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Pdf/M16sm.Pdf> UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DA PARAÍBA CAMPUS I – CAMPINA GRANDE CENTRO DE EDUCAÇÃO DEPARTAMENTO DE LETRAS E ARTES PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM LITERATURA E INTERCULTURALIDADE – PPGLI LUIZ GUSTAVO DE SÁ BEZERRA MASH-UP LITERÁRIO: releituras do cânone vitoriano e adaptação na HQ A Liga Extraordinária CAMPINA GRANDE – PB 2020 LUIZ GUSTAVO DE SÁ BEZERRA MASH-UP LITERÁRIO: releituras do cânone vitoriano e adaptação na HQ A Liga Extraordinária Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Literatura e Interculturalidade da Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, em cumprimento à exigência para obtenção do título de Doutor. Linha de Pesquisa: Literatura Comparada e Intermidialidade. Área de Concentração Literatura e Estudos Interculturais. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Diógenes A. V. Maciel. CAMPINA GRANDE – PB 2020 É expressamente proibido a comercialização deste documento, tanto na forma impressa como eletrônica. Sua reprodução total ou parcial é permitida exclusivamente para fins acadêmicos e científicos, desde que na reprodução figure a identificação do autor, título, instituição e ano do trabalho. B574m Bezerra, Luiz Gustavo de Sá. Mash-up literário [manuscrito] : releituras do cânone vitoriano e adaptação na HQ A liga extraordinária / Luiz Gustavo de Sá Bezerra. - 2020. 253 p. : il. colorido. Digitado. Tese (Doutorado em Literatura e Interculturalidade) - Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Centro de Educação , 2020. "Orientação : Prof. Dr. Diógenes André Vieira Maciel , Departamento de Letras e Artes - CEDUC." 1. Masup literário. 2. Gênero literário. 3. História em quadrinhos. 4. Literatura. I. Título 21. ed. CDD 070.444 Elaborada por Luciana D. de Medeiros - CRB - 15/508 BCIA2/UEPB LUIZ GUSTAVO DE SÁ BEZERRA MASH-UP LITERÁRIO: releituras do cânone vitoriano e adaptação na HQ A Liga Extraordinária Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Literatura e Interculturalidade da Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, em cumprimento à exigência para obtenção do título de Doutor. Linha de Pesquisa: Literatura Comparada e Intermidialidade. Área de Concentração Literatura e Estudos Interculturais. Aprovado em: 14/10/2020. Banca Examinadora: Prof. Dr. Diógenes André Vieira Maciel - PPGLI/UEPB Orientador/Presidente Prof. Dra. Marcia Tavares Silva - PPGLE/UFCG Examinadora Externa Prof. Dr. Diego Freitas Rodrigues - SOTEPP/UNIT Examinador Externo Prof. Dra. Francisca Zuleide Duarte de Souza - PPGLI/UEPB Examinadora Interna Prof. Dr. Antonio de Pádua Dias da Silva - PPGLI/UEPB Examinador Interno Ao meu avô Elzinho (In Memoriam), o melhor Jonathan Kent que a vida poderia ter me dado. AGRADECIMENTOS A Deus, pelo dom da vida. Com Ele, tudo é possível. À minha esposa, Kaline Di Pace Nunes, pelo amor, dedicação, paciência e o meu próprio futuro. Ela é a Mina Murray da minha história. À minha mãe, Maria do Carmo Gomes de Sá, meu padrasto, Francisco Airton de Morais, meu pai, Rivaldo Bezerra Neves (In Memoriam) e aos meus sogros, Marinacia Tejo Di Pace Nunes e Rui Ricardo de Andrade Nunes, por tudo. Aos meus avós, Corália Anacleto de Sá e Israel Gomes Filho (In Memoriam), por mais ainda. Na verdade, sequer existem palavras para descrever o quanto sou grato por tudo que representam, fizeram e ainda fazem para mim. Aos meus irmãos, Thayranne Gomes de Morais, Tammer Gomes de Morais e Tainá Gomes de Morais. E aos cunhados, Felipe Di Pace Nunes e Rui Ricardo de Di Pace Nunes, pela parceria em todos os momentos. Ao Prof. Dr. Diógenes A. V. Maciel, meu orientador, por ter acolhido esse trabalho em um momento de dificuldade e ter me feito acreditar no meu próprio potencial, ainda que, no meio disso, ele mesmo tenha sofrido a pior de todas as perdas. No fim, suas contribuições à esta tese não foram maiores do que a amizade que dela nasceu. Ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Literatura e Interculturalidade da UEPB, por ter sido um verdadeiro agente de modificação na minha vida. A todos os professores e funcionários do PPGLI pelas excelentes contribuições e momentos inesquecíveis. À banca examinadora, que tão gentilmente aceitou o convite para participar da defesa pública desse trabalho, bem como pelas observações e contribuições. A CAPES pelo apoio financeiro concedido durante o curso. E aos amigos que, direta ou indiretamente, contribuíram com esse trabalho, Reginaldo Yeoman, Mauro Ellovitch, Luís Do Vale, Marlo de Sousa, Marcelo Miranda, Maurício Dantas, Alan Farias, Washington Bituca e o impagável Yuri Saladino. Minha Gratidão. "Conte-me uma história, pequenina. Pois, ao fim e ao cabo, é apenas a história que importa". Ta-Nehisi Coates RESUMO Trata-se de um estudo sobre a hexalogia em quadrinhos A Liga Extraordinária, roteirizada por Alan Moore e ilustrada pelo artista Kevin O’Neill. Essa história em quadrinhos (HQ), publicada originalmente de 1999 a 2019, propõe a utilização de personagens egressos de outras autorias, já em domínio público, de modo a engendrar uma miscelâneas de enredos da Literatura vitoriana e eduardiana como uma obra nova, formalizando o que se chamará de um mash-up literário. Essa desterritorialização de enredos e personagens leva ao questionamento em torno do quê ou sobre quem resta do autor após sua obra ingressar no instituto do domínio público. Mediante as interconexões entre os enredos canônicos em A Liga Extraordinária, buscou-se levantar as visões de mundo da personagem Mina Murray, uma espécie de guia por essa viagem caleidoscópica, outrora coadjuvante no romance Drácula, de Bram Stoker, tornada agora protagonista; e identificou-se os limites entre a prosa e o quadrinho dentro dos distintos modos como as adaptações acionam os modos “contar”, “mostrar” ou “interagir” com as histórias. Por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, estabelece-se que o escritor Alan Moore transita em universos ficcionais pré-estabelecidos e que sua linha de trabalho perpassa estilos de escrita, gêneros e suportes multivariados, sem se apropriar de nenhum e, ao mesmo tempo, de todos, dando azo a uma discussão sobre a função-autor (FOUCAULT, 2006) e sobre a paratopia do autor (MAINGUENEAU, 2001). Em seguida, utiliza-se as noções de Hutcheon (1985; 2011) sobre paródia e adaptação para propiciar entendimentos acerca das dobras engatilhadas quando propriedades intelectuais em domínio público são reacomodadas na HQ em comento. Através da teoria do cronotopo de Bakhtin, busca-se compreender a teia de eventos dessa HQ, bem como a continuidade nova, muito além das obras canônicas, em face das questões sobre a morte da arte (ECO, 2016) como base para compreender a ojeriza de Moore diante das demandas do mercado editorial mainstream global. Na HQ, isso surge a partir da imortalidade de Mina, que atravessa o século XX e além, tornando- se peça central no palco de uma suposta degradação ou nulidade cultural nessas duas primeiras décadas do século XXI. Então, ao longo do estudo percebe-se que esta personagem ganha uma sobrevida, sendo prolongada para além do romance original e sendo ressignificada como porta-voz de discursos construídos por Moore ao longo da carreira em meio a palimpsestos de outras suas criações femininas, seja pela atitude sexual libertária, seja pelo afastamento de temores e preconceitos para com os tipos estranhos ou estrangeiros. A tese a que se chega permite dizer que o domínio público consolida uma exacerbação do princípio foucaultiano sobre o desaparecimento do autor, notadamente no que se refere ao, assim chamado, mash- up literário, procedimento que erige a HQ. Palavras-chave: Mash-up literário. Domínio público. História em quadrinhos. Alan Moore. A Liga Extraordinária. ABSTRACT It is a study on the hexalogy in comics The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen, scripted by Alan Moore and illustrated by artist Kevin O’Neill. This comic book, originally published from 1999 to 2019, proposes the use of characters from other authors, already in the public domain, in order to engender a mix of plots of Victorian and Edwardian Literature as a new work, formalizing the which will be called a literary mash-up. This deterritorialization of plots and characters leads to questions about what or who remains of the author after his work enters the public domain institute. Through the interconnections between the canonical plots in The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen, we sought to raise the worldviews of the character Mina Murray, a kind of guide for this kaleidoscopic journey, formerly supporting in the novel Dracula, by Bram Stoker, now protagonist; and the limits between the prose and the comic were identified within the different ways in which the adaptations trigger the “tell”, “show” or “interact” with the stories. Through bibliographic research, it is established that the writer Alan Moore transits in pre- established fictional universes and that his line of work goes through writing styles, genres and multivariate supports, without appropriating any and, at the same time, all , giving rise to a discussion about the author-function (FOUCAULT, 2006) and about the paratopic creating (MAINGUENEAU, 2001). Then, the notions of Hutcheon (1985; 2011) on parody and adaptation are used to provide understandings about the trigger folds when intellectual properties in the public domain are re- accommodated in the comic under comment. Through Bakhtin's chronotope theory, we seek to understand the web of events in this comic, as well as the new continuity, far beyond canonical works, in the face of questions about the death of art (ECO, 2016) as a basis for understanding the hates Moore at the demands of the global mainstream publishing market. In comic, this arises from the immortality of Mina, which spans the 20th century and beyond, becoming a centerpiece on the scene of a supposed degradation or cultural nullity in these first two decades of the 21st century. Then, throughout the study it is noticed that this character gains a survival, being extended beyond the original novel and being re-signified as a spokesman for speeches constructed by Moore throughout his career amidst palimpsests of other his female creations, be it by the libertarian sexual attitude, or by the removal of fears and prejudices towards strange or foreign types.
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