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The Historical Changes of New Westminster's Brunette Creek

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The Historical Changes of New Westminster's Brunette Creek The historical changes of New Westminster’s Brunette Creek industrial land by Chris Hatcher B.A., Concordia University, 2009 Project Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Urban Studies in the Urban Studies Program Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences Chris Hatcher 2017 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Fall 2017 Approval Name: Chris Hatcher Degree: Master of Urban Studies Title: The historical changes of New Westminster’s Brunette Creek industrial land Examining Committee: Chair: Karen Ferguson Professor, Urban Studies and History Peter V. Hall Senior Supervisor Professor, Urban Studies Patrick J. Smith Supervisor Professor, Urban Studies and Political Science Roger Hayter External Examiner Professor Emeritus, Geography Date Defended/Approved: November 28, 2017 ii Ethics Statement iii Abstract This research focuses on how economic and transportation infrastructure changes impact industrial land uses from 1945 to 2014 in the Brunette Creek industrial area of New Westminster, British Columbia. Using a mixed method approach, I conduct a statistical analysis of industrial business listings data and link these results to a content analysis over the study time period. The research shows that industrial land uses were impacted by changes to the economy and transportation infrastructure projects in the region. Economic changes in manufacturing production methods, de-industrialization and rise of the service sector impacted the study area’s land uses and led to industrial diversification. Transportation projects including the development of key road networks, the Port Mann Bridge in 1963 and rapid transit infrastructure had both direct and indirect impacts on industrial land uses in Brunette Creek. Keywords: Industrial land; economic change; transportation infrastructure; forestry; industrial diversification; history iv Dedication To the memory of my father David Hatcher, a great man whom I miss every day. v Acknowledgements This research project could not have been completed without the support of many people. I would like to take this opportunity to thank all the people who helped me through this process. The first person I’d like to thank is my senior supervisor, Dr. Peter V. Hall, whose guidance, patience and assistance I am forever grateful for. Through difficult times during this process, Peter continued to believe in me, which allowed me to persevere through to completion of this research project. I’ve learned so much from Peter during my time at SFU and will take this knowledge into my future endeavours. I’d also like to thank my supervisor Dr. Patrick J. Smith for his insights and knowledge and Dr. Roger Hayter, who took time out of his schedule to serve as my external examiner. I’d also thank Terri Evans from the SFU Urban Studies Program for her assistance and motivation throughout my time in the program. Thank you to all my colleagues from the SFU Urban Studies Program that I’ve worked with, it was an honour to collaborate with you over the years. A special thank you to one of my closest friends Megan Fitzgerald, who inspired me to continue my education at the masters level and supported me over the years. I could not have completed this research project without her encouragement. Thank you to my friend Trevor Hargreaves, who provided insightful comments and edits on my research. Finally, I want to thank my Mom and Grandma for supporting me every step of the way. vi Table of Contents Approval ............................................................................................................................ ii Ethics Statement ............................................................................................................... iii Abstract ............................................................................................................................ iv Dedication ......................................................................................................................... v Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................... vi Table of Contents ............................................................................................................. vii List of Tables .................................................................................................................... ix List of Figures.................................................................................................................... x Chapter 1. Introduction ................................................................................................ 1 1.1. Background ............................................................................................................. 2 1.2. Study Area: The City of New Westminster and the Brunette Creek Industrial Area 3 1.3. Thesis Statement / Research Question .................................................................. 6 1.4. Relevance of the Research to the field of Urban Studies ....................................... 7 1.5. Thesis Overview ...................................................................................................... 8 Chapter 2. Literature Review ..................................................................................... 10 2.1. Economic Location ................................................................................................ 10 2.1.1. General Location Theories ............................................................................ 11 2.1.2. Anchor Business / Economic Clustering ....................................................... 14 2.2. De-Industrialization and Industrial Diversification ................................................. 16 2.2.1. De-industrialization ........................................................................................ 17 2.2.2. Industrial Diversification and Rise of Service Sector ..................................... 19 2.2.3. Service Sector ............................................................................................... 20 2.3. British Columbia Forestry Industry ........................................................................ 21 2.4. Transportation Infrastructure’s influence on industrial land use ............................ 25 Chapter 3. Methodology ............................................................................................ 29 3.1. Statistical Analysis of Establishment Listing Data ................................................. 30 3.1.1. Herfindahl-Hirschman Index Statistical Analysis ........................................... 35 3.2. Content Analysis ................................................................................................... 38 3.3. Brunette Creek – Relationship between Transportation Infrastructure and Industrial Land................................................................................................................. 41 Chapter 4. Findings .................................................................................................... 43 4.1. Statistical Analysis – 1945 to 2014 ....................................................................... 43 4.2. Economy, Transportation and Industrial Business Prior to 1945 .......................... 54 4.2.1. Economic Changes before 1945 ................................................................... 54 4.2.2. Transportation Infrastructure before 1945 ..................................................... 55 4.2.3. Industrial Businesses before 1945 ................................................................ 57 4.3. Economic, Transportation and Industrial Changes – 1945 to 1965 ...................... 59 4.3.1. Economic Changes 1945 to 1965 ................................................................. 59 4.3.2. Transportation Infrastructure – 1945 to 1965\ ............................................... 60 vii 4.3.3. Industrial Businesses – 1945 ........................................................................ 62 4.3.4. Industrial Business Changes – 1945 to 1955 ................................................ 63 4.3.5. Industrial Business Changes – 1955 to 1965 ................................................ 64 4.4. Economic, Transportation and Industrial Changes – 1965-1985 .......................... 66 4.4.1. Economic Changes – 1965 to 1985 .............................................................. 66 4.4.2. Transportation Infrastructure – 1965 to 1985 ................................................ 68 4.4.3. Industrial Business Changes – 1965 to 1975 ................................................ 69 4.4.4. Industrial Business Changes – 1975 to 1985 ................................................ 72 4.5. Economic, Transportation and Industrial Changes – 1985 to 2014 ...................... 75 4.5.1. Economic Changes – 1985 to 2014 .............................................................. 75 4.5.2. Transportation Infrastructure – 1985 to 2005 ................................................ 77 4.5.3. Transportation Infrastructure – 2005 to 2014 ................................................ 79 4.5.4. Industrial Business Changes – 1985 to 1995 ................................................ 81 4.5.5. Industrial Business Changes – 1995 to 2005 ................................................ 83 4.5.6. Industrial Business Changes – 2005 to 2014 ................................................ 89 Chapter 5. Discussion and Conclusion ..................................................................
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