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Rigged Referendum FINAL REPORT Observation Mission for the Constitutional Amendments Referendum of the Republic of Armenia on December 6, 2015 Yerevan, 2016 This Report summarizes the observation mission’s findings concerning the organization and administration of the Constitutional Amendments referendum of the Republic of Armenia. The observation mission was conducted by the Citizen Observer Initiative and the European Platform for Democratic Elections (EPDE), with the support of the National Endowment for Democracy (NED), European Endowment for Democracy (EED), the Embassy of Federal Republic of Germany in Yerevan, and the European Union. The opinions contained in the Report are those of the observation mission and do not reflect the views of the funding organizations. The Citizen Observer Initiative (established in 2013) was formed by 4 non-governmental organizations to observe the national and local elections in Armenia for their compliance with national legislation and international democratic standards. The European Platform for Democratic Elections (established in 2012) is a coalition of 13 non- governmental organizations that aims to assist citizens’ election observation in countries of the Eastern Partnership and the Russian Federation, and to contribute to democratic election processes throughout Europe. 2 CONTENTS ACRONYMS .............................................................................................................................. 5 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................... 6 2. PREFACE ........................................................................................................................... 7 3. THE CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS PROCESS ........................................................ 9 3.1 Chronology ..................................................................................................................... 9 3.2 Concerns over the Contents of the Draft .....................................................................10 3.3 Concerns over the Adoption Process of the Amendments ........................................11 4. THE CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS CAMPAIGN .....................................................14 4.1 Use of Official Position and Influence ..........................................................................14 4.2 Campaigning in Educational Institutions .....................................................................16 4.3 Pressure on the Staff of Budgetary and Private Sector Organizations .....................17 4.4 Issues Related to the Voter Lists ..................................................................................17 4.5 Vote Buying: Promises and Attempts ..........................................................................18 4.6 Pressure on Opponents to the Draft and Obstacles to Campaigning ........................20 4.7 Other Violations .............................................................................................................22 5. GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE OBSERVATION MISSION .............................................22 5.1 Methodology ..................................................................................................................22 5.2 Obstacles related to Accreditation ...............................................................................24 5.3 Innovative Instruments Used ........................................................................................25 6. FINDINGS OF THE OBSERVATION MISSION .................................................................25 6.1 Preparation of the Precincts .........................................................................................26 6.1.1 Campaign Materials Displayed in Precincts; Inadequate Voting Conditions at Precincts26 6.1.2 Precincts Inaccessible for Voters in Wheelchairs .......................................................... 27 6.2 The Voting ......................................................................................................................27 6.2.1 Violations of the Operating Procedures of Precinct Commissions ................................. 27 6.2.2 Ballot Box Stuffing ......................................................................................................... 27 6.2.3 Multiple Voting or Attempts at Multiple Voting ................................................................ 29 6.2.4 Giving/Promising Vote Bribes ........................................................................................ 30 6.2.5 Violation of the Voter Assistance Procedure and the Confidentiality of the Vote ............ 30 6.2.6 Removing Ballots from the Precinct ............................................................................... 31 3 6.2.7 Removing Other Voting Accessories from the Precinct ................................................. 31 6.2.8 Unauthorized Persons and/or Two or More Representatives of the Same Organization Present and Campaigning Inside the Precinct .................................................................... 32 6.2.9 Guiding Voters Inside and Around the Precinct; Transporting Voter Groups ................. 32 6.2.10 Voters Gathering Inside the Precinct; Persons or Vehicles Gathering Outside the Precinct .............................................................................................................................. 33 6.3 Counting and Tabulation of Results ............................................................................33 6.3.1 Violations of the Results Tabulation Procedure ............................................................. 33 6.3.2 Falsification of Voting Results ....................................................................................... 34 6.4 Violations of the Rights of Observers and Mass Media Representatives ..................36 6.5 Overview of Excerpts from Voting Results Protocols in Precincts ...........................37 6.6 The Recount ...................................................................................................................41 6.7 Complaints .....................................................................................................................42 6.8 Reactions from Law Enforcement Bodies ...................................................................44 6.9 Findings from the Use of Innovative Instruments ..................................................45 7 CONCLUSION ...................................................................................................................47 8 RECOMMENDATIONS ......................................................................................................48 8.1 Publicity of Voter Lists ...................................................................................................... 48 8.2 Prohibiting the Use of Administrative Resources .............................................................. 49 8.3 Improving the Electoral Administration ............................................................................. 50 8.4 Safeguarding the Effectiveness of the Appeals Process ................................................... 50 8.5 Augmenting the Rights of Observers and Mass Media Representatives........................... 50 8.6 Expanding the Possibilities for Public Oversight ............................................................... 51 9 SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................51 APPENDIX 1 ............................................................................................................................53 APPENDIX 2 ............................................................................................................................80 CONTACT INFORMATION ......................................................................................................90 4 ACRONYMS CRC (CEC) Central Referendum Commission (Central Electoral Commission) CC Constitutional Court DRC District Referendum Commission ELA Europe in Law Association NGO EPDE European Platform for Democratic Elections JCA Journalists Club “Asparez” NGO HCAV Helsinki Citizens’ Assembly Vanadzor Office NA National Assembly NGO Non-governmental organization NSS National Statistical Service PRC Precinct Referendum Commission RoA Republic of Armenia RPA Republican Party of Armenia TIAC Transparency International Anticorruption Center NGO 5 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The constitutional amendments referendum held on December 6, 2015, was monitored by the Citizen Observer Initiative, a coalition established in 2013 and constituted by the following non- governmental organizations: Transparency International Anticorruption Center (TIAC), Europe in Law Association (ELA), Journalists’ Club “Asparez” (JCA), and Helsinki Citizens' Assembly Vanadzor Office (HCAV). The goal of the Citizen Observer Initiative is to oversee national and local elections in the Republic of Armenia (RoA) and determine their compliance with domestic legislation and international democratic standards. Twenty eight NGOs from Armenia were involved in the Citizen Observer Initiative to oversee the constitutional referendum. Nearly 1,000 individuals were involved in carrying out the observation mission in 520 precincts (one quarter of all precincts in the country), covering nearly all electoral districts in Armenia. The referendum oversight mission was joined by the European Platform for Democratic
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