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Cfreptiles & Amphibians WWW.IRCF.ORG/REPTILESANDAMPHIBIANSJOURNALTABLE OF CONTENTS IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANSIRCF REPTILES • VOL15, &NO AMPHIBIANS 4 • DEC 2008 189 • 27(1):77–78 • APR 2020 IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS CONSERVATION AND NATURAL HISTORY TABLE OF CONTENTS FEATURE ARTICLES Notes. Chasing Bullsnakes (Pituophison catenifer Anurophagy sayi) in Wisconsin: by Bullfrogs, On the Road to Understanding the Ecology and Conservation of the Midwest’s Giant Serpent ...................... Joshua M. Kapfer 190 Hoplobatrachus. The Shared History of Treeboas (Corallus spp.grenadensis) and Humans(Anura: on Grenada: Dicroglossidae) A Hypothetical Excursion ............................................................................................................................Robert W. Henderson 198 RESEARCH ARTICLESin Eastern Nepal . The Texas Horned Lizard in Central and Western Texas ....................... Emily Henry, Jason Brewer, Krista Mougey, and Gad Perry 204 . The Knight Anole (Anolis equestris) in BivekFlorida Gautam1 and Santosh Bhattarai2 .............................................Brian J. Camposano, Kenneth L. Krysko, Kevin M. Enge, Ellen M. Donlan, and Michael Granatosky 212 1Biodiversity Research and Conservation Society, Kathmandu, Nepal 2National Trust forCONSERVATION Nature Conservation–Biodiversity ALERT Conservation Center, Ratnanagar-06, Sauraha, Chitwan-44204, Nepal ([email protected]) . World’s Mammals in Crisis ............................................................................................................................................................. 220 . More Than Mammals ...............................................................................................................................Photographs by the senior author. ....................................... 223 . The “Dow Jones Index” of Biodiversity ........................................................................................................................................... 225 HUSBANDRY . Captive Care of the Central Netted Dragon ....................................................................................................... Shannon Plummer 226 rogs are knownPROFILE as generalist predators that consume a prey struggled to escape while the predator used its right fore- Fwide range of prey. Kraig items, Adler: Aincluding Lifetime Promoting other Herpetology frogs ................................................................................................(Measey limb to hold the prey. Ingestion Michael L. Treglia continued 234 for about 5 min. et al. 2015). Anurophagy has been reported in 228 species At 1100 h on 25 September 2019 at the same rice field, COMMENTARY (Measey et al. 2015), generally larger species of frogs eating we observed another Jerdon’s Bullfrog grabbing a Skittering . The Turtles Have Been Watching Me ........................................................................................................................ Eric Gangloff 238 much smaller ones. Frog (Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis; Fig. 2). In this instance, how- Bullfrogs in theBOOK genus REVIEW Hoplobatrachus are large (SVL > ever, the prey eluded the predator, which might have been . Threatened Amphibians of the World edited by S.N. Stuart, M. Hoffmann, J.S. Chanson, N.A. Cox, 115 mm), voracious feedersR. Berridge, that P. eat Ramani, a variety and B.E. Young of prey, .............................................................................................................. includ- distracted by our presence. Robert Powell 243 ing invertebrates and small vertebrates such as birds and small At 1905 h on 2 July 2019 near a rice field about 300 m mammals (Padhye etCONSERVATION al. 2008; Khatiwada RESEARCH et REPORTS:al. 2016; MishraSummaries of Publishedsouth Conservation of the previousResearch Reports observation, ................................. we 245observed an adult Indian NATURAL HISTORY RESEARCH REPORTS: Summaries of Published Reports on Natural History ................................. 247 2017). Two species (theNEWBRIEFS Indian ...............................................................................................................................Bullfrog, Hoplobatrachus tige- Bullfrog that had....................................................... hold of the right leg 248 of a Terai Cricket Frog rinus and Jerdon’s Bullfrog,EDITORIAL H. INFORMATION crassus) that ............................................................................................................................... occur in Nepal (Minervarya teraiensis; Fig. 3)....................... Although 251 struggling vigorously, are the largest frogs inFOCUS Terai ON Region CONSERVATION of the country: A Project (Bhattarai You Can Support ...............................................................................................the prey failed to escape until we disturbed 252 the predator. The et al. 2018). They are ambush predators with a broad range latter, however, immediately recaptured the smaller frog, of prey available given their body sizes (Mohanty and Measey moved a short distance, and swallowed it. Ingestion lasted 2018). Herein we report opportunistic observations in rice about 10 min. Front Cover. Shannon Plummer. Back Cover. Michael Kern fields of anurophagy by both species.Totat et velleseque audant mo TotatBecause et velleseque frogs audant function mo as effective biological control At 1925 h on 7 August 2018,estibus during inveliquo a herpetofaunalvelique rerchil agentsestibus inveliquoin Nepalese velique rerchil rice fields (Khatiwada et al. 2016) and we erspienimus, quos accullabo. Ilibus erspienimus, quos accullabo. Ilibus survey in a rice field at Pathari-Shanischare,aut dolor apicto Morang, invere pe dolum Nepal, knowaut dolor very apicto littleinvere peabout dolum the impact of anurophagy on anuran a disturbance drew our attention fugiatisto a maionsequatTerai Cricket eumque Frog communities,fugiatis maionsequat we eumque recommend additional detailed studies on (Minervarya teraiensis; formerly Fejervaryamoditia erere teraiensis nonsedis ),ma that sectiatur was themoditia trophic erere nonsedis effects ma sectiaof sympatric- species of frogs in the farms- ma derrovitae voluptam, as quos tur ma derrovitae voluptam, as being swallowed by an adult Jerdon’saccullabo. Bullfrog (Fig. 1). The capes of eastern Nepal. Fig. 1. A Jerdon’s Bullfrog (Hoplobatrachus crassus) feeding on a Terai Fig. 2. A Jerdon’s Bullfrog (Hoplobatrachus crassus) attempting to capture Cricket Frog (Minervarya teraiensis). a Skittering Frog (Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis). Copyright © 2020. Bivek Gautam. All rights reserved. 77 IRCF Reptiles & Amphibians ISSN 1098-6324 GAUTAM AND BHATTARAI IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS • 27(1):77–78 • APR 2020 Fig. 3. An Indian Bullfrog (Hoplobatrachus tigerinus) grabbing (left) and ingesting (right) a Terai Cricket Frog (Minervarya teraiensis). Acknowledgements Khatiwada, J.R., S. Ghimire, S.P. Khatiwada, B. Paudel, R. Bischof, J. Jiang, and T. Haugaasen. 2016. Frogs as potential biological control agents in the rice fields We thank the Biodiversity Research and Conservation of Chitwan, Nepal. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 230: 307–314. Society (BRCS), Shailung Green Society, and National Trust Measey, G.J., G. Vimercati, F.A. De Villiers, M.M. Mokhatla, S.J. Davies, S. for Nature Conservation (NTNC), Khumaltar, Lalitpur Edwards, and R. Altwegg. 2015. Frog eat frog: Exploring variables influenc- for logistical support in the field, and Pathari-Shanischare ing anurophagy. PeerJ 3: e1204. Mishra, S.B. 2017. Hoplobatrachus tigerinus (Indian Bullfrog). Diet. Herpetological Municipality, Morang, Nepal, for financial support to Bivek Review 48: 161–162. Gautam during the biodiversity assessment. Mohanty, N.P. and J. Measey. 2018. What’s for dinner? Diet and potential tro- phic impact of an invasive anuran Hoplobatrachus tigerinus on the Andaman Archipelago. PeerJ 6: e5698. Literature Cited Padhye, A., K. Manamendra-Arachchi, A de Silva, S. Dutta, T.K. Shrestha, Bhattarai, S., C.P. Pokheral, B.R. Lamichhane, U.R. Regmi, A.K. Ram, and N. S. Bordoloi, T. Papenfuss, S. Anderson, S. Kuzmin, M.S. Khan, and R. Subedi. 2018. Amphibians and reptiles of Parsa National Park, Nepal. 2018. Nussbaum. 2008. Hoplobatrachus tigerinus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 12: 35–48. Species 2008: e.T58301A11760496. 78.
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