Women in Nonprofit Leadership: Strategies for Work-Life Balance
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View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Pepperdine Digital Commons Pepperdine University Pepperdine Digital Commons Theses and Dissertations 2015 Women in nonprofit leadership: strategies for work-life balance Amanda Colleen Green Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/etd Recommended Citation Green, Amanda Colleen, "Women in nonprofit leadership: strategies for work-life balance" (2015). Theses and Dissertations. 614. https://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/etd/614 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by Pepperdine Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Pepperdine Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected] , [email protected]. Running head: WOMEN IN NONPROFIT LEADERSHIP Pepperdine University Graduate School of Education and Psychology WOMEN IN NONPROFIT LEADERSHIP: STRATEGIES FOR WORK-LIFE BALANCE A dissertation proposal presented in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Education in Organizational Leadership by Amanda Colleen Green September, 2015 Margaret Weber, Ph.D. — Dissertation Chairperson This dissertation, written by Amanda Colleen Green under the guidance of a Faculty Committee and approved by its members, has been submitted to and accepted by the Graduate Faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF EDUCATION Doctoral Committee: Margaret Weber, Ph.D., Chairperson Lisa Bortman, Ed.D. James DellaNeve, Ed.D. © Copyright by Amanda Colleen Green (2015) All Rights Reserved TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................ vi LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................... vi DEDICATION ................................................................................................ viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................ ix VITA ............................................................................................................... x ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... xiv Chapter 1: Introduction to the Study ............................................................... 1 Historical Background .................................................................................. 1 Purpose of the Study .................................................................................... 4 Significance of the Study .............................................................................. 4 Role of the Researcher .................................................................................. 6 Key Terms .................................................................................................... 7 Operational Definition .................................................................................. 8 Theoretical Framework ................................................................................. 8 Research Questions...................................................................................... 9 Data Collection Plan ................................................................................... 10 Analytic Techniques ................................................................................... 10 Assumptions .............................................................................................. 11 Limitations ................................................................................................. 11 Summary ................................................................................................... 12 Chapter 2: Review of the Literature ............................................................... 13 Historical Background ................................................................................ 13 Present....................................................................................................... 18 Work-life Balance ....................................................................................... 27 Theoretical Framework ............................................................................... 46 Chapter 3: Methodology ................................................................................ 53 Research Questions.................................................................................... 54 Research Methodology ................................................................................ 54 Process for Selection of Data Sources ......................................................... 55 Validity and Reliability of Data Gathering Instruments ............................... 60 Population and Sample .............................................................................. 64 Data Management ...................................................................................... 68 Description of the Proposed Data Analysis Process ..................................... 68 Institutional Review Board ......................................................................... 69 Summary ................................................................................................... 70 Chapter 4: Results ........................................................................................ 71 Data Collection Procedures ......................................................................... 71 Themes ...................................................................................................... 77 Findings ..................................................................................................... 78 Summary of Key Findings ........................................................................ 106 Chapter 5: Discussion ................................................................................. 108 Summary of Key Findings ........................................................................ 111 Implications for Policy and Practice .......................................................... 122 Recommendations for Future Research .................................................... 124 Summary ................................................................................................. 125 REFERENCES ............................................................................................. 127 APPENDIX A: Informed Consent for Interview .............................................. 155 APPENDIX B: Consent Form for Web-based Survey ..................................... 158 APPENDIX C: EDOL Course Integration ...................................................... 161 APPENDIX D: IRB Approval ......................................................................... 162 v LIST OF TABLES Page Table 1. Four Factors That Shape the Life Course ........................................... 9 Table 2. Five Pathway Types and Their Characteristics .................................. 39 Table 3. Steps for Data Analysis .................................................................... 69 Table 4. Socio-Demographic Data by Participant ........................................... 74 Table 5. Educational Attainment of Participants, Parental Education & Occupation ...................................................................................... 87 vi LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 1. Women’s contribution to the GDP in the United States. .................. 16 Figure 2. Employment by occupation in the United States ............................. 20 Figure 3. Lost wages in predominantly female jobs. ....................................... 21 Figure 4. Growth of the nonprofit sector and the female labor force. ............. 23 Figure 5. Workforce sectors in the United States. .......................................... 24 vii DEDICATION This is dedicated to three women leaders in my family, my mother and my grandmothers. To my mother, Anna Maria, for teaching me to read, for encouraging me to believe in myself and to be myself, for exemplifying perseverance and optimism, for instilling in me a sense of adventure, and for giving me unconditional love and support. To my Mimi, Mary Ann, who demonstrated acceptance of all people, maintained a sense of humor throughout her life, and who let me stay up past my bedtime, thus teaching me the life lesson about the importance of sleep. To my Obachan, Kiyoko Fujinaka, for displaying endless generosity, for exhibiting grace, strength, and courage, and for continually sharing her guidance, “Always use common sense and good manners and never get tattoos.” viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my chair and mentor, Dr. Margaret Weber, for guiding me through this journey with the ideal amount of encouragement and direction, which allowed me to find my own way and direct me back on course when needed. I would also like to acknowledge my committee members, Dr. Lisa Bortman and Dr. James DellaNeve, for supporting me by providing valuable feedback to improve my study. During my doctoral studies, I had the privilege of working with a talented leadership coach, Aman Gohal, who helped me find renewed motivation to persevere with my studies through a difficult time in my life. Further, her guidance challenged and inspired me to change in immeasurable ways. I will remain forever grateful. I appreciate