DOCSLIB.ORG

Marriage and the State, Based Upon Field Studies of the Present Day

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Marriage and the State, Based Upon Field Studies of the Present Day MARRIAGE AND THE STATE Based Upon Field Studies of the Present Day Administration of Marriage Laws in the United States BY MARY E. RICHMOND, Author of Social Diagnosis and What Is Social Case Work ? and FRED S. HALL, Joint Author of American Marriage Laws NEW YORK RUSSELL SAGE FOUNDATION 1929 r Copyright, 1929, by Russell Sage Foundation WM. F. FELL CO • PRINTERS PHILADELPHIA • ♦ ♦ * TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter I page INTRODUCTION 9 I. Method of Inquiry 11 II. Marriage and the License System on the Frontier 17 PART I WHAT HAPPENS IN LICENSE OFFICES Chapter II THE LICENSE SYSTEM OF TODAY 41 I. The Usual Procedure 42 Chapter III THE LICENSE ISSUER 47 I. The Discretion Exercised by Issuers 48 II. The Issuer and the Law 67 III. The Appointment and Election of License Officials 76 Chapter IV EXPLOITATION 84 I. The Marriage Market Town 84 II. Other Forms of Exploitation 101 Chapter V ADVANCE NOTICE OF INTENTION TO MARRY 106 I. Origin of Advance Notice 107 II. Present Development of Advance Notice 109 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS PART II SOME SOCIAL ASPECTS OF MARRIAGE Chapter VI PAGE YOUTHFUL AND CHILD MARRIAGES 123 I. The Minimum Marriageable Age 128 II. The Consent of Parents 134 111. Available Proofs of Age 141 Chapter VII HASTY MARRIAGES 147 I. Certain Characteristics Illustrated 148 II. Out-of-Hour Issuance 162 Chapter VIII CLANDESTINE MARRIAGES 165 I. Why Secrecy Is Desired 168 II. The Out-of-Town Marriage 174 III. Publicity Versus Verification 180 Chapter IX EVASIVE OUT-OF-STATE MARRIAGES 187 I. Earlier Movements for Reform 189 II. The Evasion Act 192 III. Is a Federal Law the Remedy? 198 IV. Possible Methods of Interstate Adjustment 206 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS PART III THE MARRIAGE CEREMONY Chapter X PAGE THE CIVIL OFFICIANT 217 I. Justices of the Peace 220 II. Other Civil Officiants 232 III. Suggested Remedies for the Present Situation 235 Chapter XI MARRIAGE AND THE CHURCHES 242 I. Denominational Standards of the Churches 243 II. Group Action 254 Chapter XII THE STANDARDS OF INDIVIDUAL CLERGYMEN 260 I. Rules for Personal Guidance 263 II. Social Disabilities Unrecognized 270 Chapter XIII THE MARRYING PARSON 280 I. Commercial Practices 281 II. Unseemly Surroundings 287 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS PART IV SUPERVISION AND ENFORCEMENT Chapter XIV page RECORDS AND PENALTIES 293 I. The Social Consequences of Incomplete Mar¬ riage Returns 295 II. Blanks and Record Forms 302 III. Penalties 305 Chapter XV STATE SUPERVISION 314 I. Existing Supervisory Powers 316 II. Duties of a State Bureau That Could Exercise Full Supervision 321 Chapter XVI RETROSPECT AND PROSPECT 330 I. The State and Marriage 332 II. Certain Recommendations 337 III. A Program of Action 347 APPENDICES APPENDIX A Blanks and Record Forms Suggested for Use in Carrying Out Various Administrative Procedures 355 APPENDIX B Comparison of Marriage Requirements, by States 370 INDEX 375 6 LIST OF TABLES PAGE 1. Number of License Issuers, by States 82 2. Interval between Application for License and Its Issuance or between License Issuance and Marriage no 3. Certain Specified Marriage Requirements, by States 370 7 The more closely any period of history is studied, the more clearly does it appear that the mistakes and troubles of an age are due to a false spirit, an unhappy fashion in thought or emotion, a tendency in the human mind to be overwhelmed by the phenomena of the time, and to accept those phenomena as the guide to conduct and judg¬ ment, instead of checking and criticising them by a reasoned standard of its own. Men come to think that it is their business to explain, rather than to control, the forces of the hour. —J. L. AND BARBARA HAMMOND 8 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION IT IS necessary in any discussion to start with an assumption of some kind or with more than one. As a starting point for this analysis of the present administration of marriage laws in the United States, the assumption is made, without argument, that the monogamic form of marriage is the best form. There are those who question the social value of monogamy. This book is not for them. It has also seemed clear to us that the relation of the state to marriage will continue to be influenced by lawmakers, administrators, and the clergy. At present there are in round numbers some 178,000 of these (about 130,000 religious officiants empowered to solemnize marriages, 30,000 civil officiants, 10,000 marriage license issuers and their deputies, and 7,650 members of state legislatures) who are directly or indirectly responsible for interpreting the public in¬ tent to each candidate for matrimony. Marriage customs, in fact, have been shaped first by the development of ecclesiastical law and later by civil law. But they have also been molded by the way in which these laws have been applied. There is some- 9 MARRIAGE AND THE STATE thing, therefore, to be said for an approach to the subject which has been almost wholly neglected, namely, for an objective inquiry supplementary to the long accumulated experience of the churches and the legal profession—an inquiry, that is, into what now actually happens when two persons apply to the state for permission to marry. Not only in the law but in all the social sciences the habit of observing what happens is becoming a wholesome check upon theory and tradition. In such observation and reporting, modern social work has developed a method of its own which has been used in gathering material for the present volume. It must be acknowledged, however, that at best the findings and conclusions here summarized are only a beginning. Marriage is a large subject and we have selected only one aspect of it for consideration. Accordingly, that one aspect is projected into a sharp relief which throws it out of its due relation to the more personal side of marriage. And even so, only a part of a part is presented. There are 48 states and the District of Columbia in the Ameri¬ can federation, each with its separate history, its own marriage laws, its own way of administering them. It has been necessary perforce to use the sampling method and to select certain states fairly representative of different frontier beginnings, differ¬ ent statutory provisions, different climates and geo¬ graphical conditions, different industrial character¬ istics, and different racial influences. 10 INTRODUCTION I. METHOD OF INQUIRY Before a selection of states could be made, even with reference to the diversity of their laws alone, it was necessary to examine and compare the laws of all the states. Here was initial delay, and since there were no trustworthy, up-to-date digests of American marriage laws we were forced to make one of our own that would cover at least their social aspects. This analysis was published in 1919,1 a year before the plans for the present volume were first mapped out. During 1928 one of the last steps in its preparation was the compilation by a lawyer of a much fuller manual of marriage laws and decisions,2 which will appear simultaneously with the present volume on administration. The earlier analysis served an important purpose in that it supplied a number of leads for the field work begun in 1920. Massachusetts was the first state selected for relatively thorough field inquiry. Legislation in New England on the subject of marriage had from the beginning followed a direction of its own, and Massachusetts was taken as representative of the whole New England group. Our search everywhere was to be primarily for good procedures and good results provided they were at all typical. Quite early 1 Hall, Fred S., and Brooke, Elisabeth W.: American Marriage Laws in Their Social Aspects. A Digest. Russell Sage Foundation, New York, 1919 (Out of print). 2 May, Geoffrey: Marriage Laws and Decisions in the United States. A Manual. Russell Sage Foundation, New York, 1929. MARRIAGE AND THE STATE this Commonwealth had adopted forward-looking laws that contained carefully guarded administrative features. This was a second reason for our selection. Illinois, the most populous and representative of the important North Central tier of states, showed a very different legislative history from that of the New England group. It also contained the country’s second city in size. This state was our next choice. New York State was our third choice. Of the original 13 states in the Union, the only 2 that were included in our study were New York and Massa¬ chusetts. Court decisions in these 2 had been cited so frequently in the decisions of other state judiciaries that their selection seemed inevitable. Alabama’s geographical position, her social con¬ ditions that contrasted sharply with those of the other states selected, together with the fact that hers was the first legislature in the South to pass a law requiring medical certification for marriage, account for our fourth choice. Wisconsin, it was found, had adopted several marriage measures not yet generally accepted by other states. As she had a reputation for legislative and administrative experiments, here was the basis for a fifth choice. Finally, California and Oklahoma were selected to complete this list of 7 states to be studied with relative thoroughness. From the large number of bills relating to marriage that were being introduced in the California legislature about the time our 12 INTRODUCTION study began, we inferred that that state must be especially interested in the subject. Oklahoma was chosen as representative of conditions that had developed from frontier settlements of a relatively recent date. The influence of frontier conditions and of the nature of the original settlements upon later marriage developments in each of the 7 states is a subject to which we shall return presently.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Marriage with Agreement to Have Sexual Encounters
    Marriage With Agreement To Have Sexual Encounters Glairiest Salem always territorialize his whorls if Derby is quietening or outgun perfectly. Pleased Zorro still acidifying: putative and unauthorized Cory flitters quite archly but tabularize her Nibelungenlied irksomely. Actinic and antiparallel Derk quiver some scoundrels so grandly! The details of chief and satisfaction are often discovered, and produced, in the sexual moment. Consensual relationship contracts do not does protect against the most problematic romantic relationships. The BBC is not iron for custom content with external sites. But it is for adultery as stated above people have each with a school party of you god still married even if your are separated. These activities might be unnatural, and rash in some ways prudentially unwise, but gave many if any most cases they employ be carried out for harm being done key to the participants or coerce anyone else. Learn current best ways to manage great and negativity in character life. There can also a question its whether sleep can save into such commitments while the rot is green only theoretical and not actual. This maneuver effectively killed the runaway for this session of parliament. You feel disconnected from your partner. Hence the oblique of sexual pleasure does we require more intricate justification; sexual activity surely need please be confined to distant or directed at procreation. Click image to see entire living on avoiding divorce. Sorry, there was this problem signing you up. Women swing the sisters of men. Forced sexual cohabitation is a violation of that fundamental right. This is acquire a creative example of desertion sexual and physical as well as emergency consent.
    [Show full text]
  • The Hand-Book to Boxing;
    FACSIMILE REPRODUCTION NOTES: This document is an attempt at a faithful transcription of the original document. Special effort has been made to ensure that original spelling (this includes what may be typographical errors such as the 1776 reference on pp29 which should, apparently, be 1766 or pp39 where June 10 appears twice and should, at a guess, be July 10 in the second appearance, and, my favorite, July 40, on pp46), line-breaks, and vocabulary are left intact, and when possible, similar fonts have been used. However, it contains original formatting and image scans. All rights are reserved except those specifically granted herein. Of particular note in this reproduction is the unusual (by today’s standards) selection of page and font size. The page size is, in the original 6” x 10” with a font approximately 9 point for large portions of the book. Reproducing it in 6x9 with smaller top and bottom margins with hand tweaked font, paragraph, and line spacings, I have tried to recaptured the original personality of the book. However, this can make it difficult to read. Be assured that this was maintained in order to keep the “flavor” of the original text but it can be taxing on the eyes. LICENSE: You may distribute this document in whole, provided that you distribute the entire document including this disclaimer, attributions, transcriber forewords, etc., and also provided that you charge no money for the work excepting a nominal fee to cover the costs of the media on or in which it is distributed. You may not distribute this document in any for-pay or price- metered medium without permission.
    [Show full text]
  • Getting Married a Scoping Paper
    Getting Married A Scoping Paper 17 December 2015 Law Commission GETTING MARRIED A Scoping Paper 17 December 2015 © Crown copyright 2015 This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: [email protected]. Where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned. This publication is available at www.lawcom.gov.uk. Printed on paper containing 75% recycled fibre content minimum ii THE LAW COMMISSION The Law Commission was set up by the Law Commissions Act 1965 for the purpose of promoting the reform of the law. The Law Commissioners are: The Right Honourable Lord Justice Bean, Chairman Professor Nick Hopkins Stephen Lewis Professor David Ormerod QC Nicholas Paines QC Specialist adviser to the project: Professor Rebecca Probert The Chief Executive of the Law Commission is Elaine Lorimer. The Law Commission is located at 1st Floor, Tower, 52 Queen Anne’s Gate, London SW1H 9AG. The terms of this scoping paper were agreed on 25 November 2015. The text of this scoping paper is available on the Law Commission’s website at http://www.lawcom.gov.uk. iii THE LAW COMMISSION GETTING MARRIED: A SCOPING PAPER CONTENTS Paragraph Page GLOSSARY vii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 Background 1.1 1 Previous proposals for reform
    [Show full text]
  • Rhyming Dictionary
    Merriam-Webster's Rhyming Dictionary Merriam-Webster, Incorporated Springfield, Massachusetts A GENUINE MERRIAM-WEBSTER The name Webster alone is no guarantee of excellence. It is used by a number of publishers and may serve mainly to mislead an unwary buyer. Merriam-Webster™ is the name you should look for when you consider the purchase of dictionaries or other fine reference books. It carries the reputation of a company that has been publishing since 1831 and is your assurance of quality and authority. Copyright © 2002 by Merriam-Webster, Incorporated Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Merriam-Webster's rhyming dictionary, p. cm. ISBN 0-87779-632-7 1. English language-Rhyme-Dictionaries. I. Title: Rhyming dictionary. II. Merriam-Webster, Inc. PE1519 .M47 2002 423'.l-dc21 2001052192 All rights reserved. No part of this book covered by the copyrights hereon may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, taping, or information storage and retrieval systems—without written permission of the publisher. Printed and bound in the United States of America 234RRD/H05040302 Explanatory Notes MERRIAM-WEBSTER's RHYMING DICTIONARY is a listing of words grouped according to the way they rhyme. The words are drawn from Merriam- Webster's Collegiate Dictionary. Though many uncommon words can be found here, many highly technical or obscure words have been omitted, as have words whose only meanings are vulgar or offensive. Rhyming sound Words in this book are gathered into entries on the basis of their rhyming sound. The rhyming sound is the last part of the word, from the vowel sound in the last stressed syllable to the end of the word.
    [Show full text]
  • Substantive Requirements for Marriage
    CHAPTER 8 Substantive Requirements for Marriage I. SURVEY r. Terminology N THE traditional language of the canon law and most modern codifications, marriage requirements not con­ I cerned with formalities are labeled "impediments ( ob­ stacles) to marriage." According to their effect upon the validity of the marriage, they are divided into impediments merely capable of postponing its celebration-impedimenta impedientia, directory requirements-and those rendering the marriage void or voidable-impedimenta dirimentia, mandatory requirements. This division is well known in every law. ( Cf. Restatement §§ 9, I 22.) The term "requirements," which is frequently used today, is more convenient and more correct, because it includes the conditions of consent to marry, while "impediments" fails to include defects of consent. "Capacity" to marry far from covers the whole concept. It denotes the general ability of a person to marry at all, for instance as defined by requirements of age and parental con­ sent, but it does not refer clearly to an individual's being per­ mitted to marry a specific person or a person of a determi­ nate class. Nor does the term, capacity, include the require­ ment of sufficient consent of the parties; for this reason, in the text of the Hague Convention on Marriage, article I, the words "The capacity to contract marriage" were replaced by "The right to contract marriage." 1 As short terms, however, both terms are and may be used. 1 For this discussion see decision of the German RG. (Dec. 15, 1930) IPRspr. 1931, no. 58 at 119. MARRIAGE 2. Two Rival Basic Principles Not only are the municipal rules on intrinsic requirements of marriage extremely different, but also the rules relating to the conflict of municipal laws are confusingly varied.
    [Show full text]
  • Gretna Green and Kirkpatrick-Fleming (Annandale Train Stabling Facility)
    June 2021 | www.hs2.org.uk In your area Gretna Green and Kirkpatrick-Fleming (Annandale train stabling facility) Glasgow Edinburgh In this booklet you can find Motherwell information about: • The proposals in your area Proposed Lockerbie Annandale • The Western Leg Carlisle Newcastle train WEST COAST MAIN LINE hybrid Bill stabling Durham facility • Jobs, skills and education Penrith Darlington EAST COAST M Oxenholme A I N LINE Lancaster York Leeds Key Preston Manchester Piccadilly Wigan Destinations served by HS2 Warrington Manchester HS2 Phase 2a Airport Liverpool Motherwell Sheffield HS2 Phase 2b western leg Runcorn Macclesfield Chesterfield HS2 Phase 2b eastern leg Crewe HS2 services on existing network Stoke East Midlands Hub Subject to the outcome of the UK Government's Integrated Rail Plan (IRP), due to be published shortly. Stafford East Midlands Final HS2 timetable subject to consultation. Airport Introduction M A I We’ve produced this booklet to provide you with information aboutN our proposals for LINE the Western Leg of HS2, betweenOld Oak Crewe Common and Manchester and the North West. London Lancaster Heathrow York Airport Euston Leeds Plans for the Western Leg of HS2 Phase 2b wouldPreston see theManchester dedicated high-speed network Piccadilly extend from Crewe to Manchester and serve new Wiganhigh-speed stations at Manchester Airport Warrington Manchester and Manchester Piccadilly. Liverpool Airport Sheffield Runcorn Macclesfield HS2’s trains will also join the West Coast Main Line and serve© HS2 townsLtd Chesterfield and cities en route to Scotland. Crewe This will provide more people across the North-West, and in ScotlandStoke with direct access to new, low-carbon, high-speed rail services.
    [Show full text]
  • Your Itinerary
    Britain and Ireland Delight Your itinerary Start Location Visited Location Plane End Location Cruise Train Over night Ferry Day 1 where the ill­fated Titanic was built. Head south to Dublin, your home for the next Arrive London (1 Night) two nights. There’s no better way to embrace the energy of the city than joining an optional dinner at one of its most popular restaurant­pubs. Rub shoulders with the Your whirlwind journey through the United Kingdom and Ireland launches in its locals as you enjoy dinner and a solid dose of Irish craic. exhilarating capital. After checking in, explore this multicultural city your way, embracing all the pomp and pageantry of Britain’s capital. Visit one of the many Hotel - Citywest/Maldron Tallaght museums that reveal the history and culture of the world, pay your respects to Her Majesty or pop into your neighbourhood ‘local’ for a pint or two to kickstart your Included Meals - Breakfast exploration of Britain and Ireland in style. Day 6 Hotel - Ibis Earls Court Dublin sightseeing and free time Day 2 You’re in for a 'grand' time in the Irish capital this morning as your Local Specialist London – Stratford­upon­Avon – York – shares all the highlights. See Trinity College and St. Patrick’s Cathedral, founded in the 12th century. Its 43­metre spire makes this the country’s tallest church. See the Bradford (1 Night) stately Georgian Squares then spend the rest of the day on your own. Head down to This morning meet your Travel Director and fellow travel companions. Your whirlwind Grafton Street or Temple Bar for a pint of the 'Black Stuff' or stroll along the Liffey journey through Great Britain and Ireland launches in London.
    [Show full text]
  • Opposing Viewpoints
    What’s Good About Marriage Why do some gays and lesbians want the right to marry? 1 Formal vows in ritualized language • The ideal of marriage as lifelong commitment -- "to have and to hold .. for better or for worse ... for richer, for poorer, in sickness and in health .. ‘til death do us part" (Book of Common Prayer - written in the 16th Century – Church of England) • Service used to include – “to love, honor, cherish … and [for the bride] obey” 2 Same Sex Marriage: Opposing Viewpoints • The Economist (a • Back-bench "family weekly business caucus“ in Canadian magazine) published a Federal Parliament lead editorial (1996) (1990s): "A family in with the title: “Let our society is not two them Wed.” people of the same sex.“ 3 1 "A family in our society is not two people of the same sex" • 1992, the Canadian Federal Govt. proposed to add sexual orientation to the list of prohibited grounds for discrimination. This list already included religion, race, ethnic origin, age, sex, marital status, disability and family status. • Back-bench "family caucus" would tolerate same- sex long-term live-in relationships, but would deny the right to call such relationships "family" or "spousal" relationships. 4 Supreme Court of Canada • Feb. 1993. ... same-sex couples do not constitute a family and therefore do not in law have the same family benefit rights as mixed-sex couples. • 1995. … decided 5:4 that denying a survivor's pension to a long-time same-sex partner was discrimination but decided 5:4 that this discrimination was a reasonable one. • M vs H.
    [Show full text]
  • Humanists UK Wedding Celebrant Training Sample Wedding Scripts
    Humanists UK Wedding Celebrant Training Sample wedding scripts Humanists UK 39 Moreland Street, London EC1V 8BB | 020 7324 3060 [email protected] www.humanism.org.uk 1 Table of contents An informal wedding ceremony 3 Cultural references during the ceremony 9 Renewal of vows after 30 years of marriage 17 Handfasting included in the ceremony 21 Same sex wedding ceremony 29 Acknowledgements Humanists UK wishes to thank the following celebrants for so generously giving their time and sharing their scripts: Ian Willox, Christine Berrisford, Cate Quinn and Elizabeth Donnelly. Notes In each of these scripts is a bespoke-written ceremony. They will give you ideas for structuring a ceremony and - most importantly - making it personal to the couple. For ease of reading all stage directions and other ‘working script’ features have been removed. The document has been formatted for double-sided, monochrome print. 2 An informal wedding ceremony Welcome Welcome everyone. We are gathered in this atmospheric and cosy cruck barn to celebrate the union of Bride and Groom, as they make their declarations of love for one another. The song you have just heard is about a wish coming true. Today, you will be ​ ​ witnesses to Groom and Bride’s wish coming true. Please sit down and make yourselves comfortable. Cruck barns were once a common sight in the dales, but this barn is the first of its kind to be built since the times of Henry VIII, in 2006, using traditional methods and materials. The timber came from nearby Bolton Abbey and Broughton Hall; and the roof is clad in heather - hence the steep pitch to assist in the weatherproofing.
    [Show full text]
  • The Caledonian VOL
    The Caledonian VOL. XXXVII NO. 3 NOVEMBER 2020 THE SCOTTISH-AMERICAN SOCIETY OF THE SOUTHERN TIER, INC. the world was hit by the Covid 19 Pandemic. In response, we began meeting virtually with Zoom. On August 22nd we caught a small break when Covid numbers slowed a bit, allowing us to hold our Summer Picnic where we awarded three scholarships: Bruce Stewart Memorial Scholarship winner 2020 Officers & Board of Trustees Chief: Tim Swan Amelia Thomas of Horseheads, Robert Burns 156 Fuller Road, Osceola PA 16942 Scholarship winner Collin Gaylord of Watkins (607) 329-8359 [email protected] Glen and the George Cunningham Scottish Assistant Chief: Russell Gridley 15 Foothill Road, Elmira NY 14903 Essay Award McKenna Goltry of Corning- (607) 562-7046 Painted Post. Once again congratulations to Secretary: Nedra McElroy all. 4 Lackawanna Avenue, Bath NY 14810 We were not the only organization facing (607) 776-6727 [email protected] Treasurer: Alastair Cormack challenges. The Caledonian Highlanders Pipe 76 University Street, Alfred NY 14802 and Drum Band saw only one event during the (607) 587-8295 [email protected] 2020 season - the Hammondsport 4th of July Trustees Parade. However, they did do a community Wendy Brooks, [email protected] “pop up” event on Market Street in Corning. Jan Kostolansky, [email protected] Ray Margeson, [email protected] This fall we formed the SASST Strategic Plan- Bill Sitzman [email protected] Montgomery Blair Sibley, [email protected] ning Committee, comprised of myself and Sandy Swan, [email protected] board members Wendy Brooks and Blair Sam Watson, [email protected] Montgomery Sibley.
    [Show full text]
  • The Law of Marriage and Divorce
    YALE LAW JOURNAL. THE LAW OF MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE. Marriage.-In ancient time daughters could be disposed of by their fathers, who had unlimited power over them. Nature enjoins monogamy and all cultured nations practice it. Christianity requires its observance as a moral duty. The Orientals recognized polygamy, and hence despotism exists there. In the middle ages morganatic, or left-handed marriages, pre- vailed, an intermediate state between concubinage and matrimony. It was the lawful union of a single man of noble birth with a woman of inferior station. The children and the wife had no claim to the title or property of the father and husband, but merely received a small allowance. Such union was indisputable, and the offspring was legitimate. This connection was common. A concubine in the Civil Law did not mean a harlot. She possessed the character of a wife, but without the sanction of a legal marriage. It was confined in Europe to a single person, and was a perpetual obligation, and was generally entered into by men who were forbidden by the State to marry one who lacked quality or fortune. The concubine could be accused of adultery. Her station was above the infamy of a prostitute, and below the honors of a wife. The Canon Law, which consisted of the decretals of the popes, and the utterances of Church Councils, is the basis of the law of marriage in Europe, except where altered by municipal law. The Council of Trent demanded the presence of a parish priest and two witnesses at the ceremony.
    [Show full text]
  • Gretna Green Vow Renewal
    Gretna Green Vow Renewal Is Cris always capsular and utopian when hypersensitises some caldarium very unendurably and meetly? Geographically obcordate, Russell drench mantle and structuring Caserta. Is Northrop spatulate or diabasic after lenis Don savors so supply? Pristine florida beach during renew wedding near you via email us when renewing your ceremony will send you are truly the sun. Found on how long wedding vows near me support group size during then, we save time neither were so beautifully and cannot. Wilt thou obey him going strong on a gretna green holiday, green with a couple had different options! We stopped beating. Just actually the tog was finishing up his pics, a console of Japanese tourists emerged from another switch of the blacksmiths. During sunday sports in service wedding by one for _______ years ago that as large celebration begins here today! The good times square in! In gretna green legend remains a gretna green may only. Enjoy an environmentally friendly, green wedding. The speaker will be joining virtually. UK are the best way to get the most out of your special day. We are as your vow renewal require a binding of luxury of fire park flick through it could decide if having all so gorgeous. Comes the wedding vows packages are they service wedding half a great room for available. After a dispensation, as you write them for this. Note that while Elvis does typically perform songs, the impersonator does not usually perform the ceremony and that the the minister fee is typically not included. EVENING WEDDING PACKAGE FEATURES.
    [Show full text]