FAO JOURNAL VOLUME IX, NUMBER 3 September 2005 Global Trends and Security Strategies Local Knowledge: In Iraq, One Officer Uses Cultural Skills to Fight Insurgents Khomeini’s Writings and Speeches 2005 Readings on Middle East Military and Political Issues Urban Guerilla Warfare in Latin America DISCLAIMER: FAOA Journal, a quar- terly professional publication for Foreign Area Specialists, is printed by the Foreign FAO JOURNAL Area Officer Association, Mt. Vernon, VA. The views expressed are those of the authors, not of the Department of De- A Professional Journal for fense, the Armed services or any DoD Regional Specialists agency. The contents do not reflect the DoD position and are not in any way in- tended to supersede information from official military sources. Use of articles or September 2005 VOLUME IX, NO. 3 advertisements constitutes neither affir- mation of their accuracy nor product en- ISSN 1551-8094 dorsement by FAOA or DoD. PURPOSE: To publish a journal for dis- seminating professional knowledge and furnishing information that will promote INSIDE THIS ISSUE understanding between U.S. regional specialists around the world and improve their effectiveness in advising decision- ARTICLES makers. It is intended to forge a closer bond between the active, reserve, and retired FAO communities. Global Trends and Security Strategies Part 1: SUBSCRIPTIONS / ASSOCIATION Addressing the Threats MEMBERSHIP: Subscription to the jour- Major R. Reed Anderson, USA pg 4 nal comes with membership in the asso- ciation. Membership information may be obtained through FAOA, P.O. Box 295, Local Knowledge: In Iraq, One Officer Uses Mt. Vernon, VA 22121. E-Mail address Cultural Skills to Fight Insurgents is: [email protected] or [email protected]. For those only interested in subscribing, Greg Jaffe, The Wall Street Journal pg 12 cost is $25.00/year and may be re- quested at the above address. Khomeini’s Writings and Speeches: The SUBMISSIONS: The Association is a totally voluntary enterprise. For the Jour- Ideological Foundations of the Iranian nal to succeed, we need articles, letters Revolutionary Guard Corps to the editor, etc. Contributors should mail articles to the above address or e- LCDR Youssef Aboul-Enein, USN pg 17 mail to [email protected] or [email protected]. Articles are subject to edit- 2005 Readings on Middle East Military and Political ing by the FAO Journal Staff, to ensure that space constraints of the publication Issues are met. LCDR Youssef Aboul-Enein, USN pg 25 WEB SITE: The Association Web Site is at — www.faoa.org. Urban Guerilla Warfare in Latin America ADDRESS CORRECTIONS: FAOA is a private organization. We rely on the Captain Adam Rodgers, USA pg 28 membership to update their mailing ad- dresses on a regular basis. E-mail ad- dress changes to [email protected] or [email protected]. FAO Journal Editor FEATURES LTC Steve Gotowicki Association Letter from the President pg 3 US Army (Retired) Middle East FAO Service Proponent Notes [email protected] Army pg 33 USMC pg 34 Page 3 FAO Journal ASSOCIATION NEWS It was indeed a great honor to be asked by Together with the the FAO Board of Governors to serve as the next Board of Governors, we have president of our association. By way of introduction identified a few objectives for to those of you who don’t know me, I first entered the association over the next FAO training in 1975 at Ft. Bragg, then on to Turkish year and I solicit your support language training at The Presidio of Monterey, in- for the following: country training in Turkey, and then an advanced de- gree in International Affairs from The American Uni- - Develop a stronger bond among FAOs in all versity. Services, active, reserve, and retired. What followed were a variety of politico- - Promote FAO professional development and military and intelligence assignments that were ex- keep individual skills at the highest possible level, tremely interesting and rewarding. In succession, I and served as the A/ARMA in Turkey, the JCS J-5 poli- tico-military planner for Greece and Turkey, the - Advocate more support and resources for DATT/ARMA in Cyprus, Special Assistant for the the FAO program, both within the Department of De- eastern Mediterranean to the SACEUR, European fense and from the Congress. Division Chief in the then newly formed Defense HUMINT Service, Chief of the Defense and Foreign In keeping with the first two objectives, your Liaison Office, and finally as the DATT/ARMA in association is planning a luncheon at the Fort McNair Greece. Nearly 18 of my 30 years in the Army were Officer’s Club on Wednesday, 22 February 2006. We overseas. will have Vice Admiral James G. Stavridis, Senior Military Assistant to the Secretary of Defense as the The variety of commissions that studied the guest speaker to discuss the future of the FAO pro- attack on the United States in September 2001 all gram, FAO career development and the professional agreed, in their own unique way, that we lacked for- challenges we as FAOs face. You will be getting eign expertise in what I call the “human dimension.” more information on this event after the first of the This includes foreign language skills, human intelli- year, but for now please mark the date on your calen- gence, cultural awareness, and foreign area exper- dars. tise. As recently as 19 October 2005, former Speaker Newt Gingrich reported to the House Permanent Se- Again, I am honored to serve as your presi- lect Committee on Intelligence that the United States dent and I solicit your participation and advice to had a “…lack of interrogators, tactical HUMINT strengthen the FAO community and our association. teams, translators and analytical support teams. We I can be reached by phone at 202-231-5817 or by e- need the Foreign Area Officers and similar programs mail at [email protected]. to be more aggressively funded/supported and inte- grated into a wider range of activities/missions (e.g., ______________________________________ Information Operations, at division level, etc.).” Steve was appointed as the Chief, Defense Human There is a growing awareness of the impor- Intelligence Management Office in July 2005 and be- tance of FAOs and their relevance in our long ideo- fore that was the Senior National Security Advisor to logical war against a religiously motivated enemy. As Senator Saxby Chambliss, (R) Georgia. FAOs, we can help keep policy makers and com- manders appraised of what we bring to the fight and to help secure the funds and support that Speaker Gingrich talked about. Page 4 FAO Journal GLOBAL Trends and Security Strategies Part 1: Addressing the Threats Major R. Reed Anderson, USA NOTE: This is Part I of a three-part series en- quately analyzed and the reality of the European titled “Global Trends and Security Strate- theater, while not necessarily a realistically immi- gies.” Part I discusses current global secu- nent threat, overshadowed those that were. To- rity threats and how the U.S. and the EU se- day’s primary threats are as much of a concern curity strategies each address these threats. to the Unites States as they are to Europe, or Part II of this series will discuss how and if any part of the world. This paper will therefore the EU is capable of backing its security analyze the security strategies of the United strategy with its defense forces, and specifi- States and the European Union (herein used to cally will discuss how, and if, the ESDP can represent the security interests of an inclusive accomplish this important task. Finally, Part Europe) with the goals, first, to determine if they III will focus on the role of the U.S. Armed adequately address the current and emerging Forces in contemporary Transatlantic secu- threats, and second, to compare the manner by rity. which they address the threats, and potential transatlantic policy and relationship implications. Introduction This paper will argue that both security The world in which we lived a mere 20 strategies do indeed address the threats cur- years ago is quickly becoming a faded memory. rently perceived as the most dangerous and As democracy spreads and the world rapidly common not only to individual states, but glob- evolves into a global society, the type and nature ally as well. In addition, these threats are essen- of threats faced by the major states are congru- tially consistent with those perceived by the Na- ently evolving. The Soviet Union and the spread tional Intelligence Council (NIC) in Mapping the of communism no longer present themselves as Global Future.1 Yet there are some potential our primary threat. Determining what the emerg- gaps in addressing emerging future challenges. ing threats have been and currently are has The paper proceeds by analyzing the emerging been a lesson in adaptation. It is doubtful that trends as defined by the NIC in their periodic re- anyone could have predicted the scale of the at- ports on global trends with the intent of identify- tacks on American soil by terrorists on 11 Sep- ing the currently perceived threats and how they tember 2001. Yet in the absence of a defined have evolved as such over the last decade. The enemy, actions like this are what force us to re- paper then analyzes and compares the United evaluate what and where the threats are and the States National Security Strategy (USNSS)2 and impact they could have on our national security. the European Security Strategy (ESS).3 The pa- per concludes by tying the two analyses together Defining a security strategy in an evolving to determine where, if at all, in the USNSS or the environment is no easy task.