Doppelgängers on the Dark Web: a Large-Scale Assessment on Phishing Hidden Web Services
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This is an Open Access document downloaded from ORCA, Cardiff University's institutional repository: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/95227/ This is the author’s version of a work that was submitted to / accepted for publication. Citation for final published version: Décary-Hétu, David and Giommoni, Luca 2017. Do police crackdowns disrupt drug cryptomarkets? a longitudinal analysis of the effects of Operation Onymous. Crime, Law and Social Change 67 (1) , pp. 55-75. 10.1007/s10611-016-9644-4 file Publishers page: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10611-016-9644-4 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10611- 016-9644-4> Please note: Changes made as a result of publishing processes such as copy-editing, formatting and page numbers may not be reflected in this version. For the definitive version of this publication, please refer to the published source. You are advised to consult the publisher’s version if you wish to cite this paper. This version is being made available in accordance with publisher policies. See http://orca.cf.ac.uk/policies.html for usage policies. Copyright and moral rights for publications made available in ORCA are retained by the copyright holders. 1 Do Police Crackdowns Disrupt Drug Cryptomarkets? A Longitudinal Analysis Of The Effects Of Operation Onymous In recent years, there has been a proliferation of online illicit markets where participants can purchase and sell a wide range of goods and services such as drugs, hacking services, and stolen financial information. Second- generation markets, known as cryptomarkets, provide a pseudo-anonymous platform from which to operate and have attracted the attention of researchers, regulators, and law enforcement. -
An Evolving Threat the Deep Web
8 An Evolving Threat The Deep Web Learning Objectives distribute 1. Explain the differences between the deep web and darknets.or 2. Understand how the darknets are accessed. 3. Discuss the hidden wiki and how it is useful to criminals. 4. Understand the anonymity offered by the deep web. 5. Discuss the legal issues associated withpost, use of the deep web and the darknets. The action aimed to stop the sale, distribution and promotion of illegal and harmful items, including weapons and drugs, which were being sold on online ‘dark’ marketplaces. Operation Onymous, coordinated by Europol’s Europeancopy, Cybercrime Centre (EC3), the FBI, the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), Homeland Security Investigations (HSI) and Eurojust, resulted in 17 arrests of vendors andnot administrators running these online marketplaces and more than 410 hidden services being taken down. In addition, bitcoins worth approximately USD 1 million, EUR 180,000 Do in cash, drugs, gold and silver were seized. —Europol, 20141 143 Copyright ©2018 by SAGE Publications, Inc. This work may not be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means without express written permission of the publisher. 144 Cyberspace, Cybersecurity, and Cybercrime THINK ABOUT IT 8.1 Surface Web and Deep Web Google, Facebook, and any website you can What Would You Do? find via traditional search engines (Internet Explorer, Chrome, Firefox, etc.) are all located 1. The deep web offers users an anonym- on the surface web. It is likely that when you ity that the surface web cannot provide. use the Internet for research and/or social What would you do if you knew that purposes you are using the surface web. -
Mass Surveillance
Mass Surveillance Mass Surveillance What are the risks for the citizens and the opportunities for the European Information Society? What are the possible mitigation strategies? Part 1 - Risks and opportunities raised by the current generation of network services and applications Study IP/G/STOA/FWC-2013-1/LOT 9/C5/SC1 January 2015 PE 527.409 STOA - Science and Technology Options Assessment The STOA project “Mass Surveillance Part 1 – Risks, Opportunities and Mitigation Strategies” was carried out by TECNALIA Research and Investigation in Spain. AUTHORS Arkaitz Gamino Garcia Concepción Cortes Velasco Eider Iturbe Zamalloa Erkuden Rios Velasco Iñaki Eguía Elejabarrieta Javier Herrera Lotero Jason Mansell (Linguistic Review) José Javier Larrañeta Ibañez Stefan Schuster (Editor) The authors acknowledge and would like to thank the following experts for their contributions to this report: Prof. Nigel Smart, University of Bristol; Matteo E. Bonfanti PhD, Research Fellow in International Law and Security, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna Pisa; Prof. Fred Piper, University of London; Caspar Bowden, independent privacy researcher; Maria Pilar Torres Bruna, Head of Cybersecurity, Everis Aerospace, Defense and Security; Prof. Kenny Paterson, University of London; Agustín Martin and Luis Hernández Encinas, Tenured Scientists, Department of Information Processing and Cryptography (Cryptology and Information Security Group), CSIC; Alessandro Zanasi, Zanasi & Partners; Fernando Acero, Expert on Open Source Software; Luigi Coppolino,Università degli Studi di Napoli; Marcello Antonucci, EZNESS srl; Rachel Oldroyd, Managing Editor of The Bureau of Investigative Journalism; Peter Kruse, Founder of CSIS Security Group A/S; Ryan Gallagher, investigative Reporter of The Intercept; Capitán Alberto Redondo, Guardia Civil; Prof. Bart Preneel, KU Leuven; Raoul Chiesa, Security Brokers SCpA, CyberDefcon Ltd.; Prof. -
A Probe Survey of Bitcoin Transactions Through Analysis of Advertising in an On-Line Discussion Forum
Acta Informatica Pragensia, 2019, 8(2), 112–131 DOI: 10.18267/j.aip.127 Original Article A Probe Survey of Bitcoin Transactions Through Analysis of Advertising in an On-Line Discussion Forum Zoltan Ban 1, Jan Lansky 1, Stanislava Mildeova 1, Petr Tesar 1 Abstract Cryptocurrencies have become a major phenomenon in recent years. For IT, a breakthrough is both the cryptocurrency itself as a commodity and the technology that cryptocurrency development has brought. The article focuses on the bitcoin cryptocurrency as the most important cryptocurrency. A relatively unexplored topic is what goods or services are purchased for bitcoins. To track what bitcoins are spent on, it is necessary to look for places that are dedicated to trading cryptocurrencies. The bitcointalk.org forum was chosen as a source for our data mining. The aim of the article is to find an answer to the research question: What are bitcoins on the discussion forum bitcointalk.org planned to be spent on? As part of the research, an application was developed using a PHP script to gather information from the discussion forum (bitcointalk.org). There is some evidence which suggests what types of products or services people spend cryptocurrencies on. This research has proven that cryptocurrencies are used to buy and sell goods or services in the electronics and computer world segments. Today, these segments are widespread, which may speed up the integration of cryptocurrencies into everyday life. This applies, of course, only if the risks associated with cryptocurrencies do not increase. Keywords: Cryptocurrency, Bitcoin, On-Line Advertisement, Text Mining, Cybersecurity, Discussion Forum. -
A Framework for Identifying Host-Based Artifacts in Dark Web Investigations
Dakota State University Beadle Scholar Masters Theses & Doctoral Dissertations Fall 11-2020 A Framework for Identifying Host-based Artifacts in Dark Web Investigations Arica Kulm Dakota State University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.dsu.edu/theses Part of the Databases and Information Systems Commons, Information Security Commons, and the Systems Architecture Commons Recommended Citation Kulm, Arica, "A Framework for Identifying Host-based Artifacts in Dark Web Investigations" (2020). Masters Theses & Doctoral Dissertations. 357. https://scholar.dsu.edu/theses/357 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by Beadle Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses & Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Beadle Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A FRAMEWORK FOR IDENTIFYING HOST-BASED ARTIFACTS IN DARK WEB INVESTIGATIONS A dissertation submitted to Dakota State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Cyber Defense November 2020 By Arica Kulm Dissertation Committee: Dr. Ashley Podhradsky Dr. Kevin Streff Dr. Omar El-Gayar Cynthia Hetherington Trevor Jones ii DISSERTATION APPROVAL FORM This dissertation is approved as a credible and independent investigation by a candidate for the Doctor of Philosophy in Cyber Defense degree and is acceptable for meeting the dissertation requirements for this degree. Acceptance of this dissertation does not imply that the conclusions reached by the candidate are necessarily the conclusions of the major department or university. Student Name: Arica Kulm Dissertation Title: A Framework for Identifying Host-based Artifacts in Dark Web Investigations Dissertation Chair: Date: 11/12/20 Committee member: Date: 11/12/2020 Committee member: Date: Committee member: Date: Committee member: Date: iii ACKNOWLEDGMENT First, I would like to thank Dr. -
Download Criminal Complaint Filed in the Eastern District of California
AO 91 (Rev. 11/11) Criminal Complaint UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT for the Eastern District of California United States of America ) V. ) MARCOS PAULO DE OLIVEIRA ) Case No. ANNIBALE, ) aka "Med3lin," ) aka "Med3lln," ) aka "Med3lln WSM" ) Defendant(s) CRIMINAL COMPLAINT I, the complainant in this case, state that the following is true to the best of my knowledge and belief. On or about the date( s) of October 2017 through April 2019__ in the county of Sacramento in the Eastern District of California , and elsewhere, the defendant(s) violated: Code Section Offense Description 21 U.S.C. §§ 841 and 846 Distribution and Conspiracy to Distribute Controlled Substances 18 U.S.C. §§ 1956 and 1957 Money Laundering This criminal complaint is based on these facts: (see attachment) IX! Continued on the attached sheet. -j- ;1 ·) / , / l 1 - • / L ',;;;_ . _/__I-- / Complainant's signature JAY D. DIAL, Jr., Special Agent Dl'llg Enforcem~_11t Ad111inistration Printed name and title Sworn to before me and signed in my presence. ;]t "-" ' Date: l.2 _/,_ I ---=- (.___ ,,--- "'-~ Judge 's signature City and state: Sacramento, CA Allls__on Claire, U_.§~ Magi~trate__.J__udge Printed name and title AO 91 (Rev. 11/11) Criminal Complaint UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT for the Eastern District of California United States of America ) V. ) MARCOS PAULO DE OLIVEIRA ) Case No. ANNIBALE, ) aka "Med3lin," ) aka "Med3l1n," ) aka "Med3lln_WSM" ) Defendant(s) CRIMINAL COMPLAINT I, the complainant in this case, state that the following is true to the best of my knowledge and belief. On or about the date(s) of ~tober 20 I 7 through April 2019_ in the county of . -
Transparent and Collaborative Proof-Of-Work Consensus
StrongChain: Transparent and Collaborative Proof-of-Work Consensus Pawel Szalachowski, Daniël Reijsbergen, and Ivan Homoliak, Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD); Siwei Sun, Institute of Information Engineering and DCS Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity19/presentation/szalachowski This paper is included in the Proceedings of the 28th USENIX Security Symposium. August 14–16, 2019 • Santa Clara, CA, USA 978-1-939133-06-9 Open access to the Proceedings of the 28th USENIX Security Symposium is sponsored by USENIX. StrongChain: Transparent and Collaborative Proof-of-Work Consensus Pawel Szalachowski1 Daniel¨ Reijsbergen1 Ivan Homoliak1 Siwei Sun2;∗ 1Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD) 2Institute of Information Engineering and DCS Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences Abstract a cryptographically-protected append-only list [2] is intro- duced. This list consists of transactions grouped into blocks Bitcoin is the most successful cryptocurrency so far. This and is usually referred to as a blockchain. Every active pro- is mainly due to its novel consensus algorithm, which is tocol participant (called a miner) collects transactions sent based on proof-of-work combined with a cryptographically- by users and tries to solve a computationally-hard puzzle in protected data structure and a rewarding scheme that incen- order to be able to write to the blockchain (the process of tivizes nodes to participate. However, despite its unprece- solving the puzzle is called mining). When a valid solution dented success Bitcoin suffers from many inefficiencies. For is found, it is disseminated along with the transactions that instance, Bitcoin’s consensus mechanism has been proved to the miner wishes to append. -
3Rd Global Cryptoasset Benchmarking Study
3RD GLOBAL CRYPTOASSET BENCHMARKING STUDY Apolline Blandin, Dr. Gina Pieters, Yue Wu, Thomas Eisermann, Anton Dek, Sean Taylor, Damaris Njoki September 2020 supported by Disclaimer: Data for this report has been gathered primarily from online surveys. While every reasonable effort has been made to verify the accuracy of the data collected, the research team cannot exclude potential errors and omissions. This report should not be considered to provide legal or investment advice. Opinions expressed in this report reflect those of the authors and not necessarily those of their respective institutions. TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORDS ..................................................................................................................................................4 RESEARCH TEAM ..........................................................................................................................................6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................................7 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................... 11 METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................................................................ 14 SECTION 1: INDUSTRY GROWTH INDICATORS .........................................................................17 Employment figures ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................17 -
EY Study: Initial Coin Offerings (Icos) the Class of 2017 – One Year Later
EY study: Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs) The Class of 2017 – one year later October 19, 2018 In December 2017, we analyzed the top ICOs that represented 87% ICO funding in 2017. In that report, we found high risks of fraud, theft and major problems with the accuracy of representations made by start-ups seeking funding. In this follow-up study, we revisit the same group of companies to analyze their progress and investment return: ► The performance of ICOs from The Class of 2017 did little to inspire confidence.1 ► 86% are now below their listing2 price; 30% have lost substantially all value. Executive An investor purchasing a portfolio of The Class of 2017 ICOs on 1 January 2018 would most likely have lost 66% of their investment. ► Of the ICO start-ups we looked at from The Class of 2017, only 29% (25) have summary working products or prototypes, up by just 13% from the end of last year. Of those 25, seven companies accept payment in both traditional fiat currency (dollars) as well as ICO tokens, a decision that reduces the value of the tokens to the holders. ► There were gains among The Class of 2017, concentrated in 10 ICO tokens, most of which are in the blockchain infrastructure category. However, there is no sign that these new projects have had any success in reducing the dominance of Ethereum as the industry’s main platform. • 1 See methodology in appendix. • 2 Defined as when first available to trade on a cryptocurrency exchange. 02 ICO performance update ICOs broke out in 2017. -
FTC Decrypting Cryptocurrency Scams Workshop Transcript
FTC Decrypting Cryptocurrency Scams Workshop June 25, 2018 Transcript JASON ADLER: Good afternoon, everyone and welcome to the Federal Trade Commission's Decrypting Cryptocurrency Scams workshop. I'm Jason Adler. I'm the assistant director of the FDC's Midwest regional office here in Chicago. I want to thank you all for being here. And I want to thank DePaul University for hosting us. Before we get started, I just have a few housekeeping details to tick off. First, please set your mobile phones to silent. If you use them during the workshop, for example to comment about the workshop on social media, please be respectful of the others here. If you do comment on social media, feel free to use #cryptoscamsftc as a hashtag. We'll be live tweeting this event using that hashtag as well. Webcasting the event today, and it may be photographed or otherwise recorded, by participating you're agreeing that your image and anything you say may be posted at ftc.gov and on our social media sites. At the end of each panel, if we do have time, we'll try to answer audience questions. We have question cards out in the hall. Feel free to write down a question. Raise your hand and someone will collect it. And if we have time at the end of the panel, we'll ask them. We're also accepting questions on Twitter. So you can tweet a question to the FTC, so @FTC using hashtag #cryptoscamsftc. Finally, if you're here for CLE, please be sure and find Dan at the check in table. -
Says a Friend of Benthall's
54 I At 3:15 P.M. on October 1, 2013, Ross Ulbricht’s career as a drug kingpin came to an end in the science- fiction section of San Francisco’s Glen Park Library. The 29-year- old had walked up the steps just inside the modern stone building, passed the librarian working at the circula- tion desk and taken a seat at a far corner table near a window. It was a sunny day, but the small community library was filled with people. Ulbricht, with his easy smile and thick mop of brown hair, was dressed in blue jeans web of lies_ AN UNDERGROUND, ANONYMOUS INTERNET— THE DEEP WEB—IS THE LAST LAWLESS FRONTIER ON EARTH. BUT NOTHING COULD SAVE ITS KINGPINS FROM THE PAINFUL CONSEQUENCES OF HUMAN ERROR BY JOSHUA HUNT and a T-shirt. The hand- ful of people reading and wandering among rows of novels nearby weren’t dressed much differently, but beneath their shirts and jackets they wore vests that identified them as FBI agents. Until the moment they rushed Ulbricht, pushing him up against a window to handcuff him as other agents seized his laptop before he could lock it down, nobody suspected anything out of place. The cuffs went on and a small crowd gathered, but Ulbricht just looked out at the afternoon sun. Ulbricht was an educated person, with a master’s degree in 55 materials science and engi- neering from Penn State. He was a good son from a good Texas family, an un- likely addition to the list of men who had changed the shape and scale of drug distribution in Amer- ica. -
Technical and Legal Overview of the Tor Anonymity Network
Emin Çalışkan, Tomáš Minárik, Anna-Maria Osula Technical and Legal Overview of the Tor Anonymity Network Tallinn 2015 This publication is a product of the NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence (the Centre). It does not necessarily reflect the policy or the opinion of the Centre or NATO. The Centre may not be held responsible for any loss or harm arising from the use of information contained in this publication and is not responsible for the content of the external sources, including external websites referenced in this publication. Digital or hard copies of this publication may be produced for internal use within NATO and for personal or educational use when for non- profit and non-commercial purpose, provided that copies bear a full citation. www.ccdcoe.org [email protected] 1 Technical and Legal Overview of the Tor Anonymity Network 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 3 2. Tor and Internet Filtering Circumvention ....................................................................................... 4 2.1. Technical Methods .................................................................................................................. 4 2.1.1. Proxy ................................................................................................................................ 4 2.1.2. Tunnelling/Virtual Private Networks ............................................................................... 5