Freeport, New York

For other locations with this name, see Freeport (disam- 2.1 Location biguation). Freeport is located at 40°39′14″N 73°35′13″W / 40.65389°N 73.58694°W (40.653935, −73.587005).[4] Freeport (officially The Incorporated Village of Freeport) is a village in the town of Hempstead, Nassau Freeport is bisected by east-west New York State Route County, New York, New York, USA, on the South Shore 27, Sunrise Highway. Meadowbrook Parkway defines its of Long Island. The population was 42,860 at the 2010 eastern boundary. census.[1] A settlement since the 1640s, it was once an oystering community and later a resort popular with the New York City theater community. It is now primarily a 2.2 Surrounding communities bedroom suburb but retains a modest commercial water- front and some light industry. Baldwin lies to the west, Merrick to the east, and Roosevelt to the north. The south village boundary is not precisely defined, lying in the salt flats and bays. 1 Description 3 Government Freeport lies on the south shore of Long Island,[2] in the southwestern part of Nassau County, within the town Freeport’s government is made up of four trustees and a of Hempstead. Freeport has its own municipal electric mayor. One trustee also serves in the capacity of deputy utility, police department, fire, and water departments. mayor. Freeport’s first African American mayor, Andrew Freeport is New York State’s second-biggest village[3] and Hardwick, was elected in 2009, but was succeeded on has a station on the Long Island Rail Road. March 20, 2013 by Robert T. Kennedy[3] The current The south part of the village is penetrated by several Deputy Mayor is (Trustee) Jorge Martinez. The current canals that allow access to the Atlantic Ocean by means of Trustees are, Carmen Piñeyro, Ronald Ellerbe, and De- passage through salt marshes. The oldest canal is the late bra S. Mulé. The mayor and board of trustees are elected 19th-century Woodcleft Canal.[2] Freeport has extensive to four-year terms. Freeport’s current government is a small-boat facilities and a resident fishing fleet, as well as bipartisan coalition of Democrats and Republicans. charter and open fishing boats.

4 Demographics 2 Geography As of the census[7] of 2000, there were 43,783 people, 13,504 households, and 9,911 families residing in the village. The population density was 9,531.3 people per square mile (3,682.9/km²). There were 13,819 hous- ing units at an average density of 3,008.3 per square mile (1,162.4/km²). The racial makeup of the vil- lage was 42.9% White, 32.6% African American, 0.5% Native American, 1.4% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 17.2% from other races, and 5.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 33.5% of the population.[8] There were 13,504 households out of which 36.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.7% were married couples living together, 17.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.6% were U.S. Census Map non-families. 21.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.1% had someone living alone who was

1 2 6 HISTORY AND CULTURE

65 years of age or older. The average household size was 6 History and culture 3.20 and the average family size was 3.65. In the village the population was spread out with 26.4% 6.1 History under the age of 18, 9.1% from 18 to 24, 32.1% from 25 to 44, 22.0% from 45 to 64, and 10.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 92.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.3 males. The median income for a household in the village in 1999 was $55,948, and the median income for a family was $61,673. Males had a median income of $37,465 ver- sus $31,869 for females. The per capita income for the village was $21,288. About 8.0% of families and 10.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.5% of those under age 18 and 7.4% of those age 65 or over. As of 2010, the population was 42,860. The demograph- ics were as follows:[9]

• Hispanic - 17,858 (42.5%)

• Black alone - 13,226 (30.9%)

• White alone - 10,113 (23.6%)

• Asian alone - 669 (1.6%)

• Two or more races - 174 (0.4%)

• Other race alone - 292 (0.7%)

• American Indian alone - 94 (0.2%)

5 Transportation Freeport, 1873

Freeport is served by the Freeport station on the Long Is- land Railroad Babylon Branch. It is also a hub for several 6.1.1 Before 1800 Nassau Inter-County Express bus routes. Before people of European ancestry came to the area, • N4: Freeport - Jamaica the land was part of the territory of the Meroke Indians.[10][11] Written records of the community go back • N19: Freeport - Babylon to the 1640s.[11] The village now known as Freeport was part of an area called “the Great South Woods” during • N36: Freeport - Lynbrook colonial times.[11] In the mid-17th century, the area was • N40: Freeport - Mineola via North Main Street renamed Raynor South, and ultimately Raynortown, af- ter a herdsman named Edward Raynor, who had moved • N41: Freeport - Mineola via Babylon Turnpike to the area from Hempstead in 1659, cleared land, and built a cabin.[2][11][12] • N43: Freeport - Roosevelt Field Mall

• N62: South Freeport Loop 6.1.2 1800-1900 • N87: Hicksville - Jones Beach (Summer Service Only) In 1853, residents voted to rename the village Freeport, adopting a variant of a nickname used by ship captains • N88: Freeport - Jones Beach (Summer Service during colonial times because they were not charged cus- Only) toms duties to land their cargo.[2][11][12] 6.1 History 3

in surrounding communities.[10] It is one of two munici- pally owned electric systems in Nassau County; the other is in Rockville Centre.[16] Public street lighting was be- gun in 1907, and a public fire alarm system was adopted in 1910.[17]

The “Kissing Bridge,” which no longer exists, crossed the Freeport-Baldwin border over Milburn Creek at Seaman Avenue. This 1921 map of Freeport relates to a sewer bond issue; the Postcard c. 1913. districts shown are sewer districts, and trunk sewers are shown in detail. The borders shown are not exactly those of the village In the years after incorporation, Freeport was a tourist (Freeport continues north of Seaman Avenue, and of course this and sportsman’s destination for its boating and fishing. map is cut off to the south). The map predates the construction of Sunrise Highway (just south of the railroad tracks), and roughly the northern two-thirds of what is shown as a reservoir at left is 6.1.3 1900-1939 now the site of Freeport High School and its grounds. However, this does provide a detailed map of most Freeport streets at that time, a great many of which still retain the same locations and From 1902 into the late 1920s, the New York and Long names. Island Traction Corporation ran trolleys through Freeport to Jamaica, Hempstead, and Brooklyn. These trolleys went down Main Street in Freeport, connecting to a ferry After the Civil War, Freeport became a center for com- near Woodcleft Avenue. The ferries took people to Point mercial oystering. This trade began to decline as early as Lookout, about three miles (5 km) south of Freeport, the beginning of the 20th century because of changing where there is an ocean beach. For a few years af- salinity and increased pollution in Great South Bay.[10] ter 1913, the short-lived Freeport Railroad ran a train Nonetheless, even as of the early 21st century Freeport nicknamed “the Fishermen’s Delight” along Grove Street and nearby Point Lookout have the largest concentration (now Guy Lombardo Avenue) from Sunrise Highway to of commercial fishing activity anywhere near New York the waterfront.[10] Also in this era, in 1910 Arthur and City.[13] Albert Heinrich flew the first American-made, American- From 1868, Freeport was served by the Southside Rail- powered monoplane, built in their Merrick Road airplane factory (see also Heinrich Pursuit).[10] WGBB, founded in road, which was a major boon to development. The [10] most prominent figure in this boom was developer John 1924, became Long Island’s first 24-hour radio station. J. Randall; among his other contributions to the shape of In the late 19th century, Freeport was the summer re- Freeport today were several canals, including the Wood- sort of wealthy politicians, publishers, and so forth. At cleft Canal, one side of which is now the site of the “Nau- the time, travel from Freeport to New York City required tical Mile”.[10] Randall, who opposed all of Freeport’s be- a journey of several hours on a coal-powered train, or ing laid out in a grid, put up a Victorian house virtually an even more arduous automobile trip on the single-lane overnight on a triangular plot at the corner of Lena Av- Merrick Road. enue and Wilson Place to spite the grid designers.[14] The [14] According to Elinor Smith, the arrival of Diamond Jim Freeport Spite House still is standing and occupied. Brady and Lillian Russell around the start of the 20th In January 1873, before Nassau County had split off from century marked the beginning of what by 1914 would Queens, the Queens County treasurer set up an office at become an unofficial theatrical artists’ colony, especially Freeport.[15] The village residents voted to incorporate of vaudeville performers.[18] Freeport’s population was the village on October 18, 1892.[2][11] At that time, it largest in the summer season, during which most of the had a population of 1,821.[12] In 1898, Freeport estab- theaters of the time were closed and performers left for lished a municipal electric utility, which still operates to- cooler climes.[10] Some had year-round family homes in day, giving the village lower electricity rates than those Freeport.[19] Leo Carrillo and Victor Moore were early 4 6 HISTORY AND CULTURE

arrivals,[20] later joined by Fannie Brice, Trixie Frig- War II the village became a bedroom community for anza, Sophie Tucker, Harry Ruby,[21] Fred Stone, Helen New York City. The separation between the two eras Broderick, Moran and Mack, Will Rogers, Bert Kalmar, was marked by a fire that destroyed the Freeport Hotel Richard Whiting, Harry von Tilzer, Rae Samuels, Belle in the late 1950s. During the 1950s local merchants re- Baker, Grace Hayes, Pat Rooney, Duffy and Sweeney, sisted building any shopping malls in the village and sub- the Four Mortons, McKay and Ardine, and Eva Tanguay. sequently suffered a great loss of business when large Buster Keaton, W. C. Fields, and many other theatrical malls were built in communities in the central part of performers who did not own homes there were also fre- Long Island. quent visitors.[20] The landscape of Freeport underwent further change with Several of Freeport’s actors gathered together as the Long a significant increase in apartment building construction. Island Good Hearted Thespian Society (LIGHTS), with When such buildings went up in just two years in the early a clubhouse facing onto Great South Bay.[10][22] LIGHTS 1960s, the Village passed a moratorium on multi-unit res- presented summer shows in Freeport from the mid-1910s idential construction.[26] [10] to the mid-1920s. LIGHTS also sponsored a summer- While never a major boatbuilding center, Freeport can time “Christmas Parade”, featuring clowns, acrobats, and boast some notable figures in that field. Fred and Mirto once even some borrowed elephants. It was held at this Scopinich operated their boatyard in Freeport from just unlikely time of year because the theater people were all [23] after World War I until they moved it to East Quogue working during the real Christmas season. A Coney Is- in the late 1960s. Their Freeport Point Shipyard built land–style amusement park called Playland Park thrived boats for the United States Coast Guard, but also for from the early 1920s until the early 1930s but was de- [27] [24] Prohibition-era rumrunners. From 1937 to 1945 the stroyed by a fire. shipyard built small boats for the United States Navy and With the resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan on Long Island British Royal Navy.[10] The marina and dealership oper- in the 1920s many villages in Nassau and Suffolk coun- ated by Al Grover in 1950 remains in Freeport and in ties were the focal point of Klan activity. According to his family. Grover’s company built fishing skiffs from the a story in Newsday detailing the history of Long Island, 1970s until about 1990. One of these, a 26-footer, car- “often, respected clergymen and public officials openly ried Grover and his sons from Nova Scotia to Portugal supported the Klan and attended its rallies. On Sept. 20, in 1985, the first-ever crossing of the Atlantic Ocean 1924, for instance, the Klan drew 30,000 spectators to a by a boat powered by an outboard motor.[10] Columbian parade through Freeport – with the village police chief, Bronze operated in Freeport from its 1901 founding until John M. Hartman, leading a procession of 2,000 robed it closed shop in 1988. Among this company’s achieve- men.... the founding of one of Long Island’s first klav- ments was the propeller for the USS Nautilus, an opera- erns, in Freeport, was memorialized on Sept. 8, 1922, tional nuclear-powered submarine and the first vessel to in the Daily Review, which carried a banner headline complete a submerged transit across the North Pole.[10] about the meeting at Mechanics Hall on Railroad Avenue. About 150 new members were greeted by seven robed Klansmen.”[25] 6.2 Culture

The Sigmond Opera House (shown here c. 1913), originally a vaudeville theater and later a cinema, stood at 70 South Main On the Nautical Mile, 2012 Street. Freeport is a Long Island hot spot during the summer sea- son in New York. A popular festival occurs on Freeport’s 6.1.4 1940-present Nautical Mile (the west side of Woodcleft Canal) the first weekend in June each year, which attracts many people By 1937, Freeport’s population exceeded 20,000, and it from across Long Island and New York City. The Nauti- was the largest village in Nassau County.[12] After World cal Mile is a strip along the water that features well-known 6.3 Architecture 5 seafood restaurants, crab shacks, bars, eclectic little bou- tiques, fresh fish markets, as well as party cruise ships and casino boats that float atop the canals. People line up for the boat rides and eat at restaurants that feature seating on the water’s edge and servings of mussels, oysters, crabs, and steamed clams (“steamers”) accompanied by pitch- ers of beer. An 18-hole miniature golf course is popu- lar among families. The Sea Breeze waterfront park— which includes a transient marina, boardwalk, rest rooms and benches—opened in 2009 at the foot of the Nautical Mile. It has proven to be a very popular spot to sit and watch the marine traffic and natural scenery. This is in addition to an existing scenic pier. Interior of post office Freeport has an ethnically and racially diverse popula- tion. There is one housing project, named after Nas- sau County’s first black judge, Moxie Rigby. Freeport’s Reservoir. An unsuccessful 1989 plan would have turned [30][31] Hispanic community is made up of Puerto Ricans and the building into condos. Currently, the parcel is immigrants who hail from Colombia, the Dominican Re- the subject of litigation and ongoing investigations by public, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and many various agencies. Long Island Traditions also describes other Latin American nations. Among the many Latin- the sites of notable architecture in Freeport’s history, [32] American-themed businesses are the Compare Foods Su- such as bay men’s homes and commercial fishing [33] permarkets, several grocery stores, and restaurants along establishments, some of which are still existing, as well Merrick Road and Main Street that serve Caribbean, as the still-existing Fiore’s Fish Market and Two Cousins, Central American, Dominican, and South American which are located in historic waterfront buildings, built by cuisines. the owners, so they could negotiate directly with the bay- men as they pulled into dock.[34] Freeport, along with neighboring Merrick, is also the gateway to Jones Beach, one of the largest state beaches Long Island Traditions also describes and provides a pho- [35] in New York. One famous area is the Town of Hemp- tograph of the no-longer existing Woodcleft Hotel and [36] stead Marina, where people from all over Long Island important boatyards, about which the site writes: dock their boats. Freeport is a 45-minute ride by the Long Island Rail Road to Manhattan, making the trip an easy In Freeport the Maresca boatyard stands on commute to New York City. the site of what is now the Long Island Ma- rine Education Center owned by the Village From 1974 to 1986, Freeport was one of the few Long Is- of Freeport. Founded in the 1920s by Phillip land towns to hold a sizeable open-air market area, known Maresca, they built both recreational and com- [28] as the Freeport Mall. The heart of the Main Street mercial boats. Their customers included Guy business area was closed to vehicular traffic and reconfig- Lombardo and party boat captains. The busi- ured for pedestrians only. The experiment was not a suc- ness was taken over by Everett Maresca, who cess. The W. T. Grant store that was supposed to anchor died in 1995. The original building remains the mall closed, along with the rest of that chain, shortly relatively intact, consisting of a large concrete after the mall opened. The mall area became shabby and block structure. Further down on Woodcleft disused, and many businesses failed. The mall was dis- Canal stands the former Scopinich Boatyard, mantled and returned to through traffic with regular park- now part of Shelter Point Marine services. The [29] ing on each side of the street. structure is obscured by corrugated metal sid- ing but elements of its original frame struc- ture remain. The yard was founded by Fred 6.3 Architecture Scopinich, a Greek immigrant in the early 1900s. His grandson Fred moved the yard to Just north of the high school and the railroad tracks East Quogue. The Freeport yard specialized is the ruin of the former Brooklyn Water Works, de- in building commercial fishing boats includ- scribed by Christopher Gray of the New York Times ing trawlers, government boats for the Coast as looking like an “ancient, war-damaged abbey.” De- Guard, rum running boats, as well as sailboats signed by architect Frank Freeman and opened in 1891 and garveys for local baymen. Finally the orig- to serve the City of Brooklyn (later made a borough of inal Grover boatyard, founded by Al Grover, New York City), it was fully active until 1929 with a stands on Woodcleft Avenue a short distance capacity of 54 million gallons a day, and remained in from the Maresca yard. A modest frame build- standby for emergency use until 1977, when the pumps ing, approximately 20 people worked there. and other machinery were removed. See Ridgewood Today the yard is located north of the Nauti- 6 6 HISTORY AND CULTURE

cal Mile on South Main street, run by Grover’s sons. Their yard consists of modern corrugated structures used primarily for maintenance and storage.

6.4 Freeport Memorial Library

Plaque marking the first public school in Freeport, NY; Located at the corner of North Main Street and Church Street, in front of the Cannon.

side of the town. Seventh and 8th graders attend John W. Dodd Middle School. The Middle School is built on the property that housed the older Freeport High School, but not on exactly the same site. The old high school served Freeport Memorial Library for some years as the junior high; then the new junior high was built on what was previously parking lot and play- The Freeport Memorial Library is one of Nassau ground, and the old building was torn down. A Catholic County’s largest public libraries. The library was founded school, the De La Salle School, is run by the Christian in 1884 as part of the school system, granted a provisional Brothers and accepts boys from grades 5–8. charter by the state Board of Regents in 1895, and a per- manent charter on December 21, 1899. In 1911 it was Children in grades 9–12 attend Freeport High School, moved from a school building to a rented room in the which borders the town of Baldwin and sits beside the Miller Building on South Grove Street. At that time it Milburn duck pond, which is fed by a creek, several hun- was a membership library: members paid ten cents for a dred yards of which was diverted underground when the card and were permitted to borrow two books at a time, high school was built. Freeport High School’s mascot one fiction and one nonfiction.[37] is the Red Devil, and its colors are red and white. The school has track-and-field facilities. One unique feature A drive was started in 1920 to construct a library build- of the school’s curriculum is a science research program ing. The resulting library at the corner of Merrick Road run in cooperation with the State University of New York and Ocean Avenue, a Beaux Arts building designed by ar- at Stony Brook. The school offers numerous advanced chitect Charles M. Hart, opened on Memorial Day, 1924. placement courses and was a pioneer in distance learning A year later it was renamed Freeport Memorial Library. at the high school level. Roughly 87 percent of the high In 1928, a tablet was erected with the names of Freeport’s school’s graduates go on to some form of higher educa- war dead from the American Civil War, Spanish Ameri- [37] tion. A community night school for teen-agers had 236 can War, and World War I. students as of 1999.[24] Additional wings were dedicated on April 19, 1959, and As early as 1886, Freeport’s schools began the then- on Memorial Day, 1985. Plaques were added to honor unusual policy of providing their students with free text- Freeporters who died in World War II, the Korean War, [37] books. In 1893, the newly incorporated village con- and the Vietnam War. structed a ten-room brick schoolhouse. Also in the late 19th century, the community was among the first Long Is- 6.5 Schools land communities to establish an “academic department”, offering classes beyond the elementary school level.[39] For the 2009–10 school year, there were 6,257 students Freeport saw its share of the social, political, and racial enrolled in Freeport’s public schools.[38] The children of turbulence of the late 1960s and early 1970s. The 1969– Freeport, in grades 1–4, attend four magnet elementary 70 school year saw three high school principals in the schools, each with a different specialty: Archer Street village’s only high school, succeeded in August 1970 by (Microsociety and Multimedia), Leo F. Giblyn (School William McElroy, formerly the junior high school princi- of International Cultures), Bayview Avenue (School of pal, who came to the position “in the midst of racial ten- Arts and Sciences), and New Visions (School of Explo- sion and a constantly-polarizing student body";[40] McEl- ration & Discovery). In grades 5 and 6, all public school roy backed such initiatives as a student advisory commit- children attend Caroline G. Atkinson School on the north tee to the Board of Education and, in his own words, 7

“made [him]self available to any civic-minded group” Pullman porters. For a few years after that, the NFL that wished to discuss with him the situation in the school. Brooklyn Dodgers football team, who, like their baseball By May 1972, he could claim success, of a sort. “For- namesakes, played at Ebbets Field, used the stadium as merly, a fight between a black and a white student would a midweek training site.[10] The site is now a BJs Ware- automatically become racial; now a fight is just a fight— house Club. [40] between two students.” Freeport is home to the Freeport Recreation Center, The Freeport High School newspaper, Flashings, founded which features an enclosed, year-round ice skating rink; 1920, is believed to be the oldest high school paper on an indoor pool; an outdoor Olympic-size pool; an outdoor Long Island.[41] It has won numerous awards over sev- diving tank; an outdoor children’s pool; handball courts; eral decades.[42] From 1969 until 1999 it operated under sauna; steam room; fully equipped workout gyms; bas- “free press” guidelines unusual for a high school newspa- ketball courts; and snack bars serving hot and cold foods. per, with an active role for the students in picking their The “Rec Center” also offers evening adult classes and own faculty adviser, and with ultimate editorial control hosts a pre-school program, camp programs, and a senior firmly in the hands of students.[41][42] Throughout that center. time, Ira Schildkraut functioned as faculty adviser.[41][42] In 1999 the school administration removed Schildkraut from that role, and attempted to establish themselves as 7 Notable people censors.[41][42] That last decision was turned back by the school board after it drew attention from, among others, • [10] The New York Times and the Student Press Law Cen- Cindy Adams, gossip columnist. ter. However, the resolution of the dispute did reduce • Medea Benjamin (born Susan Benjamin), political the student journalists’ role in selecting their own faculty activist, co-founder of Code Pink[46] adviser, and increased the faculty adviser’s editorial au- thority relative to the student journalists’.[42] • Leo Carrillo, actor (Pancho in the Cisco Kid series) From about 1970 to 1973, the town and Freeport High built a home on Randalls Channel at the corner of [47] School achieved recognition because of its math team’s Roosevelt and South Long Beach Avenues. (“The Mathletes”) performance in regional inter-school • Broderick Crawford, actor.[10] math competitions and performance on advanced math- ematics tests including the Olympiad and those from the • Chris Edmonds, 1985 NCAA Division 1 Wrestling MAA. In addition, in about 1970, Freeport High School Champion[48] became one of the few schools in the country then to have a general purpose computer on the premises dedicated • D'Brickashaw Ferguson, probowl offensive tackle to student use and teaching programming, an IBM 1620 for the New York Jets[49] donated by IBM. The 1620 was later replaced by remote • access to a DEC System 10 then, later, an on-site PDP- Dick Finley, member of the National Lacrosse Hall [50] 11/40 running the RSTS/E time sharing system, also ded- of Fame. icated to the students. Much credit for the team and com- • Flavor Flav (Rico Drayton), rapper and reality puters goes to FHS math teachers and to the Freeport TV star; grew up in Freeport and neighboring School District’s head of Mathematics, Joseph Holbrook. Roosevelt.[51] In June 2008 sixteen people were arrested after violence erupted in the high school.[43] • Kay Gardner, was a musician, composer, author, and musical producer who lived in Freeport.[52] In a 2010 Newsday story regarding Long Island eighth- grader scores on Regents Exams, which have traditionally • George Gollin, elementary particle physicist and been given to students in ninth grade and up, Freeport was physics professor[53] ranked in the lower tier.[44] • Morlon Greenwood, football player[54]

6.6 Sports and recreation • Havoc of hip-hop group Mobb Deep lives in Freeport.[55] From 1931 until the early 1980s, Freeport was home • Jay Hieron, retired professional mixed martial arts to Freeport Speedway, originally Freeport Municipal fighter and IFL welterweight champion[56][57] Stadium. Seating about 10,000, the stadium origi- nally hosted “midget” auto races; after World War II it • Eddie Gordon, professional mixed martial arts switched to stock car racing and eventually demolition fighter and UFC's TUF winner [58] derbies.[45] In the early 1930s it was the playfield for the Pennsylvania Red Caps of New York, a semi-pro base- • Mitch Kapor, founder of Lotus Development Cor- ball team which took their name from the caps worn by poration and the designer of Lotus 1-2-3[59] 8 9 REFERENCES

• Erik Larson, author of books such as Isaac’s Storm 8 In popular culture and The Devil in the White City, attended Freeport [60] High School. 8.1 Television • Peter Lerangis, American author of children’s and young-adult fiction; valedictorian of the FHS Class • Season 1, episode 56 of History Alive, “Rumrun- of 1973[61] ners, Moonshiners and Bootleggers” (1995), de- scribes boat making operations and illicit business • Steve Lieberman, punk rock bassist, flautist, singer ventures in Freeport.[73] signed to JDub Records known as The Gangsta Rabbi and served as Freeport Village Comptroller • Season 5, episode 8 of The Sopranos,"Marco (1998-2014) [62] Polo" (April 25, 2004), reveals that the crew of Lupertazzi crime family member Jerry Basile oper- • Guy Lombardo, musician and big bandleader, lived ates in Freeport. in Freeport during the latter portion of his life. His former residence on South Grove Street (now Guy Lombardo Avenue) included a boathouse where he kept his powerful speed boats, which he raced on the 9 References ocean.[10] [1] “Race, Hispanic or Latino, Age, and Housing Occupancy: • Charles Manning, international fashion model[63] 2010 Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File (QT-PL), Freeport village, New York”. • Donnie McClurkin, Grammy Award-winning U.S. Census Bureau, American FactFinder 2. Retrieved American gospel singer, and founder and pastor of October 3, 2011. Perfecting Faith Church in Freeport.[64] [2] Newsday.com Long Island History: Freeport, Retrieved • Prodigy of hip-hop group Mobb Deep lives in July 20, 2006. Freeport.[65] [3] Laura Rivera (April 6, 2009). “300 watch as Andrew • Lou Reed, singer-songwriter and founding member Hardwick sworn in as Freeport mayor”. Newsday. Re- of The Velvet Underground[66] trieved October 4, 2011.

• Branch Rickey, owner of the Brooklyn Dodgers.[10] [4] “US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990”. United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04- • Dick Schaap, was an American sportswriter, broad- 23. caster, and author[67] [5] “Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incor- • Henry Slocum, inventor of the inflatable “Mae porated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014”. Retrieved West” vest-style lifejacket.[10] June 4, 2015.

• Elinor Smith, 1920s aviator.[10][68] [6] “Census of Population and Housing”. Census.gov. Re- trieved June 4, 2015. • Hale Smith, 20th-century composer. [7] “American FactFinder”. United States Census Bureau. • Susan Sullivan, actress.[10] Retrieved 2008-01-31.

• Brandon Tartikoff, television executive; grew up [8] “Freeport (village) Fact Sheet”. U.S. Census Bureau in Freeport,[10] but did not attend the public high (American FactFinder). Retrieved March 26, 2009. school. [9] http://www.zip-codes.com/city/ • Harold E. Varmus, 1989 recipient of the Nobel ny-freeport-2010-census.asp [69][70] Prize in Physiology or Medicine [10] Bill Bleyer, Freeport: Action on the Nautical Mile, News- day.com. Retrieved November 14, 2008. Archival copy • Paul Wehrum, member of the National Lacrosse at the Wayback Machine (archived June 20, 2009). Hall of Fame.[71] • [11] “L.I. Town Marks Anniversary With Remembrances of Jean R. Yawkey, wife of Boston Red Sox owner Times Gone By; Fete in Freeport to Hail 70th Year: Town Tom Yawkey and owner of the team from his to Mark Anniversary With Parade Saturday”, The New death in 1976 until her own in 1992, grew up in York Times, October 16, 1962, p. 41. Freeport.[72] [12] “Old Freeport Days: New Development Site Was Once • Michael Zielenziger, American journalist and an Indian Encampment”, The New York Times, May 23, author[42] 1937, p. 199. 9

[13] Point Lookout, Coastal Resources Online, New York [35] “Architecture: South Shore Estuary Site”. Long Island State Department of State Division of Coastal Resources. Traditions. Retrieved 23 November 2012. Part of a technical report on Maritime centers. Retrieved November 16, 2008. [36] “Architecture: Boatyards”. Long Island Traditions. Re- trieved 23 November 2012. [14] Mason-Draffen, Carrie. (March 30, 1997) Newsday Liv- ing In – Diversity Freely Spices Freeport. Section: Life; [37] Freeport Memorial Library History, Freeport Memorial Page E25. Library official site. Retrieved November 15, 2008.

[15] “Long Island”. The New York Times. January 13, 1873. [38] NYSED, The New York State District Report Card Ac- countability and Overview Report 2009–10, New York [16] Smits 1974, p. 51 State Education Department, February 5, 2011. Retrieved April 21, 2011. [17] Smits 1974, p. 56 [39] Smits 1974, pp. 31, 33 [18] Smith 1981, pp. 22–25 [40] Veronica Seabrook, “McElroy Sees Change Evolving”, [19] Smith 1981, pp. 25–34 Flashings (Freeport High School newspaper), May 15, 1972. p. 3–4. [20] Smith 1981, p. 26 [41] Jodi Wilgoren, Lessons: High School Students Learn [21] Lawrence van Gelder, “A Pioneer Pilot Clears Some About Freedom of the Press, The New York Times, Clouds”, The New York Times, July 5, 1981. p. LI2. November 17, 1999. Retrieved November 15, 2008.

[22] Smith 1981, pp. 27–28 [42] Students fight for free press: Editors to retain control over newspaper despite school officials’ efforts, Student Press [23] Smith 1981, p. 28 Law Center Report Vol. XXI, No. 1, Winter 1999–2000 [24] John Rather, If You're Thinking of Living In Freeport, – High School Censorship, p. 18. Retrieved November 13, The New York Times, January 17, 1999. Retrieved 2008. November 16, 2008. [43] Rivera, Laura. “16 Arrested in Freeport High School [25] David Behrens, “The KKK Flares Up on LI”, Newsday, Melee”, Newsday, 2008-06-17. 1998. Reproduced online at brookhavensouthhaven.org [44] John Hildebrand, Number of LI eighth-graders taking Re- (no archive date) and (archive link) at the Wayback Ma- gent exams jumps, Newsday, June 22, 2010. Retrieved chine (archived June 12, 2004) from the Newsday “Long October 4, 2011. Island, Our Story” site. Retrieved October 4, 2011. [45] Freeport Speedway: Photos from the 1970s (LaSheef’s [26] Smits 1974, p. 204 Racing Photos)

[27] History Alive: Rumrunners, Moonshiners and Bootleggers [46] Freeport High School (1970). Voyageur '70 (yearbook). Trivia and Quotes (television). History Channel. February p. 116. 23, 2007. Retrieved March 11, 2011. [47] Glacken, Bill (November 2004). “Message from the [28] “Board of Trustees Minutes, 1974. Mayor”. Freeport, NY – official website. Retrieved November 14, 2008. [29] Special to the New York Times (The New York Times); Metropolitan Desk (December 7, 1986). “Freeport Aban- [48] “Chris Edmonds”. Lighthousewrestling.com. February 23, doning Failed Pedestrian Mall”. The New York Times. 2009. Retrieved January 14, 2015. Late City Final Edition, Section 1: Page 54, Column 1, 756 words. [49] Schlabach, Mark (April 25, 2006). “Ferguson’s Weight- and-See Attitude”. Washington Post. p. E01. Retrieved [30] Christopher Gray, STREETSCAPES: Millburn Pumping November 13, 2008. Station; A Rundown 'Abbey' Gets New Life as Condo- miniums, New York Times, October 1, 1989. Retrieved [50] “Richard C. Finley], National Lacrosse Hall of Fame”. US July 20, 2006. Lacrosse, Inc. 1995. Retrieved October 4, 2011.

[31] Brooklyn Water Works on the Long Island Oddities site. [51] Gamboa, Glenn (April 16, 2008). “Flavor Flav’s breakout Retrieved July 20, 2006. role”. Newsday. Retrieved May 12, 2008.

[32] “Architecture: Bay Men’s Homes”. Long Island Tradi- [52] “Program Notes”. USD Symphony. Spring 2002. Re- tions. Retrieved 23 November 2012. trieved November 14, 2008.

[33] “Commercial Fishing”. Long Island Traditions. Retrieved [53] “Faculty bio for Professor George Gollin, Department of 23 November 2012. Physics”. University of Illinois. Retrieved March 8, 2008.

[34] “Fish Markets & Eateries”. Long Island Traditions. Re- [54] “FHS Gridiron Alumnus Funds Weight Room”. Freeport trieved 23 November 2012. Public Schools. Retrieved November 13, 2008. 10 12 EXTERNAL LINKS

[55] Ahmed, Insanul (May 12, 2011). “Prodigy Breaks Down 10 Sources His 25 Most Essential Songs”. Complex. Retrieved Au- gust 20, 2011. • Bleyer, Bill (June 20, 2009). “Freeport: Action on the Nautical Mile”. Newsday.com. Archival copy at [56] “Jay Hieron”. Official website of the International Fight the Wayback Machine (archived June 20, 2009). League. Retrieved November 14, 2008.

[57] “Exclusive interview with Jay Hieron”. MMARising.com. • Smith, Elinor (1981). “Aviatrix”. Harcourt Brace Retrieved November 14, 2008. Jovanovich. ISBN 0-15-110372-0.

[58] “Eddie Gordon”. Sherdog.com. • Smits, Edward J. (1974). “Nassau Suburbia, U.S.A.: The First Seventy-five Years of Nassau [59] “Mitch Kapor”. KurzweilAI.net. Retrieved November 13, County, New York, 1899 to 1974”. Syosset, New 2008. York: Friends of the Nassau County Museum, Dis- tributed by Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-08902-3. [60] “Erik Larson, 2003 National Book Award Finalist: Non- fiction”. The National Book Foundation. 2003. Retrieved November 13, 2008. 11 Further reading [61] “Peter Lerangis (contributor bio)". Scholastic.com. Re- trieved November 13, 2008. • “Boat Builders”. Long Island Traditions. Retrieved 23 November 2012. [62] Epstein, Reid J. (May 3, 2011). “Music is His Message”. • Newsday. p. A17. “Communities: Western Nassau”. Long Island Tra- ditions. Retrieved 23 November 2012. [63] Freeport Public Schools (June 29, 2014). “International • “Freeport”. Long Island Memories. Long Island Star”. Retrieved November 8, 2014. Library Resources Council digitization program. [64] “Profile: Donnie McClurkin”. PBS Religion & Ethics. Mainly images. May 6, 2005. Retrieved November 14, 2008. (Episode • “Freeport Speedway (listed in New York Auto Rac- no. 836) ing History)". New Jersey Racing News.

[65] Ahmed, Insanul (May 12, 2011). “Prodigy Breaks Down • “Re-Imagining Freeport’s North Main Street Cor- His 25 Most Essential Songs”. Complex. Retrieved Au- ridor and Station Area” (PDF). FreeportNY.gov. gust 20, 2011. September 15, 2009. contains numerous recent photos of Freeport on p. 27–60; images from p. 61 [66] “Lou Reed”. American Masters (PBS). Retrieved Novem- ber 13, 2008. onward are not Freeport. • “Run Runners”. Long Island Traditions. Retrieved [67] Sandomir, Richard Sandomir (December 22, 2001). 23 November 2012. “Dick Schaap Dies at 67; Ubiquitous Sports Journalist”. The New York Times. Retrieved November 14, 2008.

[68] Smith 1981, p. 22 12 External links

[69] “Harold E. Varmus – Autobiography”. Nobelprize.org, 12.1 Village of Freeport links The Official Web Site of the Nobel Foundation. • Freeport official website [70] Tore Frängsmyr, Tore, ed. (1990). Les Prix Nobel: The Nobel Prizes 1989. Stockholm: Nobel Foundation. • Freeport Fire Department official website

[71] “Paul Wehrum, National Lacrosse Hall of Fame”. US • Freeport Public Schools official website Lacrosse, Inc. 1995. Retrieved October 4, 2011. • “Welcome to the Village of Freeport”. Long Is- [72] Thomas, Jr., Robert McG. (February 27, 1992). “Jean land.com. R. Yawkey, Red Sox Owner and Philanthropist, Is Dead at 83”. The New York Times. Retrieved November 14, 2008. 12.2 Nautical Mile links

[73] “Rumrunners, Moonshiners and Bootleggers (episode • Freeport Nautical Mile website 1.56)". History Alive (History channel). 1995. Retrieved March 11, 2011. • Freeport’s Nautical Mile – What it is, things to do... 12.2 Nautical Mile links 11

• Interactive Map of Nautical Mile, Freeport, NY

• “Nautical Mile”. Newsday Entertainment: Local Guide. 2007.

• Operation Splash, Freeport group fighting water- front pollution 12 13 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

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