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BEHAVIOURAL DESIGN APPROACH for IMPROVING MECHANICAL PRODUCT PERFORMANCE FORM DESIGN Huichao Sun, Remy Houssin, Mickael Gardoni, Renaud Jean

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BEHAVIOURAL DESIGN APPROACH for IMPROVING MECHANICAL PRODUCT PERFORMANCE FORM DESIGN Huichao Sun, Remy Houssin, Mickael Gardoni, Renaud Jean BEHAVIOURAL DESIGN APPROACH FOR IMPROVING MECHANICAL PRODUCT PERFORMANCE FORM DESIGN Huichao Sun, Remy Houssin, Mickael Gardoni, Renaud Jean To cite this version: Huichao Sun, Remy Houssin, Mickael Gardoni, Renaud Jean. BEHAVIOURAL DESIGN AP- PROACH FOR IMPROVING MECHANICAL PRODUCT PERFORMANCE FORM DESIGN. MOSIM 2014, 10ème Conférence Francophone de Modélisation, Optimisation et Simulation, Nov 2014, Nancy, France. hal-01166646 HAL Id: hal-01166646 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01166646 Submitted on 23 Jun 2015 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. 10the International Conference on Modeling, Optimization and Simulation - MOSIM’14 – November 5-7-2014- Nancy – France “Toward circular Economy” BEHAVIOURAL DESIGN APPROACH FOR IMPROVING MECHANICAL PRODUCT PERFORMANCE FORM DESIGN Huichao SUN Remy HOUSSIN College of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Jilin Design Engineering Laboratory, University of University- Chang Chun- 130000- China Strasbourg [email protected] 24, Boulevard de la Victoire, 67084 Strasbourg, France [email protected] Mickael GARDONI Jean RENAUD ETS / LIPPS, Design Engineering Laboratory, 24, Boulevard de la Montréal, H3C 1K3, Québec, Canada Victoire, 67084 Strasbourg, France [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT: The mechanical engineering problems today become more and more complex particularly in the area of new product development. Mechanical product design is usually performed simply taking into consideration system functions and structures, while users’ behaviours in terms of using the system are generally not fully considered enough early in the design phase. This paper covers the multi-trade engineering design, and deals with the development of a behavioural design approach to help designers to optimize the product performance from design phase through taking into account utilization conditions and requirements. Product performance is defined as the way that the product performs its function with minimum of stops and of lost time KEYWORDS: mechanical product design; user’s behaviour; behavioural design approach; UML of user behaviour, they rarely pay much attention to the 1 INTRODUCTION behaviour which derives from the structure (how the structure will move to fulfil the function), and behaviour Mechanical product design processes are often technolo- which is fulfilled by the user (how the user will react to gy-centered and fail to integrate user’s behaviour in term the machine). of using the product adequately. This problem is encoun- It is known that the user’s perception of a system is quite tered along the whole life cycle of a project, and is es- different from the designer’s (Battini et al., 2011). Addi- pecially noticeable during the early design phase. These tionally, involving a range of users in design by adopting behaviours take place all over the product lifecycle. In an inclusive approach has been identified as an important order to improve product performance, our research ca- way through which companies can manufacture more refully thinks out a piece of research linking user cente- successful systems [Gyi et al., 2010), (Huisg and Kohn, red and functional engineering design approached into 2009). To separate system technology from user-related an integrated package, and aims to better integrate pro- features, it is necessary to split the notion of system into duct and user behaviour during the early design phase. two separate components: technical solutions and user- Designers have been obliged to set aside their dreams of related features (Houssin et al., 2010). The strategy of a 100% machine due to the vital requirement of the user knowledge management is not widely adopted for inno- to perform some definite tasks with machines. While vation in industries due to a lack of an effective approach machine productivity and utilization conditions are the of integration between user knowledge and technical main reasons for automating production systems, human knowledge (European Communities, 2009). Most current intervention on such systems remains a critical need and technical approaches stop at the functional level, without the tasks performed by the user remain poorly defined at analyzing how the overall system (system-user) could the design stage. behave in perform these functions. In traditional engineering design, designers normally Evaluating user’s behaviour at design stage is of great take into consideration product functions and structures, importance to determine ways to improve a system’s while users’ behaviours in terms of using the system are performance for its future version. Most of literature generally not fully considered enough early in design works do not consider safety constraints when human phase. A product’s behaviour is studied only from a intervention is required for setting-up, operating and technical point of view in order to verify its reliability maintaining the system. As shown in figure 1 (Houssin and potential problems in the detailed design phase. and Coulibaly, 2014), the product lifecycle begins from However, this behaviour is neither characterised nor design to destruction and includes utilization period with studied from a utilization point of view. Nowadays, al- operational and failure, accidental and maintenance though designers increasingly have some understanding states. Three types of stops are noted: stop 1 after a pre- MOSIM’14 – November 5-7-2014 - Nancy - France ventive maintenance, stop 2 after a failure and stop 3 Model and on the fact that the behavioural system (sys- after an accident. tem and end-user) must be studied and defined in design The objective of this paper is to propose an approach to phase. We focus on a production system design, and so, help the designer optimize product performance enough to complete the mechanical system design method, we early in design phase, taking into account use conditions propose a global view of behavioural design approach and requirements. This approach is based on a Task enough early in design stage. Figure 1: Product lifecycle events out by the users of the system or the correlative working 2 THE BEHAVIOURAL DESIGN APPROACH team. (BDA) We herein propose a behavioural design approach (which had been detailed in (Houssin et al., 2010) and The role of the designer has been changing with the (Sun et al., 2013) to integrate user and structure developments in design practice. Now the role has behaviour enough early in design phase. Behavioural shifted to the product development team, which has a design is an engineering design method based on significant role in making strategic company decisions, multidisciplinary knowledge that takes into account, and is a creative force pushing innovation and raising the from its preliminary phases, the analysis and the competitive capacity of a company (Valtonen, 2005). specification of the utilization tasks necessary for This new role also assigns the designer the duty of accomplishing its function. identifying user needs and of considering them while In order to implement a global view of the behavioural designing. Skepper et al. (2000) show that the engineers design approach at design stage, we must introduce a and designers had poor knowledge of both the formal task model (to be operated either by the product itself or design processes in use in their company and how to the user). We will adopt the definition proposed by apply ergonomics principles. Duursma (Duursma, 1995): the task is a goal to be achieved, which involves a determined change of an 2.1 Global View of BDA object’s state which it is adopted also by (Hernandez 2005). In other words, behaviour is decomposed into After reviewing the relevant literature, we have tasks to be done by the system or the user. In the concluded that the concept of behaviour has two aspects. following section, we will present our task model The first involves behaviour which is carried out by the integrated into our behavioural design approach. system according to its technical requirements (Gero et al 2004). The second involves behaviour which is carried MOSIM’14 – November 5-7-2014 - Nancy - France Figure 2: Global View of BDA (Houssin et al 2010) tasks take into account the analysis and specification of the using conditions; that is to say, maintainability, 2.2 Task Model user’s safety, reliability and ways of system usage. Our approach is based on a “Task model” integrated into the The task is a goal to achieve, which involves a Functional Analysis. During the design process phases, determined change of an object’s state (Hernandez although system models are often primarily limited to 2005). In other words, the behaviour of the product geometrical aspects representing product-dimensioning presents all the tasks to be performed by this product. and the associated functional surface qualities, they Moreover, we take into account those tasks to be hardly or never take into account their behaviour and performed by the end-user of the product to assure the that of the future end-user and their interaction. In figure performance demanded from this product. The 3, we present our task model which is integrated in our conceptual foundations and structure of the task model is behavioural design approach. exemplified in figure 2 using the (UML) method. These Figure 3: The global view of the Task model (Sun et al., 2013) We thoroughly detail this concept and consider that it is presented and characterized in figure 4. We study composed of Technical Tasks and Socio-technical Tasks what the effects of these tasks are on the product The Technical Tasks present all automated task performance in use.
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