germ ny , continued h is

a a n d w labou rs w i th increasing success . L bourers converts ere frequently a bused a n d mobbed with such violence th a t often thei r lives

a b u t a b . were in d nger , thi s did not ate their zeal Societies were formed , a a a n d w b a Steward ppointed over them , they ere vi sited y itiner nt preachers or Elders once a w eek or once a fo rtn ight . At one of their ‘

a a t xVin e w a l l 1 . a gener l meeti ngs , held , i n 7 53 , Mr Ingham gave long letter of advice to a l l hi s fellow preachers . Most of thei r Meeti ng

Houses were b uilt b etween 1 7 50 a n d 1 7 57 . Mr . I ngham intended to form the societies into some regular order w ith Elders and teachers

a a a d ifli c u l t a a over e ch , but found so gre t y in obt ining qu lified person s that he decided to continue the i tinerant plan a l ittle longer .

6 w a e a t a 1 2 . s b In 7 Mr I ngham chosen to Elder T dcaster , where

I n 1 1 h a i he l a boured unt il his dea th i n 1 77 2 . 74 he d marr ed the Right

b a a a a a . Honoura le L dy M rg ret H stings , si ster to the E rl of H untingdon

w a s a n a w a s v er He not only e rnest preacher , but y liberal i n relieving

y a n d a a w a a a and the need , in hi s l ter y e rs he rote tre tise on the f ith h ope of the gospel .

w y m W i n ew In 1 76 2 there ere twent to thi rty church me b ers at all .

a n d b VVa ddin t o n a n d s They chose John Sl inger , Elder , Ro ert g Jame 8 a . a w a s 1 0 W lker , Deacon s Willi m Edmondson chosen Elder i n 7 , and the next Elders were J a mes Bellhouse a n d Hen ry B a nni ster .

Among the trustees of the first I Vin ew a l l Ch a pel t w o w ere

b a s a a a n d a s a a . descri ed sh lloon we vers , one , a c lim nco weaver The

a w a s b 1 860 a a present ch pel uilt in , and the old ch pel , enl rged , became

a a a n d d a . . . b w a s Sund y y school Mr C Gi bon , of Colne , the fi rst

a a a n d w a s w b . . trained certific ted schoolm ster , he follo ed y Mr R h S o w erb u t t s w o . , retained thi s post until the school was closed

1 8 1 w a n I n 4 there ere thi rteen Ingh mite Churches in Engla d , V t h e a a t V h ea t l e w 6 b W in ew al l l rgest being y, ith 5 mem ers , while was

1 h a n the next with 4 members . These churches d then u ited with The

S Ol d a n d a b a cots I ndependent Churches , ook of historic l sketches ,

4 1 . 1 8 1 publi shed by H E arnshaw , printer , of Colne , in 4 , gives the history ' di i of t h e t w o b o es w th the correspondence which led to their union .

A t a t i n a a n I ‘C h nr ch Br n ford , C nada , there i s n ow nghamite , W i fou nded by emigrant s from n ew al l .

T E YA N M‘ET ’ D H W E S L E HO I ST S .

1 8 1 0 I n the Wesleyan Methodists , who had previously attended

a ch el m the Colne Lane Ch pel , erected thei r a p at the ost convenient

a t situation for the needs of the three h mlets . The site called the po ato

w a s a a n a a u m b a a i croft p rt of est te c lled J , n me which is still reta ned

u m b . a S o u t hfi eld in the J Pit The fi rst trustees were Richard S ag r , of ,

a L er merch nt ; Thomas Wi lkinson , of Colne , grocer ; Chri stopher i st ,

. B a t t in son a of Colne , ironmonger ; George , of Colne , tinner ; Willi m

a y r a r l H rtle ; g ocer ; N than Pickles , g rocer ; James Ha tley , of H oy e ,

a a a a r cotton we ver ; J mes G reenwood , of L ne H ouse , we ver ; Hen y ' a y a H rtle of Upper Town , we ver ; George F rankland , weaver ; John

’ Vve ll h e a d a S o u t h fiel d Heaton , of , we ver ; and J ohn Dean , of in Great

a . a s M rsden , weaver The ch pel had to be held on tru t for the people

a a n d c lled Methodists , used for preachers to expound the Scriptures according to the doct rines contained in the first four volumes of serm on s and notes upon the New Test a ment as set forth by the Reverend John

b a a . e Wesley Pew rents were to received , and , fter other ch rges were

w a a met , ere to be pplied tow rds the support of the itinerant Methodi st

t h i a n d preachers . I n e orig nal deed the vendor one trustee make thei r

a a s e marks in place of the usual sign ture . Thi s deed i s of interest b ing “ ” a a 1 8 2 a d w a l l of earl ier d te th n 3 , the d te of the m o el deed , to hich

a r deeds of later da te in the Wesle y an Methodist Church e referred .

Tra dition says that Mi ss Mary Foulds w a rmly sympath i se d wi th

a n d h a d f a n h el these people , o fered to give them excellent si te i n W it y

- h a a . C rr , dj oining Church Street The short sighted opposition to t i s

y a n d l o st a b a n d t offer checked her generosit , both a valu le site suppor

from a wealthy loca l p a tron .

a y b y w a s a The Sund School , held in the od of the chapel , m inly

a y b concerned w ith the te a chi ng of re ding , onl the older mem ers

w a s recei v ing did a ct ic i nst ructi on . Thi s often the only schooling that

memb ers were a ble to obt a i n duri ng thei r childhood a n d y outh . A set i l u b h 1 8 1 6 a su pe r n of ru es , p li s ed in , g ve very preci se in structions for i h il d ren a n n te n dent s he a n d c d a r . , teac rs , , add ess to parents The

- - m o 1 2 a . m . 1 0 0 . . school h u rs were from 9 to and 3 to 4 3 p , from Lady

- a a n d e 1 0 1 1 2 a . m . Day to Mich elmas , for the r st of the year from 5 to

- h a d m . an d 1 3 0 to 4 p . The supe ri ntendent to open and close the school

a n d a b u t e y with singing pr yer , not to m plo more than ten minutes in

se a thi s exerci se , to supply books , organi the scholars , dvise teachers ,

i a y c w and m a i nta i n disc pl ine . I f children h bituall ame late or ere absent

w a t y a s a e ithout sati s f c or re on , or misbeh ved , they would be xcluded

a a a re from the school . I n the ddress to p rents they respectfully “ informed th a t the design of this institution is The welfare of the ” “ a a l l a a n a a ri si ng gener t ion , and who t ke ctive p rt in it , do i t without

a w w h o a b al l fee or pecun i ry re ard , as men of God l our to do the good ” y n the ca .

a a c t a Cl ss meetings of members were held in v ri ous o t ages ,

y practice w h ich h a s not e t died out .

The most i mport a nt event of the year h a s a lways b een the Sund a y “ ” ” h a in w a a Ru s be r . s School Sermons , c lled the Charity or g This

a w a y a a m u sica l al a n d a l s gre t fest iv , new music for hymn s nthem s

n w a l an d a l l in being sought for fa r a d ide . Additi on l voca ists k ds of

a m wind and stri ng ed instruments were requi sitioned . The l dy me bers

sa t a a . of the choir , dressed i n white , on st ge built roun d the pulpit

On a d a a a a w a s a e a s th t y the se ting ccommod tion t x d to its li mit ,

b a a mem ers of other denomi n tions , old residents , and friends , m de a

8 a w a a 1 f be . 1 0 s an d 8 0 special e fort to there I n 5 the ch pel enl rged , in 9

- a it w a s pa rtly r e b uilt a n d restored to i ts present form . Centen ry

1 1 0 a n d a b a a services were held i n 9 , ooklet publi shed , giving m ny det il s

of the hi story of the pl a ce a n d people .

1 0 - a h a v in b I n 9 3 , the old time Ch rity g een d i scontinued for

o a e w a s a a o a a a a s me ye rs , th re reviv l f phenomen l ch racter , org nised

a a y by the older members an d friends . Mr . Thom s Sh w and M r . Hen r

a a t h e a an d o n l n a Pickles c nv ssed old schol rs , f u d them equa ly e thusi sti c “ ”

a n Ol d a y . . a a a a n d i n desi ri ng Time Ch rit Mr Sh w erected st ge ,

a i a o a e . . . a a former ch irm st r , Mr H W B nnister , tr ned old schol rs ,

‘ a a n d a - a including gr ndmothers gre t gr ndmothers , to sing , not only the “ ” y a n d a b u t a a old h mn s nthems , l ter anthems from the Messi h , “ “ ”

a a n d 1 2 t h a . e Cre tion , M ss The servi ces were a gr at success , an d

e a on a a s a t were r pe ted sever l occ sions , the uni que choi r i nging no less

a w y th n t ent services . I a n ea fest n the ch pel vestry , on the side the river , there was

1 8 0 formerl y a day school . Following the 7 Education Act the present S und a y school was erected and opened as a Wesleyan Day School i n

T t n l o . 1 8 . . . o 73 M r . J G was the fi rst headm aster He was succeeded ’ 88 b . . 1 y M r G Sowerby , who resigned in 7 , an d was followed by Mr . A .

S . U I Vil m o re D . c , n ow of London n ivers ity , who remained in charge

1 8 6 . . . a a n d until 9 M r T L ittle then took ch rge , continued until the

present Counci l School was erected , to which he and the children were

then t ran sferred .

The fi rst member of the Trawden Society to enter the ranks of

R v e . the mini stry was the J ames Walton , who vol unteered for service

a s a y a L Wesle n Methodi st M issionary i n S ierra eone , West Africa ,

’

a a a 1 02 . fter hi s three ye rs t r i nin g in Richmond Wesleyan College , in 9

After a long service there he has retu rned home to ci rcui t work .

6 a 1 0 . . h a d I n 9 he m rried Mi ss M J Bann ister , of Trawden , who

a a j u st completed her trai n ing as n urse at the Lon don Hospit l . They

a O a n d m reached F reetown e rly in ctober , during the next month ade

a a a a l ong mi ssi on ry tour through the hinterl n d , re chin g many places

n where n o wh ite woman had previ ou sly been seen . O the return

a fev e r a j ou rney she had an ttack of m alari al , was prostrated for sever l

a n d a s a . weeks , then i nvalided home last hope S he died at Trawden ,

a a 2 2 1 0 five d ys after re ching England , on Feb ruary , 9 7 , one of the

many m i ssi on a ry men and women whom the West Afri can Field h a s

cl a imed .

E P V O S T H R I M ITI E M ET H D I ST .

The fi rst foreign m i ssionary from Tra wden was a Primitive

a Methodi st n amed Willi m H artley , who went to Austral ia during the

n fi rst great rush to the gold diggings . O one occasion during hi s tra vels he announced to a company of gold diggers that he was going t o a a a n d a v e pre ch that even ing i n thei r c m p , g them an invitation to a ttend . There w a s an i mmediate respon se by one of the dig gers n amed

’ 0 a a n J ohn Ann s (John B r cewell) , who claimed recogni ti on as old

a a Trawden acqu int nce .

Thi s denom ination bega n their services in Trawden i n a room

1 82 6 under the corner sh 0 p in Chapel Street . About they built a

chapel , an d had a buri al ground attached , on the present site of Pave w a M i ll . I n some y th is chapel m ust have become the property of a

a very eccentric ch racter , Edward J ames Taylor , who had once been

1 8 0 a Primitive Methodi st m ini ster , because i n 5 he sold it for nineteen — a z guine s to the following trustees John H opkinson , weaver ; David

b ll a Pickles , utter factor ; Wi iam Tattersall , weaver ; J mes Pickles ,

a n a weaver ; d Mark Petty , of Coal Pit Lane , Colne , f rmer . The trust declares that the premi ses are to be used i n conform ity with a deed poll under the hands and seal of Hugh Bourn e , James Bourne , an d William

a t h 1 8 0 Clowes , d ted s February , 3 , wh ich relates to the doctrines and di scipl ine of the society , an d permits the bu ilding to be u sed as a day a n d a l so a s Sunday school room , and a lecture room for the advocacy

a b a n d of the principles of tot l a stinence from intoxicating drinks , for

a a n d lectures on liter ry scienti fic subjects , so as such lectures and school

a n do n ot interfere wi th the rel igiou s services of t h e society . I f y more

c a n b a a a eligible site for a chapel be o t ined within the h mlet of Tr wden ,

a they shall be t liberty to sell the premises an d lay out the moneys . Any surplus money sh a ll be a ppl ied i n the fi rst place in di scharge of

a the debts owi ng on the P rim itive Methodist Ch pel at Laneshaw Bridge ,

a near Colne , and i n the next pl ce on the di scharge of the debts owing

y upon all the incumbered ch a pel s of t he Societ wi thin the Burnley Ci rcuit .

a a w a s 1 8 A more su i t ble site for larger chapel found in 75, when the present ch a pel w a s built .

The Hartley Memori a l Sunday School w a s so named in memory o f a 1 a S ir Willi m Pickles H artle , whose father was a Trawden tradesm n , and who h a s alwa ys responded most generously to every appeal for the church of hi s fathers .

T H E P N O I N D E E D E N T M ET H DI ST S .

The members of the I ndependent Meth odist F ree Church held thei r first religiou s services about the m iddle of the last centu ry in a

a cottage ch pel near the Lane H ouse Mill , but these were di scontinued when most of the members removed to Colne a n d founded the Provi

a a a n d a a t . dence Ch pel in W terside , the old Bethel Ch pel P rimet Bridge

a a a b At l ter d te , return ing members , j oined y seceders from the

a other rel igious comm uni ties i n Trawden , beg n to hold services in the

a w a b a Literary I n sti tute , and soon fter rds uilt thei r present pl ce of

1 8 2 worship i n 8 . T H E C H U R C H OF E N G L A N D .

The pa ri sh of Traw den w a s formed out of the parish of Christ

C h a d " hurch , which been formed out of t he parish of Colne , which was

n a a t a a o ce p r of the l rge p ri sh of Whal ley . The first Church services w a t a a ere held Dog Bottom Cott ge . At th t time there was no bridge o v e r a y i a a the river , the highw forded the r ver little higher up the v lley ,

a a and footp th cross ed the river where the present B rook Shed stands .

‘

P . a a a v e a J . . F oulds , E sq , of Tr wden H ll , g the l nd on which Sc h o w a s b 1 8 0 a the Church o l uilt i n 4 , and l so the stone required , wh ich w a s ob t a i n ed from the old Rock L a ne D e lph . A few years later he

n i m a de s i mil a r bequests for the church itself . O both occas on s hi s

I ViIl ia m w h o w a brother , P illing , after ards succeeded h im at Tr wden

a w a y y a s . H ll , had to s ign a from thi s propert , t he hei r at law

w a s 1 8 0 a n d The School opened i n Augu st , 4 , was used for

e al d a a Ch urch servi c s , and so as a y school , prov iding ccommodation for 2 00 children . The cost of erection w a s covered b y grants from the

a l . Nation l Society , the Comm ittee of Counci , an d private subscripti ons

w a s w a a 1 8 w . . I t un ited ith the N tion l Society in J une , 43 , hen the Rev A

H odgson w a s incumb en t of Chri st Church .

w a s 1 8 a be a The Chu rch erected i n 45, the found tion stone ing l i d

P a 8 . b . . . . . 1 y J P F oulds , Esq , J , on the th April of that ye r I t was

a . a a s a a a dedic ted to St M ry t he Vi rgin , me ns of perpetu ting the

y y memor of Mi ss M a r Foulds .

The Sentence of Con secra tion b y the Bi shop of Chester i s d a ted

1 t h 1 8 6 a n d a w a s b e 3 J uly , 4 , states th t the Church erected cause the p a ri sh of Christ Church w a s of grea t extent an d contained a large

a a w a s a n d popul t i on . Th i s p ri sh then in the Chester Di ocese , the

a r a t a a t b a C hurch Deeds e st ill the Dioces n Regi st ry Chester , ec u se the

a w a s 1 8 8 t w o a Diocese of M nchester not founded until 4 , ye rs after

w a rds .

8 . a a w a s a . e 1 0 The fi rst cur te in Tr wden M r Pryc , who d ied in 4

a w a s a w h o a t F a r a The next cu r te Will i m Messenger , resided Wanl ss , E a n d a fterw a rds bec a me vica r a t H a b ergh a m a ves .

a a The fi rst vic a r w a s t he Rev . Thom s Cr ven H um frey , who

l a n d res ided a t C a rry Bridge unti l t h e w a s b uilt in 1 857 . The

6

On e fel l a a t a nd of h i s son s sleep Trawden , i s buried in t h e churchyard , while hi s th ree other sons successively had brilliant school a n d a a t O a l l University c reers xford , ri sing to eminence as clergymen of the Church of England .

a v R v h e e . . . i Succeedi ng vicars been the J W Baron , M . A . , unt l

1 8 8 . . . . . 1 8 8 1 0 9 ; the Rev J P Petty , M A , from 9 to 9 7 ; and the Rev .

a a . H . P . Dempsey , M . A . , since th t d te

The connection between the Church of England and the followers

v of John Wesley m ust h a e lingered on . My own ancestors in Trawden

“ 1 8 1 0 from were Wesleyans , but every member up to and i ncluding my f a ther was bapti sed a t the Colne P a ri sh Church

T H E A A N TION L S C H OOL .

a a . As st ted bove , Mr Humfrey tried to found a school on modern

a e lines . Being un ble to do so , he r called a local man , Mr . Thomas

a 1 866 . Shaw , who held the post of schoolm ster until At that time he w a s one of the v e ry few men i n the vill a ge who discarded the dialect “ ”

a . a and t lked fine He had no s si stants or grants , and was supported by school fees of twopence per week each for those who came to learn

a n d al knitti ng , crotchet work , sampl ing , gener needlework , whi ch

b a formed the asis of the regul r in struction , but the fee was fourpence per week for those schol a rs who as p i red to write in copybooks .

1 866 Following Mr . Shaw in , a shoemaker , named Thom as

a ofli ce t Dixon , held the post for bout ten years , combining this with tha of rate collector . He was succeeded by several lady head mi stresses , until the school was finally h a nded over to the School Board as a n

’ infants school .

About 1 860 there w a s a school kept i n The Streets by John “ ” b u t Bann ister , Li ttle Hundred , run on s i mple li nes , n o attempt was made to te a ch femin ine a ccomplishments .

Simi l a r schools were kept in the W in e w a l l hamlet by J a mes Bell

B n i fli ie nt a nd b . . a d ne c house , y M rs ullock The met hods were crude ,

a a a . an d m teri l s for in struction were sc nty , but no others were available The m ost striking i ncident in the memo ry of those who p a ssed through “ ”

w a s b a b . . t hese school s the rri ng out efore a holi day Mrs Bull ock ,

a w a s a n for in st nce , c rried i n her chai r out of the room , while the childre

48 a a ye d ch nted , Pardon , Missi s , pardon , p rdon for a pin , i f o a n t let u s ’ i ” h ev a n v v e r . h h o w a s a hallid y we ll let ye in T en t e h l iday nnounced ,

- u the teacher was admitted , and the breaking p time came with

’ rej oici ng . Mrs . Bullock s main occupation was to knit stockings for

da y people , and she continued knitting all long , taking her scholastic duties as incidental . When learn ing to read , the children had fi rst to

a w a s poi nt at the letters with feather , whi ch an essential instrument

a w a s for each schol r , then to wait patiently until the teacher ready to

a a . w a j udge if they had le rned th t a , b , spelled ab The next step s to “ d eez W use the reedy ma y book (reading made easy) , hile the final

a st a ge of excellence was re ched when they could read in the Bible . She

a a had also a long mangle upst i rs , which she allowed the vill gers to use on payment of one penny for each occasion .

b a I n the rather superior school kept y J mes Bellhouse , at Well

a W in ew al l a a He d , i n , one old scholar says th t she le rnt to write there , “ b u t w a s the one and only copy set for writi ng , Commandments ten ,

’

. b God gave to men She learnt to write thi s sentence eautifully , but she learnt to write no other words , so that she could not sign her own name when she had finished schooling .

4 9 C H A PT ER yi n .

OBS OLE T E CUST OM AN D B E I E S L F S .

Some i nteresti ng cu stom s have l apsed ev en during the last fifty years . When a young m a n fir st sought the comp a n i on ship of a fa i r

a lady , it was considered the correct cu stom for the l dy to repel her lover

fi n d ' a y a with spirit to out whether he was re ll i n e rnest or n ot . When

h a d a y o un e thi s testi ng period been successfully p ssed , other g p ople

y noticed when the fi rst walked out together , followed them and demanded that they shoul d keep up the old cust om a n d pay the ” I Vi w ll a f it in . n e a o o s . pitcher I n it was called , p ying the g Woe ‘ m a n a a w b e to the if he only g ve sixpence , bec use then he ould frequently rem inded th a t th a t was the sum a t which b e v a lued the woman he hoped

. a w a to m arry I f he p i d one shilling or m ore , the ord would be p ssed

h a d round that he paid the pitcher , and the two young people in future

y would b e free to go unmolested on thei r h a pp y w a .

Eighty ye a rs ago the h a ppy pai r who wi shed to enter the b ond s o f matri mony eng a ged a fiddler to m a rch in front of them m a ki ng j oyou s mel od y a s the y m a rched from the home of the bri de to t he chu rch

\ y h a a a a . d g tes Vhen the cerem on been completed , he g i n played hi s

w a a s b i nstrument i n front of the edding p rty , they walked to the pu l ic “

. Ol d w a s hou se , where a dinner had been provided Jock one of the

l a st fiddl e r s of thi s kin d .

Even t ill ver y recent t imes the - w edd in g party was obstructed by

a t a a men the church gates , or in the roads , u sing ropes or l dders or c rt s ,

b a or y forming chain of clasped han ds , an d they had to stand treat

- before being a llowed to proceed . A good hearted bri degroom welcomed

such i nterruption s and gladly paid toll on th a t great d a y.

“ a b u r r in s w a a a At funer l s or , as they ere lw ys called , friend “ b a a n went round idding rel tives and fri ends to attend , and such

i nvi t a tion w a s a seriou s comm and . A s the m ourners entered the house

a a a y a n d of the de d , t hey placed one shilling or more on tr at the door ,

“ u r r i n l o a f a a a n d a received a piece of b o (sponge or curr nt c ke) ,

I w y memori a l c a rd . n thi s a y ever m ourner hel ped to meet the heavy

a a a y a expen ses of funeral , which h ve alw s pressed so he vily on the “ ” a a o a b u r r in w a s l poor . Even forty ye rs g free a very exceptiona

a n d a w a s a occurrence , tea provi ded for the mourners after a funeral

still more uncommon innov a tion .

50 A seriou s belief in witchcraft prevailed until quite recent times .

’ ’ 1 1 Ol d 0 1 8 6 8 7 John Ab salom s , who died in 7 , aged 7 years , used to tell ig“ “ w a h ow how cows were reversed i n their booses (st lls) , he had seen

a a a c lves run up the w ll and do other impossible ntics , when they were

under t he influence of the dreaded witches .

a b o His son , Thomas , when y living at Nichol House , reported

a one morning that fter retiring to rest , he had frequently been troubled

a a t a by reputed old witch then living the top of Trawden , who c me to

“ ’ ’ b a h ey a hi s eds ide and s id to him , I ll thee , Tommy , lthough the door

an a never opened to a llow her to pass . I n great ger he prep red for her

next vi sit by taking a hay fork to hi s room . When she next appeared

a a s b a a n d he j umped out of bed , raced fter her she moved ackw rds , tried

to pin her to the door with h is fork . The fork stuck fast in the door

a n d left m a rks which b ore witnes s for many a long year a fter wards that

h a d he h a d really tried to fi x her , but the clever old witch passed

- unh a rmed through the key hole .

On one occ a sion qu a rrymen returning from C a tlow Delph saw

’ a n old wom an a pp a rently a sleep on the gra ss in Job L a ne . They bel ieved that she w a s a witch and that her spirit w a s ab sent on w itch

H a d b w cra ft b ent . she een touched , her spirit ould not have returned

a a to i ts mort l fr me , so they waited until she showed sign s of awakening ,

a a n d when her evil spirit returned to t ke possession , then went hurriedly

o r. thei r w a y lest her ev il eye should light on them .

m a n A who died about twenty years ago , said that he remembered

a b o a a as y playing with sever l others on Tr wden Hill , when they caught h a stra nge ca t which a d often been seen playing round t hem . Very

b b a n d cruelly they tied its lim s close to its ody , when quite helpless they

al bounced it on the ground like a b l . To their surprise it van i shed . Th a t same night a n old w oman who lived in B a ck Lane and was b e d

w a ridden s found before morning to h ave one leg badly broken . I t

a a w a confi rmed the gener l opin ion th t she s a witch .

M a n y c i rcumstanti a l a ccounts h a ve b een given of spi rits a ppea r

a t b a t b u t ing the moment when they left the ody death , these are some

what commonpl a ce .

I t w a s a common beli ef i n W in ew a l l th a t a t Ol d Christmas

a l l a l a it h e s a a night the c ttle in the bowed thei r he ds at midnight , sure sign th a t on th a t n ight long long a go Christ w a s b orn a n d they di d Hi m w a s a b y a a reverence . Thi s lso confi rmed the f ct th t at S t u n st e a d Hall

a a there was a t ree which blossomed i n full on th t self s me night . The

w a s a y h fact said to be indisputable , because m n people a d stayed up all th a t night and seen it .

w a s a M a y D a M isch ief Night relic of the old Engli sh y frolics . I t w a s the last night in April ; an d young people then a ssumed that

a l l they h a d a free l icence for kinds of pranks . People remember

w a s a a W i yet w hen a cart pl ced on the roof of a b rn at n ew a l l . A w heelbarrow on the top of a house or barn on the fi rst m orni ng i n May

. On a was not an uncommon sight a large sc le , gates were once removed from their hinges and stacked in a di st a nt field not fa r from

a a The Rough . C rts were often placed in excepti on l position s , one

n a t being o ce run into the pool the bottom of Lumb Spout . Poultry huts had sometimes been moved across a field .

w Even the girls had their m ilder frolics , by closing the stiles i th

b a t stones , y piling stones the hou se doors , and by removing the top “ ” t h a t a slab from e benk , wh ich stood the door of most cott ges . I n

a sk a t a a the early evening one of them would cott ge door , Do you want a n y haver bread Me a nwhile her comp a nion s filled the opening between door and framework with shells of mussels or

w a s a w a s cockles , and as the door pulled b ck there a loud crash .

a a w a Footb ll m tches ere very popul r , not so frequent , but m ore

y m a a a n h a d . ex cting th n the modern t pe , becau se every to j oin the game

a w a s a l l a i n ew a l l a n d The g me played between the men of Tr wden or W , ff . o the men of Colne , or Colne Waterside The ball was kicked a t y C o w fiel d some place midwa between the town ships , say at or

a n d . Doughty , each party tried to get i t to thei r own place There were

a w a s no rules of the game , an d no time li mit . The pl y very rough

a n d w a at ti mes , bruises seri ous ounds being m de , while when they c a me to t he river it was not unusual for men to be soused in the water .

a o a n o ff Co w fie l d At one such g me , when Big J y had kicked at on

a D a Ch ri stm s y, the play lasted till even ing , and had ultimately reached

a a n the Tr wden V a lley near the w a tercourse . Then did Jo y li ft the

a a a a n d a a a s b ll bove hi s he d , d re nyone to touch h im or the ball , he

carried it off in triumph to Trawden .

a a w be a The verses c lled Blueberry C ke , which ill given l ter ,

w ere said to h a v e been written a s a sequel to this famous football match .

fl 3 2 An exactly simil a r incident is said to h a ve happened at the end

b W in ew a l l a of a m a tch etween and W terside , when old John Mitchell ,

a y m a n da . a 1 . excepti on ll strong , was the hero of the y

y a a o a b a d r a Up to forty e rs g , on ccount of the count y ro ds , it L w a s the custom to c a rry qui cklime fr om o t h e r sda l e to the outl ying “ ” a 1 fa rm s on lime ga lls . These were sm ll horses about 4 hands

w a a a n d a a i i h , . high , e ch c rr ed th ree hundred e g ts pl ced in two p nniers A long string o f t w ent y o f these horses formed a stri king picture a s they m a rched in single file .

A bel ief in the m a gic a l po w e r of gi psi es once led to a T h o r n e dge fa r m er h a v i n g t h e confi den ce tri ck pl a yed on hi m . Gipsies c a mping

i n I c o l l a r a a on the w a ste ground Lane convinced him , by prel imin ry

a a s a s a a b e a t ri l on m ll c le , th t copper or silver could ch nged i nto gold ,

w w a b a n w a i f i t a s r pped up y old om n of their tribe , charmed by her ,

y a a a n d the n hi dde n fo r th ree d a ys . The persu ded him to repe t the

r s w a s a t ri a l w ith o n e hundred sove eign . An essential condi tion th t

s m n e a r ev e n a a a he mu t not co e , nor look tow rds the c mp for the sp ce

I t h y a b u t a y r d a y s . n e ( 1 th e e n i ght the dep rted , poor Johnnie f ithfull

b y a a ob served the requi red condit i ons , there fully e rning the n me h i s ” nei gh b ou r s g a ve h im for the rest of h i s l i fe of Gi psy John n ie .

a y et b a o a People spe k of Christmas oxes , but long g the usu l present s w h ich a p a rent ga ve to hi s ch ildren were small black or tin

a b a y a a n d . boxes , costi ng out penn e ch , these were used to hold pin s “ a n d n ow a The ch ildren went to the shopkeeper sai d , Pray you row

s a n d w a r o w a of pi n , he ould give of pin s to every child who sked for h W i s r a . y a t Ch i stm s present i thout toys , the used these pi n s for sever l

a . I n a a b a n d a a g mes one g me g i rl covered oth ends , sked nother to

guess w hi ch w a s he a d or poi n t . I n a nother guessing game the pi n

“ ’ w a s li w a 0 b held in the closed st , h ile the holder s id N ip utter for a pin , ? w hi ch h a nd i s the b u tter in I f guessed correctly the guesser took

t h e b u t o n e . pi n , i f wrong she lost

N K N A IC M E S .

yVh e n there w ere severa l individu a ls owning the same Christi a n na m e a n d surn a me it w a s a ment a l relief a n d almost a necessi ty to use

s m e a a a s a o other di stingui sh i ng ppell tion , in the case lready given of “ ” O l d o “f J hn , Young John , Little John . Similarly Little ill , who

i n h m i t e d a a w a s a a a w a s Tr wden H ll , so c lled bec use his f ther Young

53 i l Ol d . w a s W l , the son of Will The commonest m ethod to name a

’ a b oy as h is father s son . Thu s i f the f ther was Jack and the son Jem ,

’ ’ the son was n a tural l y cal led J em o J ack s .

Some yea rs a go in Liverpool I met a n old m a n named Harrison

a w h o a n on a business m tter , had no poss ible ch nce of knowi g me or “

a . a a re a m a n my bi rthpl ce Suddenly he sked , You not Liverpool , ”

a . w a s b ut Lan cashi re ? I greed Then his next questi on surpri sing .

’ ’ ’ ” 0 t h ? Did you ever know J ack old Mon s My reply at once was ,

’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ w a s w 0 0 t h No , he before my time , but I kne J ane Bill s o Jack s

’ ” w Ol d Mon s very ell .

a a a w a s I t sub seq uently ppe red th t Mr . H arri son the son of a

a a n d former master of the Colne Gramm r School , in hi s old age there was no place or topic so interesting to him a s that of Bonnie Colne an d

a n d h a d . the neighbourhood , the people who lived there

Thirty years ago J a ck H a rtley n a med eight men then living in

Trawden wh o h a d the same name of J ohn H artley . Quite recently hi s

a b a son was le to give me the n mes of seven of these men , as follows

’ ’ 0 0 Ow et k Jack Hartley , John Steens , Jack Moys , Potter , Jack g , Jac ‘ D oa d s a n d . 0 , Scarman

I f a man lived to be over fifty years of age , it was fairly certai n “ Ol d i that he would receive the prefix , unless some other more str king

title had been previously attached to h im . A farmer was sometimes

a a n am ed from his fa rm . F armer J ck t the Rings Farm was called “

a . a J ck at Rings S im ilarly , J ck at Lumb Laithe , Hargreaves at

Wanlass .

A little incident often c a used a n a me to b e a tt a ched to a man for

b o y b e li fe . A who volunteered to a witness when ot hers were caught “ ” a a w a s a W - for ste ling pot toes , c lled i tness for the rest of hi s li fe .

w b o y SU ZC CI a n a x When trees ere being cut down , a e lying n ear ” a y b y e . and swung it round s ing , Let me the fell Un fortunately h e

' o I n chopped ff hi s b rother Andrew s finger . l a ter years few pe ople could h a v e recogn i sed Willi a m Lee s o qu ickl y a s b y h i s other n a me “ " of Felly Lee .

Billie Boy and Little Tom retai ned these childi sh names a lthough

both developed into big strong men . I n the ca se of the second m a n

t h e a a a o f a b e w e t dv nt ge the n ickname i s pparent , ecaus there er w o

( 4 fl

CH APT ER i x .

POET S AN D POET RY .

The condition s of life in Trawden h ave never been conducive to the growth of a lei sured cl a ss c a p a ble of a tt a in ing l iterary ability of a high order . There have been n o poet s of em inence who showed marked

w a s ability , becau se n on e of them pri vi leged to enj oy the advantages of a good education and m a ke the a cqu a intance of the vast treasures

a n d y a r e a a a a of Engli sh prose poet r which v il ble to every li ter ry student .

s a Lacking the knowledge of the pos ible vari tions in accent , metre , an d rhythm , they enj oyed the expres si on of thei r thoughts in simple

w a rhymed verses , ritten to com memor te som e stri king local event . They resemble the old b a l l a ds m a de to b e sung a t fea sts or fai rs or on speci al occ a sions a n d re m e mbered for l o n g periods even by people who could n ot re a d .

The earliest poem s th a t I h a ve come across are contained i n a

” “ ’ Co m l ittle book called , M iscellaneous Poem s , or The Good Man s ” a b y w h o h a d p n ion , composed James Driver , lived in Trawden as a

a a y boy , but removed i n l ter ye rs to H de , i n Cheshi re . H is pri de i n his

a w a s y a b a poetic l gift evidentl reason ble , ec use the copy , lent me by hi s

. a b h a d a grandson , Vi ncent Driver , shows th t thi s ook p ssed through

s n ine editions . I t begin

Thi s littl e book does bea r th e test ’ Wh en i t s severely t r i ed I t oo its s an d am on th e bes t k t g t , I t s f am e i s s rea di n m de p g .

I t sw eetly ch i m es in every pa r t Lik e mu sm t o th e ca r : I m e ts th e h a r dn ess of t h e h ea r t l t . And m a es t h em h ed a tea r k s .

I n a n i ntroductor y poem he tell s h o w nin e y e a rs a go he began to

’ w a b u t b i t w a s a w a v a a rite b ook , efore h l f done , tw s th rown i nto

o . a s l a v b e d n a a no k Then he on h is t he i spi r tion c me , poetic force

' a a h i s a a n d a n 1 w kened him , touched org n strin g , he beg book to

s b h w m a ke for people n o w to si ng . He de c ri es o he intends i t to be both t rue a n d kind a n d th a t t he scri ptu res shall always be his guide .

He concludes th i s p oe m b y hoping th at after hi s spirit has taken it s “ i i fli g ht thi s b ook m a y t hen b e sh in n g b r ght a n d s p re a d the nation

n ro u d .

' §F The most in teres t i ng select i on describes a wal k from H ollin H all al ong Sla ck Bottom s to H oyle .

’ T H E W OO T H E B OY S R A M B L E I N D S .

r den own shi I w a s born I n T a w t p , N ea r t o th e Holl i n H a ll ; ’ T w a s th ere m y fath er cut th e corn Wh en I w as very sm a l

’ Th ere di d I su ck m y m oth er s breast H er love t o m e w as deep ; Sh e took m e in h er a rms t o rest

An d m e h en to s ee . put , t , l p

h h a r n d m ad e it sm ooth S e com bed m y i a , An d w a sh ed m y h an ds an d feet ; Wh en a sh e did m e sooth e I w s si ck , ee To ca u se m e n ot t o w p .

Her l ovi n g th ough t a n d t en der care F or m e h e ta b e s read t l p , En o h th re w a s an d som e to s are ug e p , For I as r i h fed w c ly .

Yea r after year h er w i ll i n g feet Unto m y h elp th e , r an ; Sh e c o h ed m e w e l an d m ade m e m ea l t l t . h n C all ed m e er li ttle m a .

’ On e summ er s day I t ook a rove ‘ A cr oss you I osy pl ain ; I sat m e down ben ea th t h e grove s T o h elter from th e ra i n .

er n Th e a t m y feet a sh n r b, _ i i g g u . e r ai n bow a rch w as brigh t ; Th e w ren di d Si n g up on a sh ub . r An d l ed m e W ith de i h fi l l g t .

Soon did th e c o ds e n b t o brea , , l u gi k Th e r ai n w as sw ept a wa y; h e su n sh on e br i ht acr oss t h e ake g l , h en al l w as ca m an T l d gay.

t u r ned m e roun d a n d plu ck ed a rose l ts bea uty pleased m e w e An d w h en I put it t o m y n ose a e a easan t sm e It g v pl ll .

Th e h ros e m a de th e w oods t o r n t tl i g , I ts n otes di d sw ell an d ri se Th e bla c bi r d sh e di d sw ee sin k tly g , h e ed m e W i h ri T y fill t su rp se .

Th e skylark rose a n d sun g on hi gh How n ea t sh e sprea d h er w in g ’ Wh ere e er I l ooked or t rned m ne eye _ u i Th e bi rds di d sw eet s n ly i g ,

h ere at th e bo tom of th e hil l T , t , Th e appl e t rees did st an d ; tow a w al k th er e at m wi I y ll , To see a si h so r an d g t g .

Th e m s a n d ch err ies th ere di hi n plu d g , ' At th em I gazed a whi le ; t n e an d saw t h e a e I u d pp s swing, r fi l Th e s i h i t m a de m e sm e g t il .

S7 w al ed side t h e orch a rd wa il I k out , Near to th e i ch en door k t , Th ere d c s an d h ens bo h reat and sm all , u k , t g , din h e oor W ere fee g from t fl .

B e ore th e door th e m t ree stood f plu , A cross th e w all it sp re On it w ere m s bo h ri e and ood plu , t p g , n r e r d A d som e w e ve y re .

Th e eacoc w al ed across th e ard p k k y , Maj est i c w as hi s form ; He too h is stan d h er e as a ar d k t , gu , T e h e r e r h a rm o ke p t st f om .

Tw o ret m a ds cam e ou t t o m e p ty i , h ei r w ords w ere soft i n d ki nd ; h e sa d th a m h uc t h e ree T y i t I ig t pl k t ,

I f th at w oul d please my mi n d .

Th ose w or ds cam e sw ee to m breast tly y , Ju st suited t o m y wi ll ; I cli mbed th e t r ee an d pluck ed th e best di o I d m y bi sh p fill .

T en w h m m s r an w h h ast e h , it y plu I it A cross you p ea san t w h a m h l et m m o h er aste T t I ig t y t t , T o feel h ow sw eet an d goo d.

A cross th e room t m e sh e ru n o , ’ An d a sked m e w h ere I d been ; ’ Before I d got m y story don e n Th e truth w a s fully see .

Th e ears th en dro ed dow n rom h er e es t pp f y , Her w ords w er e sw eet an m i h e ra ed h a o w o ee m e w se S ,p y t t G d uld k p i , n h ch d A good a d a ppy il .

Sh e a e t o me a ra s n ca e g v i i k , And put m e th en t o bed ’ I w ri e h s oem for o h er s sa e t t i p t k , S o m ay th e truth be sprea d

’ M summ er s w a lk filled me w ith j oy yts pleasu r e w as m y w age ; w as but h en a l t e o I t it l b y,

A bout n i ne yea rs of a ge .

M s l - rki li e o t of his poems are seri ou s , ref ecting a hard wo ng f w t l e ee l i h little i sure and with few com forts or luxuries , while a d p y “ ” li l A he re gious vei n runs through them . I n Manhood and O d ge com pares h i s weakness a n d illness due to a ge with t h e gre at st rengt h and activi ty of his youth .

’ a a b The Author s L ment ti on egins ,

’ I d n i neteen ch ildren born to m e A rea a n d m h w o r ou see g t ig ty k y , To a e enses rea a n d sma p y xp g t ll , Th e doc or s bi s and ren a n d al l t ll , t ,

C a n d rea rin t hem ontinuing , he tell s of the work worries in g , “ I n T h e Old and e nds by relating hi s own sufferings due to old age .

58 ’ P a oet s Lot , he s ys that he gets hi s living by selling hi s books , that he

fa r st a fi i n wanders alone from home , my books by my side , my my

a . h nd , my bill I do read when I sit or stand

l rm Hi s latest poem s describe the battles of Alma and nke an , both fought in 1 854 .

a a a A typical popul r b ll d , written in anapaestic feet instead of

a a Bl oo rberr the common ball d measure , i s the one c lled y Cake or Blue

a n d berry Cake . The author i s anonymous , it has been published both in the dial ect a n d in the modern English .

On th e s th da of A st as h a e h eard sa ix ugu , I v y, All th e p eople eft T r aw den on th at very day; With la rge pa cks on th ei r ba cks th ey ca m e m archi n g th rough C oln e h er e w as a ch ea r on t o i er oo own T p t ip L v p l t .

Wh en th ey got t o th e st ati on th ere w ere folk s from all sides W ol l a r raw den an d Col n e W at er s de yc , T , ; —. i Su ch th ru st i n g a n d cr ush ing i t w as like a W a k e F or n o on e could st i r for t h e Blu eberry C ak e

Wh en th ey got i n th e t ra i n a m an from Win ew al l Sa d t o Ol d J effr h i s en i n e W i st all " i y, T g ll ’ As su r e as w e re o n w e sha l l h a e a m i s a e g i g v t k , e h B e r r Th ere i s su ch a g reat w ig t on of lu be y C ak e .

h e w er e Um p l eb an d Co an d ot s of t h em m ore T y y, l , Ha d as m uch Blueberry Caf e as w oul d fill h a H- a- score W i h bo es of or e r th e r Sl deS di d sh a e t ttl p t i k , s r B e rr B e i des som e l a ge bun dles of lu be y C a ke .

Wh en th e r a n it did an d an d th e eo e ot ou t t i l p pl g , ’ ’ ’ J a ck 0 th Ol d Mon s set 11 a g rea t sh out ; Th e or ers di d a h til is en S ides di d sh a e p t l ug l k , se s ch ar e n d e f B e er C a e T o e u l g bu l s o lu b ry k .

’ T o see N e son s M n m en t off h e di d r u n l o u t y , i r o e e i h at h e fu n L e o o d d a t , v p l p pl l ug . T o see h em st a n d ro n d i e as se s an d a es t u , l k p , h n h e m h e B e err n c i a d w t ir C a es. Mu g q c g lu b y k

h en dow n to th e d cks i n scor es h e did run T o t y , ’ An a o er t o New B righ ton t o see th e big gu n ; ’ ’ S a d om m o Ma r s M s om ach it ach es i T y y , y t , ’ I m se a si ck w ith eati n g th ose B lu eberry C a k es.

’ ’ ’ ' Sa d Bi o obs I m h n n 0 t h t ra n i ll y H , t i ki g i , ’ e s o ba c in t o En an d an d h om ew ard a a in L t g k gl , g So h en off h e di d sa t o th e s a on t h e w ent t t y il , t ti y , An d et bac t C o n e w h i ch w a h ei r i n n o s e t . g k l , t t

h e r d ed i n o ra w den a l l sorts o n an d ol d T y t u g t T , , y u g , Bein h a s a r ed t o dea h bo h w ear an d co d g lf t v t , t l ; h en u s o e D a w a rk a n d l ots of t em m ore T p p k y , ’ ’ o S e a id . n e r cross t h e sea w h i e i e an m or e I ll l I l v y .

There w a s a reply to the a bove song w ritten in the s a me poe tical m a a a e sure by nother nonymous author .

A noted ch a ra cter in W i n ew a l l fifty y ea rs a go was H a rtley

’ St a n fi y s el d a 0 . w a s a e , H rtley Anns He v r eccentric man , who

59 ga thered fresh egg s from the fa rmers a n d c a rried th em in b a skets to

v O b a h a d b n w B u r n l e . e b u t w a sell in nce h is skets een , it s in the fa r

a a a n d a a t h e v w w di st nt p st , in his l ter ye rs ere tied ith string in many

b a a a a . pl ces , t hus presenting very iz rre appe rance Hi s clothes a lso h a d undergone such a n extensi ve series of p a tch ings th a t it w a s difli c u l t

w w a s a a a a n d w w a s a a t o tell hich origin l m teri l hich of l ter ge .

m M y I a b r . a a a a inde ted to J mes H rtle , of B nk Street , Tr wden , w h o suppl ied me w ith ten pri nted poem s or b a ll a ds w ritten by Hartley

’ o . a a n d a re a b u t Ann s Both m tter metre r ther di sappointing , when re a d a loud to other people t hey produce the s a me l iv el v interest that old

l w O n b a ll a ds have a a v s done . e song i s a b out a foot ra ce in 1 860 won

y b a a b Little Colne . An other cele r tes the m rri a ge of the Prince of \ Va les i n 1 863 . Another descri bes the t ra ged y a t Bl a ck L a ne Ends i n

“ ” i n n 1 86 2 . n a d a d a s Sh ill i ngs Pence , in Mv B kets , he describes hi s o w n person a l a ppe a ra nce a n d hi s occupa tion a n d t he rem a rks people

m a a b a s a w . ke out h im he walks long , i th evi dent pri de

W i n ew a l l w a a h a s b Another poet of , hose n me , unfortun tely , een

w a a . v n forgotten , rote the f mou s Chri sti n , reci t i ng the bi rth and i a n d . h a s life , the crucif x i on resu rrection of ou r Lord Jesus Ch ri st I t b een sung for m a n v y ea rs a t Chri stm a s t i me a s a c a rol . There are in

a l l w y - b u t y w a re a u t ent four verses , onl t he foll o i ng usu lly s ng

Ye m o r a s al l of h i h a n d l ow de ree t l , g g D r a w n ea r a w l i i l e an d s en n o m e , li t u t “ il 1t I u n fold th ese li nes “ h u h h e i e \ 011 fi n d : d Th e i w e re composed t o keep u s f resh i n m i n .

Of w h a t ou r Grac i ou s God for u s h a th done . By sen di n g h ere His dea r bel oved S on ; “ h ile th ousa n ds on th e br i n k of m in

: Hi on ou r s n deb s to av . He sen s S . i ful t p

Let u s o bser e h is r n ce of o w b h v t P i l l y irt , Wh en h e a t rs descended h ere on ea h fi t rt . Vas b\ His m o h er i n a m a n e r a d t g l i , W h o wh e n sh e bore Him w a s i n r h a ma d , t ut i

h is w ee Ba e r h o h fa r a n d n ea r did r n T S t b 8 bi t b t i g , l l ea r h m t h e e a rs of erod th e rea i n g H , g t k g ; T ha m h m ona rch for to s i r s r e t ig ty , t up t if , t a e w a i en der l i fe Resolved o t k a y H s t .

S oon w e m s die a n d C h r s ou r J d e W i l be u t . i t u g l , T o ser e o u r \Ia ker l e u s al l a ree v t g , h a He m a sa Wh si ts on th e th rone T t y y o up .

C ome sa i n s "d ed fo r ou : vo u a re \I ow n . t , i y y

The n e w ro a d connect ing Tra wden to C o t t o n t ree w a s built i i i

U i 1 8 0 a n d a b a a a . r 7 , the not le event s of t h t ve r c u sed Mr j ack Ha tley ,

L a w b a a een . ne Hou se , t o rite the est di lect verses that I h ve yet s

60 N E W T R A W D E N R OA D .

’ ’ ’ J i ou w h a s ooan a ore Board s sten I l l e , u t l , t ll y t g f t ’ ’ oed a 0 bo h er s ha s h i s ra w den new rooed Th er s bi n a de l t t t T , ’ n on th r oo m a i ce an d s i e Bu t n aah i t s Ti ti a l p t , ’ ’ W h e neth er ca re for W i i am 0 A aron s T om a t anl ess n or Wri ht . T y ll , , g

J oe a nni s er h e sa h e i s th e best m an B t t y y , rooa d h e does al l h e can T o h elp on thi s , ’ d i t an d o s on em m ore Mr . h i oas e to S a w s Opp l t , An d w h at th ey i n ten d i s to k eep T raw den p oor .

J m r w en t da an on e da for to oo i m y T ayl o y l k , i s o on aw th er b h oo or b croo He sa d it mu t g y k y k , ’ Noo n J a m Wh a e h e soom fa n hi m aa t Bu t T om at k a ll y t y , ’ He d tu rn r a an d for m oost brass W i th a a t ony da a n.

I n th m on th of Oc o ber w h en ooc a th en ren e t l k p y t , ' ’ Som e a th er t a an a rm ers t o Barr c u fc i d w e n t upp f , r ou e se m e for n a m i n h is t i i ck I p ay y xcu g t , F or a t th i s ti m e th e n e w road w i Bar r owford m e n i t di d sti ck

J ohn Redm a n to h is an dl ord coo m a at yarr e broad l i , “ He sa d Al l er ten a n s are a ean th i s n e w rooad i , y t gg , ’ ’ ’ ’ h ere s T om 0 Jem s a n Jac 0 Mo s a ar J ohn an Cob i e T , k y , wf , ’ ” I f th i s n ew rooa d goces on th ey caan t p ay t ren t for th er l i fe .

’ “ J im 0 ec er s sa d to Ga e dar bet m i e B k i g , I lif , ’ h n If t i s ew r ooad gooes on w e s boo ath get a W ife . ’ ’ We s an d bo d t o em a n d m a e h er h earts a e ll t l ly up k t q u k , ’ s F or I kn ow if w e get th em th ey ll k eep u to l ake .

’ ’ ’ J ohn 0 Moses Sh a s sa s h e s th e m a or 0 th s t a an y y y i , I f h s r ooa d oces on ol d F ann sh a h ev a n ew aan t i g y ll g , ‘ Or on h in e h h e n fi oo r d y t g el s t at ca a a . ’ ’ ’ An h e r - i - r h r w en n r t y ll w a lk a m a m da an t i s T a d ew ooad .

’ Bi l Marsden s a m an th at b eseh t m ch ch a tt er l y u , ’ ’ He s O oas ed to th e r oo a d bu t h e s a ir on for w atter pp f , ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ So h e e tr i ed 0 t Th Horl 0 m oor a n an o t y v up , up t , P t Bu e w t a sa s h m onn o h ev it h e an s it all for h i s t ank . P ul y t y t , t

He sa s h e m on n o t ak n or a er its cooarse y t y t it lt , ’ ’ Bu t oca Board h n s i t s best s ot so th e l t ak it b fooarce L l t i k p , y l y ’ ’ An Bir w s e s m en s bin an m a ed it a l l a at t i tl pp , ’ o e S th re ll be booath r ooad a n d w a tter w ith a at ony daat .

’ o a e a n d i e are t o 0 t a H lg t L k ly p full lk , h e sa aan th i s n ew r ooad th e n ivver w i w a T y y d y ll lk , h e sa i f i ooas on i W l l l i ve ra w den a s ab T y y t g t g T t , W l n i vver o on ood r i d W il be co e ed w 1 a scab . It l y g , it l v

’ Ol d Ri coa s w i a barrow h e oo s i ood b ow p l , l k g l , ’ ’ Abaat h s n ew r ooad h e s a a s w a nti n to n ow t i ll k , He says if it goo se on h e w ill alter h i s pl an And p u t daan a co il p i t a s fast a s h e can .

’ ’ ’ h ere s on e W am M d e h e s bin ch a r m an for t Boc ard T illi i gl y i , ’ J s n a ah h e s t r n ed a ean th s r aw den n ew r ooad u t u g i T , ’ ' F or t i me is com i n on w h en h e h ev to a t g ll p y, ’ So h e s de i n all h e n o o i ca t st p t th ey say.

So n a ah to con c de a n d n ish m r m e lu fi y i . co d a m en ti on ed m oor n am es cd onl h a d im e I ul if y t , B u t th e roo ad n a ah i s ett en if ou w an t set n on l , y ti g , Yo m on oa to Bi C o h h e w e on a a m . g ll l ug , ill p y lik

a a a a aki J ohn B nni ster , of C rr V iew , spent m ny h ppy hours in m ng

a "V i rhymes on topic l subjects . hen street lighting was initiated n Tra wden it w a s thought to b e a w orthy occ a sion for a gran d procession

6 1 a t e a i o r a n d a ed of school children , free old folks , concert by the mass i l v llage choi rs in the Primitive M e thodi st Ch a pel . He thought that ce e bration c a lled for a poetic effusi onto emph a si se the advantages of having

n progressive loc a l rulers . O e of the most enthusiastic members of t h e

al a t a t l n L a w a s . a r e oc Bo rd th t time Mr H ley P illing , who invariab y livened its proceedi ngs , so he is n amed in these lines .

O W I R N A R D S OU M OTTO.

On w ard oh on w ard w e m st be r ess n , , u p i g , e er N v stan d still bu t alw ays p rogressi n g . Bett er a n d a iner ou w o d it fi nd pl y ul ,

If I coul d give n a m es I h ave in m y m i nd .

A few im r ovem en s n ow w re a e p t I ill l t , u t w h a e er do th e r h m s s a e B t v I t ut I u t t t , W h en r a w den n e w road w as o n t o be m ade T g i g ,

Mou nt a ins of obsta cles you kn ow w ere th en l a i d .

W e sh a h a e to h if w e e er con en d ll v fig t v t , S f er i n h m an w e t ry to m en d u f g u ity , F or som e W l l l obstr u ct all ever th ey can ’ Beca u se th ey ve n ot got th e m i n d of a m an .

’ Oh som e are so d l a n d can be m a de see , u l t , ’ The good i n th e futu re it s sure to be . W i n ew al l a n d W ycoll ar tr i ed w i th th eir m igh t

To stop th e n ew roa d bu t g ave up th e ligh t .

F or som e are so w eak bu t so eas11y l ed . n e m an stood an d t a n tin sa d up u gly i , h is road m s be m ade b h oo or b croo T u t , y k y k ,

You m a h ear men a to th eir w a s ou m ust oo . y t lk , y y l k

d bu t h e os as cause . A Li e p oo r i a w y , v r l t l o t l t We al l h ave t o sh are i n th e h u n dreds it cost . Al l now a re a greed an d h ave frankly conf essed Th at w ith th e ne w r oa d w e n ow a ll a r e blessed

e ed th e ra es. w e n ow can see ro It h as as t p fit , And som e can lea rn be st w h en it tou ch es th e p ocket . b th i n a l l h e w om en can te Now th e next est g t ll , Th ey h ave plen ty at h o me vsi th ou t ng t o th e w ell .

’

m w a er . on ce sed to be Come l t l . i l e so e It u , , tt s You k n ow th en it cau ed a gi ea t dea l of ch a tter . " f ra den th e w a er th e br n Bu t if to t0p o T t y i g , Th ei r p ra ises w e a l w ays W l l l endeavo ur to Sin g

w h b si ness so c Th e telegraph too it u q ui k , m r o em en s w e et t o h em w e m st s i c . Wh e n i p v t g , t u t k

o i ii th e w a . Th en th ere a re t W o l e tter b w s u I. ll No sal ti sh m o t ive h u t be n e fits for a l l

And fo r th e a bove w e a l l ough t t o p ra i se

da s . One w h o w or ke d h a rd a nd s p e n t m a ny y h i 5 u s oo d h Th en a lso th e gas w h i c giv g lig t , d n h At h o m e a n d i n m ills bo th m o r n i n g a n ig t

n end n Also th e l a mp p os ts th a t h ave lo ng p i g , ’

n . Ye a h ree o r o r e a r s na m e s ee n co n e n di . t f u y b t g s "It “ o a n a l l i is , g t th e m a t l t . i t ’ er h o sa n d i t s l o u c ru l i lN ri ce . Sixpence p t u , p

e o n h o w p l e a si d h ey w be . Th e ol d a nd th y u g . t ill h ts t o s. u Wh en th e y go ro u nd th e g as lig , o e i h te i n th I h n W t s h a l l w e Oct ber g , t i k

A be u a nd o e ne d “ i i te n . ll w ill lit p . p ll

6 2

W th in i s ch er sh ed bo n dar es i t i u i , On h i n a e or da e ill , v l l , W i h o en s of ad r a re t t k gl ptu , b t w e Ea ch ea u y sp ot h ail .

’ Tis j o for u s t o w a n der

Ben eat i ts sh a dy trees . In m oor l an d fields t o r am ble

Mid soft refresh in g breeze .

l d h r h i Th e de a r o c c . e s a e u q u t t t ly, S ands i n h er o t a ce t l f y pl , J st e som e or o s bea con u l ik gl i u , e Th i s difi ce of grace .

God b ess ou r n a e il a e l tiv v l g , E ach youth an d m a i den fa i r . Th e a ed a n d th e ch dren g il ,

T o th em n o pl a ce so r are .

F or oh wh a t o an d a n ess , j y d , . gl Each h eart sw ee m si c Sin s t u g , An d all w th sw eetes on dn ess i t f . T o good ol d T raw den cli n g

W YCOLLA R.

0h W col l ar a r W col l a i th n am e w h o w e ree y , f i y , y it j y g t,

Oh W coll ar a r W col l ar w h a i r so re and sw eet . y , f i y . it pu We love t o w an der by th e brook th at r i ples in th e breeze ; We l ove to sp en d an h our or t w o ben ea pth e sh ady trees.

W r r W ol l r w e ra se ou r e Oh co ll a a c a o c an d sin . y , f i y i v i g h W co ar a r W col l ar w e m a e th e w oodl n d rin O a s . ll , f i y k g e w il s n a h a son si n as w e i ambl e on i g ppy g , , l g .

Begon e dull ca m a n d al l p rep are to j oi n u s i n ou r song . W W coll r sw ee coll a r th e h a h o r w d . Oh a . s e s en y , t y ppy u p Oh W col l ar sw ee W col l ar th a m a es ou r eas res b end y , t y , t k pl u l , Th bea seem s for e er resh n o m att er w h ere w e ance y uty v f , gl

I n r n br oo or n e n oo m a es our ad h ea t dance . ippli g k i gl k , it k gl r

0h W coll ar a r coll ar w th e ds an d m eadow s reen y , f i y i fi l g , f r w e n W coll l ar W co a s a o o s th eme . y ll , i g j y u We s n to a th e trees an d flo w ers a nd e er bu rstin bud i g l v y g , We Si n a a n a o d h rr ah h r ah W col l ar W ood g g i l u u , u r , y

E K T H C UC OO.

’

i t a nd h ea r s an d h ear s to th e c c oo s son . L s , i , li g l t t _ u k

Bo n e bo n e on th e breeze o er th e r s i n rees. r , r , v u tl g t O er th e a e an d th e h a n d th e ane v v l ill l , s to its o o s a n d sw ee re ra i n Li t j y u t f , Si n g it aga i n to m e

S n m e b r d s n m re b rd Sin . i g y littl i , i g y p tty i , g

ar a a n h ar a ain s t o its or ous n ote . H k g i , k g , li t gl i ar h ar h ow th e floa o er th e s en moat H k , k , y t , v il t O er th e m ea dow th e e d an d th e a n v fi l pl i , s to its o o s an d sw ee re r a n Li t j y u t f i , Si n i a a i n to m e g t g , S n m t e bn d s n g m re b rd s n i g y li tl , i y p tty i , i g

T A NEW O R A O B N B B E .

’ (Wr itte n on th e m orn in g of h is ch ild s birth . )

0 h o sw ee a n d h ea enl dew dro t u t v y p , G of God sen rom a bo e ift t f v , ne to m a e h e a r s n erm n e Thi k t i t i gl ,

W ith m ore gra Ci ou s fe rve nt l ove .

64 Grea t th e ow er w h ch th o ossesseth p i u p , e ess h o h th ram e m a be H lpl t ug f y , h ere i s m o re in g ra i bo d T t y f l y,

Th an th e h u m an eye ca n see .

F or th ou art by God crea te d re o em h o a rt so a r P ci u s g t u f i , Gi s e t h ee w e a l l sh o d ch er sh ft lik ul i , m ond r h n r r More th a n di a s i c a d a e .

As w e scan th i n ea res y t y f tu , Som e n e w bea w e beh o d uty l , As som e r e u n conscmu s a c i on pu t , T h y sw eet ti ssues doth u n fold .

ea en - sen t sw ee t e roseb d H v t lit l u , Ma th bea n ever ade y y uty f , Bu t th bei n on ear h bi in b ess n y g t g l i g , Pure an d i n nocent SW Get be

h a s a w a a a Mr . J . Hartley lso ritten di lect mu sic l sketch , entitled ” L a a a t a umb L ithe , with scenes l i d Lumb L ithe farm house and in

O n r a a h a W ycoll a r woods . seve l occ si on s thi s sketch s performed locally with o u it e rem a rk a b le " C HAPT E R .

PLA CE M E S AN D D L E C W O D N A I A T R S .

A study of the pl a ce n a mes i n Tr a w den F orest ca nnot fail to recal l some of it s p a st hi story and provi de interesting m a teri al on which

m a the i mag ination y work . Someone in t h e p a st h a d a re a son for

i a a a n d m a giv ng to each place its own pecul i r n me , it y be possible to

a discover or suggest the re sons for some of these n a mes .

I t m ust not be forgotten th a t until very recent times it was t h e

a w a s a a n d w spoken word th t i mport nt n ot the ritten or printed word . N am es were a lw a ys handed dow n from f a ther to son a s S poken words

i . w a s a d not wr tten ones I f some i ndividual c reless in speech , a wor

w a s y a might be changed i f it not frequentl u sed , so that we c nnot

w i i a m v al ways tell h a t its or g n l form or me a n ing a be .

The fi rst Ordnance Su rvey m a ps of thi s district were made in

1 8 r Offi w a a n d r e 44 , when the Su vey cers , ith s ppers m iners , made a g at can i B o u l sw o rt h a n d t en p on , the names in ser ed on those maps were th

w obtai ned from the l a ndo ners or ten ants . Previous to thi s su rvey the onl y mean s of fixing the n a mes was by title deeds which might rem ai n unal tered for many ye a rs while the spoken word would ch a nge . The

a i s most gen u ine word , therefore , whether place n me or dialect word , the origin a l spoken word a n d not the w ritten w ord .

n arm The selection of n a mes given is not exhaustive . O some f s

a a ar e every field an d meadow has its own pecul i r n me , but these n ames known only by the lan dlords .

The n a me of Traw den itself h a s been the subject of much con k t u re . a . je c The learned hi storian of Craven and Wh lley , Dr Whi tta er ,

a y T ro u h de n c said it was prob bl derived from g , the hollow or ex avated

v ce rt a in t v . alley , but there i s n o for thi s derivation I n the ea rly

a a s T r o ch den e T ro u de n e T r o u den records it is v riously spelled , , , Trog

W in w a l l en T r o v e de n T r o w e de n . a a e den , , S imil rly the n me of is giv ' Va ew e l l e W n w a l l Va ew a l l a n d W v col l a r a s W icol e r as , y , , , V w s W co l l e r V kecol l a r a n d . a y , v , so on The cleri c l riters of those day

w a s b u t t h e always h a d the privilege of spelling the ords they pleased , sounds of these names h a ve prob a b ly ch a nged very little from t h e

c a n sa a a e arliest ti mes . No one y with cert inty wh t these words origin

l t w a s a b w a s e a ally described . called forest ecau se it fi rst u s d as

66 l z a I t hunting forest by the lord of t c m nor . h a s a lw a ys consisted of mixed gra ssl a nds a n d w oods a n d n ever been a completely w o oded district .

D ee r st o n e s D ee r st o n e s S t a h o l e n o w The , Moor g ( called Seg

t e l l d a o n e a hole) , Cathole Clough , us of hunt ing ys thous n d years ago .

a a a a u ? What were the deeds th t m de these pl ces f mo s Carry Heys ,

a a m the edge of the m rshy pl ce ; Prospect House , the ha let

h i l a r a a with La r k l ne to i t ; B cksi de F rm , on the sl ope away from

a Colne ; the Moss , Meadow Bottom s , N ze End , Midge Hole , Green

Al d e r h u r st a n d A l der b a r r o w a n d a b a nk ; , the hill the b rrow near the

Oa ke nb a n k Gil l fo r d - ) alder trees ; , The Rough , Great H ill , lough , Thorn

a l l . Edge , suggest their origi n long ago

S t u n st ea d a i an d , the farm or holding ne r the stones , i s descr p tive appropriate b eca use the best qu a rries h a ve a lw a ys been there or on the

W in ew a l l a b u t 1 08 same ridge in h mlet itself , i n 5 there was a Dunt

a bouste a d which m a y b e the origin a l n me . The peculiar name of Lan e

La n e h o u se a a a house or L ne , one of the most im port nt ro ds i n Trawden ,

1 6 0 a al a s a ca ll s for notice . I n 7 L ne occurs one a pl ce name where

a a w a s an Widow H rtley lived . Prob bly there some import t house in

a the Lane b etween Tr wden and the Upper Town . Then as houses

b a w a s La n e h o u se a n d were built , it ec me kno n , qu ite recently the

longer n a me h a s been a dopted .

The n a mes of H ollin H a ll a n d Antley m a y have been given by

a l n a r the earliest settlers . who c me there from Ho lings and A tley ne

a C u n l iffe s Cu nl i fi e Accrington , bout the time that the of Hollings and t W l settled a yco l a r Hall .

Above Hollin H a ll the outlying cott a ges an d farm houses form

’ H il an w . a o t he Upper To n I n thi s are , Th , or Hoyle , formed import

a n t a in a a a 1 00 n ow h mlet i tself , h ving popul tion of over soul s , whereas

it consists of only two fa rmhouses .

The m a in hamlet must al w a ys h a ve been from Tra w den Hal l

510 a a w along the pi ng groun d still c lled Tr den H ill , to the bottom , which

w a w a s the Tow n G a te Bottom . Thi s s on the chief highway to Colne

w a a through w hich most of the tra de ould n tur lly p a ss .

w a s w a s Church Street , so called si nce the church built , formerly

’

a b a b a w a s . o n e of Sm ithy L ne , ec use the l cksmith s shop there Thi s is

6 7 t o be i n a e d in 1 1 0 a s t h e i w t he oldes r ads , g n m 5 . h gh roa d be t ee n Em m u t

Brig and S he l fie ld .

o i T o w n g i te t n S m i t h v a w a s a c La j ni ng the L ne B k ne . eviden tl y

i s a later ro a d a n d end ing n Clogg Hea d Be l o w th e se h o us e s come “ t h e e b v o n e o f t h e M id l e v s o f S t u n st g ea d l . st re ts . bu ilt H a l T o p

h , l t re w a s o ld co m ll L Street i s the ighest M il S et opposi te t he m i , o w

e t a io o t h e a a w h i e St re is depress n fr m m in ro d . le Chapel St re t co n ta i n s t he h o u se s i n wh ich bo t h a n d Pri m i ti ve Met ho d i st s he ld t he ir in it i a l co ttage se rv ice s .

Dial ct ‘Vor e ds .

Dial ec t s h a ve o ft en b een rega rded a s vulga r c orr u pt ions o f th e

n m t h s a a h a a e o . E ngl i sh l gu g e , i m ist k n n t i on few people

o o r t u n it v a t o a o r w b o i had t he pp of le rn i ng re d rite . o k Engl sh w as unkn ow n a n d t h e g e n ui n e l oc a l l a ngu a ge w a s a sepa rat e a n d di st inct

‘ u a o r1 5 t t o r tong e h nded down fr paren s chi ld en . generat ion after gen era

i w a i n r : ~n u n i t i n v c a o o a a r v . t on . ith l ittle ch nge p or exten s i n of oc b ul

Ow ing to i t s secl usi on Tra wden has retai n ed many s u rvi val s of a n a e e al u n o w r y r e rlier s p c h which , tho gh obsolete , were fo merl rega ded

s w a s c u rrent l it e ra r v E ngl i h . This a s i mpres sed on me d u r in g a cour se

st u d v a t a s oe L r of Bi rmi ngh m Univer ity , of the p m s of aw en ce Minot , who lived abou t T h ev are difficu lt to rea d b eca u se of t h e n u mber

h v n of ob solete words t e con t . in . Recogni sing ma y of them as dial ect

a o l t a n d d l s w i words . I m ade l ng i s han de i t to t he Eng i sh P rofe sor th a n ote t h a t these were st ill livi n g w ords in frequent use in mv n a ti ve " " O n u c c l . ce vi lage when I sed the word m i re un on s i ou sly , my com

a sa r a s i ca l l v w t I w a s t n b e a e i an p n ion asked me r t he her ing to Sh kesp ar ,

w al S c r i t u a i a n . en p or ped tic Th i s ord , however , i s the usu Trawd w r o rd fo mud .

Not v e r v lon g ago o l d pe o ple u se d m a n v g utt u ral sou n ds in their

cr " i m d o o a w a . e u , e c e . . n . , . s pe h , g , rough m , fought ugh frig ten d no ght

g i v ii n m h t . t o h ee o e . a l . g g

“ n f i w h t h e al n a s t w a s so . T e tur sou d , i n g ht ftened t o t ho t

m il a r l v n be a e a a n d t h e m o d m h u t . S i , to ern for of t o g h roche . c m r ked a n d t hen t e a c ti ed

w h i a r e ll w e i n a la rg e n um b er of word s ch spe ed ith two vow l s .

s b t a re m o d ern En g li sh h a dropped one vowel soun d , but o h soun ds

68 '

bV a . b a given in full the di lect Th us read is now c lled bred , b u t the

t b r eea d a n d a w a dialec word i s , in similar y the full phonetic sounds

i n a a a a a a re v , , , , , a v given to e ery letter pe r de d de th fe st be n le e , lead ,

a a a n d . he d . dre m , groan , so on

w a a I n the ord pe r , t he cu rrent pronunci ti on in northern a n d

w h southern Engl a n d sho s t e s a me d i fference .

m r a a a r e a e . . There m correct gram mat ic l su rviv ls , g , Ar ta , ” “ h a . I n a for Art t ou i s not corruption the verb To find , ten se

h a s fa n i s retained which been dropped in modern Engli sh ; find , fun , ,

m . i n stead of si ply find , found

The m a j ority of real di a lect w ords a re survival s of Anglo - S a xon

n a n d a d M iddle English speech , occur frequently in t he poem s of Spen ser “ ” “ ca w f - a n d Ch a ucer . The former poet u ses bot h a lick an d a cat " h n a r s o o e e . wesh . Reck , , and een still Dutch and I celandic words

“ “ T a - d a a n d v i s the sound given to y for tea in m odern French , i t

’ w a s so c a lled i n London i n Queen Anne s time ; i n W i n ew a l l they call it

“ ” “ ” t h e a t e ea h r tey , i n Cowling y c ll it , while i n most other places the

“ c a ll it t e e .

N a u a e c w r d s a be a s v di l t o h ve en lost the older people depart , b a t h e r s a l a ec u se younge one h ve never e rnt them . To preserve them

y f d a w I a e a a a o . . a h v m de dict i on r i lect ords M r Barth . H rtley , of

e d m e Coln , kindly helpe with h i s collection of dialect words , and when in dou b t of t h e sound or me a n i ng of an uncom mon word received from a nother s ource I h a ve a l w a v s been a ble to refer to the m atu re opinion

B Ol d a a a a . b s of mv f ther , D vid nn ister people h ve een a toni shed

y a a w w frequentl to le rn th t some ord, hich they kn ew very well w a s

w v o u n c r w h o a u nkno n to t he g folk lso spoke t he dialect . The words g i ven belo w a re o n l v s uch a s seem to me old expressive words that

a a o f h ve lmost gone out use now , or have some peculiar meaning .

A a it h e r d s a n dcl a a t g , going with someone for company ; , towel ;

a s s a a ba cko , shes ; assoil , ashpit or dustbi n ; addle , earn ; , behind ; ai r

a a sk e r d a ft e r in s a n ut , e rthnut or pign ut ; , a water newt ; , the l st milk

Ai n t t e r r a c o w l se a c o . from ; , Al ice ; p , spider

B a a h c n a a , going ; to bi g , to b uild ; beel , cup h ndle ; benk , stone

a e a w t a sl b ; bield , shelter ; a blow , a feast ; booses , cow stall s ; br ss ,

y b b r ec a d l a t h e a a a a mone ; uffet , stool ; f ke , r ck for o tc ke ne r the ceil

69 h u b a a b i ng ; to p , to dri nk (children) ; ull spin k , dr gon fly ; elly , stom ach

b co w a a b a or abdomen ; eest , the fi rst milk given by a fter c lving ; ngs ,

b a a a w b a surpasses ; r t , pron ; b nd , t i ne ; better end , the gentry ; ck end , a a w a b a a n d a a t a utumn ; h k , e m lso to shout loudly ; b um y, herb drink ;

a b a a biting on , lunch ; to give ell tinker , good th r shing ; bobby dazzler ,

sh o w v b o w t b a a b v a b a b a very fine or ; re d , m de ker ; odle , coi n worth h a l f a fa rthi ng .

a a a b c a a e r w a b C nt , cheerful or c p le ; to , to sit do n ; to cl m , to e w c o o a k e n a cl a a t r a ithout food ; to , to vom i t ; c pt , surpri sed ; , g or bl ow ; c r o o it in a ca w f a r a w g , compl in ing ; l i ck , f ont tu ft of h i r that ont lie

fit ca t w a a t w a a a esh , pretence shing ; cob , to th row or lump in a cr ck , i n st a n t l v a C a a ; to cruddle , to coll pse ; h ney boned , delicately built ; c ter

a c r ee a se a . corners , cross corners of a squ re ; , me sles

a a a d a kc r a d a a h n w D rter , sm rt one ; hen , corn cr ke ; to a arp ,

dir t v ° dit h e r in de e a d to fini sh it ; dicht , , shivering ; hoss , worki ng for

a h a s b a a wh t een paid i n dvance ; dollop , qu ntity ; donned , dressed ;

f . do fed , undressed

E a n d e ve a n d b w r e ea se w . c een , eyes ; el o g , hard ork

a a fla a a co w a r dl v a F i n , gl dly ; y, frighten ; f l , ugly or ; fire r hm ,

fce r fu l flu m m o x t m a ntelpiece ; fettle , to put in order ; , very ; , puzzled or

ai e x a c t l v a . upset ; to fox , t o preten d ; f r l i ke , s imil r

Ga w m l e s s a l l a c e s b a e r ss a s a m b a , fooli sh ; g , r ces ; g , gr s ; g , r ve

a a t h v w a v a b w s ; a or fun ; g ng t hi g i t , go ; gr dely , good ; guts , o el g wm ,

s a n a w a s s a a w a a a to under t nd ; gi nnel , rro p ge ; good y, long di st nce ;

a l e a a . a g mmy g , l me leg

h a c r s in a s h a n d kit c h e r a H oo , she ; , h rve ting ; , h ndkerch ief ;

a s a h a v e v c a v e v u a y , h a ppen , perh ps ; , n ste d ; host , cough ; hid ing t hr h

h in m o n e b ee h o n e v b e e b u s , s a i ng ; hummer , ; huggi n , h i p ; g c ttering y

a a b r e e a d o a i c a kc . b roa dc st ; h ver ,

‘ i s o r r v i t t c rc d c o v c r c d ( o n e t o b a y a m a d , off , ; , ; ill , dl u sed ; g

a w m b s l o o en s t o w o ; a b a d tem per ; j , u pright stones ; j o l , to kn ck to

a w u n e a t t id v a f , a t ; . j oss , t o push ; J mp , or ; j if y short i me to j rt t o thro

wi t h a j erk .

o t w c u ; K a fll c t i ; t i , t ; t , i , g ve up ki l ng ki ten kink hos hoop ng o gh

l c l a i s s s a a “ a l l a n d c o , a l k it t l c t li c r sm , ; , , gg , ickle ; Ch ri tm s k ke me n

70

’ a sh o oen i to si pe , to drain ; to stick , to st b ; , shoes or boots ; soas , t o

r scold ; snod , smoot h ; sta ving never mean s hungry but very cold ; t o b e a set up , to be ple sed ; to stun on , to depend on ; a shut , a win dow

’ a sl ee a t s sh ; , to set dogs on ; on t strap, credit ; to scutter , to run ; ' i t o sh o o sucked i n , deceived ; to be slippy , to be qu ck ; hens , to drive

sida t ion a a an a a k them ; , cle r ce ; a si s , sn c ; spelk , splint of wood ; to

a rt stut , to st mmer ; sh ive , sl ice ; to sken , to s quint ; sn ig , eel ; shi y ,

a d sa l l it al st t h er a sh in ked b tempered ; , s ad ; y , r ther ; , cleaned out of

a a . m rbles ; swither , to b urn gr ss

t a The word is generally used for the second person singular , “ ” a a b nomin tive c se , and thee for the corresp ondi ng o jective case , “ ” a lthough v a a i s consi dered to be more respectful to the person a d

’ dressed . To tine i s to shut , so tine t door to , means shut the door ;

a t h r e e a a e t en , taken p , to rgue ; teem , to pour ; to thin k on , to rememb r ;

a b b a t o o en th r ng , usy ; to tup , to um p ; thible , porridge stick ; awf , the

a a one h lf ; thin , drip , gr vy , or meat j uice ; as near as a toucher , as near

a a s possible ; thick , friendly ; t itiv te , to dress up ; two double , bent

t h oil a t ol l ol doub le ; c a nnot , c nnot bear ; , butterfly ; to tipe , to strike a ball , etc .

“ The vo w el u i s a pure vowel sound in the dialect i n m a ny

a s ords such su re , use , picture , although it has been corrupted in

U r ch a n t t . m u de r n Engl i sh . , hedgehog ; to up end , to rear ver ically

VV n l e v a a w a n l e v w a m l e a w h e o t e , ne rly or lmost ; g or y, we k ,

it sh o d w e t fo o t e d w a a w a s hot ; w , ; ugh , t steless ; in the dialect i s never

a t i a l l w h " b u t w w r a m m c v ; o , ; u sed , ere , h ich i s often g incorrect u ntil

w i sh in o ff a y w w i nter edge , clothes horse ; , cushion ; weel , we lth ; hick ,

w w w a rt e a d a l i ving ; to hi te , to cut ; to ear , to spend ; y, working y ;

a e aw t w ick things , in sects ; wr ng side , ill tempered ; wark meant ache ,

xva r k a a . a s i n tooth , he d w rk , etc

O I H A P C T ER "".

W YCOLLA R A N D T H E CUN LI F F ES .

a a w a a W l l No p rt of Tr den Forest i s more popul r th n th a t of yco a r . The river a n d roa d windi ng from the high moorl a nd a long the secluded v a lley to the rich er meadow l a nds below a ttra ct m any people on e v e r v

’ a hol id a y in the yea r . The qu int pack horses b ridge below the ruined

a C u n l iffe s a a h ll of the , the stone footbri dge opposi te the h ll , the sever l

a l l a a a svl v a n b a rustic b ridges higher up , enh nce the n tur l e uty of the

a a n a valley . The rui ned h unted hall d the tr dition s of the cock fighting

Cunli ffe squi res provide rom a ntic possi bil i ties for the i m a gi n a tive w ri ter

' a n d t w o fa mous novel i sts h a ve al re a dy t a ken adv a nt a ge of these possi “ ” b il it ie s a B a i n thei r books . Ch rlotte ronte i n J a ne Evre i s s i d to h a ve

V l l r n a u sed c o a Hall a s the T h o r fie l d H a ll of her story . H lliwell Sutcl i ffe h a s mentioned W ycol l a r a n d the C u n l iffe s i n severa l of hi s novel s .

Like the other h a mlets of Tra wden a n d W in ew a l l it w a s i n the first pl a ce a hunting forest a n d then a c a ttle rearing di strict or vaccary

w a i n ch a rge of co herds . I n the ye rly return s of the rents for herb a ge

1 2 a 1 . d . w a s in 4 3 , it i s st ted that £5 3 s 4 received from Geoffrey de H e r t l ey a n d Robert de H er t l ey for f a rm of the grass of Ov e r w ycol u r an d - w v col u r v a cca r ie s b v a 1 0 Nether , demi sed to them the stew rd for

a l l v a . w a s I OS . e u a . ye rs , th i s fifth ve r The old rent £4 , q i n two titles

I n the survey of the forests previous to t he dis a fforestation i n

1 0 a v a cca r ie s Ov erw co l u r a n d 5 7 , t here i s record of the of y Nether w i l r a a u t a co e th t l te were in farm a t £4 1 3 s . 4d . b now letten to f rm to

P e r s H er t l e a n d a a P iers F oldes , y y the elder , other ol d f rmers of the s me

a w i r 6 b e eb 2 6 s 8 . for £ y ye r y it i s improved yearly . d

Al so there is a waste ground c a lled Em o t t e s M oor in the F orest

a w a t a n d ev e r v m a n a t r e h of Tr wden , hich paid th is day nothing dep s u t

a w w a u a T o w n el e an d it th t ill , hich w ste gro n d i s granted to L urence y to

Ra u ff A sk u e b a n d a e a r l v y copy of Court Roll , they do p y therefore y for

w evermore t enty shillings .

1 2 a W co l l a r w I n 5 7 there were six ten nts i n y , four of hom had the

r e a y n a d . su nam of H rtle one of Emmott , one of Foldes

1 66 2 a b n a a b I n , there were seven ten nts , the fi rst ei g n med Eliz eth

73 f w ido w e w W in e w a l l a a a a r e Cunli fe , , hile two of the ten nts of th t ye r s a i d to h a ve J ohn Cunliffe l a nd .

E L T H C U N I F F E S .

The present spelli ng of th i s n a me w a s settled a b out the time o f

a e s I b u t a a b J m st , the n me i s of S xon origi n , ei ng derived from Cun or

a a t a n d . a a a a Con , me n ing to give or gr n , l ife Tr di tion s vs that S xon “ a a a a prince gr n ted l nds to one of hi s followers s ying , I cun you th is l n d ” to l ive or support v o u r se l f w ith . This l a nd w a s i n the hundred a n d

a r a b r w a n d p i sh of Bl ck u n , in the to nsh ips of Billington , R ushton , Har

a w a n f w ood . Ne r B illi ngton bet een Hollings d i s Cunli fe

i a f H ouse a n d Cunl iffe Moor s ne a r . The f m ily suf ered from the

a a a n d a b u t t h e a i nv s i on s of D nes Norm ns , most of all from w rs of York

’ h a VI I . t s a a n d L a nc a ster . I n Hen ry time they m ortg ged the est te to

' “f a l m e sl e v a n d coul d not redeem the Cunli ff e est a te so they settled

a a t Hollings . From then the pedigree i s cle r . I n the time of Ch a rles

t h e v w a a a a I . ere fi rst on the side of the P rl i ment ri n s , then on t he s ide

R o v a l ist s y w a n d a . of the , so t he ere plundered thei r est te sequestered

h a d b e a n d fa m il v W co l l a r a a n H olli ngs to sold the removed to y H ll ,

esta te which h a d co m e to them b v a m a rri a ge w ith the H a rt l ev of

' “f members of t h e fa mil y of H a rtley of H a r t l ev ne a r li a l l ey.

H a ll i s s a i d to h a ve been built b v Piers H a rtley i n 1 550 .

The \c oll a r C u n l iffe s w ere the descend a nts of the eldest son of

the J ohn Cunl i ffe of H oll ings w h o m a rried the hei ress H a rtley . F rom

v n r C u n l iffe s a a o u ge son descen d the of Acton P rk , the h m ost i mport a n t l iv ing representatives . T i s younger son , Ellis , fi rst

a W a r b u t a w a a a took the Roy l i st s i de i n the Civi l , fter rds the P rliament ry

f B a r t a 1 0 a n d w a s side . Si r R . A . Cunl i fe , , of Acton P rk , died i n 9 5, i f a h is t o r ia n v . . . succeeded b h i s eldest son , M r F oster E H Cunl i fe , of

the l a st B oer W a r .

f The C u n l iffe s l i v ed i n “ yco l l a r for fou r genera tion s a s country

sq u i re s noted for thei r reckless horsem a n shi p a n d cock fighti ng prope n

T h e a a n d s i tie s . t r dit ion s of thei r reckless riding up down the stairs ’ t a a a n d w b I e n dl e , o the H ll , through t he v lley , do n t he reast of Hill led

a n d n a t u r a l l v to the legend of t he spectre horsem a n given in H a rl a nd ' “ O n e a a W ilki nson s Tr a ditions of L a nc a shi re . of them i s s id t o h ve

a a w h e w a s been so fond of cock fighting th t on hi s de th bed , hen too

bed a a a h a d a , feeble to r i se hi s he d , he mi rrors pl ced round hi s so th t

74 he m ight see hi s fa vou rite bi rds fight in his b edroom so long as h e

breathed .

The l a st Hen ry Cunliffe of W yco l l a r was succeeded by hi s nephew c r v Owen w h o took the n a me of Cunli ffe w hen he succeeded to the

Vc o ll a r estate .

Hen ry Owen Cunli ffe h a d a good education a t Bolton Abbey and

- a t O . w a s t w e n t v a a e xford Hi s uncle , who died when he two ye rs of g ,

h a d left direction s th a t he should come of age when t w e nt v - fi v e ye a rs

b u t imm edia t l v a a t W ll a r e co . old , he ssumed the position of squi re y He

w a s a a a a endowed with fine generou s ch racter , an d gre t bilities , but

a h a a a a a a a t un fortun tely d contr cted extr v g nt h bits while college .

a a a n d He modernised the Hall , m de extensive beaut iful g rden s

a n d a b a n d grounds , through keeping num er of horses , sporting , l iving

r a a a . a ext v g ntly , hi s expend iture soon exceeded hi s i ncome To i ncre se his resources he commenced to work a coll iery a n d limekiln s on h is

a b u t u . a est te , on both vent res he lost money Ag in seeking to retrieve

02 W co l l a r a n d a r e t u r n ed t h e n ce h i s fortune , in (9 , he left y i n later ye rs

w a a w a t only t ice ve r for rents and for grouse shoot ing , h ile he lived

“

a a w . a Ch pel House on the Wh rfe , in Craven , hich he rented At H rd

a a a a a c stle , near P teley Bridge , ten m iles w y , he le sed the Providence

y I w a s a b e w . t lead m ine which s i d to ver rich in ore , and orked it mu st h a ve been very rich beca use he w a s a wa rded from litiga t ion

w it h a neighb ouring mine owner .

a w a s n l a w v e r s a I t i s reported th t he plu dered by , gents , and

m o n e a n d a a t y lenders , that he borrowed thous nds of pounds the high

a w a s a r te of ten per cent . The income left to hi m by his uncle bout

00 a b u t a a a n d a i n a £ 7 per ye r , by dd itional purch ses the incre se v lue of

a a w a s a . h i s l nds , the rent l rai sed to per ye r

Hen ry Owen Cunliffe corresponded w ith Si r Foster Cunli ffe of

a n a n d a o f Acton P rk , respecti g thei r pedigree was godf ther to one ' S i r

’ ’

l i i . . C u n ff a C u n l ffe s F e s sons . He lso supplied the h istory of the to Mr

a M thew Gregson of Liverpool , who copied most of the M . S . S . into hi s “ ” “ a a s — W co l l a r a F ragments of the D—uchy of Lanc ster , follows y H ll w a s built a bout 1 550 1 560 a n d is a spa ci ous w ell - b uilt house of curi ous

freestone wi th the outer a n d partition w a lls a va rd in thickness . The

a a n a a a a rch h ll is dmir ble specimen of Gothic rchitecture , the for the

a b a n d b o fi repl ces , the cove eh i nd , stone enches round it , supp rted upon

7 5 b a l l b fields , ein g of one p iece , i s con sidered as eaut i ful antique m a sonr y , a h h a n d i n go o d preserv tion . I t a s t e reput a tion of being the most

n a a f a cien t h ll in thi s p rt o the country . I t comm a n ds a good exten t

a a a s w a s of l nd i n dom i n , ell in good farm s . Here the fa m ily of Cunli ffe h a s a n i n a n d w rem i ed quiet reti rement , con tent i th the possessions Pro

v id e n ce h a s a , a n d n llotted to them seldom goi g out into the world .

a l y a e a a n d d a t U su l they f rm d their own l nds con sume the produce home .

O u r a ncestors h a ve been fortun a te in m a r r v i n g good fortunes a n d

r a s w a i a i , t w he esses ell as i n m rrying the r d ugh ers ith good houses , ‘ w u 00 00 a a s a i th fort nes of £3 to £5 piece we h ve vouchers to show .

Th a t they w ere w ell respected is proved b v thei r being so con

’ ’ t in u a l l v m a de gu a rdian s to the gentlemen s a n d v e o m en s fa m ilies i n t he nei ghb ourhood .

\t Vc o ll a r H a ll t h e v usu a lly kept open hou se for the twelve d a ys

a w a t Ch rist mas . Thei r entert inment a s i n a l a rge h a ll of curious a a w a t a b fu r m e n t v n e w shl r ork , l ong le , plenty of , like milk i n the B n a w a . a n d a w a fa t m orni g , m de of hu sked he t o iled ro st beef , ith goose

w y b a n d a . w a s a a puddi ng , ith plent of g ood eer for di nner There lso

- a t u r d w b n s w y o u n round bou fire s roun ed i th stone e che , here the g folk

I n t s a t a n d cr a cked nu ts a n d d iverted themselves . h i s m a nner the son s a n d a w it h o m daughters got m tchin g going much from h ome .

I n t h e rece s ses a b ove the a r ch o f one of the doorw a ys le a ding to the kitchen a n d b a c k premi ses a r e t w o sm a ll sh ields h a ving the date

1 596 cu t i n them .

a s y O u w a s The l st qu i re , Hen r wen C nli ffe , the eldest son of

O w e fi a n d a a a t- a n d a b u t h a d Joseph n of Shef eld , S r h Sc gill , he m rried , no O t h . w a s a a chi ldren H i s next brother C pt in J oseph wen , of the 77

a a n d w a s n a a Regiment , who never m rried k illed whe le ding storm i ng

a y a t a a a 1 d a p rt the s iege of Seri ng p t m in 799 , so t he escendants of Ch rles t he thi rd son of Joseph Owen now represent the elder bra nch of the

O n e a a i a . C u n l ffc s through the fem le line of his d ughters , Mi ss M ry

v f n d b a s . O . a O a b . Cunliffe wen , was dopted M r H Cunl i fe rought up

W l a a VVh a r fe d a l e hei ress a t yc o l a r . When the le se of Ch pel House in

t h e v \c a a a n d a f expired , returned t o oll r H ll there the l st S quire Cunli f e d i ed in 1 8 1 8 .

a a w i s I n Colne Chu rch there is a b r ss pl te on hich written , Here

76 O ff \V c l l a r lieth the body of Henry wen Cunli e , of y o H a ll . Died 8t h ” 8 1 8 b 1 . 66 a . Novem er , Aged ye rs

A h a t c h m e n wi th the Cunliffe arm s h a ngs on the w a ll of the ch a ncel on t he north side .

After his dea th hi s wife a n d n iece w ere obl iged to le a ve W yco l l a r a s a a a they could n ot fford to keep up the necess ry est bl i shment . M r .

“

. f h a O . d a H Cunli fe spent much money on the pl ce , moderni sing p a rt

a a a a w a a n of the H ll , m king l rge g rdens , ith pond d greenhouse b eyond

a b a n d a a a w a s the st les , l rgely incre sing the st bling as he very fond of rid ing a n d driving . Down t he S t e ep ro a d from the m oor he used to

h a drive a four i n h a nd . He d also lost much money th rough min ing a n d other pecul a tion s an d h a d been compelled to mortga ge h i s est a tes

y a be ond th e i r v lue .

a w The fi rst mortg gee a s the Rev . John Oldh a m the husb an d of

’ w w h o a t a h i s ife s s i ster , foreclosed but never came to live the h ll nor let

w it to a nyone el se . The house an d groun ds ere gr a d u a l l v a llowed to

h a a fa ll i nto a ruinou s st a te . He d sever l offers for the pl a ce b u t would

. b a O . n ot sell Two rothers of Miss M ry Cunliffe wen , Captain C Cun l iff w n N . 1 8 a d . O w h e O R . o h a d a en , , i n 55, M r Joseph wen , become

a a w a W y c ol l a r prosperous merch nt of Copenh gen , i shed to purch se , but

w Mr . Oldh a m ould not en tert a in thei r offers .

On a w a s fo r m e r l v t he side opposi te to the ro d , the rising ground covered with trees which he allow ed to b e cut dow n and sold . F rom

a n d a n d the Hall itself he sold the doors win dows , the roof ti mber , and every k ind of v a lu a ble m a terial . As st a ted i n a previous chapter of th i s

m y a a a a a a b h i story , grandf ther purch sed l rge qu ntity of materi l to uild t h e a a a t a a a a cotton f ctory of Sc r Top , Tr wden , the entr nce h ll , h unted

a b a b a a a a n d a ch m er ove it , the m ssive stone g te pill rs , quantity of the

a a w a a orn ment l stone ork . Thi s r pidly h stened the decay of the neglected b f a uilding but even yet , su fici ent remain s to m ke it the most interesting r rui n in this neighb ou hood .

d 1 8 1 . . a a n M rs Cunli ffe retired to Chelten h m , died there i n 3 M i ss

a f Ow a t a a a b 1 8 . M ry Cunli fe en died Gre t Shelford , ne r C m ri dge , in 79

' I n 1 8 8 W co l l a r a a t La n e sh aw b r id e 5 , y est te with others g , Wine

a w ll and Colne were sold by aucti on .

8 2 O 1 a a . . I n 7 , M j or Gener l C H wen , of the Royal A rti llery , worked

77 o u t f a W col l a r a n d a n w t he Cunl i fe ncestral t ree , vi sited y district , d rote a b a a w 1 88 ooklet for priv te circul tion , h ich he revi sed in 7 . I n thi s “ b a kin dl v b a a pu l ic t i on , lent me y the l st owner , he s ys , Formerly there

u a s a a 00 0 0 \c a y a popul tion of 3 to 4 people in oll r , people mostl eng ged

a w a b u t t h e a a y a i n h ndloom e v ing , doption of m ch i ner ruined the tr d e

a n d a r e n o w o n l v a b 60 0 a n d a s t here out to 7 people m ny em pty hou es . Enough i s le ft of t h e exteri or of the H a ll to show th a t it mu st formerl y

a b a a b a n d w a h ve een com fort le , pi cturesque some h t i m pos ing house

s a n o f w a v a b u t a w w for uch out t he pl ce , roof , gl ss from indo s , doors,

r fl o s n a n d w o w a b . a o , cei li g other o d ork h ve een removed The gr n d o l d fi repl a ce i s st i l l i nt a ct b u t the remov a l of the fine porch has al so s a dl y

s w h a t w di o f . s o fi g ured t he front the house The porch , hich storeys

a n d proj ected from the front w a ll of the H a ll w a s removed s ome y e a rs

w a g o a n d is n o w o u il t a ga i nst a sm a ll fa ct o r v in the vill a ge of Tra den .

The doo r w a y i s n o w filled up b v a w indow a n d a b ove i s a b a v w i ndow

w hi ch w ould fo r m e r l v h a ve b een on the s a me fl oor a s t he store y over the " o l d h a ll .

The coa t o f a rm s of the C u n l iffe s of Holl ing s a n d con

i s s ted of th ree h a res on a sh iel d .

' F oster s Le a p i s t h e n a me given t o t w o huge b oulders n ine

e a a a n d a b a a u o n e f et p rt , i s so c lled ec use Foster Cunliffe j mped from

a , t he other .

R T H E L E G E N D S OF W YCOL LA H A L L .

As t he H a ll s tood m a ssi v e a n d l o n e h a n d empty for over t w e n t v

f w a s a w a a b e a a a y e a r s be ore i t d i sm ntled , i t ould n tu r lly fe rsome pl ce

a a a n d a t o t h e t im i d w h o p ssed on t he long d rk n ights , t he excited f ncy

s i T h i a C u n l ffe s . e w o uld e a si l y repeople i t w ith t he p . . i s of t he dep rted b n d a a a . l e g e nd s cent re round the stori e s of a spectre horsem a n a l ck l dy ”

w b . I n t h e Ann a ls of Colne the former is ell descri ed Dressed i n

a a s c e a r b a r b a fi re a s s , a n i nt g , on ho se re t hi ng out , he d he up t he ro d cro s

w b o a t t h e a ma h i s w a y t h e n a rro ridge , d i sm unt s t he door of H ll , kes

t a o a k s a s a up h e b ro d t i r , int o one o f the room s from whence dre dful b h o rt l a . s t re a ms a s i f from a w om a n a re s v he rd These soon su side

a a t a nd ga o ff . i nt o groa ns a ft e r w hich he re ppe rs , moun s h i s horse llops

a . T h i s h a ppen s a nnu a ll y on t he d a rkest a n d stormi est night of t he ye r a H e i s doomed t o pa y thi s vi sit bec a use he mu rdered hi s wi fe in th t

( ) n a i fe w . r u n "“ du ri ng h is e a r t h l v exi stence . such n ght peo ple venture

78

"I I C HA PT E R .

T H E OU D AM LY OF A W D E HA LL F L S F I T R N .

a a a n T he m ost i mport n t f m ily in Tr wde itself , and the only f a mily of wh ich a long con secut ive record can be traced i s th at of Foulds

n w a n d o f a . Pill i g , Tr den H all The founder of the family , and probably “ ” b a w a l e m a r e a e t he u i lder of Tr den H ll , or g hou se , seem s to have b ff F fo l de s R een Geo rey , who i s men ti oned in the Court olls from 1 51 3 o t 1 68 . h a d a B e a r d sh a w 5 He i mport n t holdi ngs i n Booth , occupied t h e n a y a n d a a e posit io of gre ve frequentl , must h ve l ived to a good old g , a t a y a b a w a s a le st 7 5 e rs , ec use no one first dmitted as a copyholder

e 1 st y u nt il hi s b i rthd a .

. . a R S P illing , Esq . , rchitect , of Colne , possesses documents

a 1 e m a n a n d a d ted 555 r ferring to thi s , lso to hi s son and hei r , James

s w b 1 86 a s a F ould , in h ich he i s descri ed in 5 the l te deceased .

There must h a ve been a close rel a tion ship between this fam ily

’ a n d fa m il v a B u r n l e v b a a the Foulds of D nes H ou se , , ec use each had v e r v a a r a a si mil r co t of a ms . After consider b le rese rch the ancestral

a h a b s b . . tree of the Trawden f mily een con structed y W A Pilling ,

E sq . , of Colne .

A cu ri ous f e a ture of thi s record i s t hat e a ch m a le holder of the

a w a s a . a est te , it hout excepti on , named J mes J mes succeeds James w a a n d w ithout v r i ati on , even hen the fi rst Pill i ng enters into possessi on , he i s a J a mes Pilling w h o mu st a dopt the surn a me of F oulds a n d hence

w a . b forth be kno n as J mes Pilling Foulds H is younger rother , who

a a followed him , n med hi s eldest son J mes Pi lling , whilst the posthumou s

t n w a . e a . a s a son of J mes P F oulds l so n med J ames I n all , nine or h d a t a a . a a a hei rs h ve h i s Chr i sti n n me U su lly they m rried late in life ,

a n d a a e . y few children , l ived to ripe old g Hence the seem to have gr a du a lly b uilt up a gre a t esta te wh ich reached i t s m a xi mum i n the

’

a a F o u l d s s M a 1 8 1 . h nds of the l st of the , iss M rv Foulds , who died in 7

Severa l of t h e ea rl ier mem bers left \Vill s w h ich were proved a n d

a e recorded , and the preludes to these documents show rem rkable stat

“ a t h e ments of religiou s feel ing . Thus , I n the n me of God , Amen , in

a a n d i t h ve a r of ou r Lord a t hous nd five h undred four score four , the 3

O b b e a l l a F o u l ds o f en of cto er , it known unto men that I J mes Trawd

a a a b d in the County of L nc ster , yeom n , eing whole in mind , of goo and

80 m a be perfect re embrance , th nks to Almighty God , sick in body and

e e p rceiving that death to all men i s m st sure , and the hour a n d time thereof most uncertain , and that many men do die no will by them made , whereby thei r wife and children be oftentimes unprovi ded for ,

a a thei r debts unp id , their friends set at vari nce and discord , these and ma ny other cases me moving do make thi s my l a st Will containing

l a st T e st a m en t therein my , the fi rst I do give and bequeath my soul unto

M a a n d Alm ighty God , my ker Redeemer , by the merits of whose death a n d a b e a n d b p ssion I do believe to saved , my ody to be buried in the

a a P ri sh Church or Ch pel of Colne . Thi s Will was proved in the C ' h . 1 1 t 1 8 . Consistory ourt at Chester by J enette hi s relict on Nov , 5 4

- O n e a w a s - third of his est te settled on hi s son , James Foulds , one thi rd

w a n d a h a d b e on hi s i fe , Jenette , the rem in ing th ird to shared by hi s

a a a t a 0 w b e five d ughters , e ch of whom must have le st £4 , hich would

a a consi der ble sum in those d a ys . He names fifteen debts owing to

1 1 him of sum s varying from 0 / to £ 5.

The W il l of the J a mes Foulds w hich w a s proved in 1 704 is equ a lly i a . a r e a a n d reverenti l i n it s introduction The executors h is w fe M ry ,

a fo l l o w ih a a b h is son J mes , an d g pecul i r equest to his brother , John , “ a a l l a a w a he le ves to them , my person l est te h tsoever wh ich it has

fa r a a pleased God bove my deserts to bestow upon me , equ lly to be ” a 1 divided b etwixt them . To his b rother John he b eque t hed £ 0 of

a a a current English money , to be p id three full ye rs fter hi s decease ,

a n d b a a not efore , unless hi s son J mes in h is discreti on sh ll think fit to “

a b . a p y hi m efore Also , J ohn Foulds shall h ve meat , drink , and

a t a t a w b a a n d lodging my house Tr den , he eh ving him self soberly

a n d a s a - ih - civilly there , becomes brother law to the said Mary , my

w a n d a s a n a a m a loving ife , uncle tow rds my son J mes , ought or y

a a b b e b re son ly supposed to do , but upon failure on his side y rudeness

a n d y a a a t o incivilit to M ry my wife or J mes my son , it sh ll be left

a t sh a l l a a n d t o their ple sure whe her they conti nue me t , drink , lodging

a a a w hi m . The maiden n me of the bove wife was M ry Ba den , of

Ga e Lo t h e r sd a l e . Stone pp ,

a s w h o 1 6 a n w a s a For the J me Foulds d ied i n 75, i nventory m de

a a n d b b a B r ea rcl iffe B u r w a n e s . of hi s ch ttel s de ts y L wrence , of y I n

a re a u ish in s a thi s li st there m ny ki sts , q g (cushions) , pewter , silver pl te ,

a u dl o cks a n d a re a s a n d ve n it s gl a sses . I ron g theiles n mes of thing

k w a a a s . T h e un nown to us n o . The v lue of cow was given £4 to £3 f debts owi ng to him include o ne of £3 0 by Master John Cunli fe , of

8 1 a n d W a a H olli n s , another of by idow H rtley de L ne . I n the

“ b Ch u r ch a s urial register of Colne , th is J ames Foulds i s described , vi r ” a a plane generosi , mean ing cert inly gentleman .

a w h o 1 2 I n the Will of J mes Foulds , died i n 7 5, i s mentioned ,

several pieces of old gold and silver now in my possessi on which h a ve ” b a n d m y a a een preserved conti nued by ancestors for sever l ye rs past .

a a w a a n d Thi s pl te goes to hi s son J mes , hile the pl te l inen which b e

a longed to hi s m other , Mary F oulds , he beque thed to his daughter,

'

M a . w w a s a f M ry Foulds H is ife t he d ughter of Hen ry Cockcroft , o a v

r o v d b . , He den B ridge

a a a a The next J mes F oulds m rried S rah Co tes , of Royd House , o ‘ H e l fa t h r a w w . e w a s a Ki ld ick k , Roger Co tes , of Kild ick Grange ,

a fa mous C r o m w ell 1 a n m a gistra te . She b rought a l rge estate in Glu s

b a a n d a s a a . \ urn , Addingh m , Sutton her m rri ge porti on I n hi s Vill h h i s t r u st ie e s a e i nstruct s to sell thi s port ion of h is est te , and after

‘ m a k in g ro v is io n a n d p for hi s wife , her si ster , hi s younger daughter , h e a a a a t w le ves h i s est te , including his ancient m n si on h ouse Tra den , " a a . a 0 hi s elder d ughter , M rv Foulds To h is serv nt , Edward Howarth , he b eque a thed £ 1 00 for his long a n d f a ithful services . H i s trustees

R n l l a n u de a d . B a w M a r o d . o w ere H . Cockcroft , of y y , R , of M rton , W

a 2 1 d en S t o n e a e . a a e , of g pp I f hi s d ughters should not re ch the g of

a t h e w a w H e n r v o M a r o d vo rs , hole est te ould go to Cockcr ft , of y y , his

I n 1 0 a a a - in flict e d n e phe w . 7 7 he died violent de th by self th rust with

“ I n a e oa h e w a s a l w a v s e a s Ol d . 1 kn i fe . l t r v rs ref rred to Squire Foulds

t h e n com e to the m o st inte re sting ch a ra cter of t his fa mil y

’

a s t h e M a d . a n d t h e l t of di rect line , i ss M ry F oul s After her f ther s

a s h e l d fo r v e a r s a a h e r e a w a , de th i ve 47 , m n ging st te ith gre t j udgment

n a I t a a u w a s a s 1 n d rem a i n e d u m rri e d . i s s id th t M i ss F o lds once ked

h e a a m a n h a d w h v s h e h a d n eve r m a rried . S replied th t no re lly good e s h e r a f e a s h e h a d n h e r a ver ou ght f cti on , th t i f hu g fortune on the g rden

a e u o f w e a t e w a g t , n o s itor hers ould ev r h e com for rd to the t hreshhold

sh e h a d a s . o f h e r home . Hence rem i ned ingle

a n a y a a n d S ome of h e r a ccou nt books h ve bee c refull tre sured ,

a a b b a b il it v a n d a these sho w h e r to h a ve h d con si der le usiness , l so give

a m n o v i ndi c a t i o n s of t h e conditi ons of li fe over 1 00 y e a rs a go . She p id

b b a n n u a l l v a nn ui t i es t o s e vera l peopl e . She su scri ed to the Leeds l n

w e e kl v a w Ii r m a r v a n d t h e M a nchester Hospi t a l . Her p pers ere t he

8 2 .

w d . a n d , 4 , i Leeds I ntelligencer hich cost the London Ch ron cle ,

w . S ea r b o r o u h a a nd h a hich cost weekly She went to p g for hol id ys , d remittances of £2 0 or £ 1 0 sent to her from her steward a t Tra w den

. a a w a s 2 1 a House Her steward , whose s l ry £ per nnum , kept her O . a accounts i n excellent order ther wages were equ lly low . A c a r

en t er w a s a a t d a 1 88 p p id the rate of per y i n 7 , while other men

da y . 1 8 1 b a t got per I n 7 , when she re uilt the Red Lion I n n Colne , O a j oi ner charged per day . nce she had to exch a nge si x light h a l f

a a n d a a . a g uine s , lost three shi llings on the t r ns ction The post ge on

—- 1 letters was usu a lly 4gd . or 6d . per letter . I n 797 she p a id 1 0% guine a s

b a a a . to Mr . Wm Ro erts , of Burnley , as her sh re of 3 5 guine s for wh ich he h a d enga ged to find a man and horse to serve i n the provi s i on a l

a a a . c v lry , while she lso provided three horses

Her coa t - o f- arm s was a diamon d - sh a ped shield quartered by

a a b u a w d i a gon a ls i nto four tri ngles , two containing l e cross on h ite

a w ground , while the other two bore three laurel le ves on a hi te ground .

a Ab ove thi s shield there was a crest in the form of crescent . The

’ - f- a i a y original F oulds coat —o rm s carr ed the three laurel le ves onl . The w a s - o f a a “ 4 cross the coat rm s of the Co tes fam ily of Kildwick , and a dopted when James F ould—s married Sarah Coates . The com plete a w a s z a her ldic descri ption Arms , Argent , three l urel leaves erect

a z s o u t a proper ; ure , a cros s cre t of crescent , i l e “ v m l l e i h o r a a . , cross formee s ble fi

’ “ e t a The F oulds motto was Thure J ure , me ning By rel igi on ” a n d right .

Mi ss F oulds h a d some difference of opinion w i t h the V ic a r of

a n d w a ev e r v S u n d a v Colne , ould not ttend Colne Church , so she drove

’ t h rough W yco l l a r to H a worth a n d attended divine service a t the P a ri sh

R v s w C . a e . a a a s hurch there The vic r of Haworth , the J me Ch rnock , one trustee of her w ill .

She c a refully preserved the heirlooms of silver a n d gold pl a te a nd a n d a r a w a w a s a furn i ture , added to the store , so th t T den H ll

a a a t repos i tory of a nti que valu bles . She gave i nstruct i on s th t her d ea th a complete in v e n t o r v should be m a de a n d ev e r v t h in g of v a lue b e

w a s ke e n l v preserved in the m a n s ion house a s p a rt of the est a te . She i a a n d a a n d r e t h e a a s h e nterested in her ncestors rel tives , deplo d f ct th t

th e w o f w a s the last of her ra ce i n the direct line . To i fe of one her

8 3 w h o th e a - h t , iv c enants l ed in f rm house w i h still stands at Lane Ends , she once expressed her deep grief at thi s cal amity ; Her hearer sought

_ ' ' ‘ a h i l t o a llevi te t hi s d istress by telling her t a t t w a s common kn o vizl e dge

' ' a a w a s h er na t u r a l l - t h t Willi m Pilling , of Rings , ha f brother , an d there

i i ' ' fore her nearest rel a tive . Th is n fo rm a t io n l e d h e r to adopt hi s eldest

' a a s a n d son , J mes Pilling , her hei r , to in sist that he should adopt the

a n me of James Pilling F oulds .

Her l a st Vv i l l a n d Test a ment i s a uni que document of great

h a d a a length . S he great desi re th t men of her family and n a me should

occup y the H all an d keep its treasures in ta ct for a space of fiv e hundred

v e a r s m t h e d a h e r a i n t a il ed fro y of de th , and she the estate with this

On w a s a end in view . e provi so th t the person i n possess i on shall

t h e a u a a for s p ce of si x s ccessive calend r month s in e ch year , reside , and dw ell constan tly a t or i n t h e s a id m a n s ion house wherein I n ow dwell I f a t w . Tra den they refuse , decline , or neglect to do so , the estate shall ” n go to th e person or person s ext benefici ally entitled i n rem ainder .

w a s a The second trustee Thom s J ohnson , of Eshton i n Craven ,

h a d a n d gentleman . The trustee to apply the ren t profits i n payment of

a a n d a a n certain annui ties , rep irs , m n gement during the m i nority of a y,

a a n d 00 tenan t for li fe or i nt il thereof , use an amount not exceeding £3

a a a . ye r for the m in tenance or education of such minor The bu ildings ,

O a w a a . a t l nd , etc , ken Bank ere to be held i n trust i n ai d of her person l

a a a n d y a n d est te for p yment of funeral testamentar expenses , debts ,

w a a lega cies . I n thi s y she made every leg l provision for the fulfilment

o f her keen longing to preserve her name a n d pl a ce in the home she loved

O n 2 2 n d 1 8 1 a n d b so well . th e July , 7 , she died , was u ried in the chancel

of Colne Church .

1 0 v ea rs a a n d J a mes Pilling , then old , ssu med the name of Foulds ,

d uri ng hi s minority was maintained and educated according to the di rec ~

' Vv il l a n d a . t ions of the , from the rents profits of the Trawden est te He

n 1 82 8 . entered i nto possession of the estate a d chattel s i n August , He

y a a a l ived the life of a countr gentlem n , ttending to the m nagement of

t h e m a b a h h , ho e f rm , riding on horse ck frequently to i s friends at Es ton

a y w a O . a Ne ll , B roughton , tley , and Harewood He ttended regul rl to a hi s m a gi steri al bu siness at Colne , and was a Ju stice of the Pe ce not

a y a a , only in L a nc a shi re , but i n comp n with C pt in Atherton of Alki n

1 8 a s a a a n d . o , h 43 co tes , Mr G reen , f Emmott e qualified in West l‘ s He a a n d Ridi ng m a gi tr a te . tten ded Colne Chu rch Ch rist Church unti

84 T C rawden hu rch was bui lt , and was very anx ious to infl uence the opini on Ch u rch of Trawden Forest i n favou r of the Rate . He frequently rode w 1 8 0 a v , o h . o it h the Cra en Harriers and in 4 rec rded t t Mr Ayre , surge n ,

h a d a of Colne , was out and a bad f ll , but would not adm it that he was

h r . u t Mrs Ayre , of Colne , possesses a miniature of M iss Mary

w a n d Foulds hich he gave to her , which she has allowed me to photo g ra ph .

T H E FOU S A P G FA S OF R A W A L D N D IL LI N M I LI E T D E N H L L .

’ a Every New Ye r s Day Mr . J . P . Foulds system a tically began a a a new di ry , but in common with many other di rists , hi s entries d i minished i n number and almost ceased before half the year had gone .

a a r e M ny interesting events , however , recorded with great detail . On

‘ 1 2t h 1 8 6 a n a Apri l , 3 , he records agitation gainst a proposed Church

a a . R te , when he promi sed to look fter Trawden With thi s end in v 1ew he sent hi s steward , John Shaw , and Jack at Rings , to go can

- W l r v a ssi n g to W i n ew a l l and yco l a a Two d a ys later there was a

a meeting at Colne a bout thi s r te . After much di scussion i t was put

w 1 8 a n d 1 2 to the vote , hen 4 voted for , 4 against it . A poll was 8 a a n d 2 t h . On 2 t h dem nded , fixed for the of the month the 5 , Wm .

a a n d - Sm ith , of Tr wden , myself went through the Forest to day canvass

a a a t a ing for the Chu rch R te , and met with toler ble success most pl ces , ” M id l e . b u t a . e a found th t Mr g y had been before us for the opposite p rty . “ O n 2 8t h w w a s a the , The to n of Colne i n a gre t comm otion thi s

a a morning , M r . Engl nd , the churchw rden , refusing to open the poll for the Church Rate unless ea ch party deposited £2 0 i n hi s hands a s

a a . r gu rantee for the expenses The opposite party efused , so there l l w a s no po .

O a a a la a nce , h v ing 45/ v i ble as fines from g mblers , he divided

’ i t between the Ran ters Sunda y School and the Trawden Church Sund a y

S ch o oL

He took a very keen i nterest i n Church aff ai rs in Trawden from

th e a t the outset . At fi rst services Dog Bottom Cottage , he paid John

La n eh o u se Berry , of , sixpence per Sunday to assi st in the singing . 8 . 1 0 f i When the fi rst curate , M r Pryce , died in 4 , he settled his af a rs

a a nd provided appropriate funeral arrangements . To the fem le teachers

a a an d of the Sund y school he g ve ribbon s for thei r bonnets , gloves ,

a m al e a a n d . b sc rves , and to the te chers , hat bands gloves A out twenty gen t lemen and clergymen who had come to a ttend the funera l pa rtook of

85 ’

a t a l . a t 2 a t luncheon Tr wden Hal They started o clock , and Carry Hea d L a ne w ere met by a number of the respectable inhabit a nts of

w h o a Colne accompan ied them to the pl ce of in terment at Chri st Church .

F eb r u a r v 1 8 1 a w I n , 4 , the ro d s to Colne ere snowed up for a

w w . a a eek Then they were cut , and the c rts for M nchester ere able to pa ss .

w a s a a a I t then com mon pr ctice to bleed p tients , and he tell s

a r m 2 how the su rgeon on one occasion took from hi s 3 ounces of b lood .

O n a a nother occ sion the surgeon bled him , but not so much as he

a wi shed , although h e was ble to sleep after it .

O n i 8t h 1 8 a C April , 45, he lai d the found ti on stone of the hurch

a . o f St . M ry the Vi rgin at Trawden The proceedings commenced wi th

a a n d a a procession of te chers scholars , headed by the brass b nd , from

h e a w b y . - Chu rch School to Tr wden House , where they ere met M r \V . . m Foulds , t he Revs . J ohn Henderson , H Stainer , Wm Hodgson , .

- a n d . a r e a Messenger , other friends H ving formed , they w lked to the

’l ‘ y s n e w l l . u ite of the chu rch , where Fo lds performed the ceremon . and

w a s present e d with the customary t rowel and m a llet .

O n t h e 1 i t h a t h e a a a of th t m onth , funer l of M r . W lton , of M rsden

a a a t a a n d w r a a H ll , took pl ce Alth m , he ites th t such a m rked respect

he nev e r s a w p a id to the memor y of a m : decea sed ; the shops in Colne

n l e w a a n d B u r v ere closed the gre ter part of the day .

I n 1 8 8 w a s a a . 4 he evidently much su rpri sed to he r the vic r , Mr

a a w . H umfrey , pre ch ri tten sermon

At t h e i n e w a l l Charity a n d on Trawden R u sh b ea r ing Sund a y h e tells h o w the singers a n d most of the regular a ttenders a t

T ra w den Church h a d gone t o other service s .

I n spi te of every a dva nt a ge th a t the foresight of M i ss M a ry

' a w a s a a F oulds could devi se , the li fe of thi s l st S qui re Foulds tr gic

a a n d a a w fa ilure . Had he m rried voung been blessed with a c p ble i fe

n b b a b b u t a t a d children , t he record would pro a ly h ve een pleasanter ,

ffi a l l a l l a . Tra wden , he rem ined a bachelor I t i s di cult n ow to tr ce hi s

b u t b e a r l v a 1 8 progress , he egan quite to ccumulate debts , until in 47 he filed hi s petition i n the County Cou rt w ith a schedule a nnexed fo r the

protecti on of hi s person a gainst lega l process . The estate should t hen

t h e t h e C o u n t v b u t h a ve b ecome vested in Clerk of Court , proceedings

8 0

a n d a was educ ted with that end in view , yet for nearly forty years he

h a d a a ceaseless struggle for b re exi stence . H i s a cti on in disentailing

a , h h h . h o a oul d s the estate lt oug n ot i n keeping wit h t e wi s es f Mi ss M ry F , w sho s hi s anxi ety to di stribute hi s we a lth a mong h is children rather than

. . w a s a h favour the heir The result to make m ny smaller estates , and t e

, , a hei r James Pilling did not long ret i n Trawden Hall in his possessi on .

No i nventory or schedule of the possessions of M i ss F oulds in

a a w a s a a Tr wden H ll ever m de or taken , ccording to her direction s , or

a t a n y a w a s a n a r te no one ever able to discover y, or th t James P . Foulds

a a n g ve y receipt for such chattels . The v a luable hei rloom s w ere di st r i

’ b a a a w uted , and m ny pieces of pl te en gr ved ith the F oulds coa t of arm s

a re a still i n the possess ion of the sever l descendants of the Pillings .

a . n b u t a J mes P F oulds never retur ed to Trawden , rem ined at

M a n 86 a . 1 1 a n d 1 86 Dougl s i n the I sle of I n he married , in 4 he died , w leavi ng a widow su rviving and enciente ith a male chi ld , who was

’ a a D A a fterwa rds c lled J mes Hen ry rcy Foulds . Th i s provi ded another

a a n d r a source of litig tion , the su vivi ng t rustee , Thom s Mason John son ,

a of Eshton H ll , filed a B ill of Complai nt i n the Cou rt of Chancery . The

' res i du a ry pe r so n a l e st a t e of M iss M a ry F oulds had accumulated to the v a lue of a n d thi s was clai med b v the younger brothers a n d

a a n d si sters of Will i m Pilling , of Rings , on the one hand , for the enti re

’ a D A r c a n d exclu sive benefit of J mes Henry y Foulds on the other . H ence the a id and a uthority of the Cou rt of Chancery w a s invoked t o

deci de b etween the cl a i m s of the contending part ies .

I n the h istory of the Foulds a n d Pilli ngs we h a ve i nci dent and

t ra ged y ra rely su rp a ssed i n the p a ges of rom a nce . Perhaps some day

a writer of a b il it v will do j u st ice to the thoughts and hopes of that

a n d . w a , h o onderful l dy , Mi ss Mary F oulds t —u s keep her mem ry green Her coa t of a rm s formed p a rt of a st a ined gl a ss window in the din ing

a w a n d a a room of Tr den Hall , u sed to fi re my boyi sh im gi nati on , as I re d

t h e b 1 8 1 under i t , inscription , Marv Foulds , o i it 7 , n ot knowing at

s that time what hi tory she had made .

T m h e l a st James Pilling sol d the home of hi s ancestors to Willi a

w h o a a . a a e , M rsden , Esq , cotton m nu f ctu r r , occupied i t for some ye rs ‘

a fter which i t p a ssed into the possession of the presen t owner , John

B v a h a d b a a Hopkin son , Esq . th t time i t ecome very dil pid ted “ an d

it s a s a b v . a from a series of photogr p h , t ken M r Spivey , rchitect , before

s e d fe w r e m a a b e a t a rc h it ect u ra l . demol ition , it po sess rk le f u res of i nterest

8 8 O n e c a n t herefore underst a nd t he decision of the owner to build a n e w modern man si on on the old site with a l l the adva nt a ges of surroundings that only a ge can give .

R O A F A OT H E L C L M I LI E S .

E LE FA Y OF S T UNST EA D A N W I N E W L L T H E M I DG Y M I L H L L I A .

t n st e a d a a a w a s S u H ll , on the ridge f c ing Tr wden Hall , the home

M i el s 1 6 b M id el e a of t he dg ey from 94 , when Ro ert g y bought it from J mes

1 86 w a a . Driver , unti l 9 , hen the l st m le survivor died They were people of con sidera ble import a nce a n d wealth a s i s shown by their bequests and

a M id el ey w a s a a lega cies . The last W illi m g Ch i rm n of the Trawden 86 Loca l Bo a rd from its form a tion in 1 3 until hi s de a th in 1 869 . He was the last of the old mill m a sters who were responsible for the p a ri sh corn “ ” a b a s . mill , and such he cl i med rent for it He u ilt the streets in the

a a w S t u n st ea d a lower p rt of Tr den , and the Upper L ithe , on which until quite recentl y there were gargoy les w hich represented his w i fe and hi s

o u n a n a a only son . H is son died y g from tt ck of smallpox du ring one of those frequently recurri ng epidemics w h ich used to sca r a large propor

m a a a t ion of t h e i nh a bit a nts . I t y be of interest to le rn th t the masons employed on the a bove structure w ere p a id a t the ra te of two shillings

d a l m a n a l l - a - per y, whi e the sculptor , the h ighest paid of , got half crown per d a y.

W E A LL T H E D R I VE R S OF I N W .

n w a s The f a m ily of Driver i s a very a ncient one . S t u st e a d Hall

a prob a bly built by one of the Drivers . The oldest L tin deed held by

a the present owner , J oseph Banni ster , E sq . , shows that J mes Driver

w 662 1 6 . a n a b a 1 o ned it in 75 I n I n qui sition m de y Commi ssion in , the

S t u n st ea d only Driver i n the Forest was John D river , of , who was one

‘ a a \Vinew a l l a t of t he l rgest l ndowners in , being rated This

w a s a 1 60 8 a n d b copyhold rental p id by J ohn Driver i n , by other mem ers

a a s fa r back a s 1 52 6 . Thi s f mily probably took up the lan d a t Stun

a a t a a 1 0 a s 1 ste d the di s fforest tion i n 5 7 , two years later , in 509 , there

a a ff i s . a complaint recorded i n the Court Roll s g in st Geo rey Driver and a a n d nother in a plea of trespass , for detention of a parcel of land lying “ ” l e a b in Fens in Tr wden , the her age whereof they had consumed for

f a two years , that i s , since the disa forest tion .

1 1 a I n the Court Rolls for 54 there i s curious entry , which throws

a a a a l a w a . l ight on pr ctice in which , to us , i s very str nge I n th t ye r

80 J ohn Driver com pl a ined a gain st J a mes Driver in a plea of be i ng ’ the substance of the goods of h is child s portion in arrears . Defenda n t i “ ” a a a a n d w a s . ppe red and cl med wager of law , thi s granted Wager

l a w a o o of was used i n ction for debt , and f r go d s left wi th or lent to

a a not her person . I t was held th t the defendant m ight have paid

a m ea priv tely , or have obtained no receipt , or the witnesses ight be d d ,

a or i n other ways b e un vailable . The law then allowed the defend a n t m the right to take oath , along with other person s called co pu rgators , D a . e th t he did not owe the money I n thi s case of Driver v . riv r , the

a b n s defendant James , ppeared efore the Court with eleve compurgator ,

a n d in s they swore the debt was not owi ng , or , legal phra eology , he “ ar did wage hi s law . I t was accepted by the Court as a pe rfect cle

a ff C u t . nce for h im , and the plai nti was at the mercy of the o r

The family of Driver i s one of the most a nci ent in the township of

l e a a . 1 an d Colne Willi am D river appears in the t x tion li st of 333 ,

a Thomas Driver i n the li st of Colne ten nts in 1 443 . John Driver was a

H l m 1 frequen t j uror at the Colne a o t Cou rt from 500 onwards . I t the re ‘ m fore appears that the family sprang from Colne , and secured a settle ent

w a in Tra wden Forest when it s thrown open to public ownership . They

a s were of some importance , i s shown by members of the family occupy

a . o i ng the position of G re ve of the Forest , etc I n the reign s of the Tud r monarch s the Driver fa mily appear a s contributing to the variou s sub

a a z sidles on a ccount of thei r l nds , but v ni sh i n the reign s of Eli abeth

I b a a n d of Charles . , from wh ich i t i s pro ble that they had removed from

W i l l a t u n t Colne and were est a blished in n ew a . As the n me S s e a d doe s

a 1 662 b y e not ppear before , they pro abl built t hat house not long b fore

a a a n tha t d a te . They h ve alw ys formed i mportant section of the Wine

wa ll h a mlet u p to the present ti me .

T H E H A R T L E Y S . The H artleys were among the earliest settlers in each divi si on of

. the F orest , and for a long ti me were the most important tenants I t i s

a impossible , however , to con struct thei r ncestral tree with its numerous

a bra nches , because no p rt icular family residences can be assigned to

them for any con siderable period .

l l a r 1 0 a n d Piers H artley settled i n W yco previous to 5 7 , built

c ollar Hall in 1 550 .

w a s , Si r Wi lli a m P . Hartley , whose father a Trawden man has

9 0 fre qu e ntly shown hi s intere s t i n t h e \ i| l a ge by generously helping the

Primit ive Methodists there .

a re a b H a r t l e v a There still m ny mem ers of the f m ily , but the l a s t t o come prominently before t he public and e a rn the deep gratitude

a w e a re . a n d of Tr den p ople Mr Mrs . Stephen Hartley , of Pendle Vi ew ,

\\ 1 n w l l a 1 2 c a . E rly in 9 1 the Tra w den Urb a n Di strict Council were a o a a a n d nxi us to provi de recre tion ground playing fields for the di strict .

T h e a a w a s a w most ppropri te si te the J ubilee Me do . which occupies a v e r v su b - cent ral posi tion . A committee appoi nted to i nterview Mr .

M s a n d r . a w a a H rtley, ith reg rd to the purchase of th is meadow , le rnt

a t h e v h a a l r a v a t h t d e d greed to sell t he meadow to M r . Thornton a n d

B - . . . a h a d re a t a Mr R H nni ster , who i n tu rn sold it profit to Councillor

. a a a . a n S How rd , Ch i rman of the Urb n District Council M r . d M rs . H a rtl ey generously offered to give the land to the Urb a n District Co nn

011 a b e a , provided th t they could relieved from thei r oblig tion s with the other gentlemen concerned , on the condition s that it should be preserved a n d a b a a kept i n good rep i r y the Council , an d be con sidered as memori l to the grea t - hea rted l a ds of the di strict who m a de the Supreme S a cri fice

W r in t he a .

a a n a Councillor How rd persu ded Messrs . Thornton a d B nni ster

a . . r a n d a t to rele se both M r and M rs Ha tley him self i n these tr n sac ions , a n d 1 00 re - l on thei r doing so gave £ , the proposed profits of t he sa e , to w a rds the cost of erection of conven iences and shelters on the recrea t i on ground .

b a Councillor T . Ro in son , the life ten nt of Well Head Farm , of

a w a which J ubilee Me do i s portion , very generously offered to give up

a n d a possession to the Council at once , the land was immedi tely utili sed b v the vill a gers .

T H E B A N N I ST E R S .

My own a ncestors h a ve lived in Tra wden for about two centuries

a n d during th a t time have taken a n a ctive pa rt in the soci a l a n d public

a a w a a li fe . They c me to Tr den from P rk H ill , B rrowford , where they

h a a w a s a d l ived for m a n y gener ti on s . The ori ginal house at P rk Hill

b 1 60 a n d a erected efore 4 , the Colne P rish Chu rch Regi sters , com

m e n c in 1 a m a n v ba a a a n d g in 599 , cont in entries of the pti sms , m rri ges ,

de a t hs of members of the P a rk H ill B a nn i ster fa m ily .

w s 1 66 1 b u t a s T h e present hous e a t P a rk H ill a b uilt i n , the fa m il v a fortunes declined it c me i nto possession of Mr . John Swingle a a hurst . The P rk H ill B nni sters had long owned the nort hern choir of

w a s y al Colne Parish Church , which formerl c led the Bannister or Park

Hill Chancel or Choir . Much strife a n d litiga ti on resulted in order to

decide whether the rights to thi s choi r should be owned by the Banni sters ,

v i n l h a b . S w e u r st a t hen i n Tr wden , or Mr g , of P rk Hill . By a decree of the C o n si st o r v Cou rt of Chester m a de in 1 743 a settlement w a s made b v w w d b a hich t he rights to th is choir ere ivi ded etween the two disput nts ,

M w in l s r . S g e h u r t ob taining the right to have reserved for hi s sole use

y a n d w r the n orthern m oiet the four pe s t herein , while Mr . Hen y

a a w B nni ster , of Tr den , and his successors , owners of the other moiety , had t he sole right to b ury hi s a n d thei r de a d under the n orthern

y w a s a a moiet , hen and occ si on should requ ire , repl cing im mediately “ ” a a n v a h fter the i nterment of corps there , the se ts taken up on t e occasion .

' a w a s Ol d The grandson of Henry B nnister J ohn Bannister ,

m a - 1 8 1 a of Nichol House , y gre t grandfather , who in 3 dvertised for

“ a a b a a a n d w s le , the sp ci ous , su st nt i l , dry , comfortable ell situated pew

w a b a f a b y . a a n d a ith o rded l oor , then ten nted Mrs George C rr , cont in

a w - i n g a mple room for eight dults or gro n u p person s . Al so the right o f b a a sepulture or uri l throughout the whole of the ground of the ch ncel ,

’ a a a a l called B nnister s Ch ncel , on the north s ide of the gre test ch nce , w i thout pa y ment of the usu a l fees for b re a king the e a rth for vaults o : d a s a a n d b o v . graves , i s t he custom i n the other ch ncel s of the church

k a b u t ew w a s a No sale too pl ce , p rent paid to mv ncestors during

y v e a r s r y a a t he next fort , until the p esent s stem repl ced these ncient fa m il v ri g hts .

a Ba a a Ba The histori n , ines , s vs th t t he n ni ster fam ily of Park

a w w a s b v a a n d H ill , B rro ford , founded the Banni sters of Banke H ll

w a a . a Alth m Both ere i mport nt count y f m ilies , some members of which

’ a B a a a a occupied h igh position s . S ir Thom s nnister , of B nke H ll , was

C a r t e r 1 a a Knight of t he i n 37 5 , while his descend nt , Chri stopher B nni s

1 6 h a d b - a a t t o r n e v ter , who d i ed in 49 , een vice ch ncellor , recorder ,

a a nd b a . gener l , aron of the Exchequer of L ncashire

The l a st hei ress of the B a nnister fam ily of Altham m a rried

B n a st re l b \ a a a . a e , Am rose V lton , of M rsden H ll Her gr ndson , Wa ton

\ a S h e l fiel d a n d a a built Valton Spire ne r , g ve the l nd on which the

9 2 a w a s b . w a Colne Cloth H ll ui lt He died ithou t i ssue , the l st Wa lton of

M a rsden H a ll .

The genea logies of these families a re given in gre a t det a il in t h e

a a v ri ou s h istories an d her ldry records . The severa l branches in La nc a

o f a B a n a st re s a shire B nnisters , or , h ve thei r descent recorded from a

b B a n a st r e a a w a Ro ert , knight of Willi m the Con queror , hose n me i s

a b 1 066 . w a s a a a t on the roll of B ttle A bey in He gr nted l nds Prestatyn ,

d al b a a M k r fi l a a n a b a e e d n a . North W les , so ec me feud l ron of i n La c shi re O n e of hi s descend an ts in 1 1 3 0 bec a me Lord o f W a lton Ie Da le nea r

a t w h o Preston . The last hei ress of th is line married John de L ng on , succeeded to the b a ronsh ip of Newton a nd lordship of Wal ton . The B a nn isters of Da r win H a ll or Banni ster H a ll traced their descent from

a the s me source .

a a a a l The n mes of Bl ckburn , H olgate , T th m , Pickles , Mitche l ,

a a b e Ti llotson , S h ckleton , Shuttleworth , and Emmott h ve long een own d

b y b u t a a r e a i . residents in the Forest , records of these f milies not va lable

9 3 " C HAPT E R I I I .

P UB LI C I T I N ST T U I ON S .

T H E T R A W N G A S A N D W A R O PA Y L D E T E C M N . T D .

1 8 8 a l Unt i l 7 w ter for domestic purposes was obtained from we l s , “ ” w h a d a t a some of h ich a gre t repu tion . The old Bold Venture Well a t b a an d t he ottom of Chu rch Street , ne r the old Corn Mill , the Well

a W in ew a l l w a w a s ow He d Spring in , supplied ter which more ren ned

y a n for i ts pu ri t and goodness than y modern filtered w a ter .

I n a a T a Ga s a n W a d . w a s th t ve r the r wden ter Company , Ltd ,

e a c a a w a n d form d , wit h pit l of to con st ruct aterworks supply

a a n d a a a l l w ter with i n the town shi p to m nuf ctu re , sell , let , or supply

a a . a rt icles con nected wi t h t he supply of w ter Also to m ke , store , and

a s w w a n d a a supply g i th in t he to nship , to m nuf ctu re , sell , prov ide ,

a n d a a t a r a a a a ca supply , de l i n coke , co l , , pi tch , sph ltum , mmon i l li quor ,

a n d a l l other product s or r e s id u m of a n y m a teri a l s employed in the

m a u a a s a n d a l l a w a s . n f ctu re of g , rticles connected ith the supply of g

a n a a Also to pu rch a se or take ga s or w a ter or b oth in. bulk from y s nit ry

a a . ut hority , corpor tion , company , or person

b a n d w a The fi rst sub scri ers di rectors ere Blackb urn Holg te ,

a e n m e - s B a a m a son ; Robert B rri tt , g tenter ; Ell i l ckbu rn , co l m iner ;

' VVil l ia m a a J ohn B a nni ster , manufact u rer ; M rsden , m anuf ctu rer ; George

w b a a B a r n ist er . So er y , schoolm ster ; Thom s , grocer

a t Supplies of w a ter were obt a ined from springs Naze End , at

y a a a n d O a ke n ba n k a . F rm , at F rm , H o le The Urb n D istrict

b a n d a s Council a t a l a ter d a te ou g ht out t he Com pany , the demand

a a t h e v b a a y Bo u l sw o r t h , i nc re sed , o t i ned plentiful suppl from H ill ne r

w a a . , Lum b La i the F rm Thi s spri ng , together ith the N ze En d spring

n o w supply t he v ill a ge .

The Compa ny never b u ilt a ga s pl a nt n or took over t he exi st i n g

a y w - a a h a d pl a nt s . T he e rl po er loom cotton m nuf ctu rers been quick

- a - a s a n d a a s t o s e e t he a dv a n t a ges o f co l g l i ghting , co l g plants were

e s t a a ere c ted a n d worked for m a n v y a r a H olli n H ll M ill , L ne House

’ it h l e v s C o t t o n t ree . l il l a a n d a t . C r c , l . l ve Shed , Mess rs Mill Such

a a n d t h e v a b a a s m a ll pl a nt s w ere not economic l , were ndoned when

f . m u ch b etter a n d che a per suppl y of co a l ga s w a s of ered from Colne

04

' a t a a W h . secured the first prize i n open contest Nel son , th t t e l te Mr .

. a a Ol B White , of Colne , wrote his poem bout Gr nd d Trawden .

b a b w a s a a The fi rst r ss and c lled the Upper Town B nd , an d w a s

a 1 8 - 1 8 formed b out 0 0 . h a d a 4 5 Previous to this there been reed band , w i a b a o f i a h ch took p rt in the cele r tion s the coronati on of Queen Victor , b u t w a s a a r w it di sb nded soon fte ards . Shortly before 1 850 another b a a w a s a a t r ss b nd org ni sed Trawden Hill , with Mr . Harri son Whittaker

a s . B b a a n a ir conductor oth nds j oi ned for open soiree , which had bee n

’ a t a w promoted by t he Mech nics I n sti ute of Tr wden Hill , and hich was a v e r a a a l l y f mous local event , ttracti ng the most prom inent men in the

d . a i stri ct Not long fterwards the Upper Town Band was di sbanded , w b a h ile the other and developed into the f mous Trawden Brass Band .

1 86 2 a a w w About the B nd secured a le se of the White House , hich a s thei r home for over twenty ye a rs .

w w a s a t 1 86 The fi rst contest i n hich they took part Ski pton i n 4 , w I b u t a s . n w y a . no prize then secured the follo ing e r , however , J Lord , w a s a a n d a a t h e of Bacup , appoi nted professi onal te cher , rew rd ttended

f a t Uf a t e r fo o t e forts of the performers , for the contest they received the

a n a a a a third prize d H igh m Sopr no Cornet . L ter in the s a me ye a r , a t y a o ff z 2 an d a n the Burnle contest , they c rried the fi rst pri e of £ 5,

a E fla t b omb a rdon . Loc l pride rose high w ith the winning of these

a n d a a . two prizes , to m rk the event s grand parade was held Mr . John Di xon he a ded the procession on horseb ack ; then came the two prize

s b a w a b a in strument , orne loft on a ooden fr mework , with the nd foll ow ing a s they m a rched rou n d the village .

I n 1 863 the B a nd h a d a memorable engagement a t Burnley on the occ a sion of the festivi ties arr a nged to celeb ra te the m a rriage of His

h w al . a a a . w o a s L te M j esty , Ki ng Edw rd V I I , then Pri nce of W es

’ 1 86 a t al I n 7 , the Bu rnley Agricultur Society s Contest , they won

m b a . a a the th i rd pri ze Al so i n contest for co et solo , with and ecom

i a a a n d . . a n m e n t s . p , Mr H rri son Whittaker , of Tr wden Band , Mr J

K e i h l e v B a r e - a a Tu rner , of g nd , were selected to pl y , and the Tr wden

- w a s a w a a a fla t b . conductor rded the trophy , si lver pl ted B cornet , y F

a Besson , v lue

a w a s b u t a a a b Up to th t t i me t here no uniform , in th t ye r pu l ic

b w a s a nd w a 2 6 su scri ption opened for thi s purpose , in thi s y over £ w a s rai sed towa rds the cost of a set of uniforms . The playing

06 of Chri stm a s C a rol s a n d selections a t th a t fest ive t ide then rea l i sed 8 a bout £ 1 6 to £ 1 .

1 868 a a a w a s a t a w a n d I n Br ss B nd Contest promoted Tr den ,

a b w a w a s a a for out t enty ye rs one of the most striking nnu l event s .

w v e r y a a a b a l l These contests ere popul r , ttr cting nds from a pa rt s of the

- y . O n a w a a n d a l l countr one occ sion t enty four b nds entered , turned 8 . 1 1 6 w e up At the 7 contest the gate money amounted to over £5 , h il on several other occa s ion s i t exceeded £50 .

fi 2 w a s w o n a t A rst pri ze of £ 5 the Middleton contest in 1 86 9 .

The yea r 1 875 w a s the most successful a s reg a rds successes a t c m b v e . se e n a s ont sts From J une t o Septe er they secured prizes , fol

w - a a n d B a n d a n d a b a a lo s Linthw ite , pri ze ; ury , prize ri tone ; Golc r , a n d w a k z a d I prize ; Holl ing orth L e , prize ; st prize and a z o I d a . silver cup ; Middleton , prize ; and B rrow , st prize

h a d a a t a a They long runs of annual eng gements R wtenst ll , Facit ,

- — b w a a n d w a a t a Bolton y Bo l nd , Do n h m , the one F cit extending for

y over th i rty ears .

a a a a M r . J . Gl dney , of M nchester , became professi on l te cher to 8 6 n 1 8 a 1 a d w a s . . the B nd i n 7 , in 79 thi s pos ition given to Mr Alex

O a a n d a b a . wen , of M nchester , ret ined y hi m for over twenty ye rs

’ O n the “Wit - Mond a y of 1 88 1 the B a nd pl a yed for a schol a rs

o a t a n d a pr cession Accr ington in the morning , in the fternoon of the

d a v n same competed in the contest at Sta ley Park , Liverpool , winn ing ’ h ’ a n d a so a 0 t a . the second prize , on th t occa i n be ting Besses B rn Band

a t a a a n d They remained thi s p rk on the th ree following d ys , on the

a n F rid a y fulfilled thei r a nnu a l F a ci t eng gement . The pri ze money a d 8 fees for th a t w eek a mounted to the record sum of £ 9 .

At the H a w es contest i n 1 896 t he fourth a n d fi fth prizes were

div ided between the Tr a wden a n d Kingston M ill s B a n ds .

a w o n a b a M ny other prizes were , but the ove summ ry will indicate

the emi nence of the B a nd i n the l a tter p a rt of the l a st century .

\Vh it t a k e r w a s For a b out forty ye a rs Mr . H . conductor ,

a . a b eing succeeded by Messrs . W . H . W dsworth , J H rtley , a a a nd . a a . W . Whitta ker , C . Holg te , A Bro dhe d The l tter

07 b a ndm a s t e r l ed the w a y to a grea t revival of interest a nd s s w 1 0 a s a a a ucces , it h 9 3 gre t record ye r of successes . I n

a 1 0 1 t hat year the B nd competed at contests and won 4 prizes , the se — a s 2 n d e being follows Colne , pri ze both for march and for s lecti on ,

VV i w r h a n d a b . . h t o t 2 n med l for the est sol oist , M r C Bi rtwi stle ; , d pri z e

a a 1 st a n d s for m rch ; E rby , prize for both march selection ; El slack , i t

a z a d 2 n d z t h prize for m rch , pri ze for selecti on ; Nel son , pri e for m arch , 4

a l st I S t f r p ri ze for selection ; B rnoldswick , prize for m arch and prize o c 2 n d a 2 n d horus ; Corn holme , pri ze bot h for m rch an d choru s ; Bu rnley , i r z e fo r . . p . selection , medal for best euphoni um player , to M r A Broad

a a a . . . 1 0 he d , and med l for best t rombone pl yer , to M r H Pickles I n 9 4

' a gra nd b a z a a r w a s held to rai se fund s fo r cl ea r in g the debt on the B a nd prem i ses a t Clogg He a d s . F rom the booklet com piled on that b y H a r t l e v a my brother , B n ni ster , I am indebted for the above

I n the Tr a wden H al l deeds there i s a curious note regarding the

a a b ove Robert H rtley . I n giving evidence on a questi on of boundaries

1 8 0 a y Sa d a i n 4 , th i s f rmer , t hen 79 ears old , i th t he went to the fa rm “ a a o a f a 43 ye rs g , n mely , in the spring o the ye r next before the year of ” a y w a s a a sc rci t com monly kn o n the b rley ye r .

( C L l a a LO Al ow nces were m de , Chri stop her Hartley of on e and S i x

’ ” a w an d b a ence eek , to li nd J mes , for the present , six shill ings .

I n 1 m a a al 799 , Tho s He ton succeeding Jonas Horsf l a s Constable

a w f t f , i or the Fores o Tr den took nto hi s possession a set of i ron weights ,

8 n 6 1 2 1 2 a d . w a a n d . one e ch of , , 4 , 7 , 4 , , 5 lbs , ith ban k scales

' w a 1 8 1 - 1 w a s six enc in I n t he H i gh ys Account for 4 5, the rate p e

a n d a a a b a t he pound , the l rger r tep yers contri uted their quot partly by

a a c a sh a n d partl y b y w ork . The r tes re l i sed The su rveyor

y 8 w a d a v b d a s 2 w . a s p i d per for the num er of , 3 , actually orked

1 8 8 a w a I n 3 , the tot l rates ere The h ire of horse and cart per d a y was then

a a 1 8 a b b a t During t he ye r end ing M rch , 3 9 , ridge had een bui lt

0 a n a a cost of £7 , and the cost of m ki g the ro d to the bridge was B This w a s probably the D o gb o t t o m ridge . The rates collected for th a t vear amounted to

I n 1 84 a W i n ew a l l ; a W c 4 , J ohn H rri son , of J ohn H rtley , of y o l l a r ;

y H i n dl e o a w w a a a t a a n d Hen r , of T r den , ere ppointed ro d surveyors

a a w s a l a ry of £ 1 0 per ye r e ch , to work two davs a eek wi th the men d e a r a n . th rough the whole y , collect the highway rates also The tot a l

w a s 1 2 1 1 length of high w ays in the three hamlets miles 42 ya r ds .

T H E T R A W D E N L OCA L B OA R D .

w a s 1 86 a n d a m The Loc a l Board formed in 3 , consi sted of Willi

- a a id e l e a a a a ; , M g y, ch i rm n ; Wi lli m Pilling , vice ch i rman Henry T th m

\Va l l b a n k a , Will i a m Wilkin son , J oseph , Thom s Shaw , John Hartley

w a a k a n d \Vil l ia m a . William P ic les , He ton I n the follo ing ye r , Thom s

t h e a n d a B a nni ster w a s a ppointed Clerk to Board , J ohn T tham , sur v e o r a t a a a y 6 y a y a a a y , s l r of £ e rl , wi th power to eng ge forem n under

a t er d a a 2 da . e him p y, and men l bou rers at / per y The n ui sanc i nspector received 5/ per annum . a s a t fi Gravel from the water courses was u sed road metal rst , a n d the loose sand on the road on Lancashi re Moor and other place s was

6d . e r a sol d to John Pilling , of the Primet Bridge Foundry , for p c rtload .

I n 1 868 a proposal was carried for the con st ru ction of a water w a n d a s orks g supply , and for a special di strict which would benefit by

a it to be sep rately assessed and rated for general improvements .

a a n d Although pl n s estimates were prepared , the resolution was r e

s i n . 1 868 a t Al derb a rro w c de d i n the following year I n , the farmer sent

a a in a request to the Bo rd that a pi nfold be made , thereby showing desire for a n old custom that h a d bee n a llowed to lapse .

1 866 1 8 n a F rom to 73 , the proceedi gs of the Bo rd were frequently

a very animated , bec use in the former year , Mr . Joseph Banni ster pro posed th a t a New Road b e made from Trawden to Cotton Tree for the benefit of the town ship . The land required was given by the owners . 868 1 . n I n , Mr William Burr wa s fi rst me tioned as sol ici tor to the Board , b a l a eing ppointed Clerk to the Board two years ter , and members of

a hi s firm h ve occupied thi s posi tion ever since .

The twelve tenders submitted for the construction of the N ew Roa d va ried from to three of these being from W in ew al l

r o a w . Tr den men The lowest tender , being that of William Clough , of

a w a s a . w a s a B cup , ccepted The work not c rried out to the sati sfaction

w a s of the engineer , so Mr . Clough dismissed , and one of hi s sureties

a continued the work by contr ct .

a In 1 870 Mr . Joseph B nnister offered hi s gratuitous ser vices a s \V k o r s a a . Clerk of to the New Ro d , and they were ccepted with thanks

b a a y W co l l a r a n d A out thi s t ime Rich rd H rtle , of y , Edward James

a a e N ew T ylor , of Colne , read a protest gainst the expenditur on the

a a n d a a a a e Ro d , lso g in st the Bo rd , for calling upon the whol townshi p to contrib ute by Rate; instead of calling on those who were specially

b b y . a enefited such road These gentlemen , ctive in opposition , and

a y a e frequently i n mi norit of two , being in this c se support d by many

a a a a y . a r tep yers , sent Memorial to the Home Secret r As result there w a s a b 1 8 0 Local Government Board en quiry in Septem er , 7 , from which the Loca l Bo a rd emerged w ith high compliments from t h e I n s pector for thei r foresight and good business m a n a gement .

I n h i s Report he descri b es h o w the \Vi n ew a l l a n d c oll a r a l a l h m ets before the doption of the Loca Govern ment Act in 1 860 h ad a a rep ired thei r own ro ds , ratione ten ure or by a pportionment , . The m a w h a d i o h a let of Tr den repa red its own r ads out of a H ighway Rate

. 1 860 al l collected from i ts own property only After , the roads were a rep i red out of the H ighway Rate until the Board was advise d that it w a s al o illeg , up n wh ich notice was given to the hamlets of W in ew al l an d

W v e ol l a r a r to repai r thei r roads by ppo ti onment as before . The tw o

e , l hamlets refu s d to do thi s so lega proceedings were commenced , but t he Local B oard i ntim a ted thei r willingness to a ssist those l iable to

a a a n rep ir their ro ds , ratione tenure , in y course they might be advi sed to t a ke a n d a lso to h a ve the expen ses incu rred paid out of a General

Di strict Rate .

The memori al i sts had al leged th a t the N ew Roa d would n ot be of a n y a dv a nt a ge except to a v erv sm a ll p roportion of the property in

w a s y b y the d i strict , t hat i t promoted onl owners of property al ong i ts

an d b a y y . line , not the r tepayers generall The opposition , however , di d

a w a y not ari se until the New Ro d s very nearl completed .

The origin a l estim a te of its cost w a s but the cost had

y a f b een ver m uch les s , so that the charge of extr vagance was un ounded ,

a a a l l a t he gre test economy h ving b een exerci sed i n in st nces . Hence the memorial i sts f ai led to prove thei r charges . The Report suggested that help should be given to rele a se the two hamlets from their liability to

a a n d co a repai r highw ys , ncluded by declarin g that the New Ro d must materi a lly tend to i mprove the wh ole district a s giving facilities to

ffi a n d O a a n d t ra c pen ing out l nd for mills ot her building purposes , which

a would otherwi se have remained purel y a gricultu r l .

h a . t e The cl im s of the contractor , M r Clough , led to a trial at

L w iverpool Assizes , from hence the Arb itrator tran sferred the di scussion

a a w a s to London . A m j ority of the Bo rd considered that this litigation

H l v n r e . a r t e a d owing largely to the conduct of Messrs Taylor , and c orded thei r di sapproval o f such conduct .

I n 1 87 2 - 3 several W in ew a l l ten a nts refused to repai r thei r porti on

w of h igh ay , an d were prosecuted , b ut in the latter year applicati on was V made that \ in ew a l l b e made a town ship highway . The worki ng

’ s w urveyor s wages a s then per d a v .

1 8 w a s a e I n 74 it resolved , t hat the Bo rd desi r s to express its d w a a a a o e eep sorro for the de th of the l te M r . Thom s S h w , n of it s oldest

1 1 02

H "V C APT E R .

I n a n ear lier cha pte r it w a s shown that t h e n am e Forest or Cha se d id n ot al w a s s n an a ea b u t e x an r i y ig i fy r of trees , a wid e p se ove w h ch

ee n m al s r re d f l the d r or other wild a i oamed and we hunte . I t i s doubt u

er er r s o an s ere s wheth the high pastu e and the m o rl d w ever fore ted , bu t the re i s n o doubt that t h e low er lands and r iver val leys we re m u ch more i th ckly wooded than they are n ow .

ea r s d The last forest patch to di sapp r was the Car y Hey Woo , w hich ex tended to what i s Stil l cal led t h e Wood Bottom s at Cotton

1 8 - 1 8 T ree . The trees i n this wood were cut down about 60 70 .

s r al m A u rvey book of F orests on the T awden H l Estate , ade in

1 80 1 w 1 6 , sho s that in woods , the fi rst n ine of which were i n Trawden se F orest , each tree was numbered , described , and valued , and i n the ca

l s of oak trees , the bark a so had a market value , because it was u eful f o r an . t ning leather The sm all trees were described as cyphers , and were not valued .

D o b o t t o m \Vo o d P I n the g , stretching from where the ri mitive

a nd h o v o J , h Methodist C apel now stands t the ri er ‘bey nd ob Lane t ere 2 1 1 1 6 1 1 an d were 4 trees and 99 cyphers , including 4 ash , 7 oak , elm , W h i l C . t e ee 5 al der trees . Thi s wood has enti rely disappeared At arr a 2 1 bove the old Corn Mill there were 54 trees and 5 cyphers , including \V d 1 2 a n 1 1 6 o a k . oo 6 ash d trees At Ri ngs , including Carry Heys ‘ \Vo o d a n d Hell H ole Wood , opposite the present Gladstone Terrace ,

a n d 2 2 8 a 2 2 1 6 8 there were 974 trees cyphers , mong which were ash , 5

k a n W in ew a l l o a d 6 . , 3 plane trees The plantation below Bridge had ’ Ca tl ow s a a . 2 68 trees , with a m j ority of pl ne trees At Widow , at 6 Hoyle , there were three ash trees ; at Well Head Farm , 3 t rees and 9 ' ’ y La cock s a a t W in ew a l l 20 . c y phers ; and a t H artle y F rm , t rees The

w a 1 pl a nt a ti on ne a r Tra den Hall cont i ned 53 trees and 3 cyphers , most ”

. a of wh ich , were described as dale trees B ckside Farm possessed

55 t rees a nd 3 cyphers .

Outside Tra wden F orest the H igh Rideo u gh F a rm at T h u rsde n

a n 1 a n d 1 6 h a d 2 7 trees d 4 cyphers ; Swindon Farm , 4 9 trees cyphers ;

a a 0 a n d 1 2 ea e F rther Lee F rm , 9 trees cyphers ; N r Lee Farm , 4 t re s ; w 1 80 8 . Lo h Common , trees At the Royd House Farm there ere tree s

y a n d b w 8 a n d 2 . a n d 2 0 c phers , elo Sutton Mill 5 t rees 9 cyphers

1 04 I n the Trawden Forest porti o n there were trees a n d 403 w a cyphers , hile on the whole est te there were trees a n d 547 a a n d b a cyphers , the v lue of wood rk being then estimated a t

I t i s much to be regretted that so li ttle interest has been taken

a i t , i , b n fores ry not only n Tr wden but in all the neigh ouring districts , th a t t h e ext e nsive woods h a ve been destroyed and few trees planted to

M a repl a ce them . y the day soon come when men will take pride in

a t r e a m a pl n ing t e s , lthough only their descendants y enj oy them . Then a ga i n will the Tra w den V al ley become b eautiful with the leafy foli age a n d m a j es t i c splendour th a t only w ell developed trees can give to the

a a l ndsc pe .

w a n Even now the i de exp nse of moorla d , impressive in the cold

a a a al d rk d ys of winter , an d exhil rating in the heat of summer , will ways

t h e a a ir a l l provide most br cing of the country side , and be ever waiting to i nspi re lofty thoughts a n d to give hea lth an d freshn ess to the j aded l town dwe ler .

a a a n The Forest will never l ck ch rm to the str ger , an d proud i s

a n a a h a he who c cl im it as his bi rthpl ce . I t s given to the neighbouring towns m an y of the most prom inent inhab it a nts both in industri a l and

a professi on l circles . I t i s very tempting to make much of their i n ” flu en c a e . in the development of Bonnie Colne , but I refr in Com

a ra t iv el a r e a can p y few i n n umber , they like le ven which leaven the whole l u mp .

The brief record herein attempted i s a hi story quite typical but probably not surpassed in interest or rom a nce by that of an y village

‘ - i i n North E a st Lancas hi re . I trust I have not cla med undue merit for l ll my n a tive vill a ge . To al who have helpe d me in the co ection of

i k cerel h O e a materi a l I tender aga n my deepest than s , and sin y p th t I

f in have not in any degree given of ence to people now liv g.

My chief aims in compiling these An n al s have be en to win respect

r e m n from the stranger , to develop local pride , an d to encou ag so e you g pe ople to equal or surpass t hei r ancestors in building up a worthy record . Only by soj ourning for m a ny ye a rs in the wilderness of a grea t city

a n a ca n one fully a ppreci a te the val ue d charm of life in a country v ill ge ,

a b al l t where there is a society complete in mini ture , exhi iting the streng h

a . a a a s and frailty , the humour and p thos of our race I t i s gre t s et to h a ve bee n rea red in a vill a ge near t h e h i ll s .

1 05 As a field ‘for the futu re novelist Trawden Forest is rich in

O . a b b k pportunities Stories out the uried i st of gold , the po aching on B o u l sw o r t h b ot h by solit a r y g a me hunters, or by groups of . night a h unters , the tragic i ncidents of the Cotton F mi ne , the remarkable

“ a a a a rel i gi ous reviv l s , the rom nce of Tr wden H ll , the many eccentric

a a b al l ch r cters , the successful struggles of am itious men , provide topics

a a n d now w iti ng for the imaginative wri ter , when he comes , the F orest m a a a a c a a D r u m t o ch t y well win pl ce in liter ture om p r ble with y, Thrum s ,

a n or a n y other fa mous vill a ge . Poet d noveli st ca n m a ke word pictures

Of a n d a a b u t a n scenery n tural phenomen , to rouse the highest em oti o s ,

a a h the pl ce must be m de the home of good men , rich in noble thoug ts a n d e v e n a r e deeds , gentlemen in t ruth though they never kn own to the

n greater world , nor ri se to em i ence i n t hei r own l ittle world . To the

w h o a n d a a many such men now live h ve lived in Tr wden F orest , I

n b h O in a h a s conclude my otes y p g th t thi s record won their appreciati on .

(The End . )

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