FUNCTIONAL HUMAN ANATOMY LAB #3 Brain, Spinal Cord and Cranial Nerves

Home , Cranial nerves, Epidural space

Lab 3

BRAIN:

Frontal lobes

Temporal lobes Correspond to the flat bones of the skull that cover the parts of the Parietal lobes cerebrum

Occipital lobes

Cerebellum

Pons

Medulla Oblongata (typically where the brain is severed during dissection)

Corpus Callosum (where the cerebral hemispheres join; can be seen within the longitudinal cerebral fissure)

Meninges and spaces: (superficial to deep - can be seen in both the brain and spinal cord)

Epidural space (potential space in the cranium; actual space in the vertebral canal)

Dura matter (very thick, easily palpable, opaque)

Sub-dural space

Arachnoid matter (very thin, transparent, easier to probe in the brain)

Sub-arachnoid space (contains CSF fluid and much vasculature)

Pia matter (non-dissectable)

12 CRANIAL NERVES: (know general innervations/functions)

(CN I) Olfactory Sensory only - smell; courses on the inferior side of the frontal lobes and parallel to the cribriform plate; nerves go through the perforations in the plate to access the nasal cavity

(CN II) Optic Sensory only - vision; processes light information and turns it into a picture that your brain can recognize

(CN III) Oculomotor Motor and sensory function for the eyes; motor to all muscles except superior oblique m. and lateral rectus m.; controls ciliary muscle (lens) and sphincter muscle (iris); sensory - proprioception (CN IV) Trochlear Motor and sensory function for the eyes; motor to superior oblique muscle; sensory - proprioception

(CN VI) Abducens Motor and sensory function for the eyes; motor to lateral rectus m.; sensory - proprioception

(CN V) Trigeminal Motor and sensory; motor to the muscles of mastication; sensory - teeth, skin of face

1 Lab 3

Motor and sensory; motor to the muscles of mastication; sensory - teeth, skin of face

(CN VII) Facial Motor and sensory; motor to the muscles of facial expression; sensory - proprioception, taste anterior 2/3 of tongue

(CN VIII) Vestibulocochlear Sensory only - hearing and equillibrium

(CN IX) Glossopharyngeal Motor and sensory; motor to upper pharyngeal muscles and parotid gland; sensory - taste posterior 1/3 of tongue, tonsil, middle ear

(CN X) Vagus Motor and sensory; motor to muscles of pharynx and larynx; parasympathetic to heart, lungs, larynx, trachea, bronchi and GI tract

(CN XI) Spinal Accessory Motor only; motor to Sternocleidomastiod m. and Trapezius m.

(CN XII) Hypoglossal Motor only; motor to tongue

Salivary Glands:

Parotid gland/Parotid duct

Submandibular gland (we will not be able to indentify the duct)

Sublingual gland (we will not be able to identify the gland or duct)

Anterior Neck Structures:

called the "floating bone" because it has no direct bony attachments; located superior to Hyoid Bone the Thyroid cartilage

the Laryngeal prominence (adam's apple) is easily palpable (the vocal ligaments (cords) Thyroid cartilage are attached to this point); it is much larger on the male due to secondary growth during puberty; landmarks the area of the Larynx

Crichoid cartilage located inferior to the Thyroid cartilage; landmarks the beginning of the Trachea

Thyroid glands cups around the bottom and sides of the Crichoid and Thyroid cartilages