DOCSLIB.ORG

Alterations in Brain Network Topology and Structural-Functional Connectome Coupling Relate to Cognitive Impairment

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Alterations in Brain Network Topology and Structural-Functional Connectome Coupling Relate to Cognitive Impairment ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 13 December 2018 doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00404 Alterations in Brain Network Topology and Structural-Functional Connectome Coupling Relate to Cognitive Impairment Juan Wang 1†, Reza Khosrowabadi 1,2†, Kwun Kei Ng 1†, Zhaoping Hong 1, Joanna Su Xian Chong 1, Yijun Wang 1, Chun-Yin Chen 1, Saima Hilal 3, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian 4, Tien Yin Wong 5,6, Christopher Li-Hsian Chen 3‡, Mohammad Kamran Ikram 3,5,6,7‡ and Juan Zhou 1,8*‡ 1 Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore, 2 Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran, Edited by: 3 Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, 4 Neuroscience Clinic, Raffles Agustin Ibanez, Hospital, Singapore, Singapore, 5 Memory Aging & Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore, Institute of Cognitive and Translational Singapore, 6 Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore, 7 Department of Neuroscience (INCYT), Argentina Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands, 8 Clinical Imaging Research Reviewed by: Centre, The Agency for Science, Technology and Research-National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore Yong Liu, Institute of Automation (CAS), China Pierpaolo Sorrentino, According to the network-based neurodegeneration hypothesis, neurodegenerative Università degli Studi di Napoli diseases target specific large-scale neural networks, such as the default mode network, Parthenope, Italy and may propagate along the structural and functional connections within and between *Correspondence: these brain networks. Cognitive impairment no dementia (CIND) represents an early Juan Zhou [email protected] prodromal stage but few studies have examined brain topological changes within and between brain structural and functional networks. To this end, we studied the structural †These authors have contributed equally to this work networks [diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)] and functional networks (task-free ‡share senior authorship functional MRI) in CIND (61 mild, 56 moderate) and healthy older adults (97 controls). Structurally, compared with controls, moderate CIND had lower global efficiency, and Received: 09 May 2018 lower nodal centrality and nodal efficiency in the thalamus, somatomotor network, and Accepted: 23 November 2018 Published: 13 December 2018 higher-order cognitive networks. Mild CIND only had higher nodal degree centrality in Citation: dorsal parietal regions. Functional differences were more subtle, with both CIND groups Wang J, Khosrowabadi R, Ng KK, showing lower nodal centrality and efficiency in temporal and somatomotor regions. Hong Z, Chong JSX, Wang Y, Importantly, CIND generally had higher structural-functional connectome correlation Chen C-Y, Hilal S, Venketasubramanian N, Wong TY, than controls. The higher structural-functional topological similarity was undesirable as Chen C-H, Ikram MK and Zhou J higher correlation was associated with poorer verbal memory, executive function, and (2018) Alterations in Brain Network Topology and Structural-Functional visuoconstruction. Our findings highlighted the distinct and progressive changes in brain Connectome Coupling Relate to structural-functional networks at the prodromal stage of neurodegenerative diseases. Cognitive Impairment. Front. Aging Neurosci. 10:404. Keywords: cognitive impairment no dementia, functional connectome, structural connectome, doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00404 structural-functional coupling, task-free fMRI, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience | www.frontiersin.org 1 December 2018 | Volume 10 | Article 404 Wang et al. Brain Connectome in Cognitive Impairment INTRODUCTION to lose their hub-like character in AD and MCI compared to healthy controls (Buckner et al., 2009; Brier et al., 2014) and Neurodegenerative diseases target large-scale neural networks was associated with cognitive deficits (Reijmer et al., 2013; Dicks (Braak and Braak, 1991; Seeley et al., 2009; Zhou et al., 2012; et al., 2018). Nevertheless, few studies have compared structural Wang et al., 2015b). Networks, such as the default mode and functional network patterns at different stages of MCI or network, dorsal attention network, and the salience network have CIND (Wang et al., 2011, 2012). A recent study in MCI patients been shown to be “epicenters” of different dementia subtypes, revealed that the intra- and inter-network functional connectivity with the differential involvement of these networks closely tied disruptions were more profound in late MCI compared to the with the symptomatic differences across subtypes, and can be early MCI patients (Zhan et al., 2016). Similar to the MCI contrasted with normal age-related brain network degradation classification, work on the topological changes in both structural (Zhou and Seeley, 2014; Chong et al., 2017; Chhatwal et al., and functional connectome underlying CIND cognitive decline 2018). These observations have served as the solid foundation remains largely unknown (Zhu et al., 2014). of the network-based selective vulnerability hypothesis (Seeley Recent work has found that structural connectivity could et al., 2009; Greicius and Kimmel, 2012). Transneuronal spread shape and impose constraints on the pattern of functional model is one possible mechanism in which disease agents, such connectivity in health (Hagmann et al., 2010; Goni et al., 2014). as tau and amyloid would transmit through neural pathways Both human and animal studies have shown that the functional characterized by functional and/or structural relationship instead connectome (FC) at the unconscious state is more similar to of spatial proximity between brain regions (Greicius and SC (Barttfeld et al., 2015) and time spent in the more SC-like Kimmel, 2012; Raj et al., 2012; Zhou et al., 2012). Human state is associated with poorer vigilance task performance (Wang brain neural networks have been directly probed by structural et al., 2016). On the other hand, FC patterns can also in turn connectivity derived from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and reflect underlying structural architecture in health and disease functional connectivity derived from task-free or resting-state (Greicius et al., 2009; Wang F. et al., 2009; Zhang et al., 2014; functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) (Wang et al., Vecchio et al., 2015). More importantly, the structural-functional 2015b; Teipel et al., 2016; Zhou et al., 2017). Converging relationships of large-scale brain networks may be disrupted in neuroimaging evidence from our group and others have shown disease (Hagmann et al., 2010; Wang et al., 2015a) and the two syndrome-specific structural and functional network disruptions might interact to relate to cognitive deficits (Qiu et al., 2016). in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other types of neurodegenerative Yet, brain network SC-FC coupling changes at the system-level disorders (Greicius et al., 2004; He et al., 2009; Zhou et al., in mild and moderate CIND individuals needs to be established. 2010; Zhou and Seeley, 2014), highlighting the valuable To this end, we compared the brain SC and FC in individuals insights of understanding these disorders with a network-based with mild CIND (two or fewer domain deficits), moderate CIND approach. Applied on both whole-brain structural and functional (multi-domain deficits), and no cognitive impairment (NCI) connectivity data (connectomes), graph theoretical measures using graph theoretical approach (Rubinov and Sporns, 2010). characterize complex brain neural network topology and quantify We hypothesized that moderate CIND rather than mild CIND network integration, modularity, or efficient communications would exhibit greater deterioration in SC and FC, such as using both nodal and global indices (Bullmore and Sporns, 2009; reduced global and nodal efficiency, compared to NCI. Moreover, Rubinov and Sporns, 2010), and has been an exellent tool for given previous findings on the close association of high SC-FC probing brain structural and functional networks perturbed by similarity with reduced consciousness and lower vigilance, we neurodegnerative disorders (Stam, 2014). expected that CIND (moderate rather than mild) would have Considerable effort has been devoted to better understand higher SC-FC coupling than NCI and such changes would be the changes in neural network topology and its associations associated with cognitive impairment. with symptoms manifestation in prodromal stages of dementia, such as participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) MATERIALS AND METHODS and cognitive impairment no dementia (CIND) (Hughes et al., 2011; Karantzoulis and Galvin, 2011). In prodromal and clinical Participants AD, the structural connectome (SC) exhibits altered topological Participants were drawn from the ongoing Epidemiology of network metrics, such as increased shortest path lengths and Dementia in Singapore study (Hilal et al., 2013), which is part decreased local and global efficiency (Lo et al., 2010; Bai of the Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Disease study (Huang et al., 2012b; Shao et al., 2012). In parallel, similar functional et al., 2015). The present analysis was restricted to the Chinese connectomic disruptions have been reported in prodromal AD component of the Epidemiology of Dementia in Singapore study, (Greicius et al., 2004;
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Mind‐Wandering While Reading: Attentional Decoupling, Mindless Reading and the Cascade Model of Inattention
    This is a repository copy of Distinct individual differences in default mode network connectivity relate to off-task thought and text memory during reading. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/152606/ Version: Accepted Version Article: Zhang, Meichao, Savill, Nicola, Margulies, Daniel S et al. (2 more authors) (Accepted: 2019) Distinct individual differences in default mode network connectivity relate to off-task thought and text memory during reading. Scientific Reports. ISSN 2045-2322 (In Press) Reuse This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC) licence. This licence allows you to remix, tweak, and build upon this work non-commercially, and any new works must also acknowledge the authors and be non-commercial. You don’t have to license any derivative works on the same terms. More information and the full terms of the licence here: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ Distinct individual differences in default mode network connectivity relate to off-task thought and text memory during reading Meichao Zhang 1*, Nicola Savill 2, Daniel S. Margulies 3, Jonathan Smallwood 1, Elizabeth Jefferies 1 1 Department of Psychology, University of York, Heslington, York, UK, YO10 5DD 2 School of Psychological and Social Sciences, York St John University, York, UK, YO31 7EX 3 Frontlab, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du cerveau et de la moelle épinière (ICM), 75013, Paris, France.
    [Show full text]
  • Development of Brain Functional Connectivity and Its Relation to Infant Sustained Attention in the Irsf T Year of Life Wanze Xie University of South Carolina
    University of South Carolina Scholar Commons Theses and Dissertations 2017 Development of Brain Functional Connectivity and Its Relation To Infant Sustained Attention In The irsF t Year Of Life Wanze Xie University of South Carolina Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd Part of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior Commons Recommended Citation Xie, W.(2017). Development of Brain Functional Connectivity and Its Relation To Infant Sustained Attention In The First Year Of Life. (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/4374 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you by Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. DEVELOPMENT OF BRAIN FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY AND ITS RELATION TO INFANT SUSTAINED ATTENTION IN THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE by Wanze Xie Bachelor of Science East Tennessee State University, 2012 Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Experimental Psychology College of Arts and Sciences University of South Carolina 2017 Accepted by: John E. Richards, Major Professor Jessica Green, Committee Member Jeff Schatz, Committee Member Troy Herter, Committee Member Cheryl L. Addy, Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School © Copyright by Wanze Xie, 2017 All Rights Reserved. ii DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to my family, Xiuping Lyu, Kecheng Xu, and Penny Song for their support in the past five years. The support from my parents, especially the support and soul massage from my mother, Xiuping Lyu, prevents me from quitting the program.
    [Show full text]
  • The Surprising Role of the Default Mode Network T
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.18.101758; this version posted May 20, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. The Surprising Role of the Default Mode Network T. Brandman1*, R. Malach1, E. Simony1,2. 1Department of Neurobiology and the Azrieli National Institute for Human Brain Imaging and Research, Weizmann Institute of Science. 2Faculty of Engineering, Holon Institute of Technology. *Correspondence to: [email protected] Abstract: The default mode network (DMN) is a group of high-order brain regions recently implicated in processing external naturalistic events, yet it remains unclear what cognitive function it serves. Here we identified the cognitive states predictive of DMN fMRI coactivation. Particularly, we developed a state-fluctuation pattern analysis, matching network coactivations across a short movie with retrospective behavioral sampling of movie events. Network coactivation was selectively correlated with the state of surprise across movie events, compared to all other cognitive states (e.g. emotion, vividness). The effect was exhibited in the DMN, but not dorsal attention or visual networks. Furthermore, surprise was found to mediate DMN coactivations with hippocampus and nucleus accumbens. These unexpected findings point to the DMN as a major hub in high-level prediction-error representations. The default mode network (DMN) is a group of high-order brain regions, so-called for its decreased activation during tasks of high attentional demand, relative to the high baseline activation of the DMN at rest (1-3).
    [Show full text]
  • Glutamate Connectivity Associations Converge Upon the Salience Network in Schizophrenia and Healthy Controls Robert A
    McCutcheon et al. Translational Psychiatry (2021) 11:322 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-021-01455-y Translational Psychiatry ARTICLE Open Access Glutamate connectivity associations converge upon the salience network in schizophrenia and healthy controls Robert A. McCutcheon 1,2,3,4, Toby Pillinger 1,2,3,4, Maria Rogdaki 1,2,3,4, Juan Bustillo5,6 and Oliver D. Howes1,2,3,4 Abstract Alterations in cortical inter-areal functional connectivity, and aberrant glutamatergic signalling are implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia but the relationship between the two is unclear. We used multimodal imaging to identify areas of convergence between the two systems. Two separate cohorts were examined, comprising 195 participants in total. All participants received resting state functional MRI to characterise functional brain networks and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) to measure glutamate concentrations in the frontal cortex. Study A investigated the relationship between frontal cortex glutamate concentrations and network connectivity in individuals with schizophrenia and healthy controls. Study B also used 1H-MRS, and scanned individuals with schizophrenia and healthy controls before and after a challenge with the glutamatergic modulator riluzole, to investigate the relationship between changes in glutamate concentrations and changes in network connectivity. In both studies the network based statistic was used to probe associations between glutamate and connectivity, and glutamate associated networks were then characterised in terms of their overlap with canonical functional networks. Study A involved 76 individuals with schizophrenia and 82 controls, and identified a functional network negatively associated with glutamate concentrations that was concentrated within the salience network (p < 0.05) and did not 1234567890():,; 1234567890():,; 1234567890():,; 1234567890():,; differ significantly between patients and controls (p > 0.85).
    [Show full text]
  • The Salience Network Contributes to an Individual's Fluid Reasoning Capacity
    G Model BBR-7508; No. of Pages 7 ARTICLE IN PRESS Behavioural Brain Research xxx (2012) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Behavioural Brain Research j ournal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/bbr Research report The salience network contributes to an individual’s fluid reasoning capacity a a a b a,∗ a,c,∗∗ Zhina Yuan , Wen Qin , Dawei Wang , Tianzi Jiang , Yunting Zhang , Chunshui Yu a Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China b LIAMA Center for Computational Medicine, National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China c School of Medical Imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: Fluid reasoning is the ability to think flexibly and logically, analyze novel problems and identify the rela- Received 18 October 2011 tionships that underpin these problems independent of acquired knowledge. Although many functional Received in revised form 14 January 2012 imaging studies have investigated brain activation during fluid reasoning tasks, the neural correlates of Accepted 17 January 2012 fluid reasoning remain elusive. In the present study, we aimed to uncover the neural correlates of fluid Available online xxx reasoning by analyzing correlations between Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices (RSPM), an effective measure of fluid reasoning, and measures of regional gray matter volume (GMV) and regional homogene- Keywords: ity (ReHo) in a voxel-wise manner throughout the whole brain in 297 healthy young adults. The most Fluid reasoning important finding was that RSPM scores were positively correlated with both GMV and ReHo values in Raven’s Progressive Matrices brain areas that belong to the salience network, including the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and the Gray matter volume Voxel-based morphometry fronto-insular cortex.
    [Show full text]
  • Cortico-Striatal-Thalamic Loop Circuits of the Salience Network: a Central Pathway in Psychiatric Disease and Treatment
    REVIEW published: 27 December 2016 doi: 10.3389/fnsys.2016.00104 Cortico-Striatal-Thalamic Loop Circuits of the Salience Network: A Central Pathway in Psychiatric Disease and Treatment Sarah K. Peters 1, Katharine Dunlop 1 and Jonathan Downar 1,2,3,4* 1Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, 2Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada, 3Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, 4MRI-Guided rTMS Clinic, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada The salience network (SN) plays a central role in cognitive control by integrating sensory input to guide attention, attend to motivationally salient stimuli and recruit appropriate functional brain-behavior networks to modulate behavior. Mounting evidence suggests that disturbances in SN function underlie abnormalities in cognitive control and may be a common etiology underlying many psychiatric disorders. Such functional and anatomical abnormalities have been recently apparent in studies and meta-analyses of psychiatric illness using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and voxel- based morphometry (VBM). Of particular importance, abnormal structure and function in major cortical nodes of the SN, the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and anterior insula (AI), have been observed as a common neurobiological substrate across a broad spectrum of psychiatric disorders. In addition to cortical nodes of the SN, the network’s associated subcortical structures, including the dorsal striatum, mediodorsal thalamus and dopaminergic brainstem nuclei, comprise a discrete regulatory loop circuit. Edited by: The SN’s cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical loop increasingly appears to be central to Avishek Adhikari, mechanisms of cognitive control, as well as to a broad spectrum of psychiatric illnesses Stanford University, USA and their available treatments.
    [Show full text]
  • Changes in Extra-Striatal Functional Connectivity in Patients with Schizophrenia in a Psychotic Episode
    The British Journal of Psychiatry (2017) 210, 75–82. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.114.151928 Changes in extra-striatal functional connectivity in patients with schizophrenia in a psychotic episode Henning Peters, Valentin Riedl, Andrei Manoliu, Martin Scherr, Dirk Schwertho¨ ffer, Claus Zimmer, Hans Fo¨ rstl, Josef Ba¨ uml, Christian Sorg* and Kathrin Koch* Background In patients with schizophrenia in a psychotic episode, with right anterior insula and dorsal prefrontal cortex, intra-striatal intrinsic connectivity is increased in the putamen the ventral striatum with left anterior insula. Decreased but not ventral striatum. Furthermore, multimodal changes functional connectivity between putamen and right have been observed in the anterior insula that interact anterior insula was specifically associated with patients’ extensively with the putamen. hallucinations. Functional connectivity distinctiveness was impaired only for the putamen. Aims We hypothesised that during psychosis, putamen extra- Conclusions striatal functional connectivity is altered with both the Results indicate aberrant extra-striatal connectivity during anterior insula and areas normally connected with the psychosis and a relationship between reduced putamen–right ventral striatum (i.e. altered functional connectivity anterior insula connectivity and hallucinations. Data distinctiveness of putamen and ventral striatum). suggest that altered intrinsic connectivity links striatal and Method insular pathophysiology in psychosis. We acquired resting-state functional magnetic resonance
    [Show full text]
  • Re-Establishing Brain Networks in Patients with ESRD After Successful Kidney Transplantation
    Article Re-Establishing Brain Networks in Patients with ESRD after Successful Kidney Transplantation Hui Juan Chen,1,2 Jiqiu Wen,3 Rongfeng Qi,1 Jianhui Zhong,4 U. Joseph Schoepf,1,5 Akos Varga-Szemes,5 Virginia W. Lesslie,5 Xiang Kong,1 Yun Fei Wang,1 Qiang Xu,1 Zhe Zhang,3 Xue Li,3 Guang Ming Lu,1 and Long Jiang Zhang1 Abstract Background and objectives Cognition in ESRD may be improved by kidney transplantation, but mechanisms are 1Department of unclear. We explored patterns of resting-state networks with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging Medical Imaging and among patients with ESRD before and after kidney transplantation. 3National Clinical Research Center of Design, setting, participants, & measurements Thirty-seven patients with ESRD scheduled for kidney trans- Kidney Disease, plantation and 22 age-, sex-, and education-matched healthy subjects underwent resting-state functional magnetic Jinling Hospital, Medical School of resonance imaging. Patients were imaged before and 1 and 6 months after kidney transplantation. Functional Nanjing University, connectivity of seven resting-state subnetworks was evaluated: default mode network, dorsal attention network, Nanjing, Jiangsu, central executive network, self-referential network, sensorimotor network, visual network, and auditory network. China; 2Department of Mixed effects models tested associations of ESRD, kidney transplantation, and neuropsychological measurements Radiology, Hainan General Hospital, with functional connectivity. Haikou, China; 4Department of Results Compared with controls, pretransplant patients showed abnormal functional connectivity in six Biomedical subnetworks. Compared with pretransplant patients, increased functional connectivity was observed in the Engineering and State default mode network, the dorsal attention network, the central executive network, the sensorimotor network, the Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and auditory network, and the visual network 1 and 6 months after kidney transplantation (P=0.01).
    [Show full text]
  • Salience Network-Midbrain Dysconnectivity and Blunted Reward Signals in Schizophrenia
    öÌ·¬´» п¹» •¸±©·²¹ º«´´ ß«¬¸±® ¿²¼ ß¼¼®»•• Ü»¬¿·´• Salience network-midbrain dysconnectivity and blunted reward signals in schizophrenia Victoria B. Gradina*, Gordon Waiterb, Akira O'Connorc, Liana Romaniukd, Catriona Sticklee, Keith Matthewsa, Jeremy Halld, J. Douglas Steelea a Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, UK b Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, UK c Department of Psychology, University of St Andrews, UK d Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, UK; e Royal Cornhill Hospital, Aberdeen, UK Abstract words: 196 < 200 *Corresponding author: Dr. Victoria Gradin Division of Neuroscience (Mailbox 5) Medical Research Institute Dundee University Ninewells Hospital & Medical School Dundee DD1 9SY Email: [email protected]; [email protected] Tel: *44-1382-496-233 Fax *44-1382-633-865 öλª·•»¼ Ó¿²«•½®·°¬ Abstract Theories of schizophrenia propose that abnormal functioning of the neural reward system is linked to negative and psychotic symptoms, by disruption of reward processing and promotion of context-independent false associations. Recently it has been argued that an insula-anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) salience network system enables switching of brain states from the default mode to a task-related activity mode. Abnormal interaction between the insula-ACC system and reward processing regions may help explain abnormal reinforcer processing and symptoms. Here we use fMRI to assess the neural correlates of reward processing in schizophrenia. Furthermore we investigated functional connectivity between the dopaminergic midbrain, a key region for the processing of reinforcers, and other brain regions. In response to rewards, controls activated task related regions (striatum, amygdala/hippocampus and midbrain) and the insula-ACC salience network. Patients similarly activated the insula-ACC salience network system but failed to activate task related regions.
    [Show full text]
  • Functional Evidence for a Cerebellar Node of the Dorsal Attention Network
    The Journal of Neuroscience, June 1, 2016 • 36(22):6083–6096 • 6083 Behavioral/Cognitive Functional Evidence for a Cerebellar Node of the Dorsal Attention Network James A. Brissenden,1* Emily J. Levin,1* David E. Osher,1 XMark A. Halko,2 and XDavid C. Somers1 1Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, and 2Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215 The “dorsal attention network” or “frontoparietal network” refers to a network of cortical regions that support sustained attention and working memory. Recent work has demonstrated that cortical nodes of the dorsal attention network possess intrinsic functional con- nectionswitharegioninventralcerebellum,inthevicinityoflobulesVII/VIII.Here,weperformedaseriesoftask-basedandresting-state fMRI experiments to investigate cerebellar participation in the dorsal attention network in humans. We observed that visual working memory and visual attention tasks robustly recruit cerebellar lobules VIIb and VIIIa, in addition to canonical cortical dorsal attention network regions. Across the cerebellum, resting-state functional connectivity with the cortical dorsal attention network strongly pre- dicted the level of activation produced by attention and working memory tasks. Critically, cerebellar voxels that were most strongly connected with the dorsal attention network selectively exhibited load-dependent activity, a hallmark of the neural structures that support visual working memory. Finally, we examined intrinsic functional connectivity between task-responsive portions of cerebellar lobules VIIb/VIIIa and cortex. Cerebellum-to-cortex functional connectivity strongly predicted the pattern of cortical activation during task performance. Moreover, resting-state connectivity patterns revealed that cerebellar lobules VIIb/VIIIa group with cortical nodes of the dorsal attention network.
    [Show full text]
  • Network Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease and Frontotemporal
    REVIEW Network Dysfunction in Alzheimer’s Disease and Frontotemporal Dementia: Implications for Psychiatry Juan Zhou and William W. Seeley Structural and functional connectivity methods are changing how researchers conceptualize and explore neuropsychiatric disease. Here, we summarize emerging evidence of large-scale network dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease and behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia, focusing on the divergent impact these disorders have on the default mode network and the salience network. We update a working model for understanding the functions of these networks within a broader anatomical context and highlight the relevance of this model for understanding psychiatric illness. Finally, we look ahead to persistent challenges in the application of network-based imaging methods to patients with Alzheimer’s disease, behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia, and other neuropsychiatric condi- tions. Recent advances and persistent needs are discussed, with an eye toward anticipating the hurdles that must be overcome for a network-based framework to clarify the biology of psychiatric illness and aid in the drug discovery process. Several goals must be achieved for network analysis to realize this ’ Key Words: Alzheimer s disease, biomarker, connectome, potential and aid in the search for new treatments, and we review frontotemporal dementia, network, psychiatric disorders these issues in a closing section. eurodegenerative diseases are united by gradual and Network-based Neuroimaging: Methodologic anatomically selective spread of pathologic disease pro- Background N tein inclusions within neurons and glia, accompanied by synaptic and neuronal loss. The prototypical patterns of regional Structural and functional connectivity analyses provide non- spread give rise to clinically distinctive, relentlessly progressive, invasive methods for mapping large-scale networks in the living – fatal syndromes for which no disease-modifying therapies are healthy human brain [see recent reviews (17 19)] and for available.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded on April 20, 2018)
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/542936; this version posted February 6, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Integrative Functional Network Interactions Underlie the Association between Physical Activity and Cognition in Neurodegenerative Diseases Chia-Hao Shih1, Miriam Sklerov2, Nina Browner2, Eran Dayan1,3* 1Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 2Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 3Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill *Address for correspondence: Eran Dayan, Ph.D. Department of Radiology / Biomedical Research Imaging Center University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill [email protected] 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/542936; this version posted February 6, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Abstract Physical activity (PA) has preventive and possibly restorative effects in aging-related cognitive decline, which relate to intrinsic functional interactions (functional connectivity, FC) in large- scale brain networks. Preventive and ameliorative effects of PA on cognitive decline have also been documented in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the neural substrates that mediate the association between PA and cognitive performance under such neurological conditions remain unknown. Here we set out to examine if the association between PA and cognitive performance in PD is mediated by FC in large-scale sensorimotor and association brain networks.
    [Show full text]